CN109191360A - SAR image digital watermarking generation and analysis method and device based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code - Google Patents
SAR image digital watermarking generation and analysis method and device based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of SAR image digital watermarking generation and analysis method and device based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code, comprising the following steps: step S10: original SAR image is read as target image；Step S20: image in 2 D code is generated as two dimensional code watermarking images；Step S30: pixel position coordinates in two dimensional code watermarking images are subjected to scramble；Step S40: the two dimensional code watermarking images after disorder processing are encrypted using location of pixels transformation；Step S50: by encrypted treated two dimensional code watermarking images insertion target image to complete SAR image digital watermarking generation.Compared with prior art, the present invention uses two dimensional code as watermarking images, to improve noise robustness；Simultaneously by carrying out scrambling encryption processing to two dimensional code watermarking images, to effectively increase the confidentiality of watermark, antifalsification, safety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to two dimensional code digital watermark technology field more particularly to a kind of SAR based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code
Image digital watermark generates and analysis method and device.
Background technique
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR, Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a kind of active microwave imaging radar,
Using synthetic aperture principle and pulse compression technique, orientation is obtained with true small-bore antenna and apart from upward two-way high score
The SAR remote sensing images (traditionally may be simply referred to as: SAR image) of resolution.It works in microwave band, can also work in night,
The microwave of transmitting can also penetrate cloud, rain, mist, haze layer, not limited by terrible weather, illumination condition, be mounted in satellite or
On aircraft, there is round-the-clock, round-the-clock, high-resolution remotely sensed image observing capacity, technical advantage is visible light, EO-1 hyperion
And other remote sensing modes are incomparable.
Currently, remote sensing application develops towards commercialized direction, some external mechanisms can be commercialized tissue satellite
Transmitting, operation, the sale of remotely-sensed data etc., SAR remote sensing images not only it is external it is valuable sell, such as China at home
Environmental satellites, high score satellite series all can to society provide SAR remote sensing image data.At the same time, copyright protection, letter
Breath security problems are particularly important.The coherent imaging feature having when due to SAR radar imagery itself, so that SAR image
In contain a large amount of coherent speckle noises, if using watermarking images (the title text of such as certain mechanism, Logo figure of the prior art routine
Case etc.), noise robustness is poor, and practical effect is bad.
With the development and application of network technology, logistlcs technology, digital product etc., digital watermark technology has obtained increasingly heavy
Depending on, have become protection information security, realize it is anti-fake trace to the source, the effective ways of copyright protection etc..Digital watermarking (Digital
Watermarking) technology is that some identification informations (i.e. digital watermarking) are directly embedded into digital carrier to (including image, sound
Frequently, video, document etc.) or secondary indication (structure of modification specific region), and the use value of original vector is not influenced, also not
It is easy to be ascertained and modify again, but can be identified and be recognized by producer.Information in the carrier is hidden by these, it can be with
Reach confirmation creator of content, buyer, transmission secret information or judges the purpose of whether carrier is tampered.
With the development of information coding technique, two dimensional code using increasingly extensive, but two dimensional code mostly uses greatly public affairs at present
The coding mode opened is easy to be copied, this causes certain restrictions to the application field of two dimensional code, thus research safety, it is reliable,
Two dimensional code application method with high confidentiality is just particularly important.Two dimensional code is combined with digital watermark technology, is being protected
Shield information security, it is anti-fake trace to the source, the advantage that the application fields such as copyright protection both are conducive to play, there are many utilize two dimension
Code digital watermarking image realizes the case of correlation function.Such as: patent No. CN102005026A, insertion of the patent in watermark
Watermark is embedded in using wavelet transform (DWT), QR code (i.e. QR type two dimensional code) coding, chaos processing, cellular automata in journey
Information；Initial condition impression is obtained using the watermark of cellular automata Blind extracting, inverse mixed ignorant processing, the decoding of QR code when extracting watermark
Picture.Patent No. CN105389708A, the patent are a kind of method for anti-counterfeit combined based on digital watermarking and two dimensional code and its verifying
The first digital watermarking is mainly added when anti-fake two-dimension code is generated, then by anti-fake two-dimension code in method in its encoded information
Output is image, and is embedded in the second digital watermarking in the images, verifies commodity using the relevance of the first, second digital watermarking
The true and false.However, above-mentioned technical proposal still needs further in noise robustness and the confidentiality of watermark, antifalsification, safety
It improves.
Therefore in view of the drawbacks of the prior art, it is really necessary to propose a kind of technical solution to solve skill of the existing technology
Art problem.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, it is necessory to provide a kind of SAR image digital watermarking generation and solution based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code
Analyse method and device, gone forward side by side using two dimensional code watermarking images and be embedded into SAR image after line shuffle, encryption, by according to
Rule when set scramble, encryption carries out its inverse process processing, can extract from the SAR image for have been inserted into watermarking images, is extensive
It appears again image in 2 D code.Since two dimensional code itself has very strong error correcting capability, a large amount of coherent speckle noises are contained in SAR image
In the case of still be able to meet the requirement of noise immunity；It is effectively mentioned by carrying out scrambling encryption processing to two dimensional code watermarking images simultaneously
The high confidentiality of watermark, antifalsification, safety.
In order to solve technical problem of the existing technology, technical scheme is as follows:
SAR image digital watermarking generation method based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code, comprising the following steps:
Step S10: original SAR image is read as target image；
Step S20: image in 2 D code is generated as two dimensional code watermarking images；
Step S30: pixel position coordinates in two dimensional code watermarking images are subjected to scramble；
Step S40: the two dimensional code watermarking images after disorder processing are encrypted using location of pixels transformation；
Step S50: by encrypted treated two dimensional code watermarking images insertion target image to complete SAR image number
Watermark generates.
