CN109203187B - Application method of two-stage vacuum extruder - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-stage vacuum extruder and a using method thereof in the field of two-stage vacuum extruders.

Description

Application method of two-stage vacuum extruder

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of extrusion molding equipment, in particular to a use method of a two-stage vacuum extruder.

Background

The double-stage vacuum extruder is the most common brick making equipment used in the current sintered brick factory. The two-stage vacuum extruder mainly comprises an extrusion die, a clay cylinder, a reamer cylinder and the like, wherein raw materials are stirred and vacuum-extruded in the reamer cylinder and then enter the clay cylinder, and pug in the clay cylinder is extruded from the extrusion die through the reamer.

But still have some problems in the current doublestage vacuum extruder use, add water if current doublestage vacuum extruder and directly through drawing the water pipe in feeding case upper end, the mode of direct watering in the feeding case, the in-process of raw materials stirring in the feeding case is inhomogeneous with water contact, need stir the mixing that just can the certain degree many times, it is consuming time more so on the one hand, production efficiency is lower, on the other hand feeding case adopts open structure in order to can feed at any time more, stir in-process raw materials and water mixing and can cause a large amount of mud to splash, make the production environment abominable. Furthermore, current doublestage vacuum extruder mainly is used for extrusion moulding's the subordinate, the extrusion power of subordinate is the power of exporting after the speed reducer is adjusted, use the straight axle transmission to extrude power at present more, and the raw materials is extruding the in-process because its viscosity of itself all can cause very big resistance to reamer and the power main shaft of extruding, the method that adopts the straight axle can make the straight axle bear great axial load for a long time, can cause the straight axle to warp and then lead to the power transmission unstability after long-time work, make main shaft and reamer and extrude the box collision and cause the damage. The existing double-stage vacuum extruder also has the problem that extruded mud strips have cracks, and the quality of extruded products is poor due to the fact that the structures and the using methods of an extruder head and an extrusion die of the existing double-stage vacuum extruder are not good enough for healing the cracks.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a using method of a two-stage vacuum extruder, which aims to solve the problems of uneven water mixing and slurry splashing when the conventional two-stage vacuum extruder is used.

In order to achieve the purpose, the basic technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the use method of the double-stage vacuum extruder comprises an upper stage use method and a lower stage use method, wherein the upper stage use method comprises a feeding method, a water adding method and a vacuumizing method, and the lower stage use method comprises a power transmission method, a feeding method and an extrusion method; the feeding method comprises the steps of pouring raw materials from an opening at the top of a feeding box, stirring and conveying the raw materials into a vacuumizing box by using a spiral reamer in the feeding box; the water adding method comprises the steps that atomizing nozzles are arranged on the side wall of a feeding hole of the feeding box and the top of the spiral conveying section, water mist is continuously sprayed on the spiral conveying section, and the water mist is sprayed at the position of the feeding hole when raw materials are poured at each time.

The scheme has the advantages that: 1. the upper and lower two stages are divided into functional areas respectively to determine corresponding use methods, and the high-efficiency use of the two-stage vacuum extruder is realized through the synergistic effect of the use methods of all the parts, so that the production efficiency and the production quality are improved; 2. the water adding method adopts an atomized water process to uniformly add water to the raw material, and the water mist is fully contacted and attached to the surface of raw material particles after the raw material is stirred each time, so that the problems of slurry splashing and non-uniform mixing caused by direct impact of a large stream of water on the raw material are avoided; 3. 4, adopt the technology that all uses the atomizing water in feed inlet and auger delivery section, adopt two segmentations to add the water method, the ration is added water and is not adjustable during the feeding, adds water again according to the stirring mixing degree adjustment nature of raw materials in the transportation process for the raw materials moisture content that the evacuation case was carried in the feeding can more accurate control, makes the product viscosity, density, the crackle rate of extruding all obtain better control, and fashioned product quality is better.

