CN109193689B - Voltage reactive power regulation time interval dividing method and device - Google Patents
Voltage reactive power regulation time interval dividing method and device Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a voltage reactive power regulation time interval dividing method and a voltage reactive power regulation time interval dividing device, wherein the method comprises the specific processes of firstly obtaining daily load data of a transformer substation, then utilizing an L1 regularization technology, carrying out linear fitting on the daily load data by using a total variation 1 norm as a regularization condition, then solving the objective function, calculating a first-order difference of the objective function, further obtaining a first-order difference vector, and finally judging whether two corresponding time intervals belong to the same time interval according to two adjacent element values in the first-order difference vector so as to finish time interval division. The method has simple calculation process and can accurately realize the division of the time period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a voltage reactive power regulation and control time interval division method and device, which are suitable for an electric power regulation and control system and belong to the technical field of operation and control of electric power systems.
Background
The voltage reactive regulation and control becomes mature through years of research, and the voltage reactive regulation and control method is widely applied to actual power grid control and achieves a good effect. However, with the continuous expansion of the power grid scale and the gradual and complicated load change, the phenomenon that the optimal operation effect is not ideal due to the unreasonable parameter setting often occurs in the voltage reactive power regulation, and the reason for this is mainly that the operator is difficult to accurately grasp the reasonable parameter setting, such as the number of actions of a transformer tap and a compensation device, and a key step for realizing the reasonable parameter setting is how to realize the automatic division of the control period.
The existing method is mostly based on artificial intelligence methods such as clustering and merging, can not grasp the main contradiction of load change, mostly aims at local similar rules to exert force, is complex in operation, has more dependent rules, and is difficult to be used in actual sites.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a voltage reactive power regulation and control time interval division method and device, which realize time interval division and have simple calculation process.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a voltage reactive power regulation time interval division method which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring daily load data { p (t) of transformer substationi) In which p (t)i) Is tiThe load value of the transformer substation at the moment, i is 1,2, and N is the daily load sampling point number;
according to the daily load data { p (t)i) Solving a preset objective function to obtain a trend item sequence S ═ S1,s2,...,sN]T；siIs ti～ti+1The objective function takes the minimum of the load fluctuation sequence square sum and the minimum of the 1 norm of the quadratic difference of the trend terms as the target;
calculating the first order difference of the sequence S to obtain a first order difference vector delta d ═ d1,d2,...,dN-1]T；
And judging whether the two corresponding time periods belong to the same time period or not according to two adjacent element values in the first-order difference vector delta d so as to finish the division of the time periods.
Preferably, the objective function is as follows:
where λ is a regularization parameter, D ∈ RN×NIs a quadratic difference matrix.
Preferably, the solving a preset objective function includes: and solving the objective function through a primal-dual interior point algorithm.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the elements in the first order difference vector Δ d is di＝si+1-si，diRepresents ti+1～ti+2To ti～ti+1The amount of change in the trend over two periods.
Preferably, the determining whether two corresponding time periods belong to the same time period according to two adjacent element values in the first-order difference vector Δ d to complete the time period division includes:
for any two adjacent elements d in the first order difference vector Δ dk,dk+1，k＝1,2...,N-2；
If two adjacent element values satisfy simultaneously
Wherein beta is-<0,β+>0, then t is determinedk～tk+1And tk+1～tk+2Not belonging to the same time interval, the trend in the two time intervals is skAnd sk+1(ii) a Otherwise tk～tk+1And tk+1～tk+2Dividing the time interval into the same time interval, wherein the trend items in the time interval are
And repeating the processes until all elements in the first-order difference vector are judged.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a voltage reactive power regulation and control time interval dividing device, which is characterized by comprising the following components:
the daily load data acquisition module is used for acquiring the daily load data { p (t) of the transformer substationi) In which p (t)i) Is tiThe load value of the transformer substation at the moment, i is 1,2, and N is the daily load sampling point number;
a trend item sequence calculation module for calculating the daily load data { p (t)i) Solving a preset objective function to obtain a trend item sequence S ═ S1,s2,...,sN]T；siIs ti～ti+1The objective function takes the minimum of the load fluctuation sequence square sum and the minimum of the 1 norm of the quadratic difference of the trend terms as the target;
a difference vector calculation module for calculating the first order difference of the sequence S to obtain a first order difference vector Δ d ═ d1,d2,...,dN-1]T；
And the time interval division module is used for judging whether the two corresponding time intervals belong to the same time interval according to two adjacent element values in the first-order difference vector so as to finish the time interval division. .
