CN109212498B - Rapid algorithm for radar scattering cross section of airplane formation - Google Patents
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- CN109212498B CN109212498B CN201710534339.3A CN201710534339A CN109212498B CN 109212498 B CN109212498 B CN 109212498B CN 201710534339 A CN201710534339 A CN 201710534339A CN 109212498 B CN109212498 B CN 109212498B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rapid algorithm for radar scattering cross sections of airplane formation, which comprises the steps of firstly calculating and obtaining airplane scattering far field complex amplitude distribution by using an electromagnetic wave time domain simulation method, secondly changing the attitude of an airplane through local coordinate system transformation, recalculating to obtain new airplane scattering far field complex amplitude distribution, secondly calculating coupling scattering between any two airplanes by using relative angles and distances between airplanes at different positions, and finally coherently adding or coherently cancelling far field complex amplitudes of single airplane scattering and coupling scattering between airplane formation, thereby calculating the scattering cross section of the whole formation. The invention realizes the rapid calculation of the radar scattering cross section of the airplane formation, does not need to construct a complete airplane formation system in computer simulation, and can greatly reduce simulation resources and calculation time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rapid algorithm for radar scattering cross sections of airplane formation, in particular to a full-wave simulation algorithm-based method for calculating radar scattering cross sections of electric large-scale airplane formation, and belongs to the field of electromagnetic simulation and calculation.
Background
The simulation calculation of the radar scattering cross section of the electrical large system is an important research subject of countries in the world at present, and the core of the simulation calculation is to calculate the radar scattering cross section of the electrical large system under the condition of acceptable time and cost. Currently, the main techniques for calculating the radar scattering cross section of the electrical large system include: full wave algorithm, physical optical approximation, geometric optical approximation. The above conventional technology adopts a strict full-wave algorithm, which is very accurate, but for an electrical large system such as an airplane formation, the full-wave algorithm adopts a numerical method to calculate maxwell's equation or an equivalent integral equation to obtain a value of a far-field electromagnetic field, and then calculates a radar scattering cross section (such as a document "[ electromagnetic wave time domain finite difference method ], german super Yan Yubo"), however, the method has too large calculation amount for calculating the airplane formation, and thus is difficult to calculate practically. On the other hand, the approximation algorithms such as physical optics and geometric optics are realized by popularizing kirchhoff integration, obtaining a scattering field through approximating and integrating an induced current induction field on the surface of a scattering body, and then calculating a radar scattering cross section or obtaining a radar scattering cross section with a smooth curved surface with a limited curvature according to a ray reflection law and an energy conservation law (such as the literature "[ optical principle ], markos. born"), although the calculation amount of the algorithm is greatly reduced, the accuracy of the simulation calculation result for airplane formation is very low, the error is often huge, and even the error is more than one order of magnitude. Therefore, how to obtain a more accurate result and save the computing resources is a difficult problem in the field of efficiently and accurately computing the radar scattering interfaces of the airplane formation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a novel scheme for a radar scattering cross section fast algorithm for airplane formation, which adopts a full-wave simulation algorithm-based radar scattering cross section calculation method for the airplane formation in an electrical large system, coherently adds or destructively adds vector scattering fields of single airplanes by means of an electromagnetic wave interference principle, and considers a mutual coupling coefficient matrix to obtain the radar scattering cross section of the airplane formation, thereby solving the problem of low calculation efficiency of the existing scheme.
The invention relates to a rapid algorithm for radar scattering cross sections of airplane formation, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: placing an incident plane electromagnetic wave and a far field recorder outside any airplane in the formation of airplanes, and obtaining the scattering far field complex amplitude distribution of any airplane in different postures through simulation calculation;
step 2: coherent addition or coherent cancellation is carried out on the aircraft scattering far-field complex amplitudes at different positions and different postures in the aircraft formation to obtain far-field zero-order scattering complex amplitude distribution of the aircraft formation;
and step 3: obtaining far-field first-order coupling scattering complex amplitude distribution of any airplane in the airplane formation according to the relative position and distance between the airplane and the airplane except the airplane in the airplane formation;
and 4, step 4: coherent addition or coherent cancellation is carried out on the far-field first-order coupling scattering complex amplitudes of all the airplanes in the airplane formation to obtain the far-field first-order scattering complex amplitude distribution of the airplane formation;
and 5: and coherently adding or destructing the far-field zero-order scattering complex amplitudes and the far-field first-order coupling scattering complex amplitudes of all the airplanes in the formation of the airplanes, thereby calculating the radar scattering cross section of the formation of the airplanes.
Further, the airplane models in the airplane formation of the scheme are the same.
Further, the aircraft model in the aircraft formation of the scheme can be any one of bombers, helicopters, unmanned planes, reconnaissance planes, transport planes, fighters or civil aircrafts.
Further, the number of the airplanes in the airplane formation is 2-500, including 2 and 500.
Further, the radar working frequency range of the airplane formation measured by the method is 0.1 GHz-1000 GHz, including 0.1 GHz and 1000 GHz.
