CN109190237B - Method for calculating numerical value of multi-source concurrency and flow of ship bubbles - Google Patents
Method for calculating numerical value of multi-source concurrency and flow of ship bubbles Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a numerical method for calculating the multi-source concurrency and flow of ship bubbles, which considers the bubble generation mechanism of a ship, marks a bubble source grid, realizes the multi-source concurrency of the bubbles by manually setting the bubble concentration of the bubble source grid, then replaces the bubbles with a new component form on the numerical value, establishes a bubble flow control equation according to the Reynolds transport theorem, and finally solves the basic equation of ship flow and the bubble flow control equation. The invention breaks through the bubble flow evaluation technology suitable for the ship design stage, and the technology can be used for evaluating the bubble flow condition of the ship and provides support for the optimal design of the ship bubble flow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ship hydrodynamic numerical simulation, in particular to a numerical method for calculating ship bubble multi-source concurrency and flow.
Background
During the navigation of the ship, air bubbles are mixed into water due to natural wind waves on the sea, broken bow waves, involved air near a waterline and the like, enter the bottom of the ship along with water flow to influence the normal operation of the bottom sound sensor, and finally, an air bubble stern flow with the scale larger than that of the ship is formed at the stern of the ship. During the search and rescue work of marine accidents, accident ships can be quickly found in a mode of searching ship bubble flow by technical means such as satellite remote sensing; in the military field, the existence of the bubble flow can expose the target to enable the warship of one party to be in a dangerous situation, and on the contrary, the acoustic self-guiding device can be developed by utilizing the acoustic characteristics of the bubble flow to guide the torpedo to attack the warship of the enemy party. It can be seen that the problem of bubbles in ships has significant civil and military value.
For the ships which are already put into use, the detection technology of the bubble flow is well developed, for example, the countries in the europe and the america have developed a self-guided attack torpedo taking the ship bubble flow as a search target, and the laser detection technology and the satellite remote sensing technology of the ship bubble flow have achieved certain results.
For a new ship in the design stage, a certain technical means is needed to evaluate the bubble flow condition of the new ship so as to correct the design scheme with the harmful bubble flow problem. However, at present, the ship industry rarely considers the problem of bubble flow of the ship in the design stage; the academia also has relatively few researches on the problem, mainly focuses on the research on the floating process of single or multiple bubbles, and the number of the bubbles is not in an order of magnitude with the bubble scale of an actual ship at all, so that the method is not suitable for the research on the bubble problem of the actual ship. Therefore, the evaluation technology of the ship bubble flow condition is lacked in the ship design process.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a numerical method for calculating the multi-source concurrency and flow of ship bubbles aiming at the defect that a ship bubble flow evaluation technology is absent in the ship design in the prior art, realize the multi-source concurrency of the bubbles in a mode of manually setting bubble source grid bubble concentration, simulate the flow of the ship bubbles through a bubble flow control equation, evaluate the bubble flow condition of a ship, and provide support for the optimal design of the ship bubble flow.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a numerical method for calculating multi-source concurrency and flow of ship bubbles comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a ship fluid domain geometric model by adopting a real scale, and marking a multi-bubble source;
s2, realizing the numerical value of multi-source concurrence of bubbles, which comprises the following steps:
1) According to the marking condition of the bubble source, dividing the fluid domain into a plurality of parts, and if n bubble sources are marked in total, each bubble source is used as one part, and the rest part is the main fluid domain part, dividing the fluid domain into n +1 parts;
2) The method comprises the steps of numerically adopting a new component to replace bubbles, expressing the concentration of the bubbles in water by the volume fraction of the new component, determining the bubble concentration of a bubble source at different positions according to measurement data of bubble flow of a mother ship, and then setting the volume fraction of the new component in each bubble source grid according to the bubble concentration, wherein the new component is a artificially defined substance component to replace the bubbles, so that numerical simulation can be conveniently implemented.