Further, the vacuumizing method comprises the steps of feeding materials from the side end of the vacuumizing box, vacuumizing the raw materials in the vacuumizing box from the top end of the vacuumizing box, and discharging the raw materials from the bottom of the vacuumizing box into the lower stage of the double-stage vacuum extruder. Preferably, the method is adopted, the raw material enters from the side end of the vacuum box and then moves downwards under the action of gravity to enter the lower stage, so that air mixed in the raw material can be effectively pumped out and the raw material is prevented from being pumped out by performing vacuum-pumping treatment from the top end of the vacuum box, and the vacuum extrusion compaction effect of the raw material can be better realized.

Further, the power transmission method comprises the steps that power output by the speed reducer is output through the tooth type connecting shaft device, and then the power output by the tooth type connecting shaft device is input to the main shaft of the next feeding stage through the clamping shell type connecting shaft device. Preferably, the two-stage coupling transmission is adopted in the power transmission process of the lower stage, the power output by the speed reducer is stably transmitted through the tooth-type coupling device, the relative displacement between shafts in the power transmission process is compensated, the loads in multiple directions borne by the shafts are weakened, then the shell-type coupling device is adopted to transmit the power to the extrusion main shaft of the lower stage, the vibration borne by the main shaft is further buffered on the basis of the tooth-type coupling compensation displacement, the anti-bending deformation capacity is excellent, the stable axial support can be provided for the main shaft, and the power transmission of the main shaft is more stable.

Further, the feeding method comprises the steps that the raw materials are extruded into a lower-stage extrusion box by a transverse rotating shaft provided with a mud pressing plate in the vacuumizing box, and the raw materials are spirally conveyed to an extrusion die by a spiral reamer in the extrusion box. The raw materials can be further extruded and conveyed downwards through the mud pressing plate in the vacuumizing box except that the raw materials move under the self-weight action preferably, gas in the raw materials is further promoted to be discharged through mechanical extrusion simultaneously under the vacuumizing action, so that the raw materials are more compact, the raw materials are further subjected to spiral stirring and conveying again through the spiral reamer, the raw materials are mixed again, and the raw materials are more uniform.

Furthermore, in the feeding method, the transverse rotating shaft and the lower-stage speed reducer are connected by a flexible coupling. Preferably, the transverse rotating shaft can be ensured not to generate bending deformation in the process of transmitting power, and the deformation load borne by the transverse rotating shaft is weakened through the flexible coupling, so that the power transmission of the mud pressing plate is more stable.

Further, the extrusion method comprises the steps of pressurizing and conveying the raw materials in an extrusion box by using spiral reamer with diameters sequentially reduced along the extrusion direction, monitoring the extrusion pressure on an extruder head, and extruding the raw materials to form mud strips at an extrusion die. The method is preferably adopted, so that the raw material conveying from the feeding end to the extrusion end in the extrusion box is in a fast and slow state, the spiral conveying force of the feeding end is large to push a large amount of raw materials forwards, the spiral conveying force to the extrusion end is gradually reduced, the raw material of the feeding end is enabled to stack the extrusion force layer on the raw material of the extrusion end, the raw material of the extrusion end is further enabled to be extruded after being subjected to higher pressure, the raw material is enabled to be more fully mixed, the texture is more compact, and the quality of the extruded product is better.

Further, the extrusion method also comprises the step of carrying out crack elimination treatment on the extruder head and the extrusion die, and eliminating cracks formed by the spiral reamer by extruding the raw materials with a necking in the extruder head. The method is preferably adopted to improve the influence of the extruder on the molding raw materials at the extrusion end, so that the extruded product has no cracks and has better quality and service life.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view of a dual stage vacuum extruder in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a left side view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the clay cylinder and extruder head of FIG. 2;

fig. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the universal joint of fig. 2.

Detailed Description

The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:

reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a superior speed reducer 1, a feeding box 2, a vacuumizing box 3, a subordinate speed reducer 4, a gear coupling 41, a clamping shell type coupling 42, a universal coupling 43, a connecting cylinder 431, a connecting plate 4311, a partition plate 4312, a connecting hole 4313, a gate plate 434, a tension spring 4341, a touch plate 4342, an electromagnet 435, an insert rod 436, a permanent magnet 437, a sleeve 438, a charging storage battery 439, an extrusion box 5, a mud cylinder 6, an extrusion head 7, an annular necking 71, a connecting frame 8, a support 81, a core rod 82, a stepped shaft 83, a taper sleeve 84, a wear-resistant block 85 and a mounting sleeve 86.

