CN109193874B - Battery pack equalizing charge circuit and charging method thereof - Google Patents

Battery pack equalizing charge circuit and charging method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109193874B
CN109193874B CN201811338261.9A CN201811338261A CN109193874B CN 109193874 B CN109193874 B CN 109193874B CN 201811338261 A CN201811338261 A CN 201811338261A CN 109193874 B CN109193874 B CN 109193874B
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battery
charging
battery pack
mos
information processing
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CN109193874A (en
Inventor
李立勉
李立群
陈皇星
蓝裕泉
葛福淮
周书豪
陈瑞
陈伟宏
卢伟彬
周华辉
吕鲁浩
陈育
张剑平
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Guangdong Jinyuan Solar Energy Co ltd
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Guangdong Jinyuan Solar Energy Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • H02J7/0021
    • H02J7/0022

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rechargeable batteries, and particularly relates to a battery pack equalizing charge circuit and a charging method thereof, and discloses the battery pack equalizing charge circuit which comprises a battery pack consisting of a power supply end and a plurality of batteries which are connected in series, wherein the power supply is connected in series with the battery pack, two ends of the battery pack are electrically connected with a load, the battery pack equalizing charge circuit also comprises a plurality of control circuits matched with the batteries, the control circuits are connected with the batteries in parallel, each control circuit comprises an analog switch module, an information processing module and a battery monitoring module, and the information processing modules are respectively and electrically connected with the analog switch module and the battery monitoring module. The invention also discloses a battery pack equalizing charge method. The invention adopts the mode of combining the pre-charging point, the constant current charging and the pulse charging to charge the battery pack, thereby achieving the purposes of quickly eliminating the polarization of the batteries in the charging process, ensuring that each battery can be fully charged and achieving the equalizing charging of the batteries.

Description

Battery pack equalizing charge circuit and charging method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rechargeable batteries, and particularly relates to a battery pack equalizing charging loop and a charging method thereof.
Background
With the increasing popularization of smart devices, especially the use of mobile smart devices in large quantities, the capacity and the charging rate of batteries are more and more valued by people. However, the development of battery charging technology is not changed much, on one hand, because the battery has polarization during charging, the open circuit voltage is higher than the actual voltage, and the maximum acceptable current of the battery is reduced, and the concentration polarization of the battery is greatly enhanced when the battery reaches the gassing threshold voltage, so that the voltage of the battery needs to be limited during charging, and thus the polarization can significantly slow down the charging speed of the battery and reduce the charging capacity. On the other hand, because the polarization of each single battery in the battery pack is different and the parameters of the single batteries in the same model and the same batch cannot be completely unified, the situation that the SOC (charging percentage) of the single batteries in the battery pack is inconsistent at the same time can occur during charging, so that the over-charging of the battery with small capacity can be caused, the battery with large capacity can not be fully charged, and the similar wooden barrel effect can be realized. Although the charging rate of the existing quick charging technology begins to be improved, the capacity of all batteries in the battery pack cannot be fully charged to the maximum extent, so that the capacity of the batteries cannot be fully charged, and the actual capacity is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a battery pack equalizing charge circuit and a charging method thereof, which can equalize and charge individual batteries in a battery pack and ensure that each battery in the battery pack can be fully charged.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems comprises the following steps:
the utility model provides a balanced charging circuit of group battery, includes the group battery that power end and a plurality of battery series connection are constituteed, the both ends and the load electricity of group battery are connected, still including a plurality of with battery assorted control circuit, control circuit with the battery is parallelly connected, control circuit includes analog switch module, information processing module and battery monitoring module and constitutes, information processing module respectively with analog switch module battery monitoring module electricity is connected, analog switch module with the battery both ends are parallelly connected, battery monitoring module with the battery electricity is connected, information processing module control analog switch module, battery monitoring module detects the battery.
Specifically, the analog switch module comprises a MOS transistor Q1, a MOS transistor Q2, a MOS transistor Q3 and a current control current source, the MOS transistor Q1, the MOS transistor Q2 and the gate of the MOS transistor Q3 is electrically connected with the information processing module, the source of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected with the drain of the MOS transistor Q3, the drain of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected with the drain of the MOS transistor Q2, the source and the drain of the MOS transistor Q2 and the source and the drain of the MOS transistor Q3 are respectively connected in parallel to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery, the current control current source is connected in series with the MOS transistor Q3, and the current of the current control current source is 1.5C.