It as a preferred technical solution, further include the step that size adjusting is carried out to target image and two dimensional code watermarking images
Suddenly.
As a preferred technical solution, wherein, target image amplification is adjusted to closest just with its original size
Rectangular SAR image；And by the size adjusting of two dimensional code watermarking images be adjustment after target image size half.
As a preferred technical solution, in the step S2, when two dimensional code watermarking images are non-bianry image, first by it
Be converted to bianry image.
As a preferred technical solution, in the step S3, using following Arnold scramble formula to two-dimentional code watermark
Image carries out a weight or multiple Arnold scramble；
Arnold conversion formula are as follows:
Wherein, a, b, n, N are the common parameters of image Arnold scramble and inverse scrambling resumption, and a and b are parameters, and n is transformation
Number, N are the line number or columns of image, (xn+1, yn+1) it is pixel (xn, yn) carry out transformed coordinate.
As a preferred technical solution, in the step S4, the two dimensional code watermarking images after disorder processing are carried out
One weight or multi-enciphering processing, wherein encryption is exchanged using ranks, is one or more in rotation, overturning, mirror image or transposition
Location of pixels transformation combination is realized.
Further comprise in the step S5 as a preferred technical solution:
Step S501: carrying out piecemeal to target image and obtains its DCT coefficient after carrying out dct transform to each piecemeal；
Step S502: the value of different insertion coefficients is selected according to the two-value of two dimensional code watermarking images individual element simultaneously
The DCT coefficient in each block DCT transform domain of target image is updated according to the formula of setting；
Step S503: the updated piecemeal of above-mentioned DCT coefficient is carried out after DCT inverse transformation one by one by each piecemeal again group again
At SAR image.
The SAR image digital watermarking generating means based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code that the invention also discloses a kind of, including mesh
Logo image read module, two dimensional code watermarking images generation module, scramble module, encrypting module and insertion module, wherein the mesh
Logo image read module is for reading original SAR image as target image；
The two dimensional code watermarking images generation module is for generating image in 2 D code as two dimensional code watermarking images；
The scramble module is used to pixel position coordinates in two dimensional code watermarking images carrying out scramble；
The encrypting module is used to that the image after disorder processing to be encrypted using location of pixels transformation；
The insertion module be used for by encrypted treated two dimensional code watermarking images insertion target image to complete SAR
Image digital watermark generates.
The invention also discloses a kind of SAR image digital watermarking analytic method based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code, including with
Lower step:
Step S100: it reads original target image and has been inserted into watermark SAR image；
Step S200: according to original target image from having been inserted into the two dimension isolated and be embedded in watermark SAR image
Code watermark image；
Step S300: location of pixels inverse transformation is carried out to complete at decryption to two dimensional code watermarking images in the way of agreement
Reason；
Step S400: in the way of agreement by pixel position coordinates in the two dimensional code watermarking images after decryption processing into
The random parsing to complete two dimensional code watermarking images of row inverted.
The invention also discloses a kind of SAR image digital watermarking resolver based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code, including figure
As read module, two dimensional code watermarking images separation module, deciphering module and inverted unrest module, wherein
The read module is for reading original target image and having been inserted into watermark SAR image；
The two dimensional code watermarking images separation module is used for according to original target image from having been inserted into watermark SAR image point
Separate out the two dimensional code watermarking images being embedded in；
The deciphering module is used to carry out location of pixels inverse transformation to two dimensional code watermarking images in the way of agreement with complete
At decryption processing；
The inverted unrest module is used for pixel in the two dimensional code watermarking images after decryption processing in the way of agreement
Position coordinates carry out the random parsing to complete two dimensional code watermarking images of inverted.
Compared with prior art, the present invention uses two dimensional code as watermarking images, to improve noise robustness；Simultaneously
By carrying out scrambling encryption processing to two dimensional code watermarking images, to effectively increase the confidentiality of watermark, antifalsification, safety
Property.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the flow diagrams of the SAR image digital watermarking generation method of scrambling encryption two dimensional code.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention is based on the functional block diagrams of the SAR image digital watermarking generating means of scrambling encryption two dimensional code.
Fig. 3 is that the SAR image digital watermarking based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code of another preferred embodiment of the present invention is raw
At the functional block diagram of device.
Fig. 4 is that the present invention is based on the flow diagrams of the SAR image digital watermarking analytic method of scrambling encryption two dimensional code.
Fig. 5 is that the present invention is based on the functional block diagrams of the SAR image digital watermarking resolver of scrambling encryption two dimensional code.
Fig. 6 is two dimensional code digital watermarking image resolving detail flowchart in a kind of preferred embodiment.
Fig. 7 is two dimensional code digital watermarking image generating process detail flowchart in a kind of preferred embodiment.
Fig. 8 is the two dimensional code watermarking images read.
Fig. 9 is the original SAR image read.
Figure 10 is the SAR image B1 after size adjusting is square.
Figure 11 is the watermarking images after size adjusting.
Figure 12 is the watermarking images after a heavy Arnold scramble.
Figure 13 is double encrypted watermarking images.
Figure 14 is that watermarking images are embedded in SAR image.
Figure 15 is the SAR image completed after watermark insertion.
Figure 16 is the SAR image b1 after size adjusting is square.
Figure 17 is the SAR image B1 ' after size adjusting is square.
Figure 18 is the Converse solved watermarking images A4 determined.