Example (b): the embodiment provides a doublestage vacuum extruder, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, including higher level's device and subordinate's device, higher level's device includes from the right side to left higher level speed reducer 1 that connects gradually, feeding case 2 and evacuation case 3, the inboard bottom cross-section profile of feeding case 2 is two crossing circular arcs, wear to be equipped with two spiral reamer axles side by side in the feeding case 2, be equipped with the division board in the feeding case 2, the division board separates feeding case 2 into feed space and transfer chamber, the open-top of feeding case 2 sets up, all pass through the coupling joint between higher level speed reducer 1 and two spiral reamer axles, all install the atomizer of single row on the open-top inside wall of feeding case 2, the spraying end of atomizer is towards the inside of feeding case 2. The upper and lower both ends of evacuation case 3 are all opened the setting, and the upper end opening of evacuation case 3 is connected with the pressure gauge and the evacuation equipment of measuring vacuum, and specific evacuation pump for selling on the market, the side of evacuation case 3 also is equipped with the opening, and the spiral reamer axle of feeding case 2 stretches into in the evacuation case 3 from the side.

The subordinate device comprises a subordinate speed reducer 4, an extrusion box 5, a mud cylinder 6, an extrusion machine head 7 and an extrusion die which are sequentially connected from back to front, wherein an opening is formed in the upper end of the extrusion box 5, a bottom opening of the vacuumizing box 3 is butted with an upper end opening of the extrusion box 5, an extrusion main shaft is arranged on the lower portion of the extrusion box 5 in a penetrating mode, two mud pressing plate main shafts which are arranged side by side are arranged above the extrusion main shaft, the subordinate speed reducer 4 and the extrusion main shaft are sequentially connected through a tooth-type coupler 41 and a shell-type coupler 42 to achieve power transmission, and the lower speed reducer and the mud pressing plate main shafts are connected through a universal coupler 43 to achieve power. The extrusion main shaft extends into the mud cylinder 6 from the side end of the extrusion box 5, and spiral reamer blades with diameters decreasing in sequence towards the direction of the extrusion head 7 are installed on the extrusion main shaft in the mud cylinder 6. Referring to fig. 3, the extruder head 7 is in a conical cylinder shape, an annular necking 71 protruding inwards is arranged on the inner side wall of the middle part of the extruder head 7, and the surface of the annular necking 71 is in arc smooth transition. The extrusion die is installed at the minor diameter end of the extruder head 7 and comprises a connecting frame 8, the length of the connecting frame 8 in the direction of the extruder head 7 is equal to half of the length of the extruder head 7, a support 81 is welded on the inner side of the connecting frame 8, a plurality of core rods 82 are welded and fixed on the support 81, the end part of each core rod 82 facing the extruder head 7 is in a conical shape, and the section of a single spoke of the support 81 is in a diamond shape. A stepped shaft 83 is coaxially and integrally formed at one end of the core rod 82 far away from the extruder head 7, a taper sleeve 84 is sleeved on the stepped shaft 83, a thread is processed at the end part of the stepped shaft 83, a rectangular block-shaped core head is tightly pressed and fixed at the thread part through a nut, the diameter of the small-diameter end of the taper sleeve 84 is smaller than that of the core rod 82, and the core head is abutted against the large-diameter end of the taper sleeve 84. The core print comprises a quadrangular pyramid-shaped mounting sleeve 86 and a rectangular wear-resistant block 85 sleeved on the mounting sleeve 86, a quadrangular pyramid hole matched with the mounting sleeve 86 is formed in the middle of the wear-resistant block 85, and the tip of the mounting sleeve 86 faces the taper sleeve 84. The wear-resistant block 85 is made of high manganese steel, and the mounting sleeve 86 is made of low carbon steel.

