CN109201816B - Method and system for preparing superplastic forming component with uniform wall thickness - Google Patents
Method and system for preparing superplastic forming component with uniform wall thickness Download PDFInfo
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- CN109201816B CN109201816B CN201710800341.0A CN201710800341A CN109201816B CN 109201816 B CN109201816 B CN 109201816B CN 201710800341 A CN201710800341 A CN 201710800341A CN 109201816 B CN109201816 B CN 109201816B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C51/00—Measuring, gauging, indicating, counting, or marking devices specially adapted for use in the production or manipulation of material in accordance with subclasses B21B - B21F
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
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Abstract
A method for preparing a superplastic forming component with uniform wall thickness relates to the field of superplastic forming. The method comprises the following steps: simulating and unfolding a part blank to be formed into a simulated part blank; performing position corresponding operation on the unfolded simulation part blank and the part blank to be formed; measuring and analyzing the wall thickness of a part blank to be formed, and processing the surface of the part blank to be formed according to the measurement and analysis result; and carrying out superplastic forming treatment on the part blank to be formed after the surface machining treatment to obtain the standard part. The invention also provides a system for preparing the superplastic forming component with uniform wall thickness. The invention pretreats different positions of the plate in advance to prepare plate blanks with different positions and different grain sizes, so that the blanks can obtain wall thickness reduction with different degrees in the superplastic forming process, thereby obtaining components with uniform wall thickness and complete forming.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of superplastic forming, in particular to a method and a system for preparing a superplastic forming component with uniform wall thickness.
Background
The superplastic forming technology is to finish the forming of a component by utilizing the superplasticity of a material to reduce the wall thickness, therefore, the uniformity of the wall thickness reduction is always the key point of attention, if the thickness reduction of a certain position is serious, the component is easy to damage at the position, and the component fails. However, the three methods are not suitable for controlling the uniformity of wall thickness distribution for two-layer, four-layer, etc. structures.
In addition, although the method can avoid local severe thinning by increasing the thickness of the plate, the uniformity of the wall thickness cannot be improved; the plate preforming method is to perform a plate in advance to reduce the wall thickness of a target position to be close to other positions so as to obtain a component with uniform wall thickness; the back blowing method is to control the forming process in the design of the die, and the plate is firstly formed towards the side opposite to the forming direction of the component, so that the component is formed after the effect similar to that of the pre-forming method is achieved. However, the pre-forming method and the blow-back method are only suitable for forming a single-layer structure, and cannot be realized for forming a two-layer or multi-layer structure, so that the application range is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve one of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing a superplastic forming member with a uniform wall thickness, comprising:
simulating and unfolding a part blank to be formed into a simulated part blank;
performing position corresponding operation on the unfolded simulation part blank and the part blank to be formed;
measuring and analyzing the wall thickness of a part blank to be formed, and processing the surface of the part blank to be formed according to the measurement and analysis result;
and carrying out superplastic forming treatment on the part blank to be formed after the surface machining treatment to obtain the standard part.
Preferably, the method further comprises: and measuring the grain size of the position where the surface processing treatment is carried out on the part blank to be formed.
Preferably, the process of measuring and analyzing the wall thickness of the blank of the part to be formed and performing surface processing treatment on the blank of the part to be formed according to the measurement and analysis result comprises the following steps: determining a position at which the wall thickness of a part blank to be formed does not exceed a preset thickness, corresponding the position to the part blank to be formed, and carrying out surface machining treatment on the position corresponding to the part blank to be formed for less than a preset number of times, wherein the grain size of the part blank to be formed at the position where the surface machining treatment is carried out is equal to a first preset grain size.
Preferably, the process of measuring and analyzing the wall thickness of the blank of the part to be formed and performing surface processing treatment on the blank of the part to be formed according to the measurement and analysis result comprises the following steps: determining a position of a part blank to be formed, wherein the wall thickness of the part blank exceeds the preset thickness, corresponding the position to the part blank to be formed, carrying out surface machining treatment for more than preset times on the position corresponding to the part blank to be formed, and enabling the grain size of the part blank to be formed at the position of the surface machining treatment to be equal to the second preset grain size.
