CN109209770A - Wind turbines Contrast tuned imaging system - Google Patents
Wind turbines Contrast tuned imaging system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109209770A CN109209770A CN201811298172.6A CN201811298172A CN109209770A CN 109209770 A CN109209770 A CN 109209770A CN 201811298172 A CN201811298172 A CN 201811298172A CN 109209770 A CN109209770 A CN 109209770A
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
- F03D7/043—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the type of control logic
- F03D7/045—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the type of control logic with model-based controls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0204—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for orientation in relation to wind direction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
- F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
- F03D7/043—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the type of control logic
- F03D7/046—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the type of control logic with learning or adaptive control, e.g. self-tuning, fuzzy logic or neural network
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
- F03D7/047—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the controller architecture, e.g. multiple processors or data communications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/32—Wind speeds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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Abstract
The invention proposes a kind of Contrast tuned imaging systems applied in wind power control system.The present invention passes through design and realization based on PLC controller progress FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL, FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL is applied in paddle change system of wind turbines, the shortcomings that devising the propeller pitch angle that FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL is adjusted for converting according to wind speed, preferably overcoming control system under windy condition.Control program is write using PLC and monitoring interface is designed, makes control system real time implementation, intelligence, while keeping staff's operation easier；And the control system based on PLC Yu Win CC software is devised, realize the real-time monitoring and intelligent control of Wind turbines.Building, the design of Fuzzy control system, controlling overall system design and Design of Monitoring and Control System comprising wind speed, Wind turbines and magneto alternator mathematical model.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of wind power generation, especially a kind of real-time monitoring applied in wind power control system with
Intelligence control system.
Background technique
Under the background that global energy is in short supply, environmental pollution and the problems such as climate change are increasingly serious, new energy technology is obtained
The great attention of international community is arrived.Wind-power electricity generation is very significant for economizing on resources and protecting the benefit of environment, new with other
Energy source utilizing electricity generating techn, which is compared, has larger competitive advantage, and Wind turbines are the key equipments in wind generating technology.
Wind energy has the characteristics that free, cleaning, free of contamination, with most of renewable energy as a kind of renewable energy
Generation technology is compared, and wind-power electricity generation has very big competitive advantage.And in Chinese many areas, wind energy resources very abundant, hair
Wind-power electricity generation is opened up, important leverage can be provided for the national economic development.
It is well known that the current energy and environment are the significant problems of global facing.Currently, in global fossil energy day
Under the background that gradually exhausted and ecological environment sharply deteriorates, accelerating development renewable energy becomes the solution environment and energy of world community
The only way which must be passed of source problem, while being also the most important thing of the future economy and technology development, the natural ring of wind power plant their location
The randomness of border and Wind turbines control variable determines that wind power system is a nonlinear system, finds and guarantees that Wind turbines exist
The control method of stable output power is top priority in different wind regime.In order to guarantee the safe and stable operation of Wind turbines, one
As it should be understood that wind power plant natural environment and Wind turbines working characteristics, this just needs to design intelligent real-time control system, root
Corresponding working method is taken according to different situations, so that the utilization rate of wind energy is reached optimal state, both guarantees Wind turbines
Export the stabilization of electric energy, it is also desirable to ensure Wind turbines in the trouble free service of Complex Natural Environment.
Summary of the invention
The invention proposes a kind of Contrast tuned imaging systems applied in wind power control system.In order to overcome windy condition
The shortcomings that lower control system, the present invention is by design and realization based on PLC controller progress FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL, by Fuzzy Control
Algorithm processed is applied in paddle change system of wind turbines, is devised FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL and is adjusted for being converted according to wind speed
Propeller pitch angle is write control program using PLC and is designed to monitoring interface, makes control system real time implementation, intelligence, make simultaneously
Staff's operation is easier；And the control system based on PLC Yu Win CC software is devised, realize the real-time of Wind turbines
Monitoring and intelligent control.
Technical solution
A kind of real-time monitoring and intelligence control system applied in wind power control system mainly includes wind speed, wind turbine
The building of group and magneto alternator mathematical model, the design of Fuzzy control system, control overall system design and monitoring system
System design.
