CN109210956B - Industrial furnace flue gas waste heat cascade condensation utilization and desulfurization and denitrification integrated system - Google Patents

Industrial furnace flue gas waste heat cascade condensation utilization and desulfurization and denitrification integrated system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109210956B
CN109210956B CN201811219686.8A CN201811219686A CN109210956B CN 109210956 B CN109210956 B CN 109210956B CN 201811219686 A CN201811219686 A CN 201811219686A CN 109210956 B CN109210956 B CN 109210956B
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flue gas
heat exchanger
industrial furnace
desulfurization
denitration
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CN109210956A (en
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付玲君
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Shanghai Fuwang Furnace Co ltd
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Shanghai Fuwang Furnace Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/08—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/008—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases cleaning gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/10—Catalytic reduction devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention discloses an industrial furnace flue gas waste heat cascade condensation utilization and desulfurization and denitrification integrated system which is arranged corresponding to an industrial furnace, wherein the upper end part of the industrial furnace is provided with a convection heat exchange section, and the convection heat exchange section comprises a chemical fertilizer dissolving tank, a conveying pump, a solution tank, a metering and distributing device, a pyrolyzer, a dilution fan heater, a flue gas denitrification heat exchanger, a booster fan, an air fan, a multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger, a condensation heat exchanger, a neutralization reaction tank, an alkali liquid pool, a flue gas heater and a chimney. The invention has the following advantages: the flue gas waste heat recovery is large, the organic combination of flue gas waste heat utilization and desulfurization and denitrification reaction is realized, the space and the site occupation are reduced, the fuel consumption is reduced, the comprehensive thermal efficiency of industrial aluminum is improved, the zero emission of smoke particles is achieved, the phenomenon of 'white smoke' of a chimney is eliminated, the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved, visual pollution is eliminated, and the four-effect integration of energy conservation, emission reduction, water conservation and steam conservation is realized, so that the application range is wide.

Description

Industrial furnace flue gas waste heat cascade condensation utilization and desulfurization and denitrification integrated system
Technical Field
The invention relates to an industrial furnace flue gas waste heat gradient condensation utilization and desulfurization and denitrification integrated system.
Background
The desulfurization and the denitration which are applied at present are two independent systems. And the reaction temperatures required are different from each other.
The conventional denitration system generally adopts an SCR denitration system, and the temperature range of the reaction is 250-590 ℃. The desulfurization reaction temperature is 50-60 ℃.
In a conventional desulfurization system, the temperature of the flue gas entering a desulfurization tower is generally about 120-150 ℃, and the temperature of desulfurization reaction is required to be 50-60 ℃, so that the flue gas needs to be cooled by a large amount of precious water, and the water content of the flue gas is large when the flue gas is finally discharged to a chimney. If the flue gas is not reheated, a wet chimney phenomenon is generated, corrosion damage is caused to the chimney, potential safety hazard is caused, and safety production is affected; and the products generated by the reaction of the desulfurizing agent carried in the flue gas and SOx in the flue gas can condense and fall near the outlet of the chimney to form mud rain, and the environmental pollution is also caused. The phenomenon of chimney 'white smoke' causing visual pollution is formed by carrying a large amount of water vapor and water in the desulfurized flue gas.
Conventional denitration systems typically employ SCR denitration systems. The temperature of the reaction zone is 250-590 ℃. Is the most effective denitration method at present, and the denitration efficiency can reach 95 percent.
The existing desulfurization and SCR denitration system is an independent system, has large occupied area, high requirements on site space, large one-time investment and high operation and running cost, is easy to form secondary pollution, is a system which is added for reaching the standard of environment-friendly emission, and does not consider comprehensive utilization of flue gas waste heat.
Industrial furnaces widely used in industries such as petroleum refining, petrochemical industry, chemistry, chemical fiber, metallurgical steel, glass ceramic building materials and the like are provided with waste heat recovery systems, and generally an air preheater is adopted to exchange heat between smoke at 300-450 ℃ from the industrial furnace and air for normal-temperature combustion, reduce the temperature of smoke exhaust, improve the temperature of combustion air and recover waste heat of the smoke.
The general exhaust gas temperature is 120-200 ℃, and the thermal efficiency is about 85-92%. A large amount of physical sensible heat in the flue gas is still not effectively utilized.