Figure 19 is the watermarking images A2 obtained after decrypting.
Figure 20 is the image in 2 D code A ' obtained after size adjusting is set.
Following specific embodiment will further illustrate the present invention in conjunction with above-mentioned attached drawing.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution provided by the invention is described further below with reference to attached drawing.
In the prior art, when carrying out digital watermark embedding, target image is usually the images class such as optical imagery, infrared image
Type, at present using SAR (synthetic aperture radar) image as the research in terms of the two dimensional code digital watermark technology of target image, patent
Etc. yet there are no relevant report.SAR (synthetic aperture radar) image is the image obtained after a kind of microwave imaging, is specific band
Under under (L-band, C-band, X-band etc.), specific polarization radar mode (the most commonly used is vertical polarization VV and horizontal polarization HH)
Gray level image, indicate is ground object target radar raster-displaying intensity.And digital watermark technology can be divided into realization
" Color digital watermarking " and " gray level image watermark " two classes, digital watermark technology is related with image type but is also not every kind of figure
As type has required specific, special corresponding digital watermark technology.Obviously, SAR image digital watermarking belongs to " gray level image
Watermark " is this kind of.It is noted that the coherent imaging feature having when due to SAR radar imagery itself, so that SAR image
In contain a large amount of coherent speckle noises, wherein be embedded in digital watermarking should have stronger noise robustness.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, it referring to Fig. 1, show proposed by the present invention based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code
The flow diagram of SAR image digital watermarking generation method, comprising the following steps:
Step S10: original SAR image is read as target image；
Step S20: image in 2 D code is generated as two dimensional code watermarking images；Wherein, when two dimensional code watermarking images are non-two
It is worth image, is first converted into bianry image；
Step S30: pixel position coordinates in two dimensional code watermarking images are subjected to scramble；
Step S40: the two dimensional code watermarking images after disorder processing are encrypted using location of pixels transformation；
Step S50: by encrypted treated two dimensional code watermarking images insertion target image to complete SAR image number
Watermark generates.
In the prior art, a variety of two dimensional code code systems are had been developed that, common are PDF417, QR Code, Code 49, Code
16K, Code One etc..Wherein, being most widely used with QR type two dimensional code (i.e. QR Code).QR type two dimensional code has information
The advantages that capacity is big, coding range is wide, error correcting capability is strong, damage-retardation performance is strong, reaction speed is fast, high safety and reliability, in one kind
In preferred embodiment, the present invention is using QR type two dimensional code as watermarking images.
It in a preferred embodiment, further include the step that size adjusting is carried out to target image and two dimensional code watermarking images
Suddenly.That is, target image amplification is adjusted to the square SAR closest with its original size according to practical application request
Image；And by the size adjusting of two dimensional code watermarking images be adjustment after target image size half.
Further, in the step S3, one is carried out to two dimensional code watermarking images using following Arnold scramble formula
Weight or multiple Arnold scramble；
Arnold conversion formula are as follows:
Wherein, a, b, n, N are the common parameters of image Arnold scramble and inverse scrambling resumption, and a and b are parameters, and n is transformation
Number, N are the line number or columns of image, (xn+1, yn+1) it is pixel (xn, yn) carry out transformed coordinate.
Similarly, coordinate inversion disorderly can easily be carried out by Arnold inverted.
Arnold inverse transformation formula are as follows:
Further, in the step S4, it is heavy or multiple that one is carried out to the two dimensional code watermarking images after disorder processing
Encryption, wherein encryption is exchanged using ranks, one or more location of pixels become in rotation, overturning, mirror image or transposition
Combination is changed to realize.
The transformation of progress image is essential during insertion watermarking images, and common transformation has DWT to convert (discrete wavelet
Transformation), dct transform (discrete cosine transform), DFT transform (discrete Fourier transform) etc..Further, the step S5 is into one
Step includes:
Step S501: carrying out piecemeal to target image and obtains its DCT coefficient after carrying out dct transform to each piecemeal；
Step S502: the value of different insertion coefficients is selected according to the two-value of two dimensional code watermarking images individual element simultaneously
The DCT coefficient in each block DCT transform domain of target image is updated according to the formula of setting；
Step S503: the updated piecemeal of above-mentioned DCT coefficient is carried out after DCT inverse transformation one by one by each piecemeal again group again
At SAR image.
By adopting the above technical scheme, for SAR image as target image, the present invention can be used: multiple scramble, multiple
Two dimensional code digital watermarking image is embedded into SAR image by encryption, dct transform and its inverse transformation, and utilizes its reversible process, energy
It is enough that recovery is extracted to the watermarking images being had been inserted into SAR image after multiple scramble, multi-enciphering, dct transform.
Referring to fig. 2, it show the principle of the SAR image digital watermarking generating means the present invention is based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code
Block diagram, including target image read module, two dimensional code watermarking images generation module, scramble module, encrypting module and insertion module,
Wherein, the target image read module is for reading original SAR image as target image；
The two dimensional code watermarking images generation module is for generating image in 2 D code as two dimensional code watermarking images；
The scramble module is used to pixel position coordinates in two dimensional code watermarking images carrying out scramble；
The encrypting module is used to that the image after disorder processing to be encrypted using location of pixels transformation；
The insertion module be used for by encrypted treated two dimensional code watermarking images insertion target image to complete SAR
Image digital watermark generates.
In a preferred embodiment, two dimensional code watermarking images generation module is using QR type two dimensional code as watermark figure
Picture.