1, wind speed, Wind turbines and magneto alternator mathematical model are built
Since the wind energy under natural environment has randomness, for the wind speed under accurate description natural environment, mould is being carried out
When quasi- emulation, using four components of the wind speed in formula 2-1 come the situation of change of wind energy under simulating natural environment.Simulate practical wind
Wind speed in electric field are as follows: V=Vb+Vg+Vr+Vn, wherein VnFor RANDOM WIND, emulated here with white noise.
Basic wind V can be determined according to Weibull distribution parameters approximationb, Weibull distribution parameters are by detecting wind power plant
Obtained from wind energy.The probability density function of Weir distribution can be expressed asWherein, k is Weir distribution
Form parameter, c be Weir distribution scaling function.According to compare it can be found that using mean wind speed and standard deviation estimation
Method is better than cumulative distribution function fitting process and mean wind speed, the maximum wind velocity estimation technique to the fitting effect of Weir distribution parameter.Its
In, the optimal mean wind speed of fitting effect and the expression formula of standard deviation estimate method areσ/μ is k
Function, if known distribution mean value and variance can acquire the value of k.Because directly calculating more complicated, relationship between the two
ForIt can obtainWherein, Γ is gamma function.
Fitful wind is used to describe the characteristic of wind speed suddenly change, and it is fast again that wind speed at a time quickly increases to peak value wind speed suddenly
Speed decline.Would generally according to the dynamic characteristic of wind generator system in the case of larger wind speed, analyzing influence voltage ripple of power network because
Element.
(1) the corresponding order of command window input in MATLAB main interface, builds mathematics to open Simulink tool
Model；
(2) according to the formula module that selection needs in model library (Simulink Library Brower), and according to public affairs
Formula is attached, and obtains model as shown in Figure 1；
(3) fitful wind model is run after setup parameter, obtains the simulink simulation result of the fitful wind model in 60s.
If wind speed is whithin a period of time, rises according to fixed speed and either drop to maximum or minimum value, then weighing-appliance
The wind for having the Variation Features is gradual change wind.Using expression formula
(1) the similarly corresponding order of command window input in MATLAB main interface, is built with opening Simulink tool
Mathematical model；
(2) according to the above formula module that selection needs in model library (Simulink Library Brower), and according to public affairs
Formula connection, obtains model as shown in Figure 2；
(3) fitful wind model is run after setup parameter, obtains the simulink simulation result of the gradual change wind model in 60s,
Wind speed model is established using Simulink, is realized to the wind speed simulation in natural environment.Fig. 3 is wind speed mathematical modulo
Type, using 60s as a cycle when emulation, Wind speed model simulation result shows the wind energy situation of change in a cycle, white noise
Sound is present in whole work process, in 0~4s, is mainly acted on simultaneously by basic wind with RANDOM WIND；In 4~14s, fitful wind with
Basic wind and RANDOM WIND three act on simultaneously；In 20~25s, mainly gradual change wind and basic wind and RANDOM WIND works.
(1) submodule encapsulation is carried out to fitful wind model and gradual change wind model.
(2) module needed for selecting basic wind and RANDOM WIND in Simulink Library Brower according to formula, even
It connects to obtain model shown in Fig. 3；
(3) by given parametric distribution into each model；
(4) simulation time is set, and solution musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass is selected and is arranged.
Wind energy conversion system is the equipment that a kind of pair of wind energy is utilized, and reflects that the principal element of working condition is changed according to wind speed
And the power parameter to change.It is hereby theoretical by shellfish it can be concluded that one timing of wind friction velocity, wind energy conversion system output power areIn wind power system, to realize Wind turbine maximum power output, it is necessary first to obtain wind energy conversion system
The characteristic curve of output power and its revolving speed.As shown in figure 4, curve first rises and declines again, different wind speed items when one timing of wind speed
Under part, tachometer value corresponding to maximum power is different；It is directly proportional between output power variation and wind speed variation when invariablenes turning speed.
The ratio between wind wheel blade tip linear velocity and wind speed are known as tip speed ratio, are for stating the one of Wind turbines characteristic
Important parameter, expression formula areλ is tip speed ratio, and R is blade radius, Vr0For blade tip angular speed, ω
For angular speed.