Further, the attitude of any one airplane in the airplane formation in the scheme rotates within 0-180 degrees of latitude and 0-360 degrees of longitude under a spherical coordinate system, including 0-180 degrees of latitude, 0-360 degrees of longitude and 360 degrees of longitude.
The invention discloses a novel scheme for a radar scattering cross section fast algorithm for airplane formation, which adopts a full-wave simulation algorithm-based radar scattering cross section calculation method for the airplane formation in an electrical large system, coherently adds or destructively adds vector scattering fields of single airplanes by means of an electromagnetic wave interference principle, and considers a mutual coupling coefficient matrix to obtain the radar scattering cross section of the airplane formation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the fast algorithm for radar cross-section in formation of aircraft according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a fast algorithm for radar cross section of airplane formation.
FIG. 3 is an electromagnetic simulation model used in an embodiment of a fast algorithm for radar cross-section of an airplane formation.
Fig. 4 is an electromagnetic simulation model used in an embodiment two of the fast algorithm for radar scattering cross-sections of aircraft formation.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of simulation results of the first embodiment in fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of simulation results of the second embodiment in fig. 4.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, the schematic diagram of the fast algorithm for radar cross section in formation of aircraft is disclosed. The method for rapidly calculating the radar scattering cross section of the airplane formation comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: placing an incident plane electromagnetic wave and a far field recorder outside any airplane in the formation of airplanes, and obtaining the scattering far field complex amplitude distribution of any airplane in different postures through simulation calculation;
step 2: coherent addition or coherent cancellation is carried out on the aircraft scattering far-field complex amplitudes at different positions and different postures in the aircraft formation to obtain far-field zero-order scattering complex amplitude distribution of the aircraft formation;
and step 3: obtaining far-field first-order coupling scattering complex amplitude distribution of any airplane in the airplane formation according to the relative position and distance between the airplane and the airplane except the airplane in the airplane formation;
and 4, step 4: coherent addition or coherent cancellation is carried out on the far-field first-order coupling scattering complex amplitudes of all the airplanes in the airplane formation to obtain the far-field first-order scattering complex amplitude distribution of the airplane formation;
and 5: and coherently adding or destructing the far-field zero-order scattering complex amplitudes and the far-field first-order coupling scattering complex amplitudes of all the airplanes in the formation of the airplanes, thereby calculating the radar scattering cross section of the formation of the airplanes.
Based on the scheme, the aircraft types in the aircraft formation are the same, the aircraft types can be any one of bombers, helicopters, unmanned planes, reconnaissance planes, transport planes, fighters or civil aircraft, the number of the aircraft is 2-500 frames including 2 frames and 500 frames, the radar working frequency range is 0.1-1000 GHz including 0.1-1000 GHz, and the attitude of any one aircraft in the aircraft formation rotates within 0-180 degrees of latitude and 0-360 degrees of longitude under a spherical coordinate system, including 0-180 degrees of latitude, 0-360 degrees of longitude and 360 degrees of latitude. The scheme comprises accurate single-aircraft scattering and cross-coupling scattering simulation between the aircraft, so that higher calculation accuracy is ensured, the formation calculation depends on a post-processing algorithm, so that the resource and time consumed by the post-processing algorithm are extremely less, the calculation resource and time are greatly saved, and the advantages are more obvious when a larger formation is calculated.
According to the above disclosed scheme, the scheme further discloses specific scheme steps as follows.
The method for calculating radar scattering cross sections of the formation of the electric large-scale aircraft on the basis of the full-wave simulation algorithm comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: and opening electromagnetic simulation software, constructing or introducing an airplane model to be tested in the central area of the coordinate system, and selecting or fitting airplane materials according to the actual electromagnetic material characteristics of the airplane. An incident plane electromagnetic wave and a far field recorder are placed outside a single aircraft. Setting the frequency range to be measured. And setting the precision of the grid division according to the expected precision and the comprehensive consideration of computing resources. And setting the angle range and the angle interval which are required to be recorded by the recorder according to the actually required angle resolution and angle range. The boundary of the electromagnetic scattering is set to be an open boundary. And starting simulation software to start calculation.
Step two: after the simulation is completed, the recorder far field complex amplitude distribution is extracted and recorded as
Wherein E represents the complex amplitude of the electric field,
respectively representing the azimuth angle in the coordinate system.
Step three: and according to various flight attitudes of the airplane required in practice, realizing attitude transformation by rotating the local coordinate system of the airplane, and repeating the two steps.
Step four: obtaining a series of far-field complex amplitude distributions of a series of postures of a single aircraft, and adopting mathematical calculation software to approximately extract the coupling coefficient between the aircraft according to the data
That is, the b-th aircraft in the aircraft formation scatters electromagnetic waves on the line ba, that is
Is directionally incident to the a-th airplane and then is positioned by the a-airplane
Complex amplitude distribution of the directional scattering.