Specifically, the MOS transistor Q1, the MOS transistor Q2, and the MOS transistor Q3 are all N-channel MOS transistors.
Specifically, the information processing module is a PIC12F615 single chip microcomputer, and the gates of the MOS transistor Q1, the MOS transistor Q2 and the MOS transistor Q3 are electrically connected to the PWM1 terminal, the PWM2 terminal and the PWM3 terminal of the information processing module, respectively.
Specifically, the battery monitoring module is a BQ27620-G1 chip, a PACK + end and a PACK-end of the battery control module are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the battery, and a DATA end of the battery control module is connected with a DATA end of the PIC12F615 singlechip.
Preferably, the power supply end is an intelligent variable constant-current charging power supply.
Another technical solution for solving the above technical problems of the present invention is:
a battery pack equalizing charge method applied to the battery pack equalizing charge loop comprises the following steps:
pre-charging, namely connecting a power supply end, and pre-charging the whole battery pack by 0.1c, wherein at the moment, an MOS tube Q1 in the analog switch module is switched on, and an MOS tube Q2 and an MOS tube Q3 are switched off;
constant current charging, when the voltage of the battery pack reaches more than 2.05V, the power supply end intelligently changes the charging current, and the battery pack is charged at the constant current of 1.0C;
pulse charging, namely entering a cycle charging state of positive pulse charging, pulse-free trimming and negative pulse discharging when the battery monitoring module monitors that the voltage of the corresponding battery is charged to 80% of the rated voltage of the battery;
and finishing charging, wherein when the battery monitoring module monitors that the electric quantity charged into the battery is less than 0.1% of the rated capacity of the battery when the battery monitoring module performs one-time positive pulse charging, the battery monitoring module transmits a charging stopping signal to the information processing module, the information processing module controls the MOS tube Q1 and the MOS tube Q3 to be cut off, and the MOS tube Q2 is switched on, so that the corresponding battery enters a single-battery stopping state, and the charging is finished until all batteries in the battery pack enter the single-battery stopping state.
Specifically, the pulse charging step further includes the steps of:
the method comprises the steps that positive pulse charging is carried out, a battery monitoring module detects a battery in constant current charging or negative pulse discharging, when the corresponding battery voltage is 80% of the rated voltage of the battery, a positive pulse signal is sent to an information processing module, when the information processing module receives the positive pulse signal, an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube Q1 of an analog switch module is controlled to be switched on, an MOS tube Q2 and an MOS tube Q3 are switched off, the battery is charged by the current of 1.0C, the open-circuit voltage of the battery reaches the rated voltage, and one-time positive pulse charging is completed;
the method comprises the steps of pulse-free trimming, wherein when a battery monitoring module detects that the electric quantity charged into a battery is larger than 0.1% of the rated capacity of the battery when positive pulse charging is carried out for one time, the battery monitoring module transmits a pulse-free trimming signal to an information processing module, the information processing module controls an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube Q1 and an MOS tube Q3 of an analog switch module to be cut off, the MOS tube Q2 is switched on, the corresponding battery enters pulse-free trimming, and the pulse-free trimming time is limited to 50-150 ms;
and (3) discharging negative pulses, wherein after pulse-free trimming is complete, the signal processing module cuts off the control MOS tube Q2 and turns on the MOS tube Q1 and the MOS tube Q3, and at the moment, because the current control current source with the current of 1.5C and connected in series with the MOS tube Q3 is opposite to the current of 1.0C output by a power supply end, the corresponding battery forms negative pulse discharging with the current of 0.5C until the voltage of the corresponding battery is reduced to 80% of the rated voltage.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: adopt the pre-charge point, the mode that constant current charging and pulse charge mutually combined charges the group battery, thereby reach the polarization of eliminating the battery fast in charging process, and then improve charge rate, realize quick charge's purpose, add analog switch module to each single battery in the group battery simultaneously, guarantee under the power end can keep the state of constant current, carry out pulse charging to different single batteries, and then realize controlling every single battery in the group battery, guarantee that every battery homoenergetic is full of completely, finally realize with the theoretical same SOC that charges independently, reach the purpose of equalizing charge of battery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall circuit structure of the battery pack equalizing charge circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an analog switch module circuit structure of the battery pack equalizing charge circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection principle of BQ27620-G1 chips in the equalizing charge circuit of the battery pack according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic current flow diagram of positive pulse charging in the battery pack equalizing charging method of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic current flow diagram without pulse trimming in the battery pack equalizing charge method of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic current flow diagram of negative pulse discharge in the battery pack equalizing charge method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A battery pack equalizing charge circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 1 to 3, and includes a battery pack formed by connecting a power source end and a plurality of batteries in series, the power source end being connected in series with the battery pack, both ends of the battery pack being electrically connected to a load, and a plurality of control circuits matched to the batteries, the control circuits being connected in parallel with the batteries, the control circuits including an analog switch module, an information processing module, and a battery monitoring module, the information processing module being electrically connected to the analog switch module and the battery monitoring module, respectively, the analog switch module being connected in parallel with both ends of the batteries, the battery monitoring module being electrically connected to the batteries, the information processing module controlling the analog switch module, and the battery monitoring module detecting the batteries.