In a preferred embodiment, shown in Figure 3, it further include target image adjustment module and Image Adjusting mould
Block, target image adjust module and are used to carry out target image size adjusting, and image adjustment module is used for according to mesh adjusted
Logo image carries out size adjusting to two dimensional code watermarking images.That is, target image amplification is adjusted to according to practical application request
The closest square SAR image with its original size；And by the size adjusting of two dimensional code watermarking images be adjustment after mesh
The half of logo image size.
In a preferred embodiment, further include binary processing module, binary processing module be used for image into
Row binary conversion treatment, when two dimensional code watermarking images be non-bianry image, be first converted into bianry image.
Further, scramble module is heavy or multiple to two dimensional code watermarking images progress one using following Arnold scramble formula
Arnold scramble.
Further, encrypting module is used to carry out the two dimensional code watermarking images after disorder processing one weight or multi-enciphering
Processing, wherein encryption is exchanged using ranks, rotation, overturn, one or more location of pixels transformation groups in mirror image or transposition
It closes and realizes.
The transformation of progress image is essential during insertion watermarking images, and common transformation has DWT to convert (discrete wavelet
Transformation), dct transform (discrete cosine transform), DFT transform (discrete Fourier transform) etc..Further, it is embedded in module and uses
Two dimensional code watermarking images are embedded into SAR image by dct transform and its inverse transformation after handling image.
Referring to fig. 4, the invention also discloses a kind of SAR image digital watermarking parsing side based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code
Method, comprising the following steps:
Step S100: it reads original target image and has been inserted into watermark SAR image；
Step S200: according to original target image from having been inserted into the two dimension isolated and be embedded in watermark SAR image
Code watermark image；
Step S300: location of pixels inverse transformation is carried out to complete at decryption to two dimensional code watermarking images in the way of agreement
Reason；
Step S400: in the way of agreement by pixel position coordinates in the two dimensional code watermarking images after decryption processing into
The random parsing to complete two dimensional code watermarking images of row inverted.
Using above-mentioned technical proposal of the present invention carry out digital watermarking generating process in, use multiple scramble, multi-enciphering,
Two dimensional code digital watermarking image is embedded into SAR image by dct transform and its inverse transformation, therefore, can use its inverse process
Realization extracts recovery to the watermarking images being had been inserted into SAR image after multiple scramble, multi-enciphering, dct transform.
Referring to Fig. 5, the invention also discloses a kind of, and the SAR image digital watermarking based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code parses dress
It sets, including image reading module, two dimensional code watermarking images separation module, deciphering module and inverted unrest module, wherein
The read module is for reading original target image and having been inserted into watermark SAR image；
The two dimensional code watermarking images separation module is used for according to original target image from having been inserted into watermark SAR image point
Separate out the two dimensional code watermarking images being embedded in；
The deciphering module is used to carry out location of pixels inverse transformation to two dimensional code watermarking images in the way of agreement with complete
At decryption processing；
The inverted unrest module is used for pixel in the two dimensional code watermarking images after decryption processing in the way of agreement
Position coordinates carry out the random parsing to complete two dimensional code watermarking images of inverted.
Referring to Fig. 7, it show the detailed process that two dimensional code digital watermarking image of the present invention generates:
It is denoted as A as the original two dimensional code image of watermarking images step 1: reading respectively (its coding has included product mark
The contents such as knowledge, product information) and original SAR image as target image be denoted as B (explanation: SAR image B herein can be
The rectangular or square of any row, column dimensions, because original SAR image is usually to have certain line number, columns size
Rectangular or square gray level image).Then judge whether the two dimensional code watermarking images A read is bianry image, if it is two
Value image is denoted as A1；If it is not bianry image, needing to be converted into bianry image postscript is A1.
Step 2: being amplified adjustment according to the size (assuming that it is arranged having a size of M row, N) of the original SAR image B of reading
It is denoted as why the size adjusting of SAR image (is square by B1 for the square SAR image closest with its original size
It is because the Arnold scramble that this patent uses, scramble object must be square-shaped image).I.e. if M >=N, SAR is schemed
As the SAR image B1 that B amplification is adjusted to M row, M is arranged；If M < N, SAR image B amplification is adjusted to N row, the SAR of N column schemes
As B1.
Step 3: the half that the size adjusting of two dimensional code watermarking images A1 is SAR image B1 size is denoted as A2 later；I.e.
The size of image A1 (line number, columns) can be adjusted to image B1 size (line number, columns) size first, then be reduced into figure again
As the half of B1 size (line number, columns), it is denoted as image A2 later.
Step 4: common parameters a, b, n, N of setting image Arnold scramble and inverse scrambling resumption.These parameters come from
Lower Arnold conversion and its inverse transformation formula, wherein a and b is parameter, and n is number of transitions (i.e. the number of iterations), and N is the row of image
Several or columns (line number is equal to columns herein, because the object images of Arnold scramble need to be square).(xn+1, yn+1) it is pixel
Point (xn, yn) carry out transformed coordinate.
Arnold conversion formula are as follows:
Arnold inverse transformation formula are as follows:
Step 5: carrying out a weight (one according to parameter a, b, n, N and formula (1a) of setting to two dimensional code watermarking images A2
It is secondary) or multiple (multiple) Arnold scramble, and the image obtained after its scramble is denoted as A3.Due to the sheet of image Arnold scramble
Matter is to carry out position coordinates transformation to pixel (respective pixel value), so doing further using to image A3 pixel position
Transformation, to after Arnold scramble image A3 carry out a weight (primary) or it is multiple it is (multiple) encrypt, encrypt row can be used
It arranges a variety of location of pixels transformation such as exchange, rotation, overturning, mirror image, transposition and is used as cipher mode, location of pixels transformation can also be used
Combination as cipher mode realize it is multiple it is (multiple) encrypt, and the image obtained after being encrypted is denoted as A4.