Meanwhile, because the flue gas generated by burning the fuel contains a large amount of water vapor (the content is 10-20%), the vaporization latent heat (about 10 percent of the low heat value of the fuel) is discharged along with the flue gas, so that a great amount of energy waste is caused.
And under low thermal efficiency, the smoke emission is large, the pollutant emission concentration is high, and the environmental pollution is serious.
One important factor limiting the reduction of the exhaust gas temperature and the improvement of the thermal efficiency is the problem of the dew point corrosion of the flue gas of the equipment and the pipelines.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the industrial furnace flue gas waste heat cascade condensation and desulfurization and denitrification integrated system which has the advantages of large flue gas waste heat recovery, realization of organic combination of flue gas waste heat utilization and desulfurization and denitrification reaction, reduction of space and site occupation, reduction of fuel consumption, improvement of comprehensive thermal efficiency of industrial aluminum, zero emission of smoke particles, elimination of the phenomenon of 'white smoke' of a chimney, energy conservation and emission reduction, elimination of visual pollution, energy conservation, emission reduction, water conservation and steam conservation.
The technical proposal of the invention is that an industrial furnace flue gas waste heat cascade condensation utilization and desulfurization and denitrification integrated system is arranged corresponding to an industrial furnace, the upper end part of the industrial furnace is provided with a convection heat exchange section, which comprises a chemical fertilizer dissolving tank, a delivery pump, a solution tank, a metering and distributing device, a pyrolyzer, a dilution blower heater, a flue gas denitrification heat exchanger, a booster blower, an air blower, a multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger, a condensing heat exchanger, a neutralization reaction tank, an alkali liquid tank, a flue gas heater and a chimney, the chemical fertilizer dissolving tank, the delivery pump, the solution tank, the metering and distributing device and the pyrolyzer are arranged corresponding to each other in sequence, the metering and distributing device is arranged corresponding to the pyrolyzer through an ammonia nozzle, the pyrolyzer is arranged corresponding to the furnace mouth of the industrial furnace through the ammonia nozzle, the industrial furnace and the pyrolyzer are respectively arranged corresponding to the flue gas channel inlets of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger through the ammonia nozzle and the standby catalyst layer, the flue gas channel outlets of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger are respectively arranged corresponding to the flue gas channel inlets of the multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger through the booster fan, the flue gas channel outlets of the multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger are respectively arranged corresponding to the flue gas channel inlets of the condensing heat exchanger, the flue gas channel outlets of the condensing heat exchanger are respectively arranged corresponding to the neutralization reaction tank, the cold fluid channel outlets of the multi-strand cold medium heat exchanger are respectively arranged corresponding to the cold fluid channel inlets of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger through the demister, and the cold fluid channel outlets of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger are respectively arranged corresponding to the ammonia nozzle of the tail flue of the industrial furnace and the cold fluid channel of the diluting fan heater.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pyrolyzer is further disposed corresponding to an inlet of a flue gas channel of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pyrolyzer is further disposed corresponding to the inlet of the flue gas channel of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger through an ammonia nozzle.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cold fluid channel inlet of the multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger is further provided with an air blower.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cold fluid channel inlet and the cold fluid channel outlet of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger are also correspondingly arranged through a flue gas temperature compensation pipeline.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the alkali liquor tank is arranged corresponding to the inlet of the flue gas channel of the condensing heat exchanger through an alkali nozzle by a transfusion pipeline with a pump.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the neck of the industrial furnace is communicated with the flue gas channel of the dilution blower heater and is arranged corresponding to the standby catalyst layer.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the booster fan is further disposed corresponding to a flue gas channel inlet of the flue gas heater, and at this time, a flue gas channel outlet of the flue gas heater is further disposed corresponding to a flue gas channel outlet of the multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger.
