CN109205609B - Method for preparing three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material by naturally airing solution - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material by naturally airing a solution, and belongs to the technical field of preparation of graphene-based three-dimensional materials. The method mainly comprises the steps of stirring and foaming a high-concentration graphene oxide solution containing a surfactant, then coating the solution on a substrate, and directly and naturally airing to obtain the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material. The method disclosed by the invention is simple and easy to operate, low in cost, environment-friendly, capable of in-situ forming preparation and suitable for industrial large-scale continuous production of the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material; the prepared three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material is formed by mutually connecting a large number of irregular hollow graphene oxide microspheres, has a closed-cell structure and low material density, and can be used as a precursor for preparing the graphene-based three-dimensional foam material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a method for preparing a three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material by directly and naturally airing a foamed graphene oxide viscous solution, and belongs to the technical field of preparation of graphene-based three-dimensional materials.
Background
The graphene oxide is an intermediate product for preparing graphene by an oxidation stripping method, the surface of the graphene oxide contains rich oxygen-containing groups, the graphene oxide can be stably dispersed in a single layer in an aqueous solution, has chemical reaction activity and solution processing performance superior to graphene, and has obvious advantages in preparation, functionalization and application of graphene-based materials. The three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material is a macroscopic light foam material with a three-dimensional porous structure and assembled by a large number of two-dimensional graphene oxide nanosheets. The three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material serving as a precursor can be reduced and converted into the three-dimensional graphene foam material. The graphene-based multifunctional three-dimensional foam material has a great application prospect in the fields of energy storage and energy conversion, environmental management, sensors, electromagnetic shielding, light weight, flame retardance and the like.
At present, the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material is mainly prepared by directly performing supercritical drying or freeze drying on a graphene oxide solution/gel, such as chinese patents CN 102239114B and CN 106744896 a. However, the freeze-drying technology needs to continuously provide a low-temperature and low-pressure closed environment, and the supercritical drying needs to continuously maintain a high-pressure or high-temperature closed environment, and both of the two drying technologies have the disadvantages of high energy consumption, long drying period, difficulty in operation, unsuitability for large-scale industrial production and the like. In addition, the two drying technologies cannot prepare the three-dimensional graphene oxide material in situ in a specific application place, and the application range of the three-dimensional graphene oxide material is limited. Although the method for preparing the three-dimensional graphene foam material by drying the graphene hydrogel at normal pressure or naturally drying is subsequently developed, for example, chinese patents CN 104925787B and CN 106006615B, the preparation of the graphene hydrogel still requires high-temperature heating and low-temperature freezing technology, and also has the disadvantages of large energy consumption, long preparation period and incapability of in-situ forming preparation. Therefore, the method for preparing the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material by the method which is simple and easy to operate, low in cost and environment-friendly has important significance for large-scale industrial production and wide application of the graphene-based multifunctional three-dimensional foam material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing a three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material by naturally airing a solution, aiming at the defects of high power consumption, high cost, difficulty in operation, long preparation period, incapability of in-situ forming preparation and the like of the conventional three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material and preparation methods of the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material. The method is simple and easy to operate, low in cost, environment-friendly, capable of being prepared by in-situ forming and suitable for industrial large-scale continuous production of the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A method for preparing a three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material by naturally airing a solution comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a surfactant into a graphene oxide aqueous solution with the concentration of 8-30 mg/mL, uniformly mixing, and stirring at a stirring speed of 1000-5000 r/min for foaming to enable the volume of the foamed solution to be 1.5-3 times of the volume of the solution before foaming, so as to obtain a foamed graphene oxide viscous solution;
(2) and flatly paving the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution on a substrate, wherein the thickness of the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution flatly paved on the substrate is 1-10 mm, and then naturally airing to obtain the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material on the substrate.
Further, paving the thick solution of the expanded graphene oxide obtained in the step (1) on the surface of the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material obtained on the substrate obtained in the step (2), and then naturally airing to obtain two layers of three-dimensional graphene foam materials on the substrate; repeating the process of spreading the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution obtained in the step (1) on the surface of the outermost three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material, naturally drying, and obtaining more than two layers of three-dimensional graphene foam materials on the substrate; wherein the thickness of the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution which is tiled every time is 1 mm-10 mm respectively and independently.
