CN109211698A - A kind of Three Points Bending Specimen and the method for testing metallic material local performance - Google Patents
A kind of Three Points Bending Specimen and the method for testing metallic material local performance Download PDFInfo
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- CN109211698A CN109211698A CN201810236006.7A CN201810236006A CN109211698A CN 109211698 A CN109211698 A CN 109211698A CN 201810236006 A CN201810236006 A CN 201810236006A CN 109211698 A CN109211698 A CN 109211698A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Three Points Bending Specimens, and a kind of structure that method for testing metallic material local performance passes through design Three Points Bending Specimen, make Three Points Bending Specimen during static and dynamically load, maximum stress concentrated area is very small, it can be used for accurately testing the physical function parameter and mechanical performance parameter of local material, and surface strengthening technology improves the comprehensive mechanical property of practical structures part to the improvement of structural member in order to optimizing surface reinforcement technique parameter；The up-front size of sample ontology tenuity and inclined-plane angle may be designed as the marginal dimension for being similar to complex-curved component simultaneously, so as to the physical property and mechanical performance parameter for testing complex-curved Member Lip position, such as engine blade and turbine blade, material are the metal materials such as titanium alloy, stainless steel, aluminium alloy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Three Points Bending Specimen and the methods for testing metallic material local performance, belong to metal material
Technical field of performance test.
Background technique
The mechanical property of metal reflect metal material under various forms external force resistance to deformation or destruction it is certain
Ability, it is closely bound up with the failure mode of material.Material is as useful substance, in that certain property possessed by itself
Can, all components in the process of running and product in use, all bear to put forth effort or energy, temperature to a certain extent
The effect of degree and contact medium etc., the main foundation of the selection of material are its service performance, processing performance and economy, wherein
Service performance is that material mechanical performance firstly the need of satisfaction, especially for property is often design of material and using being pursued
Main target.The purpose of material properties test and tissue characterization is exactly it is to be understood that and knowing the ingredient of material, institutional framework, property
Energy and the relationship between them.And material will be efficiently used in people it may first have to it is to be understood that the mechanical property of material and
Influence the various factors of material mechanical performance.Therefore, the test of material mechanical performance is most important in all test items and most
One of main content.Yield strength, tensile strength, elasticity modulus and the fatigue strength of material generally use the large scale of standard
Sample, these large dimension specimens are all based on homogenous material properties design, and these conventional samples are unable to test material
Local Property.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Three Points Bending Specimen and the sides of test metallic material local performance
Method can be used for testing the physical function parameter and mechanical performance parameter of local material.
To achieve the goals above, a kind of Three Points Bending Specimen of the invention, the sample ontology including rectangular-shape, in institute
It states and is respectively arranged with notch section on two opposite vertical sides of sample ontology to form tenuity, institute on sample ontology
Two sides for stating tenuity include chamfered portion and arcwall face part, and the upper end of the chamfered portion is connected to arc face
Point, lower end meets at the lower end surface of the sample ontology, and the upper end of the arcwall face part meets at the vertical side of the sample ontology
Face；The long L of the sample ontology is 100mm~200mm, and wide H is 5mm~20mm, and high B isIt is described
The up-front lower end of tenuity, i.e. tenuity with a thickness of h are 0.5mm~1mm, the angle αs of two chamfered portions is 5 °~
25°；The distance Y of neutral line of the tenuity leading edge apart from the tenuity is greater than 0.65B；The length direction of the sample ontology
On center to sample ontology supporting point distance d be greater than 0.4L；The elongated surfaces of two chamfered portions and the sample
Difference h of the distance between the straight line of top surface intersection of ontology with the wide H of the sample ontology1=3mm~5mm；The sample
The length L in the stress raisers region of ontology2Less than 1/10d, height B1Less than 1/10Y.