The invention discloses an industrial furnace flue gas waste heat cascade condensation utilization and desulfurization and denitrification integrated system, which has the following advantages:
1. the system realizes cascade condensation and utilization of the flue gas waste heat and furthest recovers the flue gas waste heat;
2. the system realizes the organic combination of flue gas waste heat utilization, desulfurization and denitrification reaction;
3. the system is arranged at the tail smoke outlet of the industrial furnace, can be cut out from the system at any time, and does not influence the normal production operation of the industrial furnace body system;
4. the method can be used for on-line construction, and is particularly suitable for the system transformation of the existing industrial furnace;
5. in the air preheater with the denitration catalyst, heat exchange and denitration reaction are carried out simultaneously, so that heat exchange and denitration integration is realized, and space and field occupation are reduced. The catalyst is convenient to replace, and normal production is not affected;
6. sensible heat and most of water vapor latent heat in low-temperature flue gas at 120-200 ℃ are recovered, so that fuel consumption is reduced, flue gas condensate water can be used as raw water of a boiler system after preliminary treatment, water resource consumption is reduced, and the comprehensive thermal efficiency of an industrial furnace is improved;
7. by adopting special materials and structures, the dew point corrosion and acid-base corrosion problems are solved. The service life of system equipment and components is ensured;
8. the cascade condensation utilization of the flue gas waste heat and the desulfurization and denitrification integration are realized, the zero emission of smoke dust particles is achieved, and the phenomenon of 'white smoke' of a chimney is eliminated;
9. the denitration efficiency is more than or equal to 90 percent; the NOx emission concentration can reach 10-20 mg/m 3 The following are provided;
10. the desulfurization efficiency is more than or equal to 90 percent;
11. the emission of smoke dust particles is basically zero;
12, no additional desulfurizing tower is needed; the water for cooling the flue gas, which is needed for meeting the desulfurization reaction temperature, is not needed to be consumed, so that the water is saved; the consumption of alkali liquor used in the desulfurization reaction is reduced;
13. the flue gas is further cooled (cooled to 30-60 ℃) by a flue gas condenser, most of water vapor in the flue gas is condensed, the water vapor content in the flue gas is reduced, and most of SOx can be dissolved and absorbed by the condensate, and smoke dust particles in the flue gas are adsorbed; if necessary, a desulfurization alkali liquor nozzle system can be arranged in the flue gas condenser to achieve better desulfurization efficiency and better purify the flue gas;
14. the flue gas condensation heat exchange and desulfurization reaction are carried out in one device, and the device does not need to be arranged respectively, so that the occupied area is reduced, and the investment is saved;
15. the refrigerant heated in the flue gas condensing heat exchanger can be boiler softened water. Before entering a thermal deaerator, softened water from a boiler water system is heated to 60-90 ℃ in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger and then is sent into the boiler thermal deaerator to deaerate, so that deaerated steam consumption is reduced;
16. the demister is arranged to catch water droplets in the flue gas and reduce water in the form of mist droplets in the discharged flue gas;
17. the smoke temperature rising device heats cold smoke, so that the diffusion capacity of the smoke is increased, the pollutant concentration in a local area near a chimney is reduced (if the pollutant concentration and the water vapor content in the smoke are very low, the smoke temperature rising device can not be arranged), and a heat source used for heating the smoke can also adopt an external heat source to heat the smoke;
18. the purposes of gradient condensation utilization of the waste heat of the flue gas, desulfurization, denitrification, dedusting, mist removal and white smoke removal can be achieved, zero emission of ultra-clean pollutants of the flue gas can be achieved, production safety is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the purposes of energy conservation, emission reduction and visual pollution elimination are achieved;
19. energy saving, emission reduction, water saving and steam saving are combined into a whole;
20. the system is simple, the occupied area is small, the primary investment is small, and the operation cost is low;
21. can be widely applied to industrial furnace systems in various small and medium-sized boilers, industries of petroleum refining, petrochemical industry, chemical fiber, metallurgical steel, glass ceramic building materials and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an industrial furnace flue gas waste heat cascade condensation utilization and desulfurization and denitrification integrated system in a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an industrial furnace flue gas waste heat cascade condensation utilization and desulfurization and denitrification integrated system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an industrial furnace flue gas waste heat gradient condensation and desulfurization and denitrification integrated system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is provided to enable those skilled in the art to more readily understand the advantages and features of the invention and to make a clear and concise definition of the scope of the invention.