As shown in fig. 4, the universal coupling 43 includes a connecting cylinder 431, a universal joint is bolted to both ends of the connecting cylinder 431, and a shaft sleeve is bolted to one end of each universal joint, which is far from the connecting cylinder 431. The inside of connecting cylinder 431 is equipped with self-locking mechanism, and the middle part of universal joint and connecting cylinder 431 link is equipped with the jack, and specific jack setting is in the middle part of the end plate of universal joint and connecting cylinder 431 butt joint, and self-locking mechanism includes electromagnetic drive spare and inserted bar 436, and electromagnetic drive spare can drive inserted bar 436 and insert the jack, and inserted bar 436 is hexagonal prism form. Two through holes are formed in the side wall of the end portion of the connecting cylinder 431 and are symmetrically distributed along the axis of the connecting cylinder 431, a sliding switch is installed in each through hole, and the two sliding switches are connected in series in a power supply loop of the electromagnetic driving piece. A connecting plate 4311 extending along the circumferential direction is integrally formed at the end of the connecting cylinder 431, eight connecting holes 4313 are uniformly distributed on the connecting plate 4311 along the circumferential direction, and the axis of each connecting hole 4313 penetrates through the top end of the slide switch in the off state. The slide switch comprises a shutter 434 connected in the through hole in a sliding mode and two contact plates 4342 fixedly bonded on the inner side wall of the connecting cylinder 431, a tension spring 4341 is connected between the end portion, located on the inner side of the connecting cylinder 431, of the shutter 434 and the inner side wall of the connecting cylinder 431, and the end portion, located on the outer side of the connecting cylinder 431, of the shutter 434 is wedge-shaped. The middle part of the inner side of the connecting cylinder 431 is integrally formed with a partition plate 4312, and electromagnetic driving parts are arranged in the connecting cylinders 431 at the left side and the right side of the partition plate 4312. The electromagnetic driving part comprises a sleeve 438, the sleeve 438 is an aluminum alloy sleeve, the sleeve 438 is fixed in the middle of the partition plate 4312 through screws, an electromagnet 435 is fixed at one end of the sleeve 438, an insertion rod 436 is inserted into the other end of the sleeve 438, a permanent magnet 437 is fixed at one end of the insertion rod 436 facing the electromagnet 435, and the polarity of one end of the permanent magnet 437 facing the electromagnet 435 is the same as that of one end of the permanent magnet 437 facing the electromagnet 437 after the electromagnet 435 is electrified. A charging accumulator 439 is fixed on the inner side wall of the connecting cylinder 431, and the charging accumulator 439 is connected with the sliding switch and the electromagnet 435 in series through conducting wires.

The use method of the double-stage vacuum extruder comprises an upper stage use method and a lower stage use method, wherein the upper stage use method comprises a feeding method, a water adding method and a vacuumizing method, and the lower stage use method comprises a power transmission method, a feeding method and an extrusion method; the feeding method comprises the steps of pouring raw materials from an opening at the top of a feeding box 2, stirring and conveying the raw materials into a vacuumizing box 3 in the feeding box 2 by using a spiral reamer; the water adding method comprises the steps that atomizing nozzles are arranged on the side wall of a feeding hole of the feeding box 2 and the top of the spiral conveying section, water mist is continuously sprayed on the spiral conveying section, and the water mist is sprayed at the position of the feeding hole when raw materials are poured at each time.

The vacuumizing method comprises the steps of feeding materials from the side end of the vacuumizing box 3, vacuumizing raw materials in the vacuumizing box 3 from the top end of the vacuumizing box 3, and discharging the raw materials from the bottom of the vacuumizing box 3 to enter the lower stage of the double-stage vacuum extruder.

The power transmission method comprises the steps that power output by the speed reducer is output through the tooth type coupling 41, then the power output by the tooth type coupling 41 is input to the main shaft of the next feeding through the shell type coupling 42, and the main shaft of the next feeding is connected with the extrusion box 5 through the stable bearing seat.

