CN109202320A - The prediction and control method of welding section organization and performance during a kind of magnesium iron Repair Welding - Google Patents
The prediction and control method of welding section organization and performance during a kind of magnesium iron Repair Welding Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109202320A CN109202320A CN201811013726.3A CN201811013726A CN109202320A CN 109202320 A CN109202320 A CN 109202320A CN 201811013726 A CN201811013726 A CN 201811013726A CN 109202320 A CN109202320 A CN 109202320A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- welding
- iron
- cooling rate
- magnesium iron
- critical cooling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
Abstract
The invention discloses the predictions and control method of welding section organization and performance during a kind of magnesium iron Repair Welding.It calculated by cast iron phase transformation dual system, determine Ductile Iron Welding area spoken parts in traditional operas and the critical condition mutually generated of hardening, formulate the technology and method for meeting the welding of magnesium iron high quality homogeneity accordingly.The present invention provides the reference frame that a kind of welding condition is selected, " empirical method " as compared with the past is more accurate and has specific aim.Stablize the critical cooling rate of transformation lower than occurring to be situated between by control welding sensitizing range cooling rate, it is ensured that welding section is generated without spoken parts in traditional operas and hardened structure, realizes G. Iron Castings high quality homogeneity REPAIR WELDING.Environmental protection and energy saving, economy are quick.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to welding sections during the welding technology field of metal material more particularly to a kind of magnesium iron Repair Welding
The prediction and control method of organization and performance.
Background technique
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron in engineering field using very extensive, but its inevitably generate in casting process it is various
Casting flaw such as stomata, slag inclusion, shrinkage cavity and porosity, sand holes, crack etc., to misrun casting carry out it is effective repair to avoid because
Defect and scrap with great economic significance, thus have a large amount of misrun casting every year and need to carry out REPAIR WELDING.However,
Since the solidification phase transformation of cast iron has double grading, change when cooling rate is larger by Jie's stability series, carbon is precipitated in the form of cementite, shape
At spoken parts in traditional operas and hardened structure, leading to welding section excessive high hardness, machine adds degradation, and casting service precision reduces, therefore, magnesium iron
Weldability is poor.Currently, Ductile Iron Welding mainly uses 600~700 DEG C of hot weldering and the half of 350~400 DEG C hot soldering method,
Welding procedure usually relies on estimation or experience to be formulated, this be just likely to because preheating temperature it is excessively high caused by the energy excess waste, have
It is contrary in the green remanufacturing theory of current environmental protection and energy saving.Therefore, it is necessary to develop a kind of welding procedure of the fining of science to formulate
Method saves defect G. Iron Castings and remanufactures production cost to avoid the wasting of resources and environmental pollution.
Control spoken parts in traditional operas and hardened structure, to prevent the major measure of weld crack be slow down magnesium iron homogeneity welding section metal cold
But rate, including the control of molten bath solidification cooling rate and the control of welding section solid-state phase changes cooling rate.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the predictions and control of welding section organization and performance during a kind of magnesium iron Repair Welding
Method processed.This method can select corresponding welding condition according to the ingredient, wall thickness and welding position of casting, solve
The blindness and " empiricism " that the faced preheating blindness of the hot weldering of cast iron at present, welding condition are formulated.Guaranteeing to weld
Under the premise of connecing quality requirement, the energy consumption of welding process can not only be greatly lowered, but also can be adjusted flexibly according to the actual situation
Welding condition.
To achieve the above object the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The present invention is calculated by spheroidal graphite cast-iron phase transformation dual system, determines Nodular Iron Welding area spoken parts in traditional operas and harden and mutually generate
Critical condition, accordingly formulate meet spheroidal graphite cast-iron high quality homogeneity welding technology and method.
The prediction and control method of welding section organization and performance, include the following steps: during a kind of magnesium iron Repair Welding
(1) critical cooling rate of magnesium iron homogeneity welding joint structure Yu performance sensitive area is determined
In the melting welding region of spheroidal graphite cast-iron, fusion area cooling rate is maximum, which tends to occur metastable phase in process of setting
Become, easily formation white structure；Its immediate overheated zone in the area easily forms hardened structure in continuous cooling process
Solid-state phase changes.Nodular Iron Welding overheated zone is spoken parts in traditional operas and the most sensitive region of hardened structure.Therefore, Nodular Iron Welding district's groups
The cooling rate for essentially consisting in control fusion area process of setting and overheated zone solid-state phase changes process with Properties Control is knitted, how to be controlled
And controlling extent is the key technique of ductile cast iron homogeneous welding.