The invention discloses an industrial furnace flue gas waste heat cascade condensation utilization and desulfurization and denitrification integrated system, which is shown in figure 1, and is arranged corresponding to an industrial furnace 1, wherein the upper end part of the industrial furnace 1 is provided with a convection heat exchange section 2, the convection heat exchange section comprises a chemical fertilizer dissolving tank 3, a delivery pump 4, a solution tank 5, a metering and distributing device 6, a pyrolyzer 7, a dilution fan 8, a dilution fan heater 9, a flue gas denitrification heat exchanger 10, a booster fan 11, an air fan 12, a multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger 13, a condensation heat exchanger 14, a neutralization reaction tank 15, a lye tank 16, a flue gas heater 17 and a chimney 18, the chemical fertilizer dissolving tank 3, the delivery pump 4, the solution tank 5, the metering and distributing device 6 and the pyrolyzer 7 are sequentially arranged corresponding to the pyrolyzer 7 through an ammonia nozzle 19, the pyrolyzer 7 is arranged corresponding to the furnace mouth of the industrial furnace 1 through the ammonia nozzle 6, the industrial furnace 1 and the pyrolyzer 7 are respectively arranged corresponding to the flue gas channel inlets of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger 10 through the ammonia nozzle 6 and the standby catalyst layer 20, the flue gas channel outlets of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger 10 are respectively arranged corresponding to the flue gas channel inlets of the multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger 13 through the booster fan 11, the flue gas channel outlets of the multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger 13 are respectively arranged corresponding to the flue gas channel inlets of the condensing heat exchanger 14, the flue gas channel outlets of the condensing heat exchanger 14 are respectively arranged corresponding to the neutralization reaction tank 15, the cold fluid channel of the flue gas heater 17 through the demister 21 is respectively arranged corresponding to the chimney 18, the cold fluid channel inlets of the multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger 13 are respectively provided with the air blower 12, the cold fluid channel outlets of the multi-strand cold medium heat exchanger 13 are respectively arranged corresponding to the cold fluid channel inlets of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger 10, the cold fluid channel outlet of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger 10 is arranged corresponding to an ammonia nozzle 19 of a tail flue of the industrial furnace 1, the cold fluid channel of the dilution fan heater 9 is also arranged corresponding to the pyrolyzer 7 through the dilution fan 8, the cold fluid channel inlet and the cold fluid channel outlet of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger 10 are also arranged corresponding to a flue gas temperature compensation pipeline 22, and the alkali liquid pool 16 is arranged corresponding to the flue gas channel inlet of the condensation heat exchanger 14 through an alkali nozzle 25 by a liquid conveying pipeline 24 with a pump 23.
Example 1
The booster fan 11 is also arranged corresponding to the flue gas channel inlet of the flue gas heater 17, at this time, the flue gas channel outlet of the flue gas heater 17 is also arranged corresponding to the flue gas channel outlets of the multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger 13, and the neck of the industrial furnace 1 is communicated with the flue gas channel of the dilution fan heater 9 and is arranged corresponding to the standby catalyst layer 20.
Example two
As shown in fig. 2, the pyrolyzer 7 is also arranged corresponding to the inlet of the flue gas channel of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger 10.
Example III
As shown in fig. 3, the pyrolyzer 7 is also arranged corresponding to the inlet of the flue gas channel of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger 10 through an ammonia nozzle 19.