The feeding method comprises extruding the raw materials into a lower extrusion box 5 by a transverse rotating shaft provided with a mud pressing plate in a vacuum pumping box 3, and spirally conveying the raw materials to an extrusion die by a spiral reamer in a mud cylinder 6. In the feeding method, the transverse rotating shaft is connected with the lower-stage speed reducer 4 by a universal coupling 43.

When using universal joint 43, accomplish earlier the location installation of doublestage vacuum extruder subordinate's speed reducer and mud pressing board main shaft, then with universal joint and connecting cylinder 431 separation, earlier axle sleeve and speed reducer or mud pressing board main shaft key-type connection that the universal joint is connected for the universal joint is installed epaxially earlier, then with between driving handling connecting cylinder 431 to two universal joints, wear to establish the bolt behind the alignment connecting plate 4311 and carry out being connected between connecting cylinder 431 and the universal joint. The bolt is inserted into the connection hole 4313 and then presses the shutter 434 of the slide switch, so that the shutter 434 moves toward the inside of the connection cylinder 431 against the tensile force of the tension spring 4341, the shutter 434 contacts with the two contact plates 4342 to close the slide switch, the bolt is connected with the nut and then the shutter 434 is kept pressed toward the inside of the connection cylinder 431, and the slide switch is kept in a closed state. After the bolts corresponding to the two through holes are connected in the connecting hole 4313, the two sliding switches are closed, a power supply loop of the electromagnet 435 is conducted, the electromagnet 435 is electrified to generate magnetism, the electromagnet 435 and the permanent magnet 437 on the plug-in post repel each other, the plug-in post is pushed by repulsive force to move along the sleeve 438 to be inserted into the jack, the connection between the connecting cylinder 431 and the universal joint is realized through the bolts in the connecting hole 4313 synchronously, the internal connection between the universal joint and the connecting cylinder 431 is realized through the matching of the plug-in post and the jack, the rotating torque received by the universal joint is transmitted to the connecting cylinder 431 through the bolts and the plug-in post in a dual mode, and compared with the traditional mode of only adopting bolt connection, the. When the speed reducer needs to be maintained and the position of the speed reducer is adjusted and the charging storage battery 439 is charged, the bolt is directly loosened and taken out, the shutter 434 is reset under the pulling of the tension spring 4341, the sliding switch is disconnected, the electromagnet 435 is powered off, the permanent magnet adsorbs an iron core of the electromagnet 435, the iron core is fixed, the permanent magnet 437 drives the insertion rod 436 to move towards the electromagnet 435 in the sleeve 438 so as to be separated from the insertion hole, the universal joint is disconnected from the connecting cylinder 431, and therefore the connecting cylinder 431 can be vertically translated from the middle part to be taken down for maintenance of the connecting cylinder 431 or the universal joint, and the speed reducer or the main shaft does not need to be moved. Connect respectively from the tip of two axles through two universal joints for power between two axles is flexible transmission, and adopts inside and outside dual connection's structure, makes the deviation of connecting littleer, and is more steady among the power transmission process.

The extrusion method comprises pressurizing and conveying the raw materials in a mud cylinder 6 by using spiral reamer with diameters decreasing in sequence along the extrusion direction, monitoring the extrusion pressure on an extruder head 7, and extruding the raw materials to form mud strips at an extrusion die.

The extrusion method also comprises the steps of carrying out crack elimination treatment on the extruder head 7 and the extrusion die, extruding the raw material by using a necking in the extruder head 7 to eliminate cracks formed by the spiral reamer, and extending the extrusion distance of the clay strips by using the connecting frame 8 at the extrusion die to further eliminate tool rest cracks on the clay strips.

A vacuum sensor is arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the vacuumizing box 3, a material level sensor is arranged on the side wall of the middle part of the vacuumizing box 3, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged at the large-diameter end of the extruder head 7, the vacuum sensor, the material level sensor, the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are all in signal connection with a control cabinet, and after the signals are analyzed and processed by the control cabinet, the signals are output to a power source, a vacuumizing pump and other equipment, so that the state of each part in the double-stage vacuum extruder is adjusted in real time.

