CN109197468B - Planting method for reducing cadmium content in pseudo-ginseng - Google Patents
Planting method for reducing cadmium content in pseudo-ginseng Download PDFInfo
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- CN109197468B CN109197468B CN201811382872.3A CN201811382872A CN109197468B CN 109197468 B CN109197468 B CN 109197468B CN 201811382872 A CN201811382872 A CN 201811382872A CN 109197468 B CN109197468 B CN 109197468B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation, in particular to a planting method for reducing cadmium content in pseudo-ginsengThe method is carried out. The planting method comprises the following steps: applying a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer after transplanting the biennial panax notoginseng or the triannial panax notoginseng, wherein the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 150-300 kg.hm‑2The application amount of the potash fertilizer is 200-700 kg.hm‑2The application amount ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer is 1: (1.5 to 3). The invention applies nitrogen and potassium fertilizers with different proportions to 2-year-old pseudo-ginseng or 3-year-old pseudo-ginseng, and simultaneously performs base application and/or additional application according to different proportions. The cadmium content in the pseudo-ginseng root is 10 to 30 percent lower than that of the pseudo-ginseng medicinal material sold in the market in the fertilizing mode; the method is simple, efficient and convenient to implement, reduces the cadmium content while fertilizing, and is suitable for popularization and application in agricultural production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation, in particular to a planting method for reducing cadmium content in pseudo-ginseng.
Background
Notoginseng Panax notoginseng (Bruk) F.H.Chen is a perennial herb of Panax of Araliaceae, and the dried root tuber thereof is used as a medicine, has the functions of stopping bleeding and promoting blood circulation and regulating in two directions, and is commonly used for treating traumatic injury, sore and carbuncle, pyogenic infections, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and the like.
Yunnan province is the largest cadmium producing area in China, and annual cadmium yield reaches 63 tons and accounts for 46 percent of the total yield of China. Unfortunately, the suitable planting area of the pseudo-ginseng is highly overlapped with the non-ferrous metal mining area, so that the pseudo-ginseng and the planting soil have a serious cadmium pollution problem. Meanwhile, cadmium stress can also inhibit the growth and development of the panax notoginseng, so that oxidative stress damage is caused, and the accumulation of saponin is reduced. Therefore, the method has great significance for reducing the accumulation of cadmium in the panax notoginseng and relieving the stress damage of the cadmium to ensure the safety of the panax notoginseng medicinal material.
The main way of reducing the cadmium content in the panax notoginseng medicinal material is to reduce the absorption capacity of the panax notoginseng to the cadmium and the supply capacity of the soil cadmium bank to the bioavailable cadmium which can be absorbed and utilized. The reduction of the absorption capacity of the panax notoginseng to cadmium requires the screening of a low absorption type variety, which is a long variety breeding process and may cause the loss of related excellent characters such as yield, disease resistance or drug effect substances and the like in the breeding process. The method for reducing the content of the biological available cadmium in the soil is a method widely adopted in the heavy metal polluted soil treatment, and has better theoretical and practical foundation.
The physical and chemical properties of soil are important factors influencing the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. The scientific application of the nitrogen-potassium fertilizer has very positive effect on improving the physical and chemical properties of soil. The nitrogen-potassium fertilizer can obviously improve the pH value and the organic matter content of the sugarcane planting soil. The volume weight of tobacco-planting soil can be reduced and the porosity can be increased by applying the citrate soluble potassium fertilizer. The increase of the nitrogen and potassium fertilizer can obviously relieve the reduction of the pH value and the oxidation-reduction potential of the soil caused by the nitrogen fertilizer. Therefore, the method has feasibility of reducing the accumulation of cadmium in the pseudo-ginseng by the nitrogen-potassium fertilizer, but related technologies are not reported yet.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a planting method for reducing the cadmium content in pseudo-ginseng. The planting method achieves the aim of reducing the cadmium content in the pseudo-ginseng by means of regulating and controlling the application amount and proportion of the nitrogen-potassium fertilizer and the application mode.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a planting method for reducing the cadmium content in pseudo-ginseng, which comprises the following steps:
applying a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer after transplanting the biennial panax notoginseng or the triannial panax notoginseng, wherein the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 150-300 kg.hm-2The application amount of the potash fertilizer is 200-700 kg.hm-2The application amount ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer is 1 (1.5-3).