It obtains spheroidal graphite cast-iron in conjunction with magnesium iron homogeneity Welding experiment according to Fe-C equilbrium phase diagram and magnesium iron CCT curve and is situated between
The critical cooling rate t of stable solidification phase transformationCR1200/1000=8.0s generates the critical cooling rate t of hardened structure8/5=
19.0s；
Fusion area is set to solidify cooling rate less than Critical cooling speed t by controlling welding condition1200/1000>tCR1200/1000, overheat
Area's solid-state phase changes cooling rate is less than Critical cooling speed t8/5>tCR8/5, it is ensured that ductile cast iron homogeneous welding section does not generate spoken parts in traditional operas and group of hardening
It knits.By by lower the acquired t of set process conditions1200/1000And t8/5Compared with above-mentioned corresponding two kinds of Critical cooling speed, pass through
Welding condition is adjusted, is accomplished so that most economical, most thrifty, most efficiently process conditions are same come the high quality for realizing spheroidal graphite cast-iron
Matter REPAIR WELDING.
(2) cooling rate of Nodular Iron Welding phase transformation sensitizing range is calculated
It is calculated according to suitable welding temperature Flow Field Numerical is established by the position of the size of weldering base material, defect and its size shape
Model.G. Iron Castings welding section Temperature Distribution and phase transformation sensitizing range can be acquired using welding temperature field model by inputting welding condition
The welding thermal cycle curve of reconnaissance calculates the cooling rate of sensitive welding section.
Fusion area process of setting be averaged cooling rate use 1200 DEG C to 1000 DEG C temperature ranges lasting t cooling time1200/1000
To indicate.Average cooling rate of the overheated zone in solid-state continuous cooling process uses the lasting cooling of 800 DEG C to 500 DEG C temperature ranges
Time t8/5It indicates.
(3) welding procedure is determined
By calculating resulting cooling time under comparison given process Parameter Conditions and not generating spoken parts in traditional operas and hardened structure
Critical cooling time then can avoid the generation of white structure if more than critical cooling time, on the contrary then do not meet for qualified technique
It is required that needing to increase welding condition.If it is more to be greater than critical cooling time gained cooling time, technique can be suitably reduced
Parameter is with energy saving.
Specific practice is so that fusion area is solidified cooling rate less than Critical cooling speed t by controlling welding condition1200/1000>
tCR1200/1000, overheated zone solid-state phase changes cooling rate be less than Critical cooling speed t8/5>tCR8/5, it is ensured that ductile cast iron homogeneous welding section does not generate
Spoken parts in traditional operas and hardened structure.By by t obtained under set process conditions1200/1000And t8/5It is critical cold with above-mentioned corresponding two kinds
Speed compares, and adjusts welding condition.Accomplish so that most economical, most thrifty, most efficiently process conditions realize the height of magnesium iron
Quality homogeneity REPAIR WELDING.
(4) the homogeneity REPAIR WELDING of magnesium iron is carried out
Welding condition obtained by computation carries out the Repair Welding of spheroidal graphite cast-iron.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that determined the present invention provides a kind of welding condition
Scientific basis, it is more more accurate than traditional " empirical method ".By air chill sensitizing range in control welding process, (i.e. cooling rate is most fast
Microcell) cooling rate during solidification and solid-state phase changes is less than to occur to be situated between and stablizes the Critical cooling speed of transformation, it is ensured that and welding section is without white
Mouthful and hardened structure, so as to avoid the blindness of Ductile Iron Welding technological parameter selection, and energy conservation and environmental protection.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart that welding condition of the invention determines.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
The present invention provides a kind of determination method of welding condition during magnesium iron homogeneity Repair Welding, as shown in Figure 1,
It carries out according to the following steps.
1. welding temperature Flow Field Numerical calculates
Three dimensional finite difference models for temperature field is established according to by the defect of weldering casting and its size shape.Using finite difference
Method replaces difference quotient by equation of heat conduction discretization, with difference coefficient, derives finite difference equations.Using MATLAB software, pass through
Model programming and result output, visualize welding thermal process.Initialization procedure is set according to material and zoning
All kinds of parameters involved in modeling process, such as size of mesh opening, materials thermophysics coefficient, time step, initial temperature, environment temperature
Deng.Temperature field is calculated as load heat source to equation of heat conduction cycle calculations, obtains each time using D frictional contact
The temperature value of grid cell in step-length, and preserve, it finally obtains its thermal cycling curve, fusion is found out by thermal cycling curve
Area is a little in the cooling time in specific temperature section.