Preferably, in the trend term sequence calculating module, the objective function is as follows:
where λ is a regularization parameter, D ∈ RN×NIs a quadratic difference matrix.
Preferably, in the difference vector calculation module, the calculation formula of the element in the first-order difference vector Δ d is di＝si+1-si，diRepresents ti+1～ti+2To ti～ti+1The amount of change in the trend over two periods.
Preferably, in the time interval dividing module, the determining whether two corresponding time periods belong to the same time interval according to two adjacent element values in the first-order difference vector Δ d to complete the time interval division includes:
for any two adjacent elements d in the first order difference vector Δ dk,dk+1，k＝1,2...,N-2；
If two adjacent element values satisfy simultaneously
Wherein beta is-<0,β+>0, then t is determinedk～tk+1And tk+1～tk+2Not belonging to the same time interval, the trend in the two time intervals is skAnd sk+1(ii) a Otherwise tk～tk+1And tk+1～tk+2Dividing the time interval into the same time interval, wherein the trend items in the time interval are
And repeating the processes until all elements in the first-order difference vector are judged.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs include instructions, which when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to execute the voltage reactive regulation time interval division method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the calculation cost is low;
2) the method is suitable for piecewise linear trend;
3) the regularization of the 1 norm can generate a total variation denoising effect, so that many coefficients of the quadratic difference of the trend term are zero, and the peak-valley point of the load is highlighted.
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FIG. 1 is a 288-point daily load curve for a substation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a transformer substation time interval division result determined by the method in the embodiment of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The control period division in the power system voltage reactive problem is essentially to determine different trends of the load in different periods. The portion to be determined includes two points, one is a time-period division point (inflection point, trend start point), and one is a situation (variation) of a trend within a time period.
That is to say, there are two main problems to be solved by control period division in voltage reactive power regulation:
1) where the time division point? I.e. the point of inflection of the load peak and valley to be determined, to determine the time starting point of the number of device actions.
2) What is the load trend in different time periods? That is, the speed of the load change in a certain period is determined to determine the number of device actions in the period.
Once the trend of the load is determined, the time period division point can be definitely given. However, for the reactive power control period, the load fluctuates, various errors exist in acquisition and transmission, and the trend cannot be reflected well. Mathematically, the so-called "trend" is mathematically related to the smooth term, and can be approximated by a square form, while the variation of the quadratic difference at the two sides is completely different at the inflection point, and can be better described by a 1 norm.
Take an example of a sequence x ═ 135810753 ]:
a first order difference dx ═ 2232-3-2-2 ], and a second order difference dx ═ 01-1-5-10;
it can be seen that after the second difference, the second order difference term corresponding to the inflection point is-5, the absolute value of which is greater than that of the remaining second order difference term, and the comparison can be regarded that the remaining second order difference term is 0, that is, the second order difference term has strong sparsity and meets the physical significance of 1 norm.
The load of the power system is generally composed of two parts, one part is a fluctuation item, the other part is a trend item, the method grasps the main contradiction of voltage and reactive power, takes the 1 norm of the quadratic difference of the load trend item as a regularization target, can adapt to the local level of smoothness in a self-adaptive manner, extracts the peak-valley characteristics of the load from the load time sequence, can accurately depict the time interval division point and the trend situation in the time interval, and provides a theoretical basis for the setting of voltage and reactive power control parameters.