Step 6: carrying out suitably piecemeal (every piece is 2 × 2 pixels) to the SAR image B1 as target image and to each
Piecemeal obtains its DCT coefficient after carrying out dct transform, then according to the two-value (i.e. two of two dimensional code watermarking images A4 individual element
The pixel value for being worth image is 0 or 1) selects the value of different insertion coefficients, updates DCT coefficient according to the formula of setting, then right
The SAR image B1 answered has new DCT coefficient in the dct transform domain of piecemeal one by one, then to carry out DCT inverse for piecemeal one by one above
Each piecemeal reformulation SAR image is denoted as B2 after transformation, this realizes the insertion of watermark, i.e., will be by scramble, encryption
Image B2 is obtained after two dimensional code watermarking images A4 insertion SAR image B1.
Step 7: being SAR image according to the size (line number, columns) of the original SAR image size adjusting image B2 of reading
The size adjusting of SAR image B2 (is reverted to M row, N is arranged) by original size, this has been embedded in two dimensional code watermarking images and extensive
It is multiple to be denoted as B ' at the SAR image of original size.
As described above, after completing the original SAR image B of two dimensional code watermarking images A insertion by above step 1-7,
The SAR image B ' comprising digital watermarking is obtained, so far the telescopiny of watermarking images terminates.
Referring to Fig. 6, it show the detailed process of two dimensional code digital watermarking image parsing of the present invention:
Step 8: reading the SAR image B ' and original SAR image B for having been inserted into two dimensional code watermarking images.
Step 9: being amplified adjustment according to the size (assuming that it is arranged having a size of M row, N) of the original SAR image B of reading
B1 is denoted as the square SAR image closest with its original size.I.e. if M >=N, SAR image B amplification is adjusted to
The SAR image b1 of M row, M column；If M < N, SAR image B amplification is adjusted to the SAR image b1 of N row, N column.
Step 10: digital water will be included according to the size (assuming that it is arranged having a size of M row, N) of the original SAR image B of reading
SAR image B ' the amplification of print is adjusted to the square SAR image closest with image B original size and is denoted as B1 '.I.e. if M
SAR image B ' amplification is then adjusted to the SAR image B1 ' of M row, M column by >=N；If M < N, SAR image B ' is amplified and is adjusted
The SAR image B1 ' arranged for N row, N.
Step 11: carrying out suitably piecemeal (every piece is 2 × 2 pixels) to SAR image b1 and carrying out DCT change to each piecemeal
Its DCT coefficient is obtained after changing；Carrying out suitably piecemeal to the SAR image B1 ' for having been inserted into two dimensional code watermarking images, (every piece is 2 × 2
Pixel) and to each piecemeal carry out dct transform after obtain its DCT coefficient.Then SAR image out Converse solved to the formula of setting
The value of the insertion coefficient of each piecemeal of B1 ', and then determined as it, extract two dimensional code watermarking images A4 contained by SAR image B1 '
(i.e. by the corresponding value for determining bianry image A4 individual element of the value of the insertion coefficient of each piecemeal).
Step 12: two dimensional code watermarking images A4 is decrypted, i.e., to employed in the 5th step based on location of pixels
A weight or multi-enciphering mode for transformation obtains image A3 after carrying out its inverse transformation.Then to A3 according to the figure set in the 4th step
As Arnold against scrambling resumption a, b, n, N parameter value and formula (1b) to employed in the 5th step one weight or it is multiple
Arnold scramble carries out inverted unrest, can recover two dimensional code watermarking images A2.
Step 13: due to extract restore after the size of two dimensional code watermarking images A2 that obtains be by third step to watermark
It is determined after image A1 progress size adjusting, it is subsequent for convenience that two dimensional code watermarking images A2 is shown, is printed, is made
With, scanning decoding etc., can according to actual needs to the size of A2 (line number, columns) be adjusted setting after obtain image in 2 D code
It is denoted as A '.
As described above, being completed from the SAR image B ' for having been inserted into two dimensional code watermarking images by above step 8-13
It extracts after restoring watermarking images, obtains image in 2 D code A ', it is clear that itself and original two dimensional code image A coding having the same
Content.So far the extraction recovery process of watermarking images terminates.
Implementation example:
This example is become after passing it through Arnold scramble, encryption using DCT using a QR type two dimensional code as watermarking images
It changes and its inverse transformation is embedded into original SAR image；Correspondingly, to the SAR image of two dimensional code watermarking images is had been inserted into using DCT
Transformation, decryption, Arnold inverted are random, and final can extract recovers two dimensional code watermarking images.
The generating process of watermarking images:
It is denoted as A as the original two dimensional code image of watermarking images step 1: reading, is QR type two dimensional code, having a size of 280
(row) × 280 (column), as shown in Figure 8.The encoded content that the QR type two dimensional code is included is http: //
Www.haut.edu.cn/, the i.e. website links of He'nan University of Technology official website homepage.
It reads and is denoted as B as the original SAR image of target image, having a size of 700 (row) × 600 (column), such as Fig. 9 institute
Show.
Then judge whether the two dimensional code watermarking images A read is bianry image, if it is that bianry image is denoted as A1；Such as
It is not bianry image to fruit, then needing to be converted into bianry image postscript is A1.
Step 2: being amplified according to the size (700 × 600) of the original SAR image B of reading and being adjusted to original with it
The closest square SAR image of size is denoted as B1 (i.e. the size of B1 is 700 × 700), as shown in Figure 10.