Power coefficient is related with propeller pitch angle, as shown in figure 5, claiming the angle between blade string and blade direction of advance
β is propeller pitch angle, and the wind speed w of opposite blade is synthesized by external wind speed v and blade linear velocity u, the relative wind velocity with
Angle between blade string is known as angle α, power coefficient Cp(λ, β) can be used to describe both tip speed ratio and propeller pitch angle
Relationship, can be calculated by function, can also be obtained by way of tabling look-up.Wherein, β is propeller pitch angle.
Wind energy conversion system should all find C in design and operationpMaximum value reaches the output power P of wind energy conversion system as far as possible most
Greatly.According to the mathematical model being made of tip speed ratio and propeller pitch angle is built in formula, to calculate the wind energy benefit of ideal wind energy conversion system
With coefficient Cp, as shown in Figure 6.By power coefficient CpModule is encapsulated as submodule, and module needed for being selected according to formula 2-10 is taken
Build wind energy conversion system model as shown in Figure 7.
In the control that the basic ideas that MATLAB/Simulink carries out three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor control are according to direct current generator
Mode processed controls alternating current generator.PMSM mathematical model model as shown in Figure 8, i.e., establishing under ((d, q)) coordinate system can be with
Permanent magnet synchronous motor and DC brushless motor mathematic simulated mode as two kinds of working conditions of motor or generator, emulate
The parameters such as motor speed, stator current and electromagnetic torque are gone out, to realize the Simulation of Vector Control of permanent magnet synchronous motor.
2, the design of Fuzzy control system
The design of Fuzzy control system is divided into including controlled device fuzzy control algorithm design and realizes that the software of program is set
Meter.The Wind turbines propeller pitch angle variation to work when in the present invention using more than power control method control rated wind speed, therefore, in mould
In the design of fuzzy controllers, using between Power Theory value and actual value difference e and its error change amount Δ e as input quantity,
Propeller pitch angle variable quantity u is as output quantity.
The conclusion of fuzzy reasoning is by Fuzzy implication relationshipAlgorithm between fuzzy relation and its set is determined
It is fixed, and Fuzzy implication relationshipIt is only a kind of, but algorithm can there are many.For there are two the two of input variable
Fuzzy controller is tieed up, according to the Multiple Fuzzy reasoning sentence in its fuzzy rule, total implication relation such as formulaWherein: EiFuzzy set on e domain is inputted for fuzzy controller；ΔEiFor fuzzy control
Device inputs fuzzy set on Δ e domain；UiFuzzy set on u domain is exported for fuzzy controller.
When due to using closed-loop control, the output quantity of system has a direct impact control, and increases feedback element and be conducive to
Reduce error, reduces the interference to system, therefore fuzzy controller uses closed-loop control.It is extraneous defeated in fuzzy control process
Enter signal to be compared with the feedback quantity of the detected controlled device of sensor, the two difference is subjected to A/D conversion, converts difference
For the semaphore that controller can identify, using the difference variable quantity after the difference and each run as fuzzy controller
Input, according to control require establish fuzzy control table, by inquire control table obtain corresponding fuzzy output amount, obscure defeated
Output is converted to exact value through D/A again to which control mechanism works, and the controlled device in transducer detecting mechanism simultaneously will be anti-
Feedback amount is compared with input signal, to realize closed-loop control.During the work time, constantly detection e and Δ e, using fuzzy
The value of system on-line tuning parameter accords with the dynamic and static performance of system meet different e and Δ e to control parameter demand
It closes control to require, workflow is as shown in figure 9, structure of fuzzy controller is as shown in Figure 10.
Simulation model and interpretation of result based on fuzzy control are carried out to feather model, it is known that the range of power error e
For [- 200KW, 200KW], domain is { -6, -4, -2,0,2,4,6 }, then the quantizing factor of power error e are as follows:The range of known error variation delta e be [- 400KW/s, 400KW/s], domain be -6, -
4, -2,0,2,4,6 }, then the quantizing factor of error change amount Δ e are as follows:Known propeller pitch angle u's
Range is [- 90 °, 90 °], and domain is { -6, -4, -2,0,2,4,6 }, then the scale factor of propeller pitch angle u are as follows:The fuzzy controller as shown in Fig. 3-12 is built according to the fuzzy control rule table established, in Fuzzy
Designed fis file is imported in Logic Controller module into fuzzy controller.