The invention relates to an L1 regularization method for voltage reactive power regulation and control time interval division, which specifically comprises the following implementation processes:
step S1, acquiring daily load data { p (t) of transformer substationi) In which p (t)i) Is tiThe load value of the transformer substation at any moment, i is 1,2, and N is the daily load sampling point number.
For example, if the sampling period is 5 minutes, the daily load sampling point N is 288, the load curve of 288 points of a certain substation day is shown in fig. 1, in the figure, the abscissa represents the sampling time, and the ordinate represents the load value corresponding to the sampling time.
Step S2, the following objective function is established:
here siIs ti～ti+1Corresponding trend term in time period, S ═ S1,s2,...,sN]Tλ is a regularization parameter, controlling the weight of the objective function and regularization term, D ∈ RN×NIs a quadratic difference matrix of the form:
utilizing an L1 regularization technology, and using a total variation 1 norm as a regularization condition to carry out linear fitting on an active load sequence so as to obtain a sequence siThe sequence is guaranteed to be the minimum sum of squares of the fluctuation sequence, namely
The method has the significance that the load change of the transformer substation is very small in the same segmentation time period, and the significance of the same time period division is consistent; the other part is that the 1 norm of the quadratic difference of the trend terms is the minimum, namely lambda | D S | survival1The meaning of 1 norm regularization is to make the variation of the trend term tend to be sparse, which means:
three successive points s within the same time periodk-1,sk,sk+1Satisfies the following conditions:
n-1, where δ is a small threshold, and in fact, the load changes in a similar manner in the same time period of the power system, whether the load fluctuates slightly or slowly, skAll can be composed ofk-1And sk+1The physical meaning of the above conditions is clear;
three points s are continuous in different time periodsk-1,sk,sk+1Satisfies the following conditions:
in different time periods of the power system, the load variation trends are completely different, especially on the left and right sides of a time period division point skAnd sk-1And sk+1The average difference of (a) is large.
The advantages of this model are:
1) the calculation cost is low;
2) adapted to piecewise linear trends, but siIs not p (t)i) A linear function of (a);
3) the regularization of the 1 norm can generate a total variation denoising effect, so that many coefficients of the quadratic difference of the trend term are zero, and the peak-valley point of the load is highlighted.
Step S3, passing throughSolving the objective function by a dual interior point algorithm to obtain S ═ S1,s2,...,sN]T。
The primal-dual interior point algorithm belongs to the prior art, and is high in solving speed and high in efficiency. For the detailed calculation process, please refer to the prior art, which is not described herein.
Step S4, calculating S ═ S1,s2,...,sN]TFirst order difference of, i.e. di＝si+1-siThen, a first order difference vector Δ d ═ d is obtained1,d2,...,dN-1]TThe physical meaning of the difference vector is the amount of change in the trend over two periods.
Step S5, two elements d in the first order difference vector Delta dk,dk+1，k＝1,2...,N-2；
If two adjacent element values satisfy simultaneously
Wherein beta is-<0,β+>0, these two variables being set values, which can be determined empirically, states sk+1<sk,sk+2>sk+1I.e. tk～tk+1And tk+1～tk+2The trends in the two periods are opposite, then tk～tk+1And tk+1～tk+2Not belonging to the same time interval, the trend in the two time intervals is skAnd sk+1(ii) a Otherwise tk～tk+1And tk+1～tk+2Dividing the time interval into the same time interval, wherein the trend items in the time interval are
And repeating the processes until all elements in the first-order difference vector are judged, so as to finish the time interval division.