The flow of the system is as follows:
1.1. the flue gas with the temperature of 300-450 ℃ from the industrial furnace body system enters a flue gas denitration heat exchanger (the flue gas side of a heat exchange element of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger is coated with a denitration catalyst, or a flue gas side channel of the heat exchange element of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger is filled with a denitration catalyst, or the flue gas side of the heat exchange element of the flue gas of the industrial furnace is filled with a denitration catalyst), and the flue gas temperature of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger is reduced to 150-200 ℃ with low-temperature hot air from a multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger;
1.2. simultaneously, solid fertilizer (urea) is dissolved in a fertilizer dissolving tank, the solid fertilizer (urea) is conveyed into a solution tank through a conveying pump, the solution enters a pyrolyzer through a metering and distributing device, then the solution undergoes pyrolysis reaction under the action of air at 500-600 ℃ from a dilution air heater to generate ammonia-containing pyrolysis gas, the ammonia-containing pyrolysis gas enters an ammonia nozzle system arranged in an upstream flue of a flue gas denitration heat exchanger, or arranged in a tail flue of an industrial furnace, or arranged in a reserved pipe row space of the industrial furnace, or in order to ensure the mixing efficiency of ammonia, the ammonia nozzle system is arranged at a plurality of positions, the ammonia nozzle system is uniformly mixed with flue gas under the action of a mixing distributor, and then enters a catalyst layer arranged in the flue gas denitration heat exchanger, and the ammonia-containing pyrolysis gas and NOx undergo denitration reaction under the action of a catalyst to generate N 2 And H 2 The concentration of O and NOx can be reduced to 10-20 mg/m 3 The following are provided;
1.3. the low-temperature flue gas with the temperature reduced to 150-200 ℃ enters a multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger to exchange heat with refrigerants (including air) in the multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger after being boosted by a booster fan, and the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 60-100 ℃;
the flue gas at 1.4.60-100 ℃ enters a condensation heat exchanger to exchange heat with a refrigerant, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 30-60 ℃, most of water vapor (60% -80%) in the flue gas is condensed into water, and the condensed water dissolves and absorbs SOx in the flue gas and adsorbs smoke dust particles in the flue gas; condensed water is discharged into a neutralization reaction tank through a pipeline to perform neutralization reaction with alkaline substances in the tank, and the reacted liquid is discharged into a sewage system to be treated and discharged uniformly, or is conveyed to a subsequent recycling treatment system to be subjected to recycling treatment (for example, the condensed water is sent into a boiler water treatment system to be used as raw water, so that water is saved). If necessary, arranging a desulfurization alkali liquor nozzle system in the condensing heat exchanger to achieve better desulfurization efficiency;
1.5. purified flue gas (removing most NOx, SOx, H O, dust particles and partial CO) at 30-60 ℃ from the condensing heat exchanger 2 ) Through the defroster that sets up to catch the water droplet in the flue gas, reduce the water that the fog droplet form exists in the flue gas. The demister is provided with a cleaning facility, and the demisting performance of the demister is kept.
1.6. And (3) enabling the cold smoke at 30-60 ℃ from the demister to enter a smoke heater for heat exchange with hot smoke at 150-200 ℃ from an industrial furnace, heating to 60-90 ℃, and entering a chimney for discharging into the atmosphere. And cooling the hot flue gas to 80-100 ℃ and entering the inlet of the condensing heat exchanger to participate in the subsequent heat exchange process.
The dilution air can be led out from the outlet of the cold fluid channel of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger to the dilution air heater; the dilution wind heater can also be directly introduced from the atmosphere; the air can be led out from an air outlet in the multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger to a dilution air heater; the refrigerant exchanging heat with the flue gas in the multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger can be air for fuel combustion, low-temperature water, gaseous fuel, liquid fuel or any other liquid or gas needing heating or any two or more refrigerants thereof.
When the refrigerant is combustion air, the heated cold air enters the industrial furnace combustion system through an air pipeline for fuel combustion.
When the refrigerant is fuel, the heated fuel enters the industrial furnace combustion system through the fuel pipeline for combustion.
Other refrigerants enter and exit the multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger according to the flow requirements.
The refrigerant exchanging heat with the flue gas in the condensing heat exchanger can be normal temperature or low temperature softened water, circulating cooling water or other low temperature cold fluid or any one or combination of two or more refrigerants.
If the water is softened, the softened water is heated and then sent to a boiler thermal deoxidization system for deoxidization, so that the consumption of high-quality steam for deoxidization is reduced, and the purposes of saving energy and steam are achieved.
The low-temperature refrigerant enters and exits the multi-strand refrigerant heat exchange system according to the flow requirement.
The flue gas denitration heat exchanger in the system is a plate heat exchanger, and the flue gas side of the heat transfer element is coated with a denitration catalyst and/or the flue gas channel is filled with the denitration catalyst, so that denitration reaction and heat exchange can be carried out simultaneously. The catalyst is provided with high-temperature, medium-temperature and low-temperature catalysts which are suitable according to the temperature of flue gas of each part of the equipment and the interval and gradient of the wall temperature of the heat exchange plate.