Preferably, the surface processing mode comprises friction stir processing, rolling processing or local heat treatment processing.
To solve one of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a system for producing a superplastic forming member with a uniform wall thickness, comprising: a processor and a superplastic forming device,
the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations comprising:
simulating and expanding a part blank to be formed into a simulated part blank, carrying out position corresponding operation on the expanded simulated part blank and the part blank to be formed, measuring and analyzing the wall thickness of the part blank to be formed, and carrying out surface processing treatment on the part blank to be formed according to the measurement and analysis result;
the superplastic forming equipment is used for carrying out superplastic forming treatment on the part blank to be formed after the surface processing treatment.
Preferably, the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations such that: and measuring the grain size of the position where the surface processing treatment is carried out on the part blank to be formed.
Preferably, the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations such that:
determining a position at which the wall thickness of a part blank to be formed does not exceed a preset thickness, corresponding the position to the part blank to be formed, and carrying out surface machining treatment on the position corresponding to the part blank to be formed for less than a preset number of times, wherein the grain size of the part blank to be formed at the position where the surface machining treatment is carried out is equal to a first preset grain size.
Preferably, the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations such that:
determining a position of a part blank to be formed, wherein the wall thickness of the part blank exceeds the preset thickness, corresponding the position to the part blank to be formed, carrying out surface machining treatment for more than preset times on the position corresponding to the part blank to be formed, and enabling the grain size of the part blank to be formed at the position of the surface machining treatment to be equal to the second preset grain size.
Preferably, the surface processing method of the part blank to be formed comprises friction stir processing, rolling processing or local heat treatment processing.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a theoretical basis that the superplasticity of the material is closely related to the microstructure, and the smaller the microscopic grains are, the smaller the deformation resistance is under the same deformation condition, and the better the superplasticity is. According to the different deformation of different parts of single-layer, two-layer and four-layer structures and the different requirements for the superplasticity of the plate, the method proposes that the different positions of the plate are pretreated in advance to prepare plate blanks with different crystal grain sizes at different parts, so that the blanks obtain wall thickness reduction of different degrees in the superplastic forming process, thereby obtaining components with uniform wall thickness and complete forming.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a single-layer superplastic forming structure in which there are regions of severe wall thickness reduction and regions of greater wall thickness;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a double-layer superplastic forming structure in which there are regions of severe wall thickness reduction and regions of greater wall thickness;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a four-layer superplastic forming structure having a region of severe wall thickness reduction and a region of greater wall thickness;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method of making a superplastic forming member of uniform wall thickness according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a positional relationship between a blank of a part to be formed and an expanded dummy part blank according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view illustrating a surface processing of a blank of a part to be formed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a microstructure of a simulated part blank after different-pass friction stir processing according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a single-layer superplastic forming structure after a superplastic forming process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a two-layer superplastic forming structure after a superplastic forming process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a system for preparing a superplastic forming member with uniform wall thickness according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the following further detailed description of the exemplary embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings makes it clear that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and are not exhaustive of all embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
Fig. 1 to fig. 3 are schematic structural diagrams of a region with severe wall thickness reduction and a region with large wall thickness in single-layer, two-layer and four-layer superplastic structures in sequence. The traditional method for increasing the thickness of the plate, the plate pre-forming method, the back flushing method and the like cannot achieve good effect of uniform wall thickness. Thus, the present embodiment proposes a method of producing a superplastically formed member of uniform wall thickness, as shown in fig. 4, comprising:
s101, simulating and unfolding a part blank to be formed into a simulated part blank, and carrying out position corresponding operation on the unfolded simulated part blank and the part blank to be formed.
Specifically, a part blank to be formed is simulated and expanded by adopting professional analysis software, and the corresponding position relation between the part blank to be formed and the expanded simulated part blank is accurately determined.
S102, measuring and analyzing the wall thickness of the part blank to be formed, and processing the surface of the part blank to be formed according to the measurement and analysis result.