Another Three Points Bending Specimen of the invention, the sample ontology including rectangular-shape, the two of the sample ontology
Notch section is respectively arranged on a opposite vertical side to form tenuity on sample ontology, two of the tenuity
Side includes chamfered portion and arcwall face part, and the upper end of the chamfered portion is connected to arcwall face part, and lower end meets at institute
The lower end surface of sample ontology is stated, the upper end of the arcwall face part meets at the vertical side of the sample ontology；The sample sheet
The long L of body is 100mm~200mm, and wide H is 5mm~20mm, and high B isUnder the tenuity
End, i.e. tenuity leading edge are arc rounded structure, the diameter D of fillet1For 0.5mm~1mm, the angle α of two chamfered portions
It is 5 °~25 °；The distance Y of neutral line of the tenuity leading edge apart from the tenuity is greater than 0.65B；The sample ontology
The distance d of supporting point of center on length direction to sample ontology is greater than 0.4L；The elongated surfaces of two chamfered portions and institute
State difference h of the distance between the straight line of top surface intersection of sample ontology with the wide H of the sample ontology1=3mm~5mm；Institute
State the length L in the stress raisers region of sample ontology2Less than 1/10d, height B1Less than 1/10Y.
Foregoing Three Points Bending Specimen does not open up U-type groove in the stress raisers region, is mainly used for testing
The physical function parameter of metal material, fatigue stress-life curve, fatigue crack growth rate or fatigue strength parameter.As
Improvement to foregoing Three Points Bending Specimen opens up U-type groove in the stress raisers region, is mainly used for test gold
Belong to the anti-foreign object damage performance or fatigue life parameter of material.The depth L of the U-type groove3For 0.5mm~1mm, bottom radius r
For 0.2mm~0.5mm.
A kind of method of test metallic material local performance of the invention is not opening up U-type groove close to foregoing
Foil gauge is pasted in the position in the stress raisers region of sample ontology, carries out three-point bending test to the sample ontology,
Under static load, the strain data in stress raisers region is passed to computer by foil gauge in real time, obtains answering for metal material
Stress-strain curve, to obtain the yield strength of the metal material in stress raisers region, elasticity modulus or tensile strength ginseng
Number；Or under dynamic load, the strain data in stress raisers region is passed to computer by foil gauge in real time, obtains metal
Fatigue stress-life curve, fatigue crack growth rate or the fatigue strength parameter of material.
Further, performance improvement is carried out to local region of stress concentration using surface strengthening technology, then again to described
Sample ontology carries out three-point bending test, obtains the yield strength of the metal material in stress raisers region, elasticity modulus, resists
Tensile strength parameter or fatigue stress-life curve, fatigue crack growth rate, fatigue strength improvement after parameter.
The method of a kind of test metallic material local performance of the invention, close to the foregoing examination with U-type groove
Foil gauge is pasted in the position in the stress raisers region of sample body, three-point bending test is carried out to the sample ontology, in height
Under frequency fatigue load, the strain data in stress raisers region is passed to computer by foil gauge in real time, obtains metal material
Fatigue crack growth rate, anti-foreign object damage performance or fatigue life parameter.
Further, performance improvement is carried out to local region of stress concentration using surface strengthening technology, then again to described
Sample ontology carries out three-point bending test, obtains the fatigue crack growth rate of the metal material in stress raisers region, resists
Parameter after the improvement of foreign object damage performance or fatigue life.
By adopting the above technical scheme, Three Points Bending Specimen of the invention and the method for testing metallic material local performance,
For Three Points Bending Specimen during static and dynamically load, maximum stress concentrated area is very small, can be used for accurately testing part
The physical function parameter and mechanical performance parameter and surface strengthening technology of material are to the improvement of structural member, in order to excellent
Change surface strengthening technology parameter, improves the comprehensive mechanical property of practical structures part；The up-front size of sample ontology tenuity simultaneously
And inclined-plane angle may be designed as the marginal dimension for being similar to complex-curved component, so as to for testing complex-curved component side
The physical property and mechanical performance parameter of edge position, such as engine blade and turbine blade, material are titanium alloy, stainless
The metal materials such as steel, aluminium alloy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the main view of the Three Points Bending Specimen in the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 2 is the bottom view of the Three Points Bending Specimen in the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 3 is the schematic cross-section of median plane of the sample ontology on length direction in embodiment one.