3, overall system design is controlled
The performance of control system is the key that determine Wind turbines working efficiency and service life, while control system is also wind-powered electricity generation
The core of unit enables Wind turbines to be automatically performed each section course of work and human-computer interaction by control system
The normal work of system and remote monitoring system.Wind turbines control is the important component of wind power system, it can be ensured that wind
Electric unit safety operation ensures the optimal output of power stability.The structure of control system of the invention is as shown in Fig. 4-1, wherein wrapping
Several parts such as main control unit, automatic control system, pitch-controlled system, yaw system, braking system and monitoring system are included.The control
The function that system processed can be realized has: detection wind friction velocity makes Wind turbines automatic start-stop；Wind wheel is carried out according to wind friction velocity
Power or rotational speed regulation；Unit direction is adjusted according to wind direction；Secure parking or in emergency circumstances braking rapidly；Long distance
From monitoring and the adjustment of real-time perfoming parameter etc..
Overall system design is controlled in the present invention to use in Redundancy Design, especially sensor design using multiple spare side
Case；Using man-machine interactive system, have long-range control and inline diagnosis part；Realize that control system is intelligent, it can be according to reality
Border situation, which is quickly and accurately done, reacts, and to cope with the problem i.e., reduces a possibility that failure occurs, simplifies staff
Operating process, and promote the reliability of Wind turbines.How under different external condition, guarantee that the stability of output is control
The major issue for needing to solve in system design processed.The major function of control system of wind turbines includes detecting and acquiring signal
Amount adjusts operation conditions, urgent/secure parking, remotely monitoring, manual/auto control etc..It is required that completing control on STEP7
System program design is completed the acquisition of wind energy by the analog module of S7-300PLC and is transmitted in program, judges that unit is
It is no to meet service condition.After meeting service condition, wind wheel organization starts to act, while air velocity transducer and wind vane acquisition letter
Number, judge whether variable blade control system and yaw control system need work, if you need to work, motor brings into operation；It is super in wind energy
Out after sets requirement, unit automatic stopping.The design that monitoring interface is carried out on Win CC configuration software, in entire control process
In, monitoring system remains that working condition, the real-time monitoring parameter of electric machine, wind energy parameter, unit each section operation conditions are convenient for
Staff observes unit working condition, understands equipment working condition in time.
It is designed in the present invention comprising yaw control system structure, the main function of yaw control system has: working normally
In the case of automatically to wind, so that cabin is remained the direction of face wind；It is rotated in one direction in cabin accumulative more than a fixed number
When amount, start automatic cable-releasing program；In automatic cable-releasing failure, Wind turbines are shut down and the personnel that report untie the mooring rope manually；
Detect be higher by cut-out wind speed when, be immediately performed 90 ° of crosswind, make wind wheel side to wind direction, unit is protected not damage because of high wind
It is bad.Its working principle is that yaw system carries out closed-loop control with a plurality of types of sensors.Wind instrument is wind turbine
The essential sensor of group, is made of an air velocity transducer and a wind transducer, and air velocity transducer is used to detect to work as
Whether preceding wind friction velocity meets job requirement, so that Wind turbines be made to keep normal safe working condition；It is general close to switch
Two photoelectric sensors are selected, by the optical signal collected that adds up, cabin present rotation angel degree is calculated；Limit switch is used
It unties the mooring rope in control in yaw system, judges whether to need to untie the mooring rope and untie the mooring rope to which direction by limit switch.