Specifically, after determining the corresponding position relationship between the part blank to be formed and the expanded simulation part blank, measuring and analyzing the wall thickness of the part blank to be formed, so as to determine a severe wall thickness reduction area and a small wall thickness reduction area of the part blank to be formed, wherein the severe wall thickness reduction area is the area where the wall thickness is smaller than a preset standard wall thickness, and the part deformation amount is large; and the area with the smaller wall thickness reduction is the area with the wall thickness larger than the preset standard wall thickness at the position, and the deformation of the part at the position is smaller.
For the superplastic forming field, the more passes of the surface processing treatment of the part, the smaller the grain size at the position, and conversely, the larger the grain size. Generally, for the position with larger deformation of the part, the wall thickness is seriously thinned, the grain size is large, the deformation resistance is high, and the superplasticity is poor. Therefore, the grain size of the base material is kept at the part blank position corresponding to the larger deformation of the part or fewer processing passes are adopted, so that the wall thickness reduction is reduced as much as possible due to higher deformation resistance in the superplastic forming process.
And for the position with smaller deformation of the part, the position has small grain size, low deformation resistance and good superplasticity. The corresponding position of the blank is processed by more times to obtain a structure with finer grains, so that the position is easier to deform and the wall thickness is reduced due to lower deformation resistance in the forming process. That is, "the deformation resistance is improved at a position where the deformation is large, and the deformation is transferred to a position where the deformation is small", thereby obtaining a uniform distribution of the wall thickness.
The surface processing method can adopt methods such as stirring friction processing, rolling processing, local heat treatment and the like to refine or coarsen local microscopic grains.
S103, performing superplastic forming treatment on the part blank to be formed after the surface machining treatment to obtain a standard part.
The method described in the above embodiment is applicable to single-layer, two-layer, and four-layer superplastic forming structures, and below, taking a single-layer superplastic forming structure as an example, as shown in fig. 5, a blank used for forming is developed and designed by using professional analysis software, and a position where wall thickness is severely reduced (a position where deformation is large) and a position where wall thickness is relatively small (a position where deformation is small) in a part forming process are determined. And (3) performing friction stir processing on the region with the severe wall thickness reduction by no or less passes, and performing friction stir processing on the corresponding position of the expanded blank in the region with the small wall thickness reduction by more passes to obtain the corresponding grain size, as shown in fig. 6. The selection of the friction stir processing pass is determined by observation and analysis of the microstructure, as shown in fig. 7 and 8. In the A-A direction cross section, the left side is a large strain area, and the coarse crystal structure has large deformation resistance and relatively small deformation; the right side is a small strain area, the fine grain structure has small deformation resistance and relatively large deformation. Fig. 8 corresponds to the three-pass processing, the two-pass processing, and the single-pass processing in fig. 7 in order from left to right, and the rightmost side in fig. 8 is the non-pass processing. After finishing the surface processing, the expanded blank is subjected to a normal superplastic forming process to complete the forming, and a single-layer superplastic forming structure with uniform wall thickness as shown in fig. 9 is obtained. A two-layer superplastic forming structure with uniform wall thickness is shown in figure 10.
Correspondingly, as shown in fig. 11, the present embodiment also proposes a system for producing a superplastic forming member with a uniform wall thickness, said system comprising: a processor and a superplastic forming device,
the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations comprising:
simulating and expanding a part blank to be formed into a simulated part blank, carrying out position corresponding operation on the expanded simulated part blank and the part blank to be formed, measuring and analyzing the wall thickness of the part blank to be formed, and carrying out surface processing treatment on the part blank to be formed according to the measurement and analysis result;
the superplastic forming equipment is used for carrying out superplastic forming treatment on the part blank to be formed after the surface processing treatment.
The processor can be professional analysis software, and is used for simulating and unfolding the part blank to be formed and accurately determining the corresponding position relation between the part blank to be formed and the unfolded simulated part blank.
After the corresponding position relation between the part blank to be formed and the part blank to be formed which is unfolded is determined, measuring and analyzing the wall thickness of the part blank to be formed, and determining a severe wall thickness reduction area and a small wall thickness reduction area of the part blank to be formed, wherein the severe wall thickness reduction area is the area with the wall thickness smaller than the preset standard wall thickness, and the part deformation amount of the position is large; and the area with the smaller wall thickness reduction is the area with the wall thickness larger than the preset standard wall thickness at the position, and the deformation of the part at the position is smaller.
