CN109211562B - Method and device for detecting aging performance of lead storage battery safety valve - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting aging performance of lead storage battery safety valve Download PDFInfo
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- CN109211562B CN109211562B CN201811183653.2A CN201811183653A CN109211562B CN 109211562 B CN109211562 B CN 109211562B CN 201811183653 A CN201811183653 A CN 201811183653A CN 109211562 B CN109211562 B CN 109211562B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for detecting aging performance of a safety valve of a lead storage battery. The method of the invention tests the pressure change of the on-off valve of the safety valve under the condition of simulating the battery recycling, judges the aging condition of the safety valve by utilizing the pressure change ratio of the on-off valve, has more real and reliable result, can accurately reflect the actual aging condition of the safety valve, and provides more effective test means for material selection and batch inspection of the safety valve. The device is suitable for the method, the existing battery jar is used for detection after being modified and is matched with the safety valve, the use state of the safety valve is closer, and the detection result is more real and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lead storage battery detection, in particular to a method and a device for detecting aging performance of a safety valve of a lead storage battery.
Background
Lead storage batteries have been used for over 150 years and have a wide range of applications. In recent years, electric vehicles have been rapidly developed in China by virtue of their better mobility, lower storage space requirements and excellent price advantages, and the storage battery industry has also been rapidly developed.
The lead accumulator belongs to reversible DC power supply, and can convert chemical energy into electric energy and also convert electric energy into chemical energy. The lead storage battery mainly comprises electrolyte, a tank cover and a polar group, the electrolyte of the lead storage battery is sulfuric acid solution, the polar group mainly comprises a positive plate, a negative plate and a partition plate, and the partition plate mainly stores the electrolyte and serves as a gas channel for compounding oxygen to prevent active substances from falling off and prevent short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes.
The safety valve is one of the key parts of the valve-controlled lead-acid battery, once the safety valve is abnormal, the whole battery can be exhausted and fails, one of the functions of the safety valve is to control the internal pressure of a battery cell, when the internal air pressure is too high and reaches the valve opening value, the pressure can be released, and when the internal air pressure is lower than the valve closing value, the valve can be closed to maintain a certain internal pressure, so that the battery can be prevented from swelling, and the internal pressure can be maintained to promote oxygen recombination. The safety valve is made of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, has good ageing resistance, but under market competition, the performance is reduced or the safety valve is made of cheap common rubber, so that the performance of the safety valve is greatly reduced, and the service life of the battery is influenced. For example, chinese patent publication No. CN102721534A discloses a method and an apparatus for detecting the pressure of a safety valve of a storage battery, wherein the method comprises: adjusting the gas flow of the gas flowmeter and the output air pressure value of the gas source adjusting module, running the automatic control I/O module by the computer and the testing software, and simultaneously opening the exhaust valve and the intake valve to exhaust residual air pressure; and then installing the safety valve to be detected on a safety valve interface, completing one detection action through automatic operation of a computer, repeating the detection operation, comparing the circulating exhaust process and recording the detection record product mark. The device comprises a computer, test software, a signal line, an A/D module, an exhaust valve, a gas flowmeter, a pressure transmitter module, a four-way interface, a shell, a safety valve interface, an air inlet valve, an air source adjusting module, an air pipe, a power line, a power supply module and an I/O module.
For the problem that the service life of the safety valve is concerned by the industry, the aging test can be carried out by adopting an acid boiling test, and the aging test under a negative pressure state can also be carried out, for example, the Chinese patent with the publication number of CN105355994A discloses a safety valve aging detection method and a detection tool for a lead-acid storage battery, wherein the detection method randomly extracts six safety valves from one batch as detection sample pieces; installing each detection sample piece on a valve seat of a detection tool, and measuring and recording the valve opening pressure and the valve closing pressure before aging one by one; taking the detection sample pieces off the valve seat, smearing sulfuric acid solution on the inner wall of each detection sample piece, and then reinstalling each detection sample piece on the valve seat; vacuumizing each single lattice of the detection tool to-15 kPa; placing the detection tool at the temperature of 60 ℃ for five days, and cooling to room temperature; measuring and recording the first valve opening pressure, the second valve opening pressure and the second valve closing pressure after each detection sample piece is aged one by one, and taking the second valve opening pressure and the second valve closing pressure as the valve opening pressure and the valve closing pressure of the safety valve; and making a judgment according to the detection result. However, the safety valve of the lead-acid power battery which is used in a recycling manner is opened and closed frequently along with each use cycle, and the working condition of the safety valve cannot be truly reflected by adopting the aging test method, so that misjudgment is caused to influence the service life of the battery, and even a use accident is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the method and the device for detecting the aging performance of the safety valve of the lead storage battery, so that the aging performance of the safety valve under the actual working condition of the battery can be evaluated, the result is more real and reliable, and a more effective test means is provided for material selection and batch inspection of the safety valve.