It is designed in the present invention comprising variable blade control system structure, the blade pitch device that the present invention uses is electronic unified variable pitch system
System.Propeller shank is connected with wheel hub by pitch variable bearings, can be rotated freely to adjust the propeller pitch angle of blade.Pitch-controlled system is by driving
The compositions such as dynamic motor, pitch variable bearings, encoder, variable paddle speed reducer (cooperation pinion gear), wind measuring device.When air velocity transducer detects
To be higher than rated wind speed air speed value when, pitch-controlled system start to work, encoder detect blade current location, converted by A/D
Afterwards, the position and wind speed that will test are transmitted in controller, calculate the pitch angle value for needing to change and pitch-controlled system needs to turn
Dynamic angle drives pitch motor to provide torque for pitch-controlled system, is moved by the pinion gear being connected with motor end, by power
Pitch variable bearings are passed to change blade pitch angle.There is blade angle sensor, sensor installation in pitch-variable system
Pinion gear is engaged with pitch variable bearings, to measure blade angle.The digital wind direction and wind velocity of FYF-B is selected for the measurement of wind
Transmitter.This transmitter is exported with the analog quantity electric current of 4-20mA, can measure the instantaneous of wind direction and wind speed and average
Value, plays a significant role Wind turbines.
It is designed in the present invention comprising Wind turbines master control program, the master control program of Wind turbines is to ensure wind turbine
Group safe and stable operation, according to the job requirement of Wind turbines, master control program function is divided into initialization, shutdown, standby substantially
With detection etc. functions.The master control program flow diagram course of work as shown in figure 11 is that main switch closes a floodgate, Wind turbines control
Device processed detects the natural environment wind energy situation in one minute first, judges whether Wind turbines meet starting and require.If not cutting
Enter between cut-out wind speed, then Wind turbines do not start；If preparing automatic running in the wind speed range for allowing to start.System
After system starting, initialized first, hardware device adjusted to initial position, after interior magazine resets, check hardware with
Memory has fault-free inside the control system.When there are failures, according to Judgement of failure, if it is system alarm failure,
After debugging being manually adjusted by site operation personnel, start to work；If it is the failure problems that cannot exclude, program
It is immediately finished, and carries out field maintenance.After program checkout is normal, wind wheel is started turning, and it is defeated that control system starts real-time sampling
Enter signal and more new output signal, executes control program one by one, using alternator output signal as Rule of judgment, judging whether can
With grid-connected.
In the present invention include paddle change system of wind turbines programming, the present invention in pitch control be according to rated power with
The difference of actual power carries out the calculating of propeller pitch angle.Variable blade control system is to determine paddle by wind speed variation and changed power
The situation of change of elongation.In high wind speed section, PLC receives the actual power P of grid-connected rear generator by power transducer, by data
It reads to Analog input mModule, judges whether to need to be implemented variable pitch program after A/D is converted.If necessary to execute variable pitch journey
Sequence then detects blade current location and is compared with propeller pitch angle is calculated, judges blade direction of rotation and angle, and propeller pitch angle is defeated
Output is sent to analog output module after D/A is converted.After the completion of blade pitch device work, blade current location is determined to judge to revolve
Whether gyration meets the requirements, and terminates program if meeting, and otherwise continues to execute variable pitch program.Function FC1 is established, change is write
Paddle controls program.When pitch-controlled system work, PLC acquires the actual power value that power transducer transmitting comes, and power transducer is
Analog input, range are that 0~10V is used to measure the performance number between 0~2500KW, and program segment 2 is actual power simulation
Amount is converted into the change procedure of number of machines (0~27648), and conversion method isWherein, N --- after A/D conversion
Number of machines corresponding to actual power；U --- power transducer is input to the analog quantity of PLC.After first step A/D conversion,
The identifiable number of machines of PLC is converted into actual power value again, for it is next calculating and host computer display, machine
Counting the method for being converted to actual power isWherein, P --- performance number corresponding to number of machines after A/D conversion becomes
Oar system work flow diagram is as shown in figure 12.