For the superplastic forming field, the more passes of the surface processing treatment of the part, the smaller the grain size at the position, and conversely, the larger the grain size. Generally, for the position with larger deformation of the part, the wall thickness is seriously thinned, the grain size is large, the deformation resistance is high, and the superplasticity is poor. Therefore, the grain size of the base material is kept at the part blank position corresponding to the larger deformation of the part or fewer processing passes are adopted, so that the wall thickness reduction is reduced as much as possible due to higher deformation resistance in the superplastic forming process.
And for the position with smaller deformation of the part, the position has small grain size, low deformation resistance and good superplasticity. The corresponding position of the blank is processed by more times to obtain a structure with finer grains, so that the position is easier to deform and the wall thickness is reduced due to lower deformation resistance in the forming process. That is, "the deformation resistance is improved at a position where the deformation is large, and the deformation is transferred to a position where the deformation is small", thereby obtaining a uniform distribution of the wall thickness.
The surface processing method can adopt methods such as stirring friction processing, rolling processing, local heat treatment and the like to refine or coarsen local microscopic grains.
And after finishing the surface machining treatment, performing superplastic forming treatment on the part blank to be formed to obtain the standard part.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.
Claims (6)
1. A method of making a superplastic formed part of uniform wall thickness, said method comprising:
simulating and unfolding a part blank to be formed into a simulated part blank;
performing position corresponding operation on the unfolded simulation part blank and the part blank to be formed;
measuring and analyzing the wall thickness of a part blank to be formed, and processing the surface of the part blank to be formed according to the measurement and analysis result;
performing superplastic forming treatment on the part blank to be formed after the surface machining treatment to obtain a standard part;
the wall thickness of the part blank to be formed is measured and analyzed, and the surface processing treatment process of the part blank to be formed according to the measurement and analysis result is as follows: determining a position at which the wall thickness of a part blank to be formed does not exceed a preset thickness, corresponding the position to the part blank to be formed, and performing surface machining treatment on the position corresponding to the part blank to be formed for less than a preset number of times, wherein the grain size of the part blank to be formed at the position of the surface machining treatment is equal to a first preset grain size; determining a position of a part blank to be formed, wherein the wall thickness of the part blank exceeds the preset thickness, corresponding the position to the part blank to be formed, carrying out surface machining treatment for more than preset times on the position corresponding to the part blank to be formed, and enabling the grain size of the part blank to be formed at the position of the surface machining treatment to be equal to the second preset grain size.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: and measuring the grain size of the position where the surface processing treatment is carried out on the part blank to be formed.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface treatment comprises friction stir processing, rolling processing, or localized heat treatment processing.
4. A system for making a superplastic formed part of uniform wall thickness, said system comprising: a processor and a superplastic forming device,
the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations comprising:
simulating and expanding a part blank to be formed into a simulated part blank, carrying out position corresponding operation on the expanded simulated part blank and the part blank to be formed, measuring and analyzing the wall thickness of the part blank to be formed, and carrying out surface processing treatment on the part blank to be formed according to the measurement and analysis result;
the operations are such that:
determining a position at which the wall thickness of a part blank to be formed does not exceed a preset thickness, corresponding the position to the part blank to be formed, and performing surface machining treatment on the position corresponding to the part blank to be formed for less than a preset number of times, wherein the grain size of the part blank to be formed at the position of the surface machining treatment is equal to a first preset grain size; determining a position of a part blank to be formed, wherein the wall thickness of the part blank exceeds a preset thickness, corresponding the position to the part blank to be formed, and carrying out surface machining treatment for the position corresponding to the part blank to be formed for more than a preset number of times, wherein the grain size of the part blank to be formed at the position where the surface machining treatment is carried out is equal to a second preset grain size;
the superplastic forming equipment is used for carrying out superplastic forming treatment on the part blank to be formed after the surface processing treatment.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the processor is configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations such that: and measuring the grain size of the position where the surface processing treatment is carried out on the part blank to be formed.
6. The system of claim 4, wherein the means for surfacing the blank of the part to be formed comprises friction stir processing, rolling processing, or localized heat treatment processing.
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