Fig. 2 is a result of regularizing the interval division of the load curve shown in fig. 1 by L1, and it can be seen that there are 4 interval division points in total, and the intervals are composed of 5 parts.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a voltage reactive power regulation and control time interval dividing device, which comprises:
the daily load data acquisition module is used for acquiring the daily load data { p (t) of the transformer substationi) In which p (t)i) Is tiThe load value of the transformer substation at the moment, i is 1,2, and N is the daily load sampling point number;
module for establishing an objective function, memoryiIs ti～ti+1Establishing an objective function taking the minimum sum of squares of differences of all load values and the trend terms and the minimum 1 norm of the quadratic difference of the trend terms as targets by using corresponding trend terms in a time period;
a trend term sequence calculating module for solving the objective function to obtain a trend term sequence S ═ S1,s2,...,sN]T；
The difference vector calculation module is used for calculating the first-order difference of the sequence S to obtain a first-order difference vector;
and the time interval division module is used for judging whether the two corresponding time intervals belong to the same time interval according to two adjacent element values in the first-order difference vector so as to finish the time interval division.
Preferably, in the objective function establishing module, the objective function is established as follows:
where λ is a regularization parameter, D ∈ RN×NIs a quadratic difference matrix.
Preferably, in the difference vector calculation module, the element calculation formula in the first-order difference vector Δ d is di＝si+1-si，diRepresents ti+1～ti+2To ti～ti+1The amount of change in the trend over two periods.
Preferably, in the time interval division module, the specific process of time interval division is as follows: for any two adjacent elements d in the first order difference vector Δ dk,dk+1，k＝1,2...,N-2；
If two adjacent element values satisfy simultaneously
Wherein beta is-<0,β+>0, then t is determinedk～tk+1And tk+1～tk+2Not belonging to the same time interval, the trend in the two time intervals is skAnd sk+1(ii) a Otherwise tk～tk+1And tk+1～tk+2Dividing the time interval into the same time interval, wherein the trend items in the time interval are
And repeating the processes until all elements in the first-order difference vector are judged.
Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs including instructions, which when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform the above voltage reactive regulation period division method.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The voltage reactive power regulation and control time interval dividing method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring daily load data { p (t) of transformer substationi) In which p (t)i) Is tiThe load value of the transformer substation at the moment, i is 1,2, and N is the daily load sampling point number;
according to the daily load data { p (t)i) Solving a preset objective function to obtain a trend item sequence S ═ S1,s2,...,sN]T；siIs ti～ti+1Correspond in time periodThe objective function takes the minimum of the load fluctuation sequence square sum and the minimum of the 1 norm of the quadratic difference of the trend terms as the target;
calculating the first order difference of the sequence S to obtain a first order difference vector delta d ═ d1,d2,...,dN-1]T；
Judging whether the two corresponding time periods belong to the same time period or not according to two adjacent element values in the first-order difference vector delta d so as to finish the division of the time periods;
the objective function is as follows:
where λ is a regularization parameter, D ∈ RN×NIs a quadratic difference matrix;
utilizing an L1 regularization technology, and using a total variation 1 norm as a regularization condition to carry out linear fitting on an active load sequence so as to obtain a sequence S, wherein the sequence S is ensured to be the minimum of the square sum of fluctuation sequences, namely the minimum
The method has the significance that the load change of the transformer substation is very small in the same segmentation time period, and the significance of the same time period division is consistent; the other part is that the 1 norm of the quadratic difference of the trend terms is the minimum, namely lambda | D S | survival1The meaning of 1 norm regularization is to make the variation of the trend term tend to be sparse, which means:
three successive points s within the same time periodk-1,sk,sk+1Satisfies the following conditions:
n-1, where δ is a small threshold, and in fact, the load changes in a similar manner in the same time period of the power system, whether the load fluctuates slightly or slowly, skAll can consist ofk-1And sk+1Are averaged;
three points s are continuous in different time periodsk-1,sk,sk+1Satisfies the following conditions:
in different time intervals of the power system, the load change trends are completely different, and s is on the left side and the right side of a time interval division pointkAnd sk-1And sk+1The average difference of (a) is large;
solving the objective function through a primal-dual interior point algorithm to obtain S ═ S1,s2,...,sN]T；
The calculation formula of the elements in the first order difference vector delta d is di＝si+1-si，diRepresents ti+1～ti+2To ti～ti+1The amount of change in the trend over two periods of time;
the determining whether two corresponding time periods belong to the same time period according to two adjacent element values in the first-order difference vector Δ d to complete the division of the time periods includes: for any two adjacent elements d in the first order difference vector Δ dk,dk+1，k＝1,2...,N-2；
If two adjacent element values satisfy simultaneously
Wherein beta is-＜0,β+If > 0, then t is determinedk～tk+1And tk+1～tk+2Not belonging to the same time interval, the trend in the two time intervals is skAnd sk+1(ii) a Otherwise tk～tk+1And tk+1～tk+2Dividing the time interval into the same time interval, wherein the trend items in the time interval are
And repeating the processes until all elements in the first-order difference vector are judged, so as to finish the time interval division.