Specifically, the analog switch module is composed of a MOS transistor Q1, a MOS transistor Q2, a MOS transistor Q3 and a current control current source, the MOS transistor Q1, the MOS transistor Q2 and the gate of the MOS transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the information processing module, the source of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor Q3, the drain of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor Q2, the source and the drain of the MOS transistor Q2 and the source and the drain of the MOS transistor Q3 are respectively connected in parallel to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery, the current control current source is connected in series to the MOS transistor Q3, and the current of the current control current source is 1.5C (labeled as 1.5I in the figure).
Specifically, the MOS transistor Q1, the MOS transistor Q2, and the MOS transistor Q3 are all N-channel MOS transistors. Preferably, protection diodes D1, D2 and D3 are connected in parallel to the source and drain terminals of the MOS transistor Q1, the MOS transistor Q2 and the MOS transistor Q3 respectively.
Specifically, the information processing module is a PIC12F615 single chip microcomputer, and the gates of the MOS transistor Q1, the MOS transistor Q2 and the MOS transistor Q3 are electrically connected to the PWM1 terminal, the PWM2 terminal and the PWM3 terminal of the information processing module, respectively. The information processing module is a programmed singlechip chip, a PIC12F615 chip is used, the chip supports 6 PWM modulation pins at most by programming and flash memory functions and is connected with the battery monitoring module, the PIC12F615 singlechip can calculate the charged capacity of each positive pulse charge (calculated by the capacity difference between the positive pulse charge and the negative pulse charge) according to the received charge state (%), the battery electric quantity (mAH) and the open-circuit voltage (mV), and correspondingly calculates the parameters of the negative pulse, the program is converted into PWM control of each MOS tube switch, and the PWM control pin on the singlechip is directly connected with the grid of the corresponding switch, so that the conduction and the cut-off of the MOS are controlled. The charging power supply pre-charges the battery pack at 0.1C according to a preset programmed program, then keeps 1C (marked as I in the figure) constant current charging, and stops supplying power after the batteries in the battery pack are fully charged and are short-circuited in a circuit.
Specifically, the battery monitoring module is a BQ27620-G1 chip, a PACK + end and a PACK-end of the battery control module are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the battery, and a DATA end of the battery control module is connected with a DATA end of the PIC12F615 singlechip. The BQ27620-G1 chip is used for monitoring the battery power, only PACK +, PACK and a thermistor (T) are required to be connected to a detachable battery PACK or an embedded battery circuit, and the BQ27620-G1 chip can collect the battery power (mAH), the charging state (%) and the open-circuit voltage (mV) of the battery and transmit the data to the information processing module.
Preferably, the power supply end is an intelligent variable constant-current charging power supply.