The surfactant is anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant or zwitterionic surfactant, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, triethanolamine dodecyl sulfate, sodium isooctyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, triethanolamine oleate soap, coconut diethanolamide, alkyl glycoside, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, isotridecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, octadecyl amine polyoxyethylene ether, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium cocoyl glycinate, sodium lauroyl amphoacetate or lauramidopropyl amine oxide, preferably cocamidopropyl betaine, alkyl glycoside or sodium dodecyl sulfate.
The preparation method of the graphene oxide aqueous solution in the step (1) is not limited, such as Hummers method and various improved Hummers methods; the concentration of the graphene oxide aqueous solution is preferably 12 mg/mL-20 mg/mL.
Further, the average particle diameter of the graphene oxide sheet in the graphene oxide aqueous solution is 1 to 100 μm.
Further, the mass ratio of the graphene oxide in the graphene oxide aqueous solution to the surfactant is 0.5-3, preferably 0.7-1.5.
Further, spreading the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution on the substrate or the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material on the outermost layer by adopting a blade coating method; the material of the substrate is not limited, and may be stainless steel plate, aluminum plate, glass plate, ceramic plate, wood plate, ceramic tile, etc.
Further, the thickness of the flatly laid foamed graphene oxide viscous solution is 3-6 mm when each layer of three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material on the substrate is prepared; when the multilayer three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material is prepared on the substrate, the number of layers of the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material is preferably 3-5.
Furthermore, after the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution is flatly laid on the substrate or the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material on the outermost layer, the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution can be dried in a low-temperature atmosphere at 10-60 ℃, so that the drying time is shortened.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material prepared by the method is formed by mutually connecting a large number of irregular hollow microspheres of graphene oxide, has a closed-cell structure and low material density, can adjust the thickness of the prepared three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material by repeatedly paving and airing in the preparation process, and can be used as a precursor for preparing the graphene-based three-dimensional foam material.
(2) The method disclosed by the invention is simple and easy to operate, low in cost, environment-friendly, capable of in-situ forming preparation, short in period and suitable for industrial large-scale continuous production of the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material; and the method can be easily expanded to the preparation of the graphene-based multifunctional three-dimensional foam material, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a polarization microscope image of the internal morphology change of the graphene oxide viscous solution foamed in step (2) in example 1 in the natural air-drying process.
Fig. 2 is a surface Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam prepared in step (2) of example 1.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional scanning electron microscope image of the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam prepared in step (2) of example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and detailed description, wherein the process is conventional unless otherwise specified, and the starting materials are commercially available from a public disclosure without further specification.
In the following examples:
the graphene oxide aqueous solution is prepared by the following method: respectively storing 50g of 80-5000 mesh crystalline flake graphite powder, 150g of potassium permanganate and 3L of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid in a refrigerator at the temperature of-18 ℃ for 4-6 h; then, firstly pouring the flake graphite powder into a dry 5L beaker under the condition of ice-water bath, then pouring 1.5L of concentrated sulfuric acid, then starting stirring at the stirring speed of 100 r/min-200 r/min, then slowly pouring potassium permanganate into the beaker, completing the process for about 1min, then pouring the rest 1.5L of concentrated sulfuric acid into the beaker, wherein no water can be added in the whole feeding process, and the three raw materials are kept at low temperature; continuously stirring for 2h under the condition of ice-water bath, and transferring to a water bath with the temperature of 50 ℃ for heating, stirring and reacting for 6 h; uniformly and slowly pouring the reaction product into a barrel filled with 10L of deionized water, slowly stirring in the pouring process to prevent concentrated sulfuric acid from being diluted and overheated, and finishing the whole pouring process for about 0.5 h; and then continuously stirring for 0.5h, adding 0.1L of hydrogen peroxide with the mass fraction of 30%, continuously stirring for about 0.5h, stopping stirring, standing, pouring out the supernatant after the graphite oxide powder is completely settled, dialyzing the lower layer of graphite oxide, mechanically stirring and stripping after about one week, and centrifuging for many times to obtain the graphene oxide aqueous solution. During specific use, the concentration of the prepared graphene oxide aqueous solution is determined, and then deionized water is added and subjected to ultrasonic dispersion according to experimental requirements to obtain the graphene oxide aqueous solution with the required concentration.