A method for detecting the aging performance of a safety valve of a lead storage battery comprises the following steps:
(1) detecting the initial valve opening pressure and the valve closing pressure of a safety valve sample, wherein the initial valve opening pressure and the valve closing pressure are respectively K0And B0；
(2) Installing a safety valve sample on a valve seat of an empty battery cell cover filled with electrolyte inside to ensure that positive pressure and negative pressure are sequentially kept in the empty battery cell, wherein the positive pressure and the negative pressure are a cycle, and detecting the valve opening pressure K of the safety valve sample again after a plurality of cyclesnAnd valve closing pressure Bn；
(3) Calculating the rate of change of valve opening pressure and valve closing pressure respectively, wherein the rate of change eta of valve opening pressurek＝|K0-Kn|/K0Rate of change of valve closing pressure etaB＝|B0-Bn|/B0；
(4) When etakAnd ηBIf any value is more than 15%, the test is terminated, and if not, the steps (2) and (3) are repeated;
(5) and (4) judging the aging performance of the safety valve sample according to the times of repeating the steps (2) and (3).
Preferably, the positive pressure and the negative pressure in the step (2) are respectively maintained for 2-5 min each time.
Preferably, the circulation time in the step (2) is 80-100 times.
And (2) placing the empty battery tank at the temperature of 45-55 ℃ for positive pressure and negative pressure circulation.
In the step (2), the positive pressure value is 20-45 kPa, and the negative pressure value is-10 to-20 kPa.
An apparatus for detecting aging performance of a safety valve of a lead storage battery, comprising:
the battery jar comprises a trough body and a cover body which are mutually covered, and the cover body is provided with a valve seat for installing a safety valve;
the compressed air source is used for inflating air into the battery jar to ensure that the battery jar keeps positive pressure;
the vacuum pump is used for pumping air to the battery jar to keep the battery jar at negative pressure;
the gas-filled tube is respectively connected with a compressed gas source and the battery jar;
and the air exhaust pipe is respectively connected with the vacuum pump and the battery jar.
When the device is used, the dilute sulfuric acid solution with the specific gravity of 1.35-1.40 is filled in the battery jar, so that the actual use environment of the safety valve can be reflected, and the result is ensured to be more accurate.
The device also comprises a thermostat for placing the battery jar. During detection, the temperature of the thermostat is set to 45-55 ℃, the storage battery can generate heat in the use process, the actual condition of the safety valve can be more accurately reflected by slightly increasing the temperature, the aging of the safety valve can be accelerated, and the whole detection period is shortened.
The inflation tube is provided with a first pressure regulating valve; the exhaust tube is provided with a second pressure regulating valve. The pressure regulating valve is used for regulating the pressure used by the positive pressure and the negative pressure according to actual needs.
The inflation tube is provided with a first switch valve; the exhaust tube is provided with a second switch valve. The switch valve is arranged to ensure the switching between the positive pressure step and the negative pressure step through the opening and closing of the switch valve in the detection process.
The device also comprises a control system, wherein the control system respectively controls the opening and closing of the first switch valve and the second switch valve. The control system can automatically carry out the whole detection process, and the detection is more convenient.
The method of the invention tests the pressure change of the on-off valve of the safety valve under the condition of simulating the battery recycling, judges the aging condition of the safety valve by utilizing the pressure change ratio of the on-off valve, has more real and reliable result, can accurately reflect the actual aging condition of the safety valve, and provides more effective test means for material selection and batch inspection of the safety valve.
The device is suitable for the method, the existing battery jar is used for detection after being modified and is matched with the safety valve, the use state of the safety valve is closer, and the detection result is more real and reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an apparatus for detecting aging performance of a safety valve of a lead storage battery includes: battery jar, compressed air source 4, vacuum pump 5, gas tube 6 and exhaust tube 7.