3) Adopting a Fluent DEFINE _ ADJUST function macro and macro commands C _ VOF and THREAD _ SUB _ THREAD, compiling a bubble multi-source concurrent program in a UDF language, then generating an executable program through compiling, and loading in Fluent, so that the volume fraction of a new component in the center of a bubble source grid is reset to a measured value of the bubble concentration of a prototype ship after each iteration, and the volume fraction of the new component in the bubble source grid is kept to be a fixed value in the whole calculation process, thereby achieving the simulation effect of continuous bubbling of the bubble source;
s3, establishing a flow control equation of multi-source concurrent bubbles according to the Reynolds transport theorem;
s4, solving a ship flow basic equation and a bubble flow control equation;
s5, evaluating the flowing condition of the ship bubbles: carrying out post-processing on the calculation result of the transient flow of the ship bubbles obtained by the calculation in the last step, and extracting the spatial distribution condition of the bubbles of each bubble source near the ship in the form of a component volume fraction isosurface so as to evaluate the flow condition of the ship bubbles; and establishing a reference surface at the installation position of the sensor, extracting a cloud picture of the distribution of the bubble concentration of each bubble source on the reference surface, and judging whether the bubble concentration reaches a limit value influencing the normal work of the sensor.
In the above scheme, in step S1, the bubble source is marked at the following positions:
(1) marking point sources at the top of the ship bow waterline;
(2) points are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the stem waterline and point sources are marked;
(3) marking a layer source at a position which is right in front of the ship and is separated from the bow by a little distance;
the position (1) is used for marking bubbles generated by wave breaking near the top of a stem waterline and bubbles generated by air entrainment; the position (2) is used for marking the bubbles generated by wave breaking and air involving in the bottom of the ship in the process of transmitting bow wave to the stern; the position (3) is used for marking bubbles in water caused by natural wind waves at the sea surface and a position with a certain depth under water.
In the above scheme, in step S1, the marking of the bubble source includes the following two steps:
a) Geometric labeling of the bubble source: adding a plurality of closed hexahedron geometries in a ship fluid domain geometric model to mark bubble sources at different positions;
b) Grid marking of bubble source: on the basis of the ship fluid domain geometry with the multiple bubble source geometric marks, the hexahedron units are used for dividing grids, the hexahedron geometry of each bubble source is guaranteed to be filled with a plurality of hexahedron grid units, and the size of boundary layer grids near the surface of a ship is reasonably set in the flow field grid generating process to improve the calculation accuracy.
In the above scheme, in step S3, the establishment of the flow control equation of the multi-source concurrent bubble comprises the following substeps:
1) The new components are used for replacing bubbles to simulate bubble flow, the new components flow along with water flow after flowing out of a bubble source, the sum of volume fractions of all the components (including water) is 1 at any point in a flow field, all the components in the flow field need to meet the Reynolds transport theorem in the flow process, and the volume fractions of all the components are used as variables to establish a flow control equation of each component as follows:
in the formula: rho i Is the density of the ith component; t is the flow time; alpha is alpha i Is the volume fraction of the ith component; u. of i Is the ith component flow velocity vector;
is the mass transport between the ith component and the jth component; n is the total number of components in the flow field;
2) To improve the stability of the calculation, the flow control equation (1) of each component is discretized in a first-order implicit format using a finite volume method, as follows:
in the formula: the superscript n +1 represents the current time step; superscript n denotes the previous time step; v represents the volume of a finite control body, namely the volume of a flow field grid unit; f represents the surface of the finite control volume;
representing the flow rate of the surface of the limited control body at the current time step; />
Representing the volume fraction of the ith component of the finite control body surface at the current time step.
In the above scheme, in step S4, the method for solving the ship flow basic equation and the bubble flow control equation is as follows: adopting a Fluent Coupled Method algorithm, firstly solving a flow continuity and momentum conservation equation, then solving an energy conservation equation, a turbulent kinetic energy and a transport equation of turbulent dissipation rate, and finally solving a bubble flow control equation (2), and repeating iteration until the calculation results of variables such as flow field flow rate, pressure and the like are converged, thereby completing the flow calculation of a time step; and (4) calculating the flow of each time step to complete the numerical calculation of the whole flow process of the ship bubbles.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention breaks through the bubble flow evaluation technology suitable for the ship design stage, and the technology can be used for evaluating the bubble flow condition of the ship and provides support for the optimal design of the ship bubble flow.
2. The invention is based on mature CFD commercial software, realizes bubble flow calculation through secondary development, and sets the bubble concentration of the bubble source by taking a measured value of a mother ship as a reference, thus the accuracy of the invention is ensured.