Fig. 4 is the up-front structural schematic diagram of tenuity in the embodiment of the present invention two.
Fig. 5 is the main view of auxiliary clamp in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the top view of auxiliary clamp in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is stress diagram of the Three Points Bending Specimen when carrying out three-point bending test.
Fig. 8 is the shearing schematic diagram of three-point bending test.
Fig. 9 is the moment of flexure schematic diagram of three-point bending test.
Figure 10 is the pulling force schematic diagram of three-point bending test.
Figure 11 opens up the Three Points Bending Specimen signal of U-type groove for the stress raisers region in the embodiment of the present invention three
Figure.
Figure 12 is the portion A partial enlarged view in Figure 11.
Specific embodiment
Below by way of the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment one:
As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, the present embodiment provides a kind of Three Points Bending Specimens, the sample ontology 1 including rectangular-shape,
It is thin to be formed on sample ontology 1 that notch section 101 is respectively arranged on the opposite vertical side of two of the sample ontology 1
Wall area 200, two sides 201 of the tenuity 200 include chamfered portion 201a and arcwall face part 201b, the inclined-plane
The upper end of part 201a is connected to arcwall face part 201b, and lower end meets at the lower end surface of the sample ontology 1, the arcwall face
The upper end of the part 201b meets at the vertical side of the sample ontology 1；The long L of the sample ontology 1 is 100mm~200mm, wide
H is 5mm~20mm, and high B isThe lower end of the tenuity 200, the i.e. thickness of tenuity leading edge 3
It is 0.5mm~1mm for h, the angle α of two chamfered portion 201a is 5 °~25 °；The tenuity leading edge 3 is apart from the thin-walled
The distance Y of the neutral line 2 in area 200 is greater than 0.65B；The branch of sample ontology 1 is arrived at center 4 on the length direction of the sample ontology 1
Support point P1、P2Distance d be greater than 0.4L；The elongated surfaces of two chamfered portion 201a intersect with the top surface of the sample ontology 1
Difference h with the wide H of the sample ontology 1 of the distance between straight line1=3mm~5mm, then as shown in figure 3, chamfered portion
The minimum range of the vertical side for the linear distance sample ontology 1 that the elongated surfaces of 201a intersect with the top surface of the sample ontology 1
For h1/2；The length L in the stress raisers region 6 of the sample ontology 12Less than 0.1d, height B1Less than 0.1Y.
Using the method for above-mentioned Three Points Bending Specimen test metallic material local performance, first close to foregoing examination
Foil gauge is pasted in the position in the stress raisers region of sample body, carries out three-point bending test to the sample ontology, is trying
Middle position of the sample body 1 on length direction applies pressure F, two supporting point P straight down1、P2Sample ontology 1 is produced respectively
Raw support force F/2, under static load, the strain data in stress raisers region is passed to computer by foil gauge in real time, is obtained
The stress-strain diagram for obtaining metal material, to obtain the yield strength of the metal material in stress raisers region, springform
Amount or tensile strength parameter；Or under dynamic load, the strain data in stress raisers region is passed to by foil gauge in real time
Computer obtains the fatigue stress-life curve, fatigue crack growth rate or fatigue strength parameter of metal material.
Further, performance improvement is carried out to local region of stress concentration using surface strengthening technology, then again to described
Sample ontology carries out three-point bending test, obtains the yield strength of the metal material in stress raisers region, elasticity modulus, resists
Tensile strength parameter or fatigue stress-life curve, fatigue crack growth rate, fatigue strength improvement after parameter, with test
The effect that surface strengthening technology improves material property.On this basis it is possible to optimizing surface reinforcement technique technological parameter, to reality
The structural member on border carries out surface strengthening technology, greatly improves the comprehensive mechanical property of structural member.Structural member can be engine leaf
Piece, turbine blade, welding structure, 3D printing structure etc., material are the metal materials such as titanium alloy, stainless steel, aluminium alloy, surface
Reinforcement technique is the technologies such as surface deformation strengthening, Surface heat-treatent reinforcing, surface alloying.