2. Device is divided to reactive regulation and control period of voltage, characterized by includes:
the daily load data acquisition module is used for acquiring the daily load data { p (t) of the transformer substationi) In which p (t)i) Is tiThe load value of the transformer substation at the moment, i is 1,2, and N is the daily load sampling point number;
a trend item sequence calculation module for calculating the daily load data { p (t)i) Solving a preset objective function to obtain a trend item sequence S ═ S1,s2,...,sN]T；siIs ti～ti+1The objective function takes the minimum of the load fluctuation sequence square sum and the minimum of the 1 norm of the quadratic difference of the trend terms as the target;
a difference vector calculation module for calculating the first order difference of the sequence S to obtain a first order difference vector Δ d ═ d1,d2,...,dN-1]T；
The time interval dividing module is used for judging whether the two corresponding time intervals belong to the same time interval according to two adjacent element values in the first-order difference vector so as to finish the time interval division;
in the trend term sequence calculation module, the objective function is as follows:
where λ is a regularization parameter, D ∈ RN×NIs a quadratic difference matrix;
utilizing an L1 regularization technology, and using a total variation 1 norm as a regularization condition to carry out linear fitting on an active load sequence so as to obtain a sequence S, wherein the sequence S is ensured to be the minimum of the square sum of fluctuation sequences, namely the minimum
The method has the significance that the load change of the transformer substation is very small in the same segmentation time period, and the significance of the same time period division is consistent; the other part is that the 1 norm of the quadratic difference of the trend terms is the minimum, namely lambda | D S | survival1The meaning of 1 norm regularization is to make the variation of the trend term tend to be sparse, which means:
three successive points s within the same time periodk-1,sk,sk+1Satisfies the following conditions:
n-1, where δ is a small threshold, and in fact, the load changes in a similar manner in the same time period of the power system, whether the load fluctuates slightly or slowly, skAll can consist ofk-1And sk+1Are averaged;
three points s are continuous in different time periodsk-1,sk,sk+1Satisfies the following conditions:
in different time intervals of the power system, the load change trends are completely different, and s is on the left side and the right side of a time interval division pointkAnd sk-1And sk+1The average difference of (a) is large;
solving the objective function through a primal-dual interior point algorithm to obtain S ═ S1,s2,...,sN]T；
In the difference vector calculation module, the calculation formula of the elements in the first order difference vector delta d is di＝si+1-si，diRepresents ti+1～ti+2To ti～ti+1The amount of change in the trend over two periods of time;
in the time interval dividing module, the determining whether two corresponding time periods belong to the same time interval according to two adjacent element values in the first-order difference vector Δ d to complete the time interval division includes:
for any two adjacent elements d in the first order difference vector Δ dk,dk+1，k＝1,2...,N-2；
If two adjacent element values satisfy simultaneously
Wherein beta is-＜0,β+If > 0, then t is determinedk～tk+1And tk+1～tk+2Not belonging to the same time interval, the trend in the two time intervals is skAnd sk+1(ii) a Otherwise tk～tk+1And tk+1～tk+2Dividing the time interval into the same time interval, wherein the trend items in the time interval are
And repeating the processes until all elements in the first-order difference vector are judged so as to finish the time interval division.
3. A computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform the method of claim 1.
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