Step five: obtaining the coupling coefficient according to the second, third and fourth steps
And the b aircraft are connected on line ba
Directionally scattering electromagnetic waves
And the a aircraft in
Complex amplitude distribution of directional scattering
Calculating the far field of the a plane according to the following formula
Directional first order approximation complex amplitude distribution
Step six: according to the direction of the detected radar
The positions x0, y0, z0 and the a aircraft positions xa, ya, za calculate the phase difference between a and the detection radar
The formula is as follows:
wherein λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, daRepresenting the phase between the far-field radar and the aircraft, the phase having only relative significance and therefore not taking into account too much of the absolute value, daGiven by:
step seven: the final far-field scattered field can be obtained by the fifth step and the sixth step
Comprises the following steps:
step eight: the scattering cross section of the far-field radar can be calculated by using the result of the seventh step
The formula is as follows:
in the formula, r represents the distance of a far field, theoretically, r should be infinite, and in the approximate calculation, as long as r is large enough, the far field condition is satisfied.
Representing the direction of emission of the electromagnetic waves from which the radar is emitted,
representing the field strength of the electromagnetic wave incident on the plane of radar incidence.
The simulation result will be described below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, and compared with the full-wave strict simulation result.
Example one
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, 3 cones with the size of 1mx1mx1m are used to simulate formation of an airplane, as shown in fig. 3, an incident plane electromagnetic wave adopts a 1GHz cosine wave, and through the above steps, as shown in fig. 2, a specific flow chart shows, the simulation result is similar to the direct simulation result of three cones, and the maximum deviation is within 1sm, as shown in fig. 5.
Example two
In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the formation of the airplanes in the previous embodiment is expanded to 5, the simulation result obtained through the above steps is similar to the direct simulation result of 5 cones, and the maximum deviation is within 1sm, as shown in fig. 6.
The above example results fully demonstrate the reliability and effectiveness of the present solution.
The traditional method adopts a full-wave algorithm, the system is overlarge, the resource and time consumption is huge, and the scattering calculation of a fine structure is not accurate enough by adopting physical or geometric optical approximation. Different from the traditional radar scattering cross section calculation of the electrical large system, the method realizes that the full-wave algorithm is adopted to carry out simulation calculation on a single airplane for the formation of the electrical large system airplane, and then the approximate calculation is carried out in a post-processing mode, so that certain calculation precision is ensured, and calculation resources and time are greatly saved. Based on the characteristics, compared with the traditional scheme, the fast algorithm for the radar scattering cross section of the airplane formation has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress.
The fast algorithm for radar scattering cross sections of airplane formation in the present scheme is not limited to what is disclosed in the specific embodiments, the technical solutions presented in the examples can be extended based on the understanding of those skilled in the art, and simple alternatives made by those skilled in the art according to the present scheme in combination with common knowledge also belong to the scope of the present scheme.
Claims (6)
1. A fast algorithm for radar cross section of airplane formation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: placing an incident plane electromagnetic wave and a far field recorder outside any airplane in the formation of airplanes, and obtaining the scattering far field complex amplitude distribution of any airplane in different postures through simulation calculation;
step 2: coherent addition or coherent cancellation is carried out on the aircraft scattering far-field complex amplitudes at different positions and different postures in the aircraft formation to obtain far-field zero-order scattering complex amplitude distribution of the aircraft formation;
and step 3: obtaining far-field first-order coupling scattering complex amplitude distribution of any airplane in the airplane formation according to the relative position and distance between the airplane and the airplane except the airplane in the airplane formation;
and 4, step 4: coherent addition or coherent cancellation is carried out on the far-field first-order coupling scattering complex amplitudes of all the airplanes in the airplane formation to obtain the far-field first-order scattering complex amplitude distribution of the airplane formation;
and 5: and coherently adding or destructing the far-field zero-order scattering complex amplitudes and the far-field first-order coupling scattering complex amplitudes of all the airplanes in the formation of the airplanes, thereby calculating the radar scattering cross section of the formation of the airplanes.
2. The fast algorithm for radar cross-sections of formation of aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the models of the aircraft in the formation of aircraft are the same.
3. The fast algorithm for radar scattering cross section of aircraft formation according to claim 2, wherein the model of the aircraft in the aircraft formation can be any one of bombers, helicopters, drones, scooters, transporters, fighters or civil aircraft.
4. The fast algorithm for radar cross-sections of aircraft formation according to claim 3, wherein the number of aircraft formed by the aircraft is 2-500 frames, including 2 and 500 frames.
5. The fast algorithm for radar cross-section in formation of aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the radar operating frequency range for measuring the formation of aircraft is 0.1-1000 gigahertz, including 0.1 gigahertz and 1000 gigahertz.
6. The fast radar cross-section algorithm for aircraft formation according to claim 1, wherein the attitude of any one aircraft in the aircraft formation is rotated within 0-180 degrees latitude and 0-360 degrees longitude in a spherical coordinate system, including 0-180 degrees latitude and 0-360 degrees longitude.
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