The polarization photograph was observed using an Axiocam 506 color microscope.
SEM pictures are obtained by observing with a JSM-7500F model cold field emission scanning electron microscope.
Example 1
(1) Adding 10mL of 20% alkyl glycoside (2g) solution into 90mL of 16mg/mL graphene oxide aqueous solution (the average particle size of graphene oxide is 10 microns), slowly stirring at the rotating speed of 100r/min for 2min to uniformly mix the alkyl glycoside solution and the graphene oxide aqueous solution, then stirring and foaming at the rotating speed of 2500r/min, and stirring for 5min to ensure that the volume of the solution after foaming is 2.0 times of the volume of the solution before foaming, thereby obtaining a foamed graphene oxide viscous solution;
(2) spreading the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution on an aluminum plate substrate by adopting a blade coating method, wherein the average thickness of the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution spread on the substrate is 5mm, and then naturally airing to obtain a layer of three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material with the thickness of 2.3mm on the substrate;
(3) spreading the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution prepared in the step (1) on the surface of the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material obtained in the step (2) by adopting a blade coating method, wherein the average thickness of the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution spread on the surface of the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material is 5mm, then naturally drying the solution, and obtaining a layer of three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material with the thickness of 2.5mm on the first layer of three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material;
(4) spreading the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution prepared in the step (1) on the surface of the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material obtained in the step (3) by adopting a blade coating method, wherein the average thickness of the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution spread on the surface of the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material is 5mm, then naturally drying the solution, and obtaining a layer of three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material with the thickness of 2.6mm on a second layer of three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material.
The aluminum substrate in this embodiment is replaced with a stainless steel plate substrate, a glass plate substrate, a ceramic plate substrate, a wood plate substrate, and a ceramic tile substrate, and other steps and process conditions are unchanged, so that a one-layer/two-layer/three-layer three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material having the same performance as that of this embodiment can be prepared.
As shown in fig. 1, the polarized microscope photo shows that the large bubbles inside the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution are gradually swallowed and become larger gradually as the small bubbles are smaller in the natural airing process, and finally, the graphene oxide sheets are stacked and aggregated by using the bubbles as templates to form a three-dimensional foamy graphene oxide solid material along with the continuous volatilization of the moisture. Fig. 2 and 3 are SEM photographs of the surface and cross-section of the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam prepared in step (2) of this example, respectively, which show that the internal cells of the prepared three-dimensional graphene oxide foam have a completely closed cell structure, and the diameter of the three-dimensional cells is 300 μm to 500 μm.
Example 2
(1) Adding 10mL of 20% alkyl glycoside solution into 90mL of 12mg/mL graphene oxide aqueous solution (the average particle size of graphene oxide is 15 microns), slowly stirring at the rotating speed of 100r/min for 2min to uniformly mix the alkyl glycoside solution and the graphene oxide aqueous solution, stirring at the rotating speed of 2500r/min for foaming, and stirring for 5min to ensure that the volume of the foamed solution is 2.0 times of the volume of the solution before foaming, thereby obtaining a foamed graphene oxide viscous solution;
(2) spreading the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution on an aluminum plate substrate by adopting a blade coating method, wherein the average thickness of the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution spread on the substrate is 3mm, and then naturally drying the solution to obtain a layer of three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material with the thickness of 1.5mm on the substrate.
SEM representation is carried out on the prepared three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material, and according to a representation result, the inner foam hole presents a closed-cell structure, and the diameter of the three-dimensional foam hole is 250-500 mu m.
Example 3
(1) Adding 8mL of 20% alkyl glycoside solution into 72mL of 16mg/mL graphene oxide aqueous solution (the average particle size of graphene oxide is 10 microns), slowly stirring at the rotating speed of 100r/min for 2min to uniformly mix the alkyl glycoside solution and the graphene oxide aqueous solution, then stirring at the rotating speed of 2500r/min for foaming, and stirring for 5min to ensure that the volume of the foamed solution is 2.5 times of the volume of the solution before foaming, so as to obtain a foamed graphene oxide viscous solution;
(2) spreading the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution on an aluminum plate substrate by adopting a blade coating method, wherein the average thickness of the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution spread on the substrate is 5mm, and then naturally drying the solution to obtain a layer of three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material with the thickness of 2.7mm on the substrate.