3. The invention is realized by means of the existing commercial software, and the secondary development program is simpler and easy to realize, so the invention has good universality and convenience.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a numerical method for calculating the multi-source concurrency and flow of ship bubbles according to the invention;
FIGS. 2 and 3 are schematic diagrams of the marking of multiple bubble sources in the embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are schematic views showing the flow of bubbles in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a cloud of bubble volume fractions calculated by an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 10. a first point source; 20. a second point source; 30. a first layer source; 40. a second layer source; 50. a reference plane.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a flowchart of a numerical method for calculating multi-source concurrency and flow of ship bubbles according to the present invention is provided, and the calculation of the bubble flow condition of a No. 2 ocean civil ship specifically includes the following steps:
s1, according to a drawing, a ship fluid domain geometric model is established in a real scale mode, a fluid domain inlet is 5 times of ship length from a ship bow, a fluid domain outlet is 10 times of ship length from a ship stern, the upper end face, the lower end face, the left end face, the right end face and the right end face of a fluid domain are 5 times of width of a ship, and then multiple bubble sources are marked.
The bubbles in the water are mainly caused by natural wind waves on the sea, the breaking of bow waves, the entrainment of air near the waterline and the like, and in consideration of the practical situation, the bubble sources need to be marked at the following positions of the ocean No. 2:
(1) at the top of the ship bow waterline (first point source 10),
(2) points (second point sources 20) are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the stem waterline,
(3) directly in front of the vessel, at a slight distance from the bow (first layer source 30, second layer source 40).
The position (1) is used for marking bubbles generated by wave breaking near the top of a stem waterline and bubbles generated by air entrainment; the position (2) is used for marking the bubbles generated by wave breaking and air involving in the bottom of the ship in the process of transmitting bow wave to the stern; the position (3) is used for marking bubbles in water caused by natural wind waves on the sea surface and at a certain depth under water.
The marking of the bubble source comprises the following two steps:
a) Geometric marking of bubble sources
In order to facilitate the grid marking of the bubble source, the bubble source is marked by adopting hexahedron geometry. Adding a plurality of closed hexahedron geometries in the ship fluid domain geometric model to mark bubble sources at different positions. The hexahedron of the point source is marked to be close to a cube, and the side length of the hexahedron is 1/20 of the ship type depth; the hexahedral geometric width and height of the marking layer source are 1/20 of the ship type depth, and the length is 1/3 of the type width.
b) Grid marking of bubble source
The ship fluid domain geometry established in the last step finishes a plurality of bubble source geometric marks, the ship fluid domain geometry is adopted, the hexahedral units are used for dividing the grids, the hexahedral geometry of each bubble source is ensured to be filled with a plurality of hexahedral grid units, and the size of boundary layer grids near the surface of the ship is reasonably set in the flow field grid generation process so as to improve the calculation accuracy.
By this time, the labeling of multiple bubble sources is completed, for a total of 4 bubble sources. A division of the flow field grid is then performed as shown in fig. 2 and 3.
S2, realizing the numerical value of multi-source concurrency of bubbles, which comprises the following steps:
1) The fluid domain is divided into several portions depending on the labeling of the bubble source. In the present embodiment, 4 bubble sources are marked, each bubble source is taken as one part, and the rest part is the main fluid domain part, so that the fluid domain is divided into 5 parts.
2) In order to simplify the calculation, new components are numerically used to replace the bubbles, the concentration of the bubbles in water is represented by volume fraction of the new components, the concentration of the bubbles of the bubble source at different positions is determined according to the measured data of the bubble flow of the parent ship, and then the volume fraction of the new components in each bubble source grid is set according to the concentration, wherein the new components are artificially defined components of matter to replace the bubbles, so that numerical simulation is convenient to implement.
3) In the sailing process of the ship, bubbles continuously gush out from the position of the bubble source and then enter the bottom of the ship along with water flow to the stern. Considering that the volume fraction of the new component in the bubble source grid can be recalculated every iteration of the flow field and the calculation result is stored in the center of the grid, after each iteration calculation, the volume fraction of the new component in the center of the bubble source grid needs to be rewritten into the measurement value of the bubble concentration of the parent ship through a manual mode, so that the volume fraction of the new component in the bubble source grid can be kept at a fixed value in the whole calculation process, and the simulation effect of continuous bubbling of the bubble source is achieved. And writing a bubble multi-source concurrent program in a UDF language by adopting a DEFINE _ ADJUST function macro of Fluent and macro commands C _ VOF and THREAD _ SUB _ THREAD, then generating an executable program through compiling, and loading in Fluent so as to reset the volume fraction of new components in the bubble source grid after each iteration.