Step 3: the half that the size adjusting of two dimensional code watermarking images A1 is SAR image B1 size is denoted as A2 later；I.e.
The size of image A1 (line number, columns) can be adjusted to image B1 size (line number, columns) size first, then be reduced into figure again
As the half of B1 size (line number, columns), it is denoted as image A2 (i.e. the size of A2 is 350 × 350) later, as shown in figure 11.
Step 4: common parameters a, b, n, N of setting image Arnold scramble and inverse scrambling resumption.These parameters come from
Arnold conversion formula (1a) and its inverse transformation formula (1b), wherein a and b is parameter, and n is number of transitions (i.e. the number of iterations), N
It is the line number or columns of image (line number is equal to columns herein, because the object images of Arnold scramble need to be square).This example
The middle specific value of above-mentioned parameter is as follows: a=3, b=5, n=10, N=350, wherein the value of N by watermarking images A2 size
(350 × 350) it determines.
Step 5: carrying out a weight according to a, b, n, N parameter value and formula (1a) of setting to two dimensional code watermarking images A2
(" weight ", which refers to, here carries out an Arnold scramble, and " double " refers to for (primary) or multiple (multiple) Arnold scramble
One time Arnold scramble result carries out Arnold disorder processing again, similar, the meaning and so on of " multiple "), and by its
The image obtained after scramble is denoted as A3.In this example to two dimensional code watermarking images A2 carry out be a heavy Arnold scramble, i.e., only into
It has gone and has obtained image A3 after an Arnold disorder processing, as shown in figure 12.Since the essence of image Arnold scramble is to picture
Vegetarian refreshments (respective pixel value) carries out position coordinates transformation, so converted using to image A3 pixel position is further,
Come to after Arnold scramble image A3 carry out a weight (primary) or it is multiple it is (multiple) encryption, encrypt can be used ranks exchange,
A variety of location of pixels transformation such as rotation, overturning, mirror image, transposition are used as cipher mode, and the combination of location of pixels transformation can also be used
Multi-enciphering is realized as cipher mode, and the image obtained after being encrypted is denoted as A4.In this example to Arnold scramble after
What image A3 was carried out is two re-encryptions (i.e. using two kinds of evolutions be combined encrypted twice), specific cipher mode be by
Image A3 elder generation transposition (encrypting for the first time) spins upside down (second of encryption) again, image A4 is obtained after encryption, such as Figure 13 institute
Show.
Step 6: carrying out suitably piecemeal (every piece is 2 × 2 pixels) to the SAR image B1 as target image and to each
Piecemeal obtains its DCT coefficient x1 after carrying out dct transform, then (i.e. according to the two-value of two dimensional code watermarking images A4 individual element
The pixel value of bianry image is 0 or 1) selects the value of different insertion coefficient ks (when the pixel value of bianry image is 0 in this example
Take k=-1, and when pixel value is 1, takes k=1), DCT coefficient (modification, updated DCT in this example is updated according to the formula of setting
Coefficient is x2, then x2=x1* (1+k*p), and wherein p indicates the modification degree to DCT coefficient, takes p=0.03 in this example), then it is right
The SAR image B1 answered has new DCT coefficient x2 in the dct transform domain of piecemeal one by one, then to piecemeal carries out DCT one by one above
Each piecemeal reformulation SAR image is denoted as B2 after inverse transformation, this realizes the insertion of watermark, i.e., will be by scramble, encryption
Two dimensional code watermarking images A4 insertion SAR image B1 after obtain image B2, as shown in figure 14.
Step 7: being SAR image according to the size (line number, columns) of the original SAR image size adjusting image B2 of reading
The size adjusting of SAR image B2 (is reverted to M row, N is arranged) by original size, this has been embedded in two dimensional code watermarking images and extensive
It is multiple to be denoted as B ' at the SAR image of original size, as shown in figure 15.
As described above, after completing the original SAR image B of two dimensional code watermarking images A insertion by above step 1-7,
The SAR image B ' comprising digital watermarking is obtained, so far the telescopiny of watermarking images terminates.
Correspondingly, the resolving for the digital watermarking image that this patent proposes is as follows:
Step 8: reading the SAR image B ' and original SAR image B for having been inserted into two dimensional code watermarking images.
Step 9: being amplified adjustment according to the size (assuming that it is arranged having a size of M row, N) of the original SAR image B of reading
B1 is denoted as the square SAR image closest with its original size.I.e. if M >=N, SAR image B amplification is adjusted to
The SAR image b1 of M row, M column；If M < N, SAR image B amplification is adjusted to the SAR image b1 of N row, N column, such as Figure 16 institute
Show.
Step 10: digital water will be included according to the size (assuming that it is arranged having a size of M row, N) of the original SAR image B of reading
SAR image B ' the amplification of print is adjusted to the square SAR image closest with image B original size and is denoted as B1 '.I.e. if M
SAR image B ' amplification is then adjusted to the SAR image B1 ' of M row, M column by >=N；If M < N, SAR image B ' is amplified and is adjusted
For N row, N arrange SAR image B1 ', as shown in figure 17.
Step 11: carrying out suitably piecemeal (every piece is 2 × 2 pixels) to SAR image b1 and carrying out DCT change to each piecemeal
Its DCT coefficient x1 is obtained after changing；Carrying out suitably piecemeal to the SAR image B1 ' for having been inserted into two dimensional code watermarking images, (every piece is 2
× 2 pixels) and to each piecemeal carry out dct transform after obtain its DCT coefficient x2.Then (i.e. x1 Converse solved to the formula of setting
=x2/ (1+k*p)) go out each piecemeal of SAR image B1 ' insertion coefficient k value, and then determined by it, extract SAR image
Two dimensional code watermarking images A4 contained by B1 ' (determines two by the value correspondence of the insertion coefficient k of each piecemeal as shown in figure 18
It is worth the value of image A4 individual element).