SEM representation is carried out on the prepared three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material, and according to a representation result, the inner foam hole presents a closed-cell structure, and the diameter of the three-dimensional foam hole is 200-600 mu m.
Example 4
(1) Adding 12mL of 20% alkyl glycoside solution into 108mL of 16mg/mL graphene oxide aqueous solution (the average particle size of graphene oxide is 10 micrometers), slowly stirring at the rotating speed of 100r/min for 2min to uniformly mix the alkyl glycoside solution and the graphene oxide aqueous solution, then stirring at the rotating speed of 2500r/min for foaming, and stirring for 5min to make the volume of the foamed solution be 1.5 times of the volume of the solution before foaming, so as to obtain a foamed graphene oxide viscous solution;
(2) spreading the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution on an aluminum plate substrate by adopting a blade coating method, wherein the average thickness of the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution spread on the substrate is 5mm, and then naturally drying the solution to obtain a layer of three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material with the thickness of 2.0mm on the substrate.
SEM representation is carried out on the prepared three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material, and according to a representation result, the inner foam hole presents a closed-cell structure, and the diameter of the three-dimensional foam hole is 400-600 mu m.
Example 5
(1) Adding 10mL of 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate (1g) solution into 90mL of 16mg/mL graphene oxide aqueous solution (the average particle size of graphene oxide is 10 micrometers), slowly stirring at a rotating speed of 100r/min for 2min to uniformly mix the sodium dodecyl sulfate solution and the graphene oxide aqueous solution, then stirring and foaming at a rotating speed of 3500r/min, and stirring for 5min to ensure that the volume of the solution after foaming is 2.5 times of the volume of the solution before foaming, thereby obtaining a foamed graphene oxide viscous solution;
(2) spreading the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution on an aluminum plate substrate by adopting a blade coating method, wherein the average thickness of the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution spread on the substrate is 5mm, and then naturally drying the solution to obtain a layer of three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material with the thickness of 2.7mm on the substrate.
SEM representation is carried out on the prepared three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material, and according to a representation result, the inner foam hole presents a closed-cell structure, and the diameter of the three-dimensional foam hole is 200-600 mu m.
Example 6
(1) Adding 10mL of 10% cocoamidopropyl betaine (1g) solution into 90mL of 16mg/mL graphene oxide aqueous solution (the average particle size of graphene oxide is 10 microns), slowly stirring at the rotating speed of 100r/min for 2min to uniformly mix the cocoamidopropyl betaine solution and the graphene oxide aqueous solution, then stirring and foaming at the rotating speed of 2500r/min, and stirring for 5min to ensure that the volume of the solution after foaming is 2.0 times of the volume of the solution before foaming, thereby obtaining a foamed graphene oxide viscous solution;
(2) spreading the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution on an aluminum plate substrate by adopting a blade coating method, wherein the average thickness of the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution spread on the substrate is 5mm, and then naturally drying the solution to obtain a layer of three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material with the thickness of 2.5mm on the substrate.
SEM representation is carried out on the prepared three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material, and according to a representation result, the inner foam hole presents a closed-cell structure, and the diameter of the three-dimensional foam hole is 300-500 mu m.
Comparative example 1
(1) Adding 10mL of 20% alkyl glycoside solution into 90mL of 5mg/mL graphene oxide aqueous solution (the average particle size of graphene oxide is 10 microns), slowly stirring at the rotating speed of 100r/min for 2min to uniformly mix the alkyl glycoside solution and the graphene oxide aqueous solution, then stirring at the rotating speed of 2500r/min for foaming, and stirring for 5min to ensure that the volume of the foamed solution is 2.0 times of the volume of the solution before foaming, thereby obtaining a foamed graphene oxide viscous solution;
(2) spreading the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution on an aluminum plate substrate by adopting a blade coating method, wherein the average thickness of the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution spread on the substrate is 5mm, and then naturally drying the substrate to obtain a layer of porous graphene oxide film material with the thickness of 0.8mm on the substrate.
The prepared material has millimeter-scale cells on the surface and is very thin, and the material can be called graphene oxide membrane material with multiple cells on the surface.