It include the programming of Wind turbines yaw system in the present invention, the effect of yaw control system is first is that control wind turbine
The variation of structure box haul and change；Second is that when cabin is rotated in the same direction more than certain angle, to prevent cable from winding, into
Capable operation of untying the mooring rope；Third is that the safety for protection Wind turbines carries out 90 ° of crosswind, i.e., when occurring exceeding the strong wind of cut-out wind speed
Wind wheel organization and wind direction are in 90 ° of angles.In yaw main program, first detect whether to need to be implemented 90 ° of crosswind subprograms.Work as wind
Field bad environments, when wind speed is excessive, in order to protect the safety of Wind turbines, can take 90 ° of crosswind in time, make wind wheel organization and wind
To being in 90 ° of angles, excessive wind speed is avoided to cause wind wheel rotation speed too fast, to damage Wind turbines.With reference to 2MW type wind turbine
Group technical parameter sets cut-out wind speed as 25m/s, when air velocity transducer detects the wind conditions beyond 25m/s, executes 90 °
Crosswind program.Control of untying the mooring rope can be carried out using automatic or manual, under normal circumstances, untying the mooring rope is automatic operation mode, yawmeter
After number device detects that a direction is overflowed, closes automatic yaw program and issue instruction of untying the mooring rope automatically；When untie the mooring rope overflow prompt but
It is when untie the mooring rope work, it is necessary to be untied the mooring rope manually.Automatic yaw program is established in function FC7, and inclined
This section of program is called in boat main program FC5.If the sampling angle of nacelle position is θ, the error that yaw angle allows is △, yawmeter
The accumulative angle rotated of cabin of number device detection is α, and the limit angle for work of untying the mooring rope is γ, general using certainly in control of untying the mooring rope
Dynamic program of untying the mooring rope, i.e. controller detect signal, when receive untie the mooring rope signal when, stop automatic yaw program first, then judgement is overflow
It then reversely unties the mooring rope if positive overflow in direction out；If reversed overflow, then starting forward direction is untied the mooring rope.When automatic cable-releasing breaks down
When, system alarm, and can prevent cable winding from Wind turbines being caused to damage using emergent control of untying the mooring rope manually.In journey of untying the mooring rope
In sequence, untie the mooring rope allowable error value ε, system detection nacelle position θ after the completion of untying the mooring rope are set, if θ ∈ [- ε, ε], then having untied the mooring rope
At progress next step operation；If continuing to untie the mooring rope program and detecting nacelle position, directly not in allowable range of error
Program of untying the mooring rope is completed afterwards to θ ∈ [- ε, ε], and automatic cable-releasing flow chart is as shown in figure 13.
4, Design of Monitoring and Control System
It include PLC dry run in the present invention, when carrying out programming using programming software STEP 7 and Win CC, by
It limits, unit complete machine cannot be tested in condition, so the simulation softward S7-PLCSIM using SIEMENS PLC can be incited somebody to action
Communication setting is carried out between the monitoring interface of Win CC and the program of STEP7, to realize the debugging of STEP7 program with Win CC's
Monitoring.The engineering project that design is completed is opened in SIMATIC Manager；Start emulator S7- in toolbar
CPU in emulator is set as MPI by PLCSIM；The program that downloading has compiled later is adjusted to operation shape into S7-PLCSIM
State, later can on-line debugging program.When Win CC and S7-PLCSIM is configured, the connection of MPI agreement can only be used.First
In the address MPI of STEP7 checked on CPU313-2DP in hardware configuration, assignment is to connect CPU；It opens WINCC and creates
Project adds new driver in variable management and creates the address MPI and the change slot number in attribute under MPI driving.
It designs in the present invention comprising monitoring interface, for the control program of connection STEP7 design, is drawn in monitoring interface design
The operation interfaces such as working condition, unit management, alarm logging, alarm setting, user setting, help and closing have been made, have been realized
Control system visualization keeps staff's operation easier.Meanwhile input/output end port is added in operation interface and can connect
Program internal register is controlled, is shown in current operation value on monitoring interface.At working condition interface, operator can be seen
The working condition of current Wind turbines is observed, and emergent stopping or Wind turbines can be taken in time to open for actual conditions
The operations such as dynamic, shutdown.The case where unit management is staff's design with modification parameter permission, can be according to local wind field
Basic parameter is modified, Contrast tuned imaging system is made to be suitable for the Wind turbines under different natural environmental conditions.