The heat exchange equipment in the multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger, the condensing heat exchanger and the flue gas heater in the system is a composite (or fluoroplastic) plate type or composite (or fluoroplastic) tube type heat exchanger or a combination of a composite (or fluoroplastic) plate type and a composite (or fluoroplastic) tube type. Is characterized in that the acid and alkali corrosion resistance problem of the equipment is solved from the material and structure, and the service life is ensured. And the leakage rate is basically zero due to the special structure and the special manufacturing process. The heat exchange efficiency and the use safety are ensured.
The heat exchange element of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger can be a flat plate or a pressed corrugated plate, and the material can be carbon steel, stainless steel, ND steel, cook steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and the like.
The composite board can be a flat board or a pressed corrugated board, and the base material can be carbon steel, stainless steel, ND steel, coden steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and the like.
The fluoroplastic plate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene or modified polytetrafluoroethylene.
The composite tube can be a composite light tube or a composite fin tube, and the base material can be carbon steel, stainless steel, ND steel, coden steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and the like.
The fluorine plastic pipe is polytetrafluoroethylene or modified polytetrafluoroethylene.
The invention discloses an industrial furnace flue gas waste heat cascade condensation utilization and desulfurization and denitrification integrated system, which has the following advantages:
1. the system realizes cascade condensation and utilization of the flue gas waste heat and furthest recovers the flue gas waste heat;
2. the system realizes the organic combination of flue gas waste heat utilization, desulfurization and denitrification reaction;
3. the system is arranged at the tail smoke outlet of the industrial furnace, can be cut out from the system at any time, and does not influence the normal production operation of the industrial furnace body system;
4. the method can be used for on-line construction, and is particularly suitable for the system transformation of the existing industrial furnace;
5. in the air preheater with the denitration catalyst, heat exchange and denitration reaction are carried out simultaneously, so that heat exchange and denitration integration is realized, and space and field occupation are reduced. The catalyst is convenient to replace, and normal production is not affected;
6. sensible heat and most of water vapor latent heat in low-temperature flue gas at 120-200 ℃ are recovered, so that fuel consumption is reduced, flue gas condensate water can be used as raw water of a boiler system after preliminary treatment, water resource consumption is reduced, and the comprehensive thermal efficiency of an industrial furnace is improved;
7. by adopting special materials and structures, the dew point corrosion and acid-base corrosion problems are solved. The service life of system equipment and components is ensured;
8. the cascade condensation utilization of the flue gas waste heat and the desulfurization and denitrification integration are realized, the zero emission of smoke dust particles is achieved, and the phenomenon of 'white smoke' of a chimney is eliminated;
9. the denitration efficiency is more than or equal to 90 percent; the NOx emission concentration can reach 10-20 mg/m 3 The following are provided;
10. the desulfurization efficiency is more than or equal to 90 percent;
11. the emission of smoke dust particles is basically zero;
12, no additional desulfurizing tower is needed; the water for cooling the flue gas, which is needed for meeting the desulfurization reaction temperature, is not needed to be consumed, so that the water is saved; the consumption of alkali liquor used in the desulfurization reaction is reduced;
13. the flue gas is further cooled (cooled to 30-60 ℃) by a flue gas condenser, most of water vapor in the flue gas is condensed, the water vapor content in the flue gas is reduced, and most of SOx can be dissolved and absorbed by the condensate, and smoke dust particles in the flue gas are adsorbed; if necessary, a desulfurization alkali liquor nozzle system can be arranged in the flue gas condenser to achieve better desulfurization efficiency and better purify the flue gas;
14. the flue gas condensation heat exchange and desulfurization reaction are carried out in one device, and the device does not need to be arranged respectively, so that the occupied area is reduced, and the investment is saved;
15. the refrigerant heated in the flue gas condensing heat exchanger can be boiler softened water. Before entering a thermal deaerator, softened water from a boiler water system is heated to 60-90 ℃ in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger and then is sent into the boiler thermal deaerator to deaerate, so that deaerated steam consumption is reduced;
16. the demister is arranged to catch water droplets in the flue gas and reduce water in the form of mist droplets in the discharged flue gas;
17. the smoke temperature rising device heats cold smoke, so that the diffusion capacity of the smoke is increased, the pollutant concentration in a local area near a chimney is reduced (if the pollutant concentration and the water vapor content in the smoke are very low, the smoke temperature rising device can not be arranged), and a heat source used for heating the smoke can also adopt an external heat source to heat the smoke;
18. the purposes of gradient condensation utilization of the waste heat of the flue gas, desulfurization, denitrification, dedusting, mist removal and white smoke removal can be achieved, zero emission of ultra-clean pollutants of the flue gas can be achieved, production safety is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the purposes of energy conservation, emission reduction and visual pollution elimination are achieved;
19. energy saving, emission reduction, water saving and steam saving are combined into a whole;
20. the system is simple, the occupied area is small, the primary investment is small, and the operation cost is low;
21. can be widely applied to industrial furnace systems in various small and medium-sized boilers, industries of petroleum refining, petrochemical industry, chemical fiber, metallurgical steel, glass ceramic building materials and the like.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.