S3, establishing a flow control equation of multi-source concurrent bubbles according to the Reynolds transport theorem, wherein the flow control equation comprises the following substeps:
1) The bubble flow is simulated by replacing the bubbles with a new component that flows with the water stream after emerging from the bubble source, the sum of the volume fractions of all components (including water) being 1 at any point in the flow field. In the flowing process, all components in the flow field need to meet the Reynolds transport theorem, and the volume fraction of each component is taken as a variable to establish a flow control equation of each component as follows:
in the formula: ρ is a unit of a gradient i Is the density of the ith component; t is the flow time; alpha is alpha i Is the volume fraction of the ith component; u. u i Is the ith component flow velocity vector;
is the mass transport between the ith component and the jth component; n is the total number of components in the flow field;
2) To improve the stability of the calculation, the flow control equation (1) of each component is discretized in a first-order implicit format using a finite volume method, as follows:
in the formula: the superscript n +1 represents the current time step; superscript n represents the previous time step; v represents the volume of a finite control body, namely the volume of a flow field grid unit; f represents the surface of the finite control volume;
representing the flow rate of the surface of the limited control body at the current time step; />
Representing the volume fraction of the ith component of the surface of the finite control body at the current time step.
S4, solving a ship flow basic equation and a bubble flow control equation: adopting a Fluent Coupled Method algorithm, firstly solving a flow continuity and momentum conservation equation, then solving an energy conservation equation, a turbulent kinetic energy and a transport equation of turbulent dissipation rate, and finally solving a bubble flow control equation (2), and repeating iteration until the calculation results of variables such as flow field flow rate, pressure and the like are converged, thereby completing the flow calculation of a time step; and (4) calculating the flow of each time step to complete the numerical calculation of the whole flow process of the ship bubbles.
S5, evaluating the flowing condition of the ship bubbles: and (3) post-processing the calculation result of the transient flow of the ship bubbles obtained by the calculation in the previous step, and extracting the spatial distribution condition of the bubbles of each bubble source near the ship in the form of a component volume fraction isosurface so as to evaluate the flow condition of the ship bubbles, as shown in fig. 4 and 5. A reference surface 50 is established at the installation position of the acoustic sensor at the bottom of the ship, a cloud chart of the distribution of the bubble concentration of each bubble source on the reference surface is extracted to judge whether the bubble concentration reaches a limit value influencing the normal work of the sensor or not, as shown in figure 6, the bubble concentration near the acoustic sensor at the bottom of the ship is lower than 0.00005 and cannot influence the normal work of the sensor, so that the design of the ship type No. 2 ocean is scientific and reasonable.
In the present specification, the embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A numerical method for calculating multi-source concurrency and flow of ship bubbles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, establishing a ship fluid domain geometric model by adopting a real scale, and marking a multi-bubble source;
s2, realizing the numerical value of multi-source concurrence of bubbles, which comprises the following steps:
1) According to the marking condition of the bubble source, dividing the fluid domain into a plurality of parts, and if n bubble sources are marked in total, each bubble source is used as one part, and the rest part is the main fluid domain part, dividing the fluid domain into n +1 parts;
2) Replacing bubbles with new components in terms of numerical values, representing the concentration of the bubbles in water by volume fractions of the new components, determining the bubble concentration of a bubble source at different positions according to measurement data of bubble flow of the mother ship, and then setting the volume fractions of the new components in each bubble source grid according to the determined concentration, wherein the new components are artificially defined material components and replace the bubbles, so that numerical simulation is facilitated;
3) Adopting a Fluent DEFINE _ ADJUST function macro and macro commands C _ VOF and THREAD _ SUB _ THREAD, compiling a bubble multi-source concurrent program in a UDF language, then generating an executable program through compiling, and loading in Fluent, so that the volume fraction of a new component in the center of a bubble source grid is reset to a measured value of the bubble concentration of a prototype ship after each iteration, and the volume fraction of the new component in the bubble source grid is kept to be a fixed value in the whole calculation process, thereby achieving the simulation effect of continuous bubbling of the bubble source;
s3, establishing a flow control equation of multi-source concurrent bubbles according to the Reynolds transport theorem;
s4, solving a ship flow basic equation and a bubble flow control equation;
s5, evaluating the flowing condition of the ship bubbles: carrying out post-processing on the calculation result of the transient flow of the ship bubbles obtained by the calculation in the last step, and extracting the spatial distribution condition of the bubbles of each bubble source near the ship in the form of a component volume fraction isosurface so as to evaluate the flow condition of the ship bubbles; and establishing a reference surface at the installation position of the sensor, extracting a cloud picture of the distribution of the bubble concentration of each bubble source on the reference surface, and judging whether the bubble concentration reaches a limit value influencing the normal work of the sensor.