Preferably, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 150-225 kg.hm-2The application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 225-675 kg-hm-2。
Preferably, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 150kg hm in the planting process of the biennial panax notoginseng-2The application amount of the potash fertilizer is 225-300 kg.hm-2。
Preferably, in the planting process of the three-year-old panax notoginseng,the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 225kg hm-2The application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 450-675 kg-hm-2。
Preferably, the fertilization mode of the biennial panax notoginseng is basal application and topdressing.
Preferably, the fertilization mode of the biennial panax notoginseng is as follows: 30 percent of the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is used for basal application, and the balance is used for topdressing;
30 percent of the total amount of the potash fertilizer is used for basal application, and the balance is used for topdressing.
Preferably, the supplementary application mode of the biennial panax notoginseng is as follows: the residual nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 4 times, the first time of application is 5 months, and the total amount of the applied nitrogen fertilizer is 20 percent; the time of the second dressing is 6 months, and the total amount of the dressing nitrogen fertilizer is 10 percent; the time of the third dressing is 8 months, and the total amount of the dressing nitrogen fertilizer is 20 percent; the time of the fourth dressing is 10 months, and the total amount of the dressing nitrogen fertilizer is 20 percent;
the residual potassium fertilizer is applied for 4 times, the first time of application is 5 months, and the total amount of the potassium fertilizer is applied for 20 percent; the time of the second dressing is 6 months, and the total amount of the potassium fertilizer is 10 percent; the time of the third dressing is 8 months, and the total amount of the potassium fertilizer is 20 percent; the fourth dressing time is 10 months, and the total amount of the potassium fertilizer is 20 percent.
Preferably, the three-year old panax notoginseng is applied by topdressing.
Preferably, the three-year-old panax notoginseng is applied by the following fertilization method:
topdressing is carried out on the nitrogen fertilizer for 5 times, wherein the time for the first topdressing is 3 months, and the topdressing accounts for 20 percent of the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer; the time of the second dressing is 5 months, and the total amount of the dressing nitrogen fertilizer is 30 percent; the time of the third dressing is 6 months, and the total amount of the dressing nitrogen fertilizer is 10 percent; the time of the fourth dressing is 8 months, and the total amount of the dressing nitrogen fertilizer is 20 percent; the time of the fifth dressing is 10 months, and the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 20 percent;
the potassium fertilizer is applied for 5 times, the first time of application is 3 months, and the total amount of the potassium fertilizer is applied for additional application is 20 percent; the time of the second dressing is 5 months, and the total amount of the potassium fertilizer is 30 percent; the time of the third dressing is 6 months, and the total amount of the potassium fertilizer is 10 percent; the fourth dressing time is 8 months, and the total amount of the potassium fertilizer is 20 percent; the time of the fifth dressing is 10 months, and the total amount of the potassium fertilizer is 20 percent.
The invention provides a planting method for reducing the cadmium content in pseudo-ginseng. The planting method comprises the following steps: applying a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer after transplanting the biennial panax notoginseng or the triannial panax notoginseng, wherein the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 150-300 kg.hm-2The application amount of the potash fertilizer is 200-700 kg.hm-2The application amount ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer is 1 (1.5-3). The invention has the technical effects that:
in the process of planting pseudo-ginseng, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers with different proportions are applied to 2-year-old pseudo-ginseng or 3-year-old pseudo-ginseng, and base application and/or additional application are/is carried out according to different proportions. The cadmium content in the pseudo-ginseng root is 10 to 30 percent lower than that of the pseudo-ginseng medicinal material sold in the market in the fertilizing mode; the method is simple, efficient and convenient to implement, reduces the cadmium content while fertilizing, and is suitable for popularization and application in agricultural production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of nitrogen and potassium in the cadmium content in the cut, main root and ribs of 2-year-old Panax notoginseng;
FIG. 2 shows the effect of nitrogen and potassium in the cadmium content in the cut, main root and ribs of 3-year-old Panax notoginseng;
FIG. 3 shows the effect of nitrogen and potassium co-application on pH, organic matter and CEC values of 3-year-old Panax notoginseng planting soil;
FIG. 4 shows the effect of nitrogen and potassium co-application on the content of cadmium in the biological available state in the soil for planting 3-year-old panax notoginseng;
fig. 5 shows the effect of a nitrogen potassium (N: K ═ 1:3) fertilization protocol on cadmium content in the cut, main roots and ribs of 3-year old panax notoginseng;
figure 6 shows the effect of a nitrogen potassium (N: K ═ 1:3) fertilization regimen on pH, organic matter and CEC values of 3 year panax notoginseng planting soil.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a planting method for reducing the cadmium content in pseudo-ginseng, and a person skilled in the art can appropriately improve process parameters by referring to the content. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the methods and applications described herein, as well as other suitable variations and combinations, may be made to implement and use the techniques of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The fertilizer used in the planting method for reducing the cadmium content in the panax notoginseng can be purchased from the market.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1
The application ratio of nitrogen fertilizer to potassium fertilizer of 2-year-old panax notoginseng (after 1-year-old transplantation) is 1:1.5 and 1:2, and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer is 150 kg.hm-2The dosage of the potash fertilizer is 225 kg.hm-2Or 300kg hm-2The nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are both applied at the base of 30 percent and applied at the top dressing of 70 percent, and the top dressing time and the dosage are 5 months (20 percent), 6 months (10 percent), 8 months (20 percent) and 10 months (20 percent). Other management methods are the same as the conventional management.