The compressed air source 4 is used for charging air into the battery jar to keep the battery jar at positive pressure, and a steel bottle filled with compressed air can be used as the compressed air source 4; the vacuum pump 5 is used for pumping air to the battery jar, so that the battery jar keeps negative pressure. The compressed air source 4 and the vacuum pump 5 are switched to be used, so that positive pressure and negative pressure are kept in the battery jar at intervals, and the charging and discharging states of the storage battery in the actual use process are simulated. Two ends of the gas-filled tube 6 are respectively connected with the compressed gas source 4 and the battery jar; the two ends of the exhaust tube 7 are respectively connected with the vacuum pump 5 and the battery jar.
The battery jar includes cell body 1 and the lid 2 that closes each other, and lid 2 has the disk seat 3 that is used for installing relief valve 14, and the inner chamber of cell body 1 is cut apart into a plurality of cells by division board 13, during the use, needs to break through division board 13 to communicate each other between each cell of battery jar, the free circulation of gas between the cell of being convenient for.
Wherein two disk seats 3 are used for installing gas tube 6 and exhaust tube 7 respectively, and during the installation, need guarantee sealed the setting, can use sealed glue 3 whole sealings with disk seat. The rest valve seats 3 are used for installing safety valves 14 to be detected, a plurality of safety valves can be detected at one time, and only one safety valve can be left for detection after the rest valve seats 3 are sealed.
The inventive device also comprises an incubator 8 for placing the battery well. During detection, the temperature of the constant temperature box 8 is set to be 45-55 ℃, the storage battery can generate heat in the use process, the actual condition of the safety valve can be more accurately reflected by slightly increasing the temperature, the aging of the safety valve can be accelerated, and the whole detection period is shortened.
The gas-filled pipe 6 is provided with a first pressure regulating valve 9; the extraction duct 7 is provided with a second pressure regulating valve 10. The pressure regulating valve is used for regulating the pressure used by the positive pressure and the negative pressure according to actual needs. The inflation tube 6 is provided with a first switch valve 11; the suction pipe 7 is provided with a second on-off valve 12. The switch valve is arranged to ensure the switching between the positive pressure step and the negative pressure step through the opening and closing of the switch valve in the detection process.
The device also comprises a control system which respectively controls the opening and closing of the first switch valve 11 and the second switch valve 12. The control system can automatically carry out the whole detection process, and the detection is more convenient.
When the device is used, the dilute sulfuric acid solution with the specific gravity of 1.35-1.40 is filled in the battery jar, so that the actual use environment of the safety valve can be reflected, and the result is ensured to be more accurate.
Example 2
The test was carried out using the apparatus of example 1. The temperature setting of the incubator was 45 ℃.
The detection method comprises the following steps:
(1) detecting the initial valve opening pressure and the valve closing pressure of a safety valve sample, wherein the initial valve opening pressure and the valve closing pressure are respectively K0And B0；
(2) Installing a safety valve sample on a valve seat of a tank cover of an empty battery tank filled with electrolyte inside to ensure that positive pressure and negative pressure are sequentially kept in the empty battery tankSetting the positive pressure value to be 20kPa, setting the negative pressure value to be-10 kP, setting the positive pressure and the negative pressure for one cycle, respectively maintaining the positive pressure and the negative pressure for 5min each time, and detecting the valve opening pressure K of the safety valve sample again after 80 cyclesnAnd valve closing pressure Bn；
(3) Calculating the rate of change of valve opening pressure and valve closing pressure respectively, wherein the rate of change eta of valve opening pressurek＝|K0-Kn|/K0Rate of change of valve closing pressure etaB＝|B0-Bn|/B0；
(4) When etakAnd ηBIf any value is more than 15%, the test is terminated, and if not, the steps (2) and (3) are repeated;
(5) and (4) judging the aging performance of the safety valve sample according to the times of repeating the steps (2) and (3).
TABLE 1
The results are shown in table 1, three samples of three different materials are detected, and the test results in table 1 show that the initial on-off valve pressure values of the three samples are basically equivalent, but after aging tests, the class I sample is obviously superior to the class II and the class III samples, which indicates that the class I safety valve has the best aging resistance.
Example 3
The test was carried out using the apparatus of example 1. The thermostat was set to a temperature of 55 ℃.