2. finding out the t of fusion area under given process parameter1200/1000And t8/5
Welding current, casting preheating temperature, postheat temperature (temperature of environment in model) are brought into model and calculated, is found out
A little in t cooling time of 1200 DEG C to 1000 DEG C temperature ranges in fusion area1200/1000And 800 DEG C to 500 DEG C temperature ranges
Cooling time t8/5。
3. the determination of welding procedure
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron QT450-8 hair is obtained in conjunction with magnesium iron homogeneity Welding experiment according to Fe-C phasor and magnesium iron CCT curve
The critical cooling rate t of raw Jie's stable solidification phase transformationCR1200/1000=8.0s, the critical cooling rate t for generating hardened structureCR8/5
=19.0s.Therefore, control welding condition makes t1200/1000> 8.0s, t8/5> 19.0s, it can be ensured that be not in group of hardening
It knits.Pass through comparison critical cooling time and lower the acquired t of given process parameter1200/1000And t8/5, if more than critical cooling time
It then can avoid the generation of spoken parts in traditional operas and hardened structure, it is on the contrary then undesirable for qualified technique, need to increase welding procedure ginseng
Number.If it is more to be higher than critical cooling time gained cooling time, technological parameter can be reduced suitably with energy saving.
4. welding
Welding condition obtained by computation carries out the Repair Welding of spheroidal graphite cast-iron.
Embodiment 1
To 150mm × 150mm × 20mm QT450-8 magnesium iron test plate (panel), the artificial defect of Φ 15mm × 8mm is manufactured.It will be pre-
Hot temperature T0=250 DEG C, welding current I=240A, postheat temperature (postweld heat preservation temperature) Tp=250 DEG C, weld interval t=30s
Equal technological parameters bring model into, are computed gained t1200/1000=8.3s, t8/5=24.0s, slightly larger than be equal to it is critical cooling when
Between (tCR1200/1000=8.0s, t8/5=19.0s), it is appropriate process parameter.Soldering test is carried out using this welding condition,
Postwelding metallographic observation finds welding section substantially without spoken parts in traditional operas and hardened structure, and machining property is preferable.
Embodiment 2
To 150mm × 150mm × 20mm QT450-8 magnesium iron test plate (panel), the artificial defect of Φ 15mm × 8mm is manufactured.It will be pre-
Hot temperature T0=100 DEG C, welding current I=240A, postheat temperature Tp=400 DEG C, the technological parameters band such as weld interval about t=30s
Enter model, is computed gained t1200/1000=8.5s, t8/5=28.0s, slightly larger than equal to critical cooling time (tCR1200/1000=
8.0s, t8/5=19.0s), it is appropriate process parameter.Soldering test, postwelding metallographic observation hair are carried out using this welding condition
Almost without spoken parts in traditional operas and hardened structure, machining property is good for existing welding section.
Embodiment 3
To 150mm × 150mm × 20mm QT450-8 magnesium iron test plate (panel), the artificial defect of Φ 15mm × 8mm is manufactured.It will be pre-
Hot temperature T0=400 DEG C, welding current I=240A, postheat temperature Tp=100 DEG C, the technological parameters such as weld interval t=30s are brought into
Model is computed gained t1200/1000=8.1s, t8/5=21.0s joins slightly larger than critical cooling time is equal to for appropriate process
Number.Soldering test is carried out using this welding condition, postwelding metallographic observation finds welding section substantially without spoken parts in traditional operas and group of hardening
It knits, machining property is preferable.
Embodiment 4
To 150mm × 150mm × 20mm QT450-8 magnesium iron test plate (panel), the artificial defect of Φ 15mm × 8mm is manufactured.It will be pre-
Hot temperature T0=25 DEG C, welding current I=280A, postheat temperature Tp=300 DEG C, the technological parameters such as weld interval t=30s are brought into
Model is computed gained t1200/1000=7.5s, t8/5=20.0s joins all close to critical cooling time for critical welding procedure
Number.Soldering test is carried out using this welding condition, there is a small amount of spoken parts in traditional operas in postwelding metallographic observation discovery welding section, substantially without hardening
Tissue can be carried out machining, but occasionally have amusing knife phenomenon.