Test example 1: determination of cadmium content in various parts of root Using the treated Notoginseng radix of example 1
And excavating pseudo-ginseng roots after the pseudo-ginseng seedlings are poured, and measuring the cadmium content in the cut, main roots and ribs. The cadmium content in the cut, the main root and the tendon of the panax notoginseng is respectively 0.22 mg/kg, 0.20 mg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg under the condition that the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1:1.5-1The content of the extract is 12.52 percent, 18.71 percent and 13.26 percent respectively lower than that of the commercially available medicinal materials. The cadmium contents in the cut, main root and ribs of the panax notoginseng are respectively 0.20, 0.17 and 0.24 mg/kg under the condition that the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1:2-1Respectively, 20.65%, 27.50% and 18.91% lower than those of the commercially available medicinal materials (figure 1).
Example 2:
the nitrogen-potassium fertilizer application ratio of the 3-year-old panax notoginseng (after 2 years of 1-year-old transplantation) is 1:2 and 1:3, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is 225 kg.hm-2The dosage of the potash fertilizer is 450kg hm-2Or 675kg hm-2The nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are completely applied, and the application time and the application amount are 3 months (20%), 5 months (30%), 6 months (10%), 8 months (20%) and 10 months (20%). Other management methods are the same as the conventional management.
Test example 2: determination of cadmium content in various parts of root Using the treated Notoginseng radix of example 2
Digging out Notoginseng radix after pouring Notoginseng radix, and measuring cadmium content in cut, main root and tendon. The cadmium contents in the cut, main root and ribs of the panax notoginseng are respectively 0.24 mg/kg, 0.22 mg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg under the condition that the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1:2-1The content of the extract is respectively 16.36%, 16.14% and 15.98% lower than that of the commercially available medicinal materials. The cadmium content in the cut, main root and ribs of the panax notoginseng is respectively 0.21, 0.18 and 0.21 mg/kg under the condition that the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1:3-1Respectively 16.37%, 29.74% and 28.79% lower than those of the commercially available medicinal materials (figure 2).
Test example 3: the pH value, the total organic matter content and the CEC value of the planting soil are measured by using the pseudo-ginseng treated in the example 2
And digging rhizosphere soil after the pseudo-ginseng is poured out of the seedling, and measuring the pH value, the total organic matter content and the CEC value of the soil. The pH value of the panax notoginseng planting soil is found to be 1:2, and the total organic matter content and the CEC value are respectively 2.15%, 3.02% and 1.45% higher than the fertilizer application mode used by farmers; the pH value, the total organic matter content and the CEC value of the panax notoginseng planting soil under the condition that the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1:3 are respectively 6.62 percent, 4.55 percent and 4.24 percent higher than the fertilizer application mode used by farmers (figure 3).
Test example 4: determination of the content of cadmium in the soil available for planting (EXC + Carb) by means of the treated pseudo-ginseng of example 2
After the pseudo-ginseng is transplanted to the seedling, rhizosphere soil is dug, and the cadmium occurrence form of the soil sample is classified, wherein the cadmium form is divided into an exchangeable form (EXC), a carbonate combined form (Carb), an iron-manganese oxide combined form (Fe-MnOx), an organic matter combined form (OM) and a residual form (RES), and the exchangeable form and the carbonate combined form are main sources of the pseudo-ginseng for enriching cadmium from the soil. The exchangeable state and the carbonate combined state cadmium content of the panax notoginseng planting soil are respectively 12.50 percent and 13.33 percent lower than the conventional fertilization mode under the condition that the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1: 2; the exchangeable state and the carbonate combined state cadmium content of the panax notoginseng planting soil are respectively 40.63 percent and 26.67 percent lower than the conventional fertilization mode under the condition that the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1:3 (figure 4).