Claims (5)

1. The use method of the double-stage vacuum extruder is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises an upper-level using method and a lower-level using method, wherein the upper-level using method comprises a feeding method, a water adding method and a vacuumizing method, and the lower-level using method comprises a power transmission method, a feeding method and an extrusion method;

the feeding method comprises the steps of pouring raw materials from an opening at the top of a feeding box, stirring and conveying the raw materials into a vacuumizing box by using a spiral reamer in the feeding box;

in the feeding method, a transverse rotating shaft and a lower-level speed reducer are connected by a universal coupling, the positioning installation of the lower-level speed reducer and a mud pressing plate main shaft of the double-stage vacuum extruder is firstly completed, then a universal joint is separated from a connecting cylinder, a shaft sleeve connected with the universal joint is firstly connected with the speed reducer or the mud pressing plate main shaft in a key mode, so that the universal joint is firstly installed on the shaft, then the connecting cylinder is hoisted to a position between two universal joints by a crane, and a bolt is arranged in a penetrating mode to connect the connecting cylinder and the universal joint after the connecting plate is; the bolt penetrates through the connecting hole and then extrudes the flashboard of the sliding switch, so that the flashboard overcomes the pulling force of the tension spring and moves towards the inside of the connecting cylinder, the flashboard is contacted with the two touch plates to close the sliding switch, the bolt is connected with the nut and then keeps the state that the flashboard is pushed into the connecting cylinder, and the sliding switch keeps the closed state; after the bolts corresponding to the two through holes are connected into the connecting holes, the two sliding switches are closed, a power supply loop of the electromagnet is conducted, the electromagnet is electrified to generate magnetism, and the electromagnet and the permanent magnet on the inserting column repel each other, so that the inserting column is pushed by repulsive force to move along the sleeve to be inserted into the inserting hole, the connection between the connecting cylinder and the universal joint is synchronously realized through the bolts in the connecting holes, and the connection between the universal joint and the connecting cylinder is realized through the matching of the inserting column and the inserting hole;

the water adding method comprises the steps that atomizing spray heads are arranged on the side wall of a feeding hole of a feeding box and the top of a spiral conveying section, water mist is continuously sprayed on the spiral conveying section, and the water mist is sprayed at the feeding hole every time when raw materials are poured;

the extrusion method also comprises the steps of carrying out crack elimination treatment on the extruder head and the extrusion die, eliminating cracks formed by the spiral reamer by using a necking extrusion raw material in the extruder head, dividing the pug on the extrusion die by using a support with a rhombic cross section, and carrying out knife rest crack elimination and pug strip sizing on the pug by using a detachable core rod and a core head.

2. Use of a dual stage vacuum extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vacuumizing method comprises the steps of feeding from the side end of a vacuumizing box, vacuumizing raw materials in the vacuumizing box from the top end of the vacuumizing box, and discharging the raw materials from the bottom of the vacuumizing box to enter the lower stage of a double-stage vacuum extruder.

3. Use of a dual stage vacuum extruder according to claim 2, characterized in that: the power transmission method comprises the steps that power output by the speed reducer is output through the tooth type connecting shaft device, and then the power output by the tooth type connecting shaft device is input to the lower-level feeding main shaft through the clamping shell type connecting shaft device.

4. Use of a dual stage vacuum extruder according to claim 3, characterized in that: the feeding method comprises the steps of extruding raw materials into a lower-stage extrusion box by using a transverse rotating shaft provided with a mud pressing plate in a vacuumizing box, and spirally conveying the raw materials to an extrusion die by using a spiral reamer in the extrusion box.

5. Use of the dual stage vacuum extruder according to claim 4, characterized in that: the extrusion method comprises the steps of pressurizing and conveying the raw materials in an extrusion box by using spiral reamer with diameters sequentially reduced along the extrusion direction, monitoring the extrusion pressure on an extruder head, and extruding the raw materials to form mud strips at an extrusion die.

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