Claims (5)

1. Industrial furnace flue gas waste heat cascade condensation utilizes and SOx/NOx control integrated system, corresponds the setting with industrial furnace, industrial furnace's upper end sets up to convection heat exchange section, its characterized in that: the device comprises a chemical fertilizer dissolving tank, a delivery pump, a solution tank, a metering and distributing device, a pyrolyzer, a dilution fan heater, a flue gas denitration heat exchanger, a booster fan, an air fan, a plurality of refrigerant heat exchangers, a condensation heat exchanger, a neutralization reaction tank, an alkali liquid pool, a flue gas heater and a chimney, wherein the chemical fertilizer dissolving tank, the delivery pump, the solution tank, the metering and distributing device and the pyrolyzer are sequentially and correspondingly arranged, the metering and distributing device is correspondingly arranged with the pyrolyzer through an ammonia nozzle, the pyrolyzer is correspondingly arranged with a furnace mouth of an industrial furnace through the ammonia nozzle, the industrial furnace and the pyrolyzer are respectively arranged with a flue gas channel inlet of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger through an ammonia nozzle and through a standby catalyst layer, a flue gas channel outlet of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger is correspondingly arranged with a flue gas channel inlet of the booster fan, a flue gas channel outlet of the condensation heat exchanger is correspondingly arranged with a flue gas channel inlet of the condensation heat exchanger, a flue gas channel outlet of the condensation heat exchanger is correspondingly arranged with the cold flow channel of the neutralization reaction tank, and a cold flow channel of the demister is correspondingly arranged with the flue gas channel of the industrial furnace through the cold flow heat exchanger, and the cold flow channel of the cold flow heat exchanger is correspondingly arranged with the evaporator of the cold flow heat exchanger through the cold flow channel of the evaporator through the ammonia nozzle;
the cold fluid channel inlet and the cold fluid channel outlet of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger are also correspondingly arranged through a flue gas temperature compensation pipeline, the alkali liquor tank is correspondingly arranged with the flue gas channel inlet of the condensation heat exchanger through an alkali nozzle by a transfusion pipeline with a pump, and the neck of the industrial furnace is communicated with the flue gas channel of the dilution fan heater and is correspondingly arranged with the standby catalyst layer;
the flue gas side of the heat exchange element of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger is coated with a denitration catalyst, and a flue gas side channel is filled with the denitration catalyst.
2. The industrial furnace flue gas waste heat cascade condensation utilization and desulfurization and denitrification integrated system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the pyrolyzer is also arranged corresponding to the inlet of the flue gas channel of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger.
3. The industrial furnace flue gas waste heat cascade condensation utilization and desulfurization and denitrification integrated system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the pyrolyzer is also arranged corresponding to the inlet of the flue gas channel of the flue gas denitration heat exchanger through an ammonia nozzle.
4. The industrial furnace flue gas waste heat cascade condensation utilization and desulfurization and denitrification integrated system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and an air fan is correspondingly arranged at the inlet of the cold fluid channel of the multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger.
5. The industrial furnace flue gas waste heat cascade condensation utilization and desulfurization and denitrification integrated system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the booster fan is also arranged corresponding to the flue gas channel inlet of the flue gas heater, and at the moment, the flue gas channel outlet of the flue gas heater is also arranged corresponding to the flue gas channel outlets of the multi-strand refrigerant heat exchanger.
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CN114216346B (en) * 2021-12-23 2023-11-03 中冶南方（武汉）热工有限公司 Cascade recycling system and method for waste heat of cold-rolled stainless steel annealing furnace

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