2. The numerical method for calculating the multi-source concurrency and flow of ship bubbles according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the bubble sources are marked at the following positions:
(1) marking point sources at the tops of the ship bow waterline;
(2) points are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the stem waterline and point sources are marked;
(3) marking a layer source at a position which is right in front of the ship and is separated from the bow by a little distance;
the position (1) is used for marking bubbles generated by wave breaking near the top of a stem waterline and bubbles generated by air entrainment; the position (2) is used for marking the bubbles generated by wave breaking and air involving into the bottom of the ship in the process of transmitting the bow wave to the stern; the position (3) is used for marking bubbles in water caused by natural wind waves at the sea surface and a position with a certain depth under water.
3. The numerical method for calculating the multi-source concurrency and flow of the ship bubbles according to claim 2, wherein in the step S1, the marking of the bubble source comprises the following two substeps:
a) Geometric labeling of the bubble source: adding a plurality of closed hexahedron geometries in a ship fluid domain geometric model to mark bubble sources at different positions;
b) Grid marking of bubble source: on the basis of the ship fluid domain geometry with the multiple bubble source geometric marks, the hexahedron units are used for dividing grids, the hexahedron geometry of each bubble source is guaranteed to be filled with the hexahedron grid units, and the size of boundary layer grids near the surface of the ship is reasonably set in the flow field grid generation process to improve calculation accuracy.
4. The numerical method for calculating the multi-source concurrency and flow of the ship bubbles according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the establishment of the flow control equation of the multi-source concurrency bubbles comprises the following steps:
1) The new components are used for replacing bubbles to simulate the flow of the bubbles, the new components flow along with water flow after flowing out of a bubble source, the sum of the volume fractions of all the components is 1 at any point in a flow field, all the components comprise water, all the components in the flow field need to meet the Reynolds transport theorem in the flow process, and the volume fractions of all the components are used as variables to establish a flow control equation of each component as follows:
in the formula: rho i Is the density of the ith component; t is the flow time; alpha is alpha i Is the volume fraction of the ith component; u. of i Is the ith component flow velocity vector;
is the mass transport between the ith component and the jth component; n is the total number of components in the flow field;
2) To improve the stability of the calculation, the flow control equation (1) of each component is discretized in a first-order implicit format using a finite volume method, as follows:
in the formula: the superscript n +1 represents the current time step; superscript n denotes the previous time step; v represents the volume of a finite control body, namely the volume of a flow field grid unit; f represents the surface of the finite control volume;
representing the flow rate of the surface of the limited control body at the current time step; />
Representing the volume fraction of the ith component of the surface of the finite control body at the current time step.
5. The method for calculating the numerical value of the multi-source concurrency and flow of the ship bubbles according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the solving method of the ship flow basic equation and the bubble flow control equation comprises the following steps: adopting a Fluent Coupled Method algorithm, firstly solving a continuity and momentum conservation equation of flow, then solving an energy conservation equation, a turbulent kinetic energy and a transport equation of turbulent dissipation rate, and finally solving a bubble flow control equation (2), and repeating iteration until the calculation results of flow field flow velocity, pressure and other variables are converged, thereby completing flow calculation in a time step; and (4) calculating the flow of each time step to complete the numerical calculation of the whole flow process of the ship bubbles.
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