Comparative example 1:
the nitrogen-potassium fertilizer application ratio of the 3-year-old panax notoginseng (after 2 years of 1-year-old transplantation) is 1:3, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is 225 kg.hm-2The dosage of the potash fertilizer is 675kg hm-2The nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are completely applied in a topdressing mode, and the topdressing time and the topdressing dosage are 3 months (20%), 5 months (50%) and 8 months (30%). Other management methods are the same as the conventional management.
Test example 5: determining cadmium content in each part of the root by using the pseudo-ginseng treated in the comparative example 1
And excavating pseudo-ginseng roots after the pseudo-ginseng seedlings are poured, and measuring the cadmium content in the cut, main roots and ribs. The cadmium contents in the cut, main root and ribs of the pseudo-ginseng are respectively 0.23, 0.24 and 0.25 mg/kg under the condition that the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1:3 (fertilization is carried out for three times)-1Respectively 8.41%, 6.32% and 15.23% lower than those of the commercially available medicinal materials (fig. 5).
Comparative example 2:
the nitrogen-potassium fertilizer application ratio of the 3-year-old panax notoginseng (after 2 years of 1-year-old transplantation) is 1:3, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is 225 kg.hm-2The dosage of the potash fertilizer is 675kg hm-2The nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are completely applied, and the application time and the application amount are 3 months (15%), 5 months (35%), 6 months (20%), 8 months (10%) and 10 months (20%). Other management methods are the same as the conventional management.
Test example 6: determining cadmium content in each part of the root by using the pseudo-ginseng treated in the comparative example 2
And excavating pseudo-ginseng roots after the pseudo-ginseng seedlings are poured, and measuring the cadmium content in the cut, main roots and ribs. The cadmium content in the cut, main root and ribs of the panax notoginseng is respectively 0.22 mg/kg, 0.20 mg/kg and 0.258 mg/kg under the condition that the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 1:3 (adjusting the proportion)-1Respectively 12.39%, 21.93% and 5.05% lower than those of the commercially available medicinal materials (fig. 5).
Test example 7: determination of pH, total organic matter content and CEC value of planting soil by using pseudo-ginseng
The soil pH, the total organic matter content and the CEC value of the scheme 1:3 in the example 2 and the comparative examples 1 and 2 are considered, and the concrete steps are as follows:
and digging rhizosphere soil after the pseudo-ginseng is poured out of the seedling, and measuring the pH value, the total organic matter content and the CEC value of the soil. The pH of the panax notoginseng planting soil under the condition of example 2(N: K ═ 1:3) is found to be 6.62%, 4.55% and 4.24% higher than the total organic matter content and CEC value of the mode of applying fertilizers by farmers respectively; the pH value, the total organic matter content and the CEC value of the panax notoginseng planting soil under the condition of the comparative example 1 are respectively 1.61 percent, 0.60 percent and 0.50 percent higher than the fertilizer application methods used by farmers; in the condition of the comparative example 2, the pH value, the total organic matter content and the CEC value of the panax notoginseng planting soil are respectively 3.28 percent, 4.76 percent and 2.49 percent higher than the fertilizer application methods used by farmers (figure 6).
Claims (1)
1. A planting method for reducing the cadmium content in pseudo-ginseng is characterized by comprising the following steps:
after the transplanting of the three-year-old panax notoginseng, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are applied,
in the planting process of the three-year-old panax notoginseng, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 225kg hm-2The application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 675kg hm-2；
The three-year-old pseudo-ginseng is fertilized in a topdressing manner;
topdressing is carried out on the nitrogen fertilizer for 5 times, wherein the time for the first topdressing is 3 months, and the topdressing accounts for 20 percent of the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer; the time of the second dressing is 5 months, and the total amount of the dressing nitrogen fertilizer is 30 percent; the time of the third dressing is 6 months, and the total amount of the dressing nitrogen fertilizer is 10 percent; the time of the fourth dressing is 8 months, and the total amount of the dressing nitrogen fertilizer is 20 percent; the time of the fifth dressing is 10 months, and the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 20 percent;
the potassium fertilizer is applied for 5 times, the first time of application is 3 months, and the total amount of the potassium fertilizer is applied for additional application is 20 percent; the time of the second dressing is 5 months, and the total amount of the potassium fertilizer is 30 percent; the time of the third dressing is 6 months, and the total amount of the potassium fertilizer is 10 percent; the fourth dressing time is 8 months, and the total amount of the potassium fertilizer is 20 percent; the time of the fifth dressing is 10 months, and the total amount of the potassium fertilizer is 20 percent.
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