It include data exchange monitoring interface in the present invention, data record interface can store and be shown in time in the past
The operating condition of interior Wind turbines each section calls OPC Read and OPC Write module to establish OPC client in Simulink
The communication between (MATLAB/Simulink) and opc server (Win CC configuration software) is held, model as shown in figure 14 is built,
Data exchange both to realize, can intuitively observe real-time results in Win CC monitoring interface, so as to Wind turbines
Adjustment working condition in time.When carrying out data exchange, needs to create client in MATLAB and to be connected to Win CC configuration soft
In part, then new Object, group and item；The data and Real time displaying of item are read in the operation phase, are based on Simulink work
The tool box MATLAB and Win CC application OPC of tool, devises the real-time variable blade control system that two softwares combine.Operation
Win CC and MATLAB software, i.e. it can be seen that actual blade pitch angle real-time change curve in Win CC monitoring interface.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is fitful wind illustraton of model
Fig. 2 is gradual change wind illustraton of model
Fig. 3 is wind speed mathematic model figure
Fig. 4 is different wind speed apparatus for lower wind machine revolving speed-power graphs
Fig. 5 is blade pitch angle figure
Fig. 6 is the power coefficient C of wind energy conversion systempFigure
Fig. 7 is wind energy conversion system illustraton of model
Fig. 8 is PMSM illustraton of model
Fig. 9 is fuzzy controller workflow
Figure 10 is structure of fuzzy controller
Figure 11 is Wind turbines master control program flow chart
Figure 12 is pitch-controlled system work flow diagram
Figure 13 is automatic cable-releasing flow chart
Figure 14 is the pitch-controlled system OPC interface figure in Simulink
Specific embodiment
Present invention particularly provides a kind of real-time monitoring and intelligence control system applied in wind power control system,
By taking the modeling of the multi- scenarios method of floating type wind power generation turbine set is with intellectual monitoring as an example, carries out analysis of the invention and illustrate.
First part: establishing typical floating marine formula wind energy conversion system complex nonlinear model, and carries out feature of wind machine point
Analysis.
(1) wind load models.It based on Aerodynamics, obtains under different wind conditions, the wind load that blade is subject to
It calculates.
(2) seaway load models.It based on hydraulic theory, obtains under various limiting cases, wave is to floatation type phoenix power
The LOAD FOR on machine basis.
(3) wind energy conversion system models.Using typical wind energy conversion system as research object, wind turbine system model is established.
(4) feature of wind machine is analyzed.Operation characteristic calculating is carried out to the wind-driven generator model of foundation.
Second part: the optimum layout scheme of research the Wind turbine wake flow regularity of distribution and Wind turbine.
(1) wind energy conversion system wake flow distribution situation is analyzed.According to one momentum theory of Aerodynamics and foline, analyzes wind and exist
By the turbulent condition generated after blade, wind field turbulent flow distribution situation, the constraint condition as Wind turbine Optimum distribution are obtained.
(2) Optimized model that Wind turbine is distributed in wind field is established.Wind energy conversion system generated energy maximum is as excellent using in wind field
Change target, using the distance between neighbouring wind machine (including machine away from and array pitch) as design variable, with wind field turbulent flow distribution situation
For constraint condition, establishes the Optimized model of Wind turbine distribution and solved, obtain Wind turbine the optimum layout in wind field
Scheme.
Part III: establishing wind field vector model, and according to generated energy plan of needs and wind field state, design is based on wind field
The control strategy of system level realizes dynamic power distribution control and Intelligent predictive control.
(1) phoenix vector model is established.According to the various sensors of wind field (sensors such as wind speed, wind direction, temperature) acquisition
Different types of information, modelled signal Processing Algorithm, the level and institutional framework of design wind field pass amount model establish winds retrieval mould
Type.
(2) design power predictive control strategy and power dynamically distribute control strategy.According to generated energy planning and wind field arrow
The wind field information that model provides is measured, design power predictive control strategy and power dynamically distribute control strategy.
(3) the early warning control strategy based on wind field rank is designed.Information and the history fortune provided according to winds retrieval model
Row data design the predictive control strategy of wind energy conversion system, ensure the highly effective and safe operation of wind energy conversion system.
Part IV: being based on above-mentioned three parts content, studies in Configuration software WinCC environment, realizes intelligence SCADA system
The key technology of system.(1) realization of the dimensional wind vector model in Configuration software WinCC.