The invention also provides another technical scheme for solving the technical problems, which is as follows:
a battery pack equalizing charge method applied to the battery pack equalizing charge loop comprises the following steps:
pre-charging, namely connecting a power supply end, and pre-charging the whole battery pack by 0.1c, wherein at the moment, an MOS tube Q1 in the analog switch module is switched on, and an MOS tube Q2 and an MOS tube Q3 are switched off;
constant current charging, when the voltage of the battery pack reaches more than 2.05V, the power supply end intelligently changes the charging current, and the battery pack is charged at the constant current of 1.0C;
pulse charging, namely entering a cycle charging state of positive pulse charging, pulse-free trimming and negative pulse discharging when the battery monitoring module monitors that the voltage of the corresponding battery is charged to 80% of the rated voltage of the battery; specifically, the method further comprises the following steps:
positive pulse charging, as shown in fig. 4, the battery monitoring module detects a battery in constant current charging or negative pulse discharging, and sends a positive pulse signal to the information processing module until the corresponding battery voltage is 80% of the rated voltage of the battery, and when the information processing module receives the positive pulse signal, the information processing module controls the MOS transistor Q1 of the analog switch module to be turned on, and the MOS transistor Q2 and the MOS transistor Q3 are turned off, so that the battery is charged with a current of 1.0C, and the open-circuit voltage of the battery reaches the rated voltage, thereby completing one-time positive pulse charging;
as shown in fig. 5, when the battery monitoring module detects that the electric quantity charged into the battery is greater than 0.1% of the rated capacity of the battery during one-time positive pulse charging, the battery monitoring module transmits a pulse-free trimming signal to the information processing module, the information processing module controls the MOS transistor Q1 and the MOS transistor Q3 of the analog switch module to be cut off, the MOS transistor Q2 is turned on, so that the corresponding battery enters pulse-free trimming, and the pulse-free trimming time is limited to 50-150 ms; the pulse-free trimming is mainly used for providing buffering for chip calculation and negative pulse conversion and eliminating the polarization phenomenon of the negative pulse.
As shown in fig. 6, after the pulse-free trimming is completed, the signal processing module turns off the control MOS transistor Q2 and turns on the MOS transistors Q1 and Q3, and at this time, since the current control current source with a current of 1.5C connected in series with the MOS transistor Q3 is opposite to the current 1.0C output by the power supply terminal, the corresponding battery forms a negative pulse discharge with a current of 0.5C (labeled as 0.5I in the figure) until the voltage of the corresponding battery drops to 80% of the rated voltage.
Experiments show that negative pulse discharge with a discharge rate of 0.5C can achieve a good depolarization effect, the highest charge rate (discharge capacity/current charge capacity) is achieved, large temperature change cannot be caused, the battery is sensitive to depolarization when in high SOC (state of charge), and negative pulses do not need to be excessively large, so that the discharge amount of each negative pulse is artificially regulated and controlled to be 0.5% of the charge amount of the last positive pulse (controlled by data detected by a chip), the discharge capacity is determined, the width of each negative pulse discharge can be calculated by the amplitude (0.5C) of the negative pulse, namely the discharge time, the calculation mode of the negative pulse discharge is that the discharge capacity is set to be X, the discharge amount of the negative pulse is small, the discharge can be regarded as a linear process, the width of the negative pulse discharge is 7200X/C(s), and the total discharge amount of the negative pulses is controlled to be 20% to 0.5% to 0.1% of the total capacity at the same time, the charging efficiency is ensured.
And finishing charging, wherein when the battery monitoring module monitors that the electric quantity charged into the battery is less than 0.1% of the rated capacity of the battery when the battery monitoring module performs one-time positive pulse charging, the battery monitoring module transmits a charging stopping signal to the information processing module, the information processing module controls the MOS tube Q1 and the MOS tube Q3 to be cut off, and the MOS tube Q2 is switched on, so that the corresponding battery enters a single-battery stopping state, and the charging is finished until all batteries in the battery pack enter the single-battery stopping state.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. A battery pack equalizing charge method is characterized in that: the battery pack equalizing charge circuit comprises a battery pack equalizing charge circuit, wherein the battery pack equalizing charge circuit comprises a battery pack formed by connecting a power end and a plurality of batteries in series, the power end is connected with the battery pack in series, two ends of the battery pack are electrically connected with a load, and the battery pack equalizing charge circuit also comprises a plurality of control circuits matched with the batteries, the control circuits are connected with the batteries in parallel, each control circuit comprises an analog switch module, an information processing module and a battery monitoring module, the information processing modules are respectively electrically connected with the analog switch module and the battery monitoring modules, the analog switch modules are connected with two ends of the batteries in parallel, the battery monitoring modules are electrically connected with the batteries, the information processing modules control the analog switch modules, and the battery monitoring modules detect the batteries;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