Comparative example 2
(1) Adding 10mL of 20% alkyl glycoside solution into 90mL of 16mg/mL graphene oxide aqueous solution (the average particle size of graphene oxide is 10 microns), slowly stirring at the rotating speed of 100r/min for 2min to uniformly mix the alkyl glycoside solution and the graphene oxide aqueous solution, then stirring at the rotating speed of 500r/min for foaming, and stirring for 5min to ensure that the volume of the foamed solution is 1.2 times of the volume of the solution before foaming, thereby obtaining a foamed graphene oxide viscous solution;
(2) spreading the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution on an aluminum plate substrate by adopting a blade coating method, wherein the average thickness of the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution spread on the substrate is 5mm, and then naturally drying the substrate to obtain a layer of porous graphene oxide film material with the thickness of 0.5mm on the substrate.
The prepared material has millimeter-scale cells on the surface and is very thin, and the material can be called graphene oxide membrane material with multiple cells on the surface.
Comparative example 3
Directly pouring a graphene oxide aqueous solution with the concentration of 16mg/mL (the average particle size of the graphene oxide is 10 micrometers) onto an aluminum plate with a groove, wherein the average thickness of the graphene oxide solution is 5mm, naturally airing, and obtaining a graphene oxide film with the thickness of 0.1mm on a substrate.
The prepared material is a graphene oxide film material with a uniform and flat surface.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing a three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material by naturally airing a solution is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a surfactant into a graphene oxide aqueous solution with the concentration of 8-30 mg/mL, uniformly mixing, and stirring at a stirring speed of 1000-5000 r/min for foaming to enable the volume of the foamed solution to be 1.5-3 times of the volume of the solution before foaming, so as to obtain a foamed graphene oxide viscous solution;
(2) flatly paving the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution on a substrate, wherein the thickness of the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution flatly paved on the substrate is 1-10 mm, and then naturally airing to obtain a three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material on the substrate;
the surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, lauryl triethanolamine sulfate, isooctanol polyoxyethylene ether sodium phosphate, triethanolamine oleate soap, coconut oil diethanolamide, alkyl glycoside, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, isotridecanol polyoxyethylene ether, octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium cocoyl glycinate, sodium lauroyl amphoacetate or lauramidopropyl amine oxide, and the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the surfactant is 0.5-3.
2. The method for preparing the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material by natural drying of the solution according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: flatly paving the thick solution of the expanded graphene oxide obtained in the step (1) on the surface of the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material obtained on the substrate obtained in the step (2), and then naturally airing to obtain two layers of three-dimensional graphene foam materials on the substrate; repeating the process of spreading the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution obtained in the step (1) on the surface of the outermost three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material, naturally drying, and obtaining more than two layers of three-dimensional graphene foam materials on the substrate;
wherein the thickness of the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution which is tiled every time is 1 mm-10 mm respectively and independently.
3. The method for preparing the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material by natural drying of the solution according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine, alkyl glycoside or sodium dodecyl sulfate.
4. The method for preparing the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material by natural drying of the solution according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the concentration of the graphene oxide aqueous solution in the step (1) is 12 mg/mL-20 mg/mL.
5. The method for preparing the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material by natural drying of the solution according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the average particle diameter of graphene oxide sheets in the graphene oxide aqueous solution is 1 to 100 μm.
6. The method for preparing the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material by natural drying of the solution according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the mass ratio of the graphene oxide in the graphene oxide aqueous solution to the surfactant is 0.7-1.5.
7. The method for preparing the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material by natural airing of the solution according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and spreading the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution on the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material on the substrate or the outermost layer by adopting a blade coating method.
8. The method for preparing the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material by natural airing of the solution according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the flatly laid foamed graphene oxide viscous solution is 3-6 mm when each layer of three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material on the substrate is prepared; the number of layers of the multilayer three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material is 3-5.
9. The method for preparing the three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material by natural airing of the solution according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and after the foamed graphene oxide viscous solution is paved on the substrate or the outermost layer of three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material, drying the substrate or the outermost layer of three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material in a low-temperature atmosphere at 10-60 ℃, and obtaining a layer of three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material on the substrate or the outermost layer of three-dimensional graphene oxide foam material.
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