Embodiment 5
To 150mm × 150mm × 20mm QT450-8 magnesium iron test plate (panel), the artificial defect of prefabricated Φ 15mm × 8mm.It will be pre-
Hot temperature T0=250 DEG C, welding current I=200A, postheat temperature Tp=250 DEG C, the technological parameters such as weld interval t=30s are brought into
Model is computed gained t1200/1000=9.0s, t8/5=20.0s is slightly larger than critical cooling time, is appropriate process parameter.
Soldering test is carried out using this welding condition, postwelding metallographic observation is generated without spoken parts in traditional operas and hardened structure, machining property
Well.
Embodiment 6
To 150mm × 150mm × 20mm QT450-8 magnesium iron test plate (panel), the artificial defect of prefabricated Φ 15mm × 8mm.It will be pre-
Hot temperature T0=300 DEG C, welding current I=240A, postheat temperature Tp=300 DEG C, the technological parameters such as weld interval t=30s are brought into
Model is computed gained t1200/1000=8.3s, t8/5=34.0s joins slightly larger than critical cooling time is equal to for appropriate process
Number.Soldering test is carried out using this welding condition, postwelding metallographic observation finds welding section substantially without spoken parts in traditional operas and group of hardening
It knits, machining property is excellent.
The above is present pre-ferred embodiments, for the ordinary skill in the art, according to the present invention
Introduction, in the case where not departing from the principle of the present invention and spirit, changes, modifications, replacement and change that embodiment is carried out
Type is still fallen within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the prediction and control method of welding section organization and performance during a kind of magnesium iron Repair Welding, which is characterized in that including
Following steps:
(1) critical cooling rate of magnesium iron homogeneity welding organization and performance sensitizing range is determined
It obtains spheroidal graphite cast-iron in conjunction with magnesium iron homogeneity Welding experiment according to Fe-C phasor and magnesium iron CCT curve and Jie's stable solidification occurs
The critical cooling rate t of phase transformationCR1200/1000=8.0s generates the critical cooling rate t of hardened structure8/5=19.0s；
(2) cooling rate of Nodular Iron Welding phase transformation sensitizing range is calculated
According to by the position of the size of weldering base material, defect and its shape, size, establishes suitable welding temperature Flow Field Numerical and calculate mould
Type inputs the process of setting of welding parameters calculation Nodular Iron Welding sensitizing range and the average cooling speed in solid-state phase changes section
Rate t1200/1000And t8/5；
(3) welding procedure is determined
By control welding condition make fusion area solidify cooling rate be less than Critical cooling speed t1200/1000 > tCR1200/1000,
Overheated zone solid-state phase changes cooling rate be less than Critical cooling speed t8/5 > tCR8/5, it is ensured that ductile cast iron homogeneous welding section do not generate spoken parts in traditional operas and
Hardened structure, by by lower the acquired t1200/1000 and t8/5 of set process conditions and above-mentioned corresponding two kinds of Critical cooling speed phases
Comparison adjusts welding condition, realizes the high quality homogeneity REPAIR WELDING of magnesium iron；
(4) the homogeneity REPAIR WELDING of magnesium iron is carried out
Welding condition obtained by computation carries out the Repair Welding of spheroidal graphite cast-iron.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811013726.3A CN109202320A (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2018-08-31 | The prediction and control method of welding section organization and performance during a kind of magnesium iron Repair Welding |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811013726.3A CN109202320A (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2018-08-31 | The prediction and control method of welding section organization and performance during a kind of magnesium iron Repair Welding |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109202320A true CN109202320A (en) | 2019-01-15 |
Family
ID=64985504
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811013726.3A Pending CN109202320A (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2018-08-31 | The prediction and control method of welding section organization and performance during a kind of magnesium iron Repair Welding |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109202320A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111037143A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-21 | 新兴际华集团有限公司 | Method for regulating and controlling weld joint structure performance based on welding thermal cycle |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101412174A (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2009-04-22 | 国营第八四四厂 | Method for confirming preheating temperature of steel material welding |
| CN101850479A (en) * | 2010-06-21 | 2010-10-06 | 西安理工大学 | Welding material for rapidly welding and repairing defects of large-scale ductile iron castings and repairing method |