pre-charging, namely connecting a power supply end, and pre-charging the whole battery pack by 0.1c, wherein at the moment, an MOS tube Q1 in the analog switch module is switched on, and an MOS tube Q2 and an MOS tube Q3 are switched off;
constant current charging, when the voltage of the battery pack reaches more than 2.05V, the power supply end intelligently changes the charging current, and the battery pack is charged at the constant current of 1.0C;
pulse charging, namely entering a cycle charging state of positive pulse charging, pulse-free trimming and negative pulse discharging when the battery monitoring module monitors that the voltage of the corresponding battery is charged to 80% of the rated voltage of the battery;
when the battery monitoring module monitors that the electric quantity charged into the battery is less than 0.1% of the rated capacity of the battery when the battery monitoring module monitors one-time positive pulse charging, the battery monitoring module transmits a charging stop signal to the information processing module, the information processing module controls the MOS tube Q1 and the MOS tube Q3 to be cut off, and the MOS tube Q2 is switched on, so that the corresponding battery enters a single-battery stop state, and the charging is finished until all batteries in the battery pack enter the single-battery stop state;
the battery monitoring module detects a battery in constant-current charging or negative pulse discharging, and sends a positive pulse signal to the information processing module until the corresponding battery voltage is 80% of the rated voltage of the battery, and when the information processing module receives the positive pulse signal, the information processing module controls the MOS tube Q1 of the analog switch module to be switched on, the MOS tube Q2 and the MOS tube Q3 are switched off, the battery is charged by the current of 1.0C, the open-circuit voltage of the battery reaches the rated voltage, and one-time positive pulse charging is completed;
the non-pulse trimming method comprises the steps that when the battery monitoring module detects that the electric quantity charged into a battery is larger than 0.1% of the rated capacity of the battery when the battery monitoring module is charged by positive pulses once, a non-pulse trimming signal is transmitted to the information processing module by the battery monitoring module, the information processing module controls the MOS tube Q1 and the MOS tube Q3 of the analog switch module to be cut off, the MOS tube Q2 is switched on, the corresponding battery enters the non-pulse trimming, and the time of the non-pulse trimming is limited to 50-150 ms;
and after the pulse-free trimming is complete, the signal processing module cuts off the control MOS tube Q2 and turns on the MOS tube Q1 and the MOS tube Q3, and at the moment, because the current control current source with the current of 1.5C and connected in series with the MOS tube Q3 is opposite to the current of 1.0C output by a power supply end, the corresponding battery forms a negative pulse discharge with the current of 0.5C until the voltage of the corresponding battery is reduced to 80% of the rated voltage.
2. The battery pack equalizing charge method of claim 1, wherein: the analog switch module comprises MOS pipe Q1, MOS pipe Q2, MOS pipe Q3 and current control current source, MOS pipe Q1 MOS pipe Q2 with MOS pipe Q3's grid with the information processing module electricity is connected, MOS pipe Q1's source with MOS pipe Q3's drain electrode links to each other, MOS pipe Q1's drain electrode with MOS pipe Q2's drain electrode links to each other, MOS pipe Q2 with MOS pipe Q3's source and drain electrode are parallelly connected respectively on the positive pole and the negative pole of battery, current control current source and MOS pipe Q3 establish ties, current control current source's electric current is 1.5C.
3. The battery pack equalizing charge method of claim 2, wherein: the MOS transistor Q1, the MOS transistor Q2 and the MOS transistor Q3 are all N-channel MOS transistors.
4. The battery pack equalizing charge method of claim 2, wherein: the information processing module is a PIC12F615 single chip microcomputer, and the grids of the MOS tube Q1, the MOS tube Q2 and the MOS tube Q3 are respectively and electrically connected with the PWM1 end and the PWM2 end of the information processing module and the PWM3 end.
5. The battery pack equalizing charge method of claim 4, wherein: the battery monitoring module is a BQ27620-G1 chip, a PACK + end and a PACK-end of the battery control module are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the battery, and a DATA end of the battery control module is connected with a DATA end of the PIC12F615 singlechip.
6. The battery pack equalizing charge method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein: the power supply end is an intelligent variable constant-current charging power supply.
CN201811338261.9A 2018-11-12 2018-11-12 Battery pack equalizing charge circuit and charging method thereof Active CN109193874B (en)

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CN201699401U (en) * 2009-12-18 2011-01-05 山东上存能源股份有限公司 Protection circuit of power lithium ion battery
CN101877425A (en) * 2010-06-25 2010-11-03 湖南丰日电源电气股份有限公司 Pulse container formation method for high-capacity lead-acid battery
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