Step 12: two dimensional code watermarking images A4 is decrypted, in this example i.e. to employed in the 5th step based on elder generation
Transposition, the evolution spun upside down again double cipher mode carry out obtaining image A3 after its inverse transformation.Then to A3 according to
The image Arnold set in 4th step against scrambling resumption a, b, n, N parameter value and formula (1b) to being adopted in the 5th step
One heavy Arnold scramble carries out inverted unrest, can recover two dimensional code watermarking images A2, as shown in figure 19.
Step 13: since the size (350 × 350) for extracting the two dimensional code watermarking images A2 obtained after recovery is by third
To what is determined after watermarking images A1 progress size adjusting in step, two dimensional code watermarking images A2 is shown in order to facilitate subsequent
Show, print, use, scanning decoding etc., can according to actual needs to the size of A2 (line number, columns) be adjusted setting after obtain
Image in 2 D code is denoted as A '.The size of the image in 2 D code A ' of output is set in this example as 500 × 500, as shown in figure 20.
As described above, being completed from the SAR image B ' for having been inserted into two dimensional code watermarking images by above step 8-13
It extracts after restoring watermarking images, obtains image in 2 D code A ', it is clear that itself and original two dimensional code image A coding having the same
Content.So far the extraction recovery process of watermarking images terminates.
In conclusion The present invention gives a kind of, the SAR based on Arnold scramble, location of pixels transposition encryption two dimensional code schemes
As digital watermark method, one weight or multiple scramble, a weight can be carried out according to the rule of scramble, encryption when carrying out scramble, encryption
Or multi-enciphering, selected in the telescopiny of two dimensional code watermarking images it is lossless, reversible, with good decorrelation,
With symmetry and efficient dct transform, to improve watermarking images insertion, extract the quality restored.In two dimensional code watermarking images
It extracts rule when only needed when restoring according to set scramble, encryption and carries out its inverse process processing.In addition, the mesh being directed to
Logo image is SAR image, and this patent does not require target image to be square, therefore for rectangular dimension (i.e. line number, columns
Can value it is different) SAR image it is also applicable, improve this patent to the adaptability of target image.
The key point that the present invention has is mainly as follows:
1) when two dimensional code watermarking images extract recovery, if any one parameter value, setting formula, processing links do not have
Rule when having according to set scramble, encryption carries out its inverse process processing, can not correctly extract and recover two-dimentional code watermark
Image.
2) parameter a, b, n value can be different when scramble, encryption；Parameter N is the line number or columns (line number etc. herein of image
In columns, because the object images of Arnold scramble need to be square), it is determined by original SAR image size, i.e., for size
Different SAR image N values is also different.
3) weight (primary) or scramble number when multiple (multiple) Arnold scramble can be different；One weight (primary) or more
The location of pixels number of transitions and combination used when heavy (multiple) encryption can be different.
4) value for being embedded in coefficient k can be different, such as when pixel value of bianry image is 0 in this example takes k=-1, pixel
Value takes k=1 when being 1；Be readily modified as: pixel value takes k=-1 when being 0, and when pixel value is 1 takes k=2.
5) formula that sets and wherein parameter p value can be different when modifying, updating DCT coefficient, such as modification in this example,
Updated DCT coefficient is x2, then x2=x1* (1+k*p), and wherein p indicates the modification degree to DCT coefficient, takes p=in this example
0.03；It is readily modified as: x2=x1/ (1+k*p), wherein taking p=0.05.
6) difference of the above parameter value, difference, the difference of processing links of setting formula are the various of this patent method
Deformation.Also exactly the above various change a possibility that so that this patent method is provided with stronger flexibility and preferable secrecy
Property, antifalsification, safety.Because above every kind of variation will all have encryption, if any one parameter value, setting public affairs
Rule when formula, processing links are not according to set scramble, encryption carries out its inverse process processing, can not correctly extract recovery
Two dimensional code watermarking images out.
Compared with prior art, the present invention uses QR type two dimensional code first, which removes the big, reliability with information capacity
Height, can show the much informations such as text, number, symbol, pattern, outside the features such as confidentiality is high, also have ultrahigh speed recognition, Quan Fang
The features such as position recognition, extremely strong error correcting capability.Even if image in 2 D code has part to be stained in identification process, remain to accurately
It is distinguished.Secondly using SAR image as target image, it is a kind of high-resolution remote sensing image, wherein containing all kinds of
Ground object target, a large amount of coherent speckle noise, textural characteristics abundant.Using the insertion of this patent method, extract the two dimensional code restored
Watermarking images have preferable robustness and the transparency.For a large amount of coherent speckle noises that SAR image contains, this patent method
It remains to correctly carry out the insertion of watermarking images, extract and restore, embody preferable robustness.Line abundant for SAR image
Feature is managed, the SAR image (as shown in figure 15) for having been inserted into two dimensional code watermarking images obtained using this patent method and original SAR
Image (as shown in Figure 9) compares, and the two does not have obvious vision difference, picture quality not to be decreased obviously yet, and embodies preferably
The transparency.In addition, various change of this patent method in terms of parameter value, setting formula, processing links is compared to routine
Scramble, encryption have higher confidentiality, antifalsification, safety.