As shown in Figure 5,6, according to the size of sample ontology 1, Design assistant fixture 5, make auxiliary clamp 5 on open up it is logical
Slot 51 is L long1, width H1Have a competition sample body 1 long L, width H all distinguish bigger 1mm~2mm.Auxiliary clamp 5 acts on: guaranteeing static and dynamic
In state loading procedure, test sample remained stable；Sample span is kept constant；Fatigue fracture is reliable.
Embodiment two:
The present embodiment provides a kind of Three Points Bending Specimen, it is the examination in place of the difference of the present embodiment two and embodiment one
The high B of sample body 1 isAs shown in figure 4, tenuity leading edge 3 is arc rounded structure, so as to
The edge of enough simulated engine blade and turbine blade, the diameter D of fillet1For 0.5mm~1mm.
Embodiment three:
As shown in Figure 7,8, on the basis of Three Points Bending Specimen in embodiment one, two, in the stress raisers area
Domain 6 opens up U-type groove 9, the depth L of the U-type groove 93It is 0.2mm~0.5mm for 0.5mm~1mm, bottom radius r.
Using the method for the Three Points Bending Specimen test metallic material local performance in the present embodiment three, first close to such as
Foil gauge is pasted in the position in the stress raisers region of the preceding sample ontology, carries out three-point bending to the sample ontology
Experiment, under high-cycle fatigue load, the strain data in stress raisers region is passed to computer by foil gauge in real time, obtains gold
Belong to fatigue crack growth rate, anti-foreign object damage performance or the fatigue life parameter of material.
Using surface strengthening technology to local region of stress concentration carry out performance improvement, then again to the sample ontology into
Row three-point bending test obtains fatigue crack growth rate, the anti-foreign object damage of the metal material in stress raisers region
Parameter after the improvement of energy or fatigue life.
By taking TC17 alloy compressor blade as an example, first according to TC17 alloy compressor blade edge shape, design at 3 points
The sample ontology length size of bend specimen is respectively 102mm, 19mm, 9.5mm, and tenuity leading edge length is 63.5mm,
Sample span D, i.e. two supporting point P1、P2Spacing be 83mm, tenuity is up-front with a thickness of 0.75mm, two chamfered portions
Angle be 15 °.Sample region of stress concentration opens up U-type groove, and the depth of U-type groove is 0.9mm, bottom radius 0.2mm.It is U-shaped
The two-sided single-point of slot progress is successively laser impact intensified, and laser technical parameters are laser energy 30J, pulsewidth 15ns, square focus spot side
Long 4mm × 4mm.Test sample is divided into two groups: one groups using laser impact intensified sample, and another group of use be not laser impact intensified
Foil gauge is pasted in sample, the stress raisers region close to two groups of samples respectively.Two groups of samples are successively placed on tired fixture
In, on HF fatigue testing machine, using pulling fatigue experimental is drawn, fatigue crack propagation test is carried out to Three Points Bending Specimen, is obtained
TC17 alloy fatigue crack growth rate, fatigue strength and fatigue life, and simulation blade edge laser-impact it is strong
Change anti-FOD performance, fatigue test parameter: stress ratio R=0.1, fatigue life are 107 times, frequency 72Hz.
Obviously, above-described embodiment is only intended to clearly illustrate example, and does not limit the embodiments.For
For those of ordinary skill in the art, other various forms of variations or change can also be made on the basis of the above description
It is dynamic.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And obvious variation extended from this or change
It moves still within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of Three Points Bending Specimen, it is characterised in that: the sample ontology including rectangular-shape, at two of the sample ontology
Notch section is respectively arranged on opposite vertical side to form tenuity, two sides of the tenuity on sample ontology
Face includes chamfered portion and arcwall face part, and the upper end of the chamfered portion is connected to arcwall face part, and lower end meets at described
The lower end surface of sample ontology, the upper end of the arcwall face part meet at the vertical side of the sample ontology；The sample ontology
Long L be 100mm~200mm, wide H is 5mm~20mm, and high B isThe lower end of the tenuity,
That is up-front tenuity with a thickness of h is 0.5mm~1mm, and the angle αs of two chamfered portions is 5 °~25 °；The tenuity leading edge
The distance Y of neutral line apart from the tenuity is greater than 0.65B；Center on the length direction of the sample ontology is to sample ontology
Supporting point distance d be greater than 0.4L；The elongated surfaces of two chamfered portions intersect straight with the top surface of the sample ontology
The difference h of the distance between line and the wide H of the sample ontology1=3mm~5mm；The stress raisers of the sample ontology
The length L in region2Less than 1/10d, height B1Less than 1/10Y.