The detection method comprises the following steps:
(1) detecting the initial valve opening pressure and the valve closing pressure of a safety valve sample, wherein the initial valve opening pressure and the valve closing pressure are respectively K0And B0；
(2) Installing a safety valve sample on a valve seat of an empty battery groove cover filled with electrolyte inside to enable positive pressure and negative pressure to be kept in the empty battery groove in sequence, setting the positive pressure value to be 45kPa, setting the negative pressure value to be-20 kPa, setting the positive pressure and the negative pressure to be a cycle, respectively maintaining the positive pressure and the negative pressure for 2min each time, and detecting the opening of the safety valve sample again after 100 cyclesValve pressure KnAnd valve closing pressure Bn；
(3) Calculating the rate of change of valve opening pressure and valve closing pressure respectively, wherein the rate of change eta of valve opening pressurek＝|K0-Kn|/K0Rate of change of valve closing pressure etaB＝|B0-Bn|/B0；
(4) When etakAnd ηBIf any value is more than 15%, the test is terminated, and if not, the steps (2) and (3) are repeated;
(5) and (4) judging the aging performance of the safety valve sample according to the times of repeating the steps (2) and (3).
TABLE 2
The three samples of three different materials are detected together, and the test results in table 2 show that the initial on-off valve pressure values of the three samples are basically equivalent, but after the aging test, the VI sample is obviously superior to the IV sample and the V sample, which indicates that the VI safety valve has the optimal aging resistance.
Claims (5)
1. A method for detecting the aging performance of a safety valve of a lead storage battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) detecting the initial valve opening pressure and the valve closing pressure of a safety valve sample, wherein the initial valve opening pressure and the valve closing pressure are respectively K0And B0；
(2) Installing a safety valve sample on a valve seat of an empty battery cell cover filled with electrolyte inside to ensure that positive pressure and negative pressure are sequentially kept in the empty battery cell, wherein the positive pressure and the negative pressure are a cycle, and detecting the valve opening pressure K of the safety valve sample again after a plurality of cyclesnAnd valve closing pressure Bn；
(3) Calculating the rate of change of valve opening pressure and valve closing pressure respectively, wherein the rate of change eta of valve opening pressurek＝|K0-Kn|/K0Rate of change of valve closing pressure etaB＝|B0-Bn|/B0；
(4) When etakAnd ηBIf any value is more than 15%, the test is terminated, and if not, the steps (2) and (3) are repeated;
(5) judging the aging performance of the safety valve sample according to the times of repeating the steps (2) and (3),
in the step (2), the positive pressure and the negative pressure are respectively maintained for 2-5 min each time,
the cycle number in the step (2) is 80-100,
in the step (2), the empty battery tank is placed at the temperature of 45-55 ℃ to carry out positive pressure and negative pressure circulation,
in the step (2), the positive pressure value is 20-45 kPa, the negative pressure value is-10 to-20 kPa,
the device for detecting the aging performance of the safety valve of the lead storage battery comprises:
the battery jar comprises a trough body and a cover body which are mutually covered, and the cover body is provided with a valve seat for installing a safety valve;
the compressed air source is used for inflating air into the battery jar to ensure that the battery jar keeps positive pressure;
the vacuum pump is used for pumping air to the battery jar to keep the battery jar at negative pressure;
the gas-filled tube is respectively connected with a compressed gas source and the battery jar;
and the air exhaust pipe is respectively connected with the vacuum pump and the battery jar.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the device further comprises an incubator for placing a battery well.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fill tube is provided with a first pressure regulating valve; the exhaust tube is provided with a second pressure regulating valve.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the gas-filled tube is provided with a first on-off valve; the exhaust tube is provided with a second switch valve.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the apparatus further comprises a control system that controls the opening and closing of the first and second on-off valves, respectively.
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| CN110057571A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-26 | 超威电源有限公司 | A kind of detection device and method of electric boosted automobile-used Capsule formula safety valve |
| CN113054271A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-06-29 | 北京车和家信息技术有限公司 | Method and device for detecting safety state of battery |
| CN112924166B (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2023-01-06 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Overflow valve fault detection method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN113532842A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-10-22 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Method for testing pressure-resistant service life of explosion-proof valve for lithium battery |
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| CN205898422U (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-01-18 | 广州市远佳集装箱服务有限公司 | Check out test set of international standard relief valve for jar |
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