It should be understood that the example of this patent is by being embedded into SAR after carrying out scramble, encryption to two dimensional code watermarking images
Rule in image, and when by according to set scramble, encryption carries out its inverse process processing, can be from having been inserted into watermarking images
It extracted in SAR image, recover image in 2 D code.By the final extraction of experimental verification, the two dimensional code watermarking images recovered
It is almost the same with original two dimensional code image, original two dimensional code can be accurately obtained by carrying out barcode scanning recognition to two dimensional code watermarking images
The encoded content that image is included.But extract, the two dimensional code watermarking images that recover are compared with original two dimensional code image, scheming
Occur several noise speckles as on, this is the mistake in the treatment processes such as picture size adjustment, scramble, encryption and its inverse process
Caused by difference, since two dimensional code itself has very strong error correcting capability, it can accurately be distinguished, not influenced it is stained
The actual use of this patent.This patent may be implemented completely SAR image digital watermark method based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code and
Its practical application.
The above description of the embodiment is only used to help understand the method for the present invention and its core ideas.It should be pointed out that pair
For those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, the present invention can also be carried out
Some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The widest scope of cause.
Claims (10)
1. the SAR image digital watermarking generation method based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code, which comprises the following steps:
Step S10: original SAR image is read as target image；
Step S20: image in 2 D code is generated as two dimensional code watermarking images；
Step S30: pixel position coordinates in two dimensional code watermarking images are subjected to scramble；
Step S40: the two dimensional code watermarking images after disorder processing are encrypted using location of pixels transformation；
Step S50: by encrypted treated two dimensional code watermarking images insertion target image to complete SAR image digital watermarking
It generates.
2. the SAR image digital watermarking generation method according to claim 1 based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code, feature exist
In further including the steps that carrying out size adjusting to target image and two dimensional code watermarking images.
3. the SAR image digital watermarking generation method according to claim 1 based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code, feature exist
In, wherein target image amplification is adjusted to the square SAR image closest with its original size；And by two dimensional code
The size adjusting of watermarking images is the half of target image size after adjustment.
4. the SAR image digital watermarking generation method according to claim 1 or 2 based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code, special
Sign is, in the step S2, when two dimensional code watermarking images be non-bianry image, be first converted into bianry image.
5. the SAR image digital watermarking generation method according to claim 3 based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code, feature exist
In in the step S3, using following Arnold scramble formula to one weight of two dimensional code watermarking images progress or multiple Arnold
Scramble；
Arnold conversion formula are as follows:
Wherein, a, b, n, N are the common parameters of image Arnold scramble and inverse scrambling resumption, and a and b are parameters, and n is transformation time
Number, N is the line number or columns of image, (xn+1, yn+1) it is pixel (xn, yn) carry out transformed coordinate.
6. the SAR image digital watermarking generation method according to claim 1 or 2 based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code, special
Sign is, in the step S4, carries out a weight to the two dimensional code watermarking images after disorder processing or multi-enciphering is handled,
In, encryption is exchanged using ranks, one or more location of pixels transformation combinations are realized in rotation, overturning, mirror image or transposition.
7. the SAR image digital watermarking generation method according to claim 1 or 2 based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code, special
Sign is, further comprises in the step S5:
Step S501: carrying out piecemeal to target image and obtains its DCT coefficient after carrying out dct transform to each piecemeal；
Step S502: according to the two-value of two dimensional code watermarking images individual element select different insertion coefficients value and according to
The formula of setting updates the DCT coefficient in each block DCT transform domain of target image；
Step S503: again the updated piecemeal of above-mentioned DCT coefficient is carried out reformulating each piecemeal after DCT inverse transformation one by one
SAR image.
8. the SAR image digital watermarking generating means based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code, which is characterized in that read including target image
Module, two dimensional code watermarking images generation module, scramble module, encrypting module and insertion module, wherein the target image is read
Module is for reading original SAR image as target image；
The two dimensional code watermarking images generation module is for generating image in 2 D code as two dimensional code watermarking images；
The scramble module is used to pixel position coordinates in two dimensional code watermarking images carrying out scramble；
The encrypting module is used to that the image after disorder processing to be encrypted using location of pixels transformation；
The insertion module be used for by encrypted treated two dimensional code watermarking images insertion target image to complete SAR image
Digital watermarking generates.
9. the SAR image digital watermarking analytic method based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code, which comprises the following steps:
Step S100: it reads original target image and has been inserted into watermark SAR image；
Step S200: according to original target image from having been inserted into the two dimensional code water isolated and be embedded in watermark SAR image
Watermark image；
Step S300: location of pixels inverse transformation is carried out to complete decryption processing to two dimensional code watermarking images in the way of agreement；
Step S400: in the way of agreement that pixel position coordinates progress in the two dimensional code watermarking images after decryption processing is inverse
Scramble is to complete the parsings of two dimensional code watermarking images.
10. the SAR image digital watermarking resolver based on scrambling encryption two dimensional code, which is characterized in that including image reading mould
Block, two dimensional code watermarking images separation module, deciphering module and inverted unrest module, wherein
The read module is for reading original target image and having been inserted into watermark SAR image；
The two dimensional code watermarking images separation module is used to be isolated according to original target image from having been inserted into watermark SAR image
The two dimensional code watermarking images being embedded in；
The deciphering module is used to carry out location of pixels inverse transformation to two dimensional code watermarking images in the way of agreement to complete to solve
Close processing；
The inverted unrest module is used for pixel position in the two dimensional code watermarking images after decryption processing in the way of agreement
Coordinate carries out the random parsing to complete two dimensional code watermarking images of inverted.
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