| CN102728932A (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2012-10-17 | 江苏新瑞峰信息科技有限公司 | Method and device for automatically optimizing electric-arc welding process parameters |
| CN103530455A (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2014-01-22 | 天津大学 | Method for predicating t[8/5] value of fusion zone in underwater wet welding |
| US20180229321A1 (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2018-08-16 | Arvinmeritor Technology, Llc | Resistance Brazing for a Shaft Balancing System |
-
2018
- 2018-08-31 CN CN201811013726.3A patent/CN109202320A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101412174A (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2009-04-22 | 国营第八四四厂 | Method for confirming preheating temperature of steel material welding |
| CN101850479A (en) * | 2010-06-21 | 2010-10-06 | 西安理工大学 | Welding material for rapidly welding and repairing defects of large-scale ductile iron castings and repairing method |
| CN102728932A (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2012-10-17 | 江苏新瑞峰信息科技有限公司 | Method and device for automatically optimizing electric-arc welding process parameters |
| CN103530455A (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2014-01-22 | 天津大学 | Method for predicating t[8/5] value of fusion zone in underwater wet welding |
| US20180229321A1 (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2018-08-16 | Arvinmeritor Technology, Llc | Resistance Brazing for a Shaft Balancing System |
Non-Patent Citations (7)
| Title |
|---|
| 凌泽民 等: ""铸铁同质焊缝组织判据研究"", 《焊接》 * |
| 张丽红 等: "《金属材料焊接工艺》", 31 March 2014, 北京理工大学出版社 * |
| 曾乐: "《焊接工程学》", 30 June 1986, 新时代出版社 * |
| 汪建华: "《焊接数值模拟技术及其应用》", 31 October 2003, 上海交通大学出版社 * |
| 王引真 等: "《材料工程基础》", 31 May 2015, 中国石油大学出版社 * |
| 陈倩清: "《船舶焊接工艺学》", 30 September 2005, 哈尔滨工程大学出版社 * |
| 霍向东 等: "《钢的物理冶金 思考、方法和实践》", 31 December 2017, 冶金工业出版社 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111037143A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-21 | 新兴际华集团有限公司 | Method for regulating and controlling weld joint structure performance based on welding thermal cycle |
| CN111037143B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2022-09-06 | 新兴际华集团有限公司 | Method for regulating and controlling weld joint structure performance based on welding thermal cycle |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102019353B (en) | Precision casting molding method for complex thin-walled member | |
| CN103464690B (en) | A kind of manufacture method of ceramic mold of monocrystal turbine blade | |
| CN101954474B (en) | Method for preparing copper-lead alloy/steel bimetal laminated composite material | |
| CN101474666B (en) | Cooling method of continuous casting billet solidification processing temperature and quality control | |
| CN110489820A (en) | A kind of welding pool Microstructural Evolution analogy method based on Cellular Automata Method | |
| Zhang et al. | Application of an optimization method and experiment in inverse determination of interfacial heat transfer coefficients in the blade casting process | |
| CN107150115A (en) | A kind of alloy matrix aluminum engine Cast iron liner composite casting moulding process | |
| CN104174834B (en) | A kind of electroslag smelting casting manufacture method of turbine blade pressed compact | |
| CN109202320A (en) | The prediction and control method of welding section organization and performance during a kind of magnesium iron Repair Welding | |
| CN101892415B (en) | Method for producing castings by utilizing waste scrap iron and waste steel | |
| CN113111549B (en) | Erosion model modeling method and modeling system for casting repaired blast furnace hearth | |
| CN108284202A (en) | A kind of casting method improving ductile cast iron material tissue and performance and the casting by its casting | |
| CN104593770A (en) | Laser cladding method for preparing cobalt-based alloy coating on surface of vermicular graphite cast iron | |
| CN107138727A (en) | A kind of sector with dot matrix cooling structure obturages block preparation method | |
| CN107876739B (en) | Method for directly forming three-dimensional curved surface blade of water turbine runner through electroslag casting | |
| CN106435336A (en) | Nodular cast iron production process | |
| CN109202321A (en) | The prediction and control method of welding section organization and performance during a kind of gray iron Repair Welding | |
| CN108746564A (en) | The method for realizing directional solidification based on 3D printing multilayer hollow shell mould | |
| CN105057645B (en) | Method for preventing crack defect in ZTG 6 alloy casting cooling process | |
| Shehata et al. | Computer aided foundry die-design | |
| CN202667611U (en) | Aluminum alloy wheel hub side die provided with radiating fins | |
| CN205551429U (en) | Automobile frame die -casting equipment | |
| Anand et al. | Integration of Additive Fabrication with High-Pressure Die Casting for Quality Structural Castings of Aluminium Alloys; Optimising Energy Consumption | |
| Zeng et al. | Conformal Cooling Channel Shape Optimisation for High-Pressure Aluminium Die-Casting Tools Using the Adjoint Method | |
| CN112916804A (en) | Casting process for integrally casting large nodular cast iron impeller of vacuum pump |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20190115 |