2. Three Points Bending Specimen as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: opened up in the stress raisers region U-shaped
Slot, the depth L of the U-type groove3It is 0.2mm~0.5mm for 0.5mm~1mm, bottom radius r.
3. a kind of Three Points Bending Specimen, it is characterised in that: the sample ontology including rectangular-shape, at two of the sample ontology
Notch section is respectively arranged on opposite vertical side to form tenuity, two sides of the tenuity on sample ontology
Face includes chamfered portion and arcwall face part, and the upper end of the chamfered portion is connected to arcwall face part, and lower end meets at described
The lower end surface of sample ontology, the upper end of the arcwall face part meet at the vertical side of the sample ontology；The sample ontology
Long L be 100mm~200mm, wide H is 5mm~20mm, and high B isThe lower end of the tenuity
Portion, i.e. tenuity leading edge are arc rounded structure, the diameter D of fillet1Angle α for 0.5mm~1mm, two chamfered portions is
5 °~25 °；The distance Y of neutral line of the tenuity leading edge apart from the tenuity is greater than 0.65B；The length of the sample ontology
The distance d of supporting point of center on direction to sample ontology is greater than 0.4L；The elongated surfaces of two chamfered portions with it is described
Difference h of the distance between the straight line of top surface intersection of sample ontology with the wide H of the sample ontology1=3mm~5mm；It is described
The length L in the stress raisers region of sample ontology2Less than 1/10d, height B1Less than 1/10Y.
4. Three Points Bending Specimen as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: opened up in the stress raisers region U-shaped
Slot, the depth L of the U-type groove3It is 0.2mm~0.5mm for 0.5mm~1mm, bottom radius r.
5. a kind of method for testing metallic material local performance, it is characterised in that: close to examination as claimed in claim 1 or 3
Foil gauge is pasted in the position in the stress raisers region of sample body, three-point bending test is carried out to the sample ontology, quiet
Under state load, the strain data in stress raisers region is passed to computer by foil gauge in real time, obtains the stress of metal material
Strain curve, to obtain the yield strength of the metal material in stress raisers region, elasticity modulus or tensile strength parameter；
Or under dynamic load, the strain data in stress raisers region is passed to computer by foil gauge in real time, obtains metal material
Fatigue stress-life curve, fatigue crack growth rate or the fatigue strength parameter of material.
6. the method for test metallic material local performance as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: use surface strengthening technology
Performance improvement is carried out to local region of stress concentration, three-point bending test then is carried out to the sample ontology again, obtains part
Yield strength, elasticity modulus, tensile strength parameter or the fatigue stress-life curve of the metal material of region of stress concentration,
Fatigue crack growth rate, fatigue strength improvement after parameter.
7. a kind of method for testing metallic material local performance, it is characterised in that: close to tool as claimed in claim 2 or 4
There is the position in the stress raisers region of the sample ontology of U-type groove to paste foil gauge, it is curved to 3 points of sample ontology progress
Song experiment, under high-cycle fatigue load, the strain data in stress raisers region is passed to computer by foil gauge in real time, is obtained
The fatigue crack growth rate of metal material, anti-foreign object damage performance or fatigue life parameter.
8. the method for test metallic material local performance as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that: use surface strengthening technology
Performance improvement is carried out to local region of stress concentration, three-point bending test then is carried out to the sample ontology again, obtains part
Join after the fatigue crack growth rate of the metal material of region of stress concentration, anti-foreign object damage performance or the improvement of fatigue life
Number.
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| CN110920931A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-03-27 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Static load and dynamic load separation method for flight test of rotating part |
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