(2) friendly interface type wind field intelligent SCADA System is completed in Configuration software WinCC environment.
Claims (6)
1. Wind turbines Contrast tuned imaging system is a kind of Contrast tuned imaging system applied in wind power control system,
The shortcomings that in order to overcome control system under windy condition, the present invention is based on designs and reality that PLC controller carries out FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL
It is existing, FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL is applied in paddle change system of wind turbines, wind speed, Wind turbines and magneto alternator number are passed through
Building for model is learned, the propeller pitch angle that FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL is adjusted for converting according to wind speed is devised, is write using PLC
Control program is simultaneously designed monitoring interface, makes control system real time implementation, intelligence, while keeping staff's operation simpler
Just.
2. the design and realization according to claim 1 for carrying out FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL based on PLC controller, it is characterised in that
Controlled device fuzzy control algorithm design and the software design for realizing program control specified wind using power control method in the present invention
The Wind turbines propeller pitch angle variation to work when fast above, according to the algorithm between fuzzy reasoning and fuzzy relation and its set,
Obtain the conclusion of fuzzy reasoning.Fuzzy controller uses closed-loop control, and the output quantity of system has a direct impact control, and increases
Feedback element is conducive to reduce error, reduces the interference to system.It is required to establish fuzzy control table according to control, utilizes fuzzy system
The value for on-line tuning parameter of uniting meets to control parameter demand, so that the dynamic and static performance of system is met control and requires, to feather
Model carries out simulation model and interpretation of result based on fuzzy control.
3. wind speed according to claim 1, Wind turbines and magneto alternator mathematical model are built, feature exists
It in natural wind, fitful wind, gradual change wind, wind energy conversion system and magneto alternator founding mathematical models, and is emulated, to realize wind
Power unit maximum power output obtains the characteristic curve and tip speed ratio and propeller pitch angle two of wind energy conversion system output power and its revolving speed
The relationship of person, according to the mathematical model being made of tip speed ratio and propeller pitch angle built, to calculate the wind of ideal wind energy conversion system
It can usage factor.
4. the control overall system design of Wind turbines Contrast tuned imaging system according to claim 1, feature exist
Multiple alternative scheme is used in Redundancy Design, especially sensor design in using；Using man-machine interactive system, has long-range control
System and inline diagnosis part, the major function of control system of wind turbines include detect and acquire semaphore, adjust operation conditions,
Promptly/secure parking, long-range monitoring, manual/auto control etc..In entire control process, monitoring system remains work
State, the real-time monitoring parameter of electric machine, wind energy parameter, unit each section operation conditions observe unit work feelings convenient for staff
Condition understands equipment working condition in time.
5. Wind turbines Contrast tuned imaging system according to claim 4 is designed comprising yaw control system structure,
It is characterized in that making cabin remain the direction of face wind automatically to wind in normal operating conditions；Cabin in one direction
When rotation adds up to be more than certain amount, start automatic cable-releasing program；In automatic cable-releasing failure, Wind turbines are shut down and are reported
Staff unties the mooring rope manually；Detect be higher by cut-out wind speed when, be immediately performed 90 ° of crosswind, make wind wheel side to wind direction, protect machine
Group will not be damaged because of high wind.
6. Wind turbines Contrast tuned imaging system according to claim 4 is designed comprising variable blade control system structure,
It is characterized in that propeller shank is connected with wheel hub by pitch variable bearings, can rotate freely to adjust the propeller pitch angle of blade.Pitch system
There is blade angle sensor, sensor installation pinion gear is engaged with pitch variable bearings, to measure blade angle in system.
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| CN110032238A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-19 | 闽江学院 | A kind of wind turbine power generation yaw control system maximum power tracing method |
| CN112068612A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-11 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | Wind tunnel operation safety shutdown control method based on configuration mode |
| CN116451465A (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-07-18 | 中国人民解放军61540部队 | Satellite-borne SAR mesoscale vortex imaging simulation method and system |
| CN117905638A (en) * | 2024-03-18 | 2024-04-19 | 安徽大学 | Wind driven generator optimal control method and system based on reinforcement learning |
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