CN109190213B - Surface runoff watershed space discretization method based on land utilization type - Google Patents
Surface runoff watershed space discretization method based on land utilization type Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a land surface runoff basin space discretization method based on land use types, which comprises the following steps: acquiring the surface runoff process of the outlet section of the drainage basin and grid data of land utilization through hydrological site monitoring data or hydrological model calculation; determining weights according to land use types of different grids; determining distribution proportions of different grid radial flows according to the weights; the one-dimensional data is discretized into two-dimensional raster data according to the distribution ratio. The invention fully considers the influence of the spatial heterogeneity of the drainage basin on the discretization of the radial flow space; the calculation stability of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is improved, and the problem of calculation errors caused by average distribution in the traditional method is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological data discretization processing, in particular to a surface runoff basin space discretization method based on land utilization types.
Background
A hydrodynamic model based on a two-dimensional shallow water equation, in particular to a two-dimensional model adopting a display format and a shock wave capturing numerical method, is commonly used for simulating various flood processes, can simulate a dynamic process in a complex flow state, and is suitable for simulating rainstorm flood with the characteristics of burstiness, concentrated water quantity, large flow speed and the like. The model can be used for carrying out fine description on the terrain change and the characteristics of surface buildings, predicting the spatial distribution and dynamic process of the characteristic value of the rainstorm flood, and analyzing the influence of the flood evolution process on the life of farmlands, industrial facilities, urban infrastructure, buildings and people. The model is calculated based on raster data, but generally, the monitoring data of a hydrological site or the calculation result of the hydrological model is runoff data of a drainage basin outlet section, and the model can be applied to a two-dimensional hydrodynamics model only through spatial discretization.
However, at present, there is no mature space discretization method, and the runoff is evenly distributed to the drainage basin in a common way, which has the disadvantage that the space heterogeneity of the drainage basin is not considered, that is, the land utilization type, soil characteristics, gradient, etc. of each grid are different, which directly causes a large error in the space calculation result and causes poor calculation stability.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical drawbacks mentioned.
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a surface runoff basin space discretization method based on a land utilization type.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a surface runoff basin space discretization method based on a land utilization type, including the following steps:
step 1, acquiring a surface runoff process of a drainage basin outlet section and grid data of land utilization through hydrological site monitoring data or hydrological model calculation;
step 3, determining the distribution proportion of different grid runoff quantities according to the weight;
and 4, discretizing the one-dimensional data into two-dimensional raster data according to the distribution proportion.
Further, in step S3, the distribution ratio of the different grid radial flows is determined by using the following formula, and the distribution ratio of all grids in the flow field is calculated according to the weight assigned to the grid:
wherein, WFi，jA weight representing a land use type of the grid (i, j); i.e. iJ represents the serial numbers of the grids in the x and y directions respectively; m and n are the total number of the grids in the x and y directions of the two-dimensional grid; pr (Pr) ofi，jThe distribution proportion of the radial flow of different grids.
Further, in the step S4, the one-dimensional data is discretized into the two-dimensional raster data by the following equation:
rmi，j＝Pri，j*r1D，
wherein rm isi，jTwo-dimensional raster data representing radial flow; r is1DThe method is one-dimensional data of the surface runoff of the cross section of the outlet of the drainage basin.
Further, in the step S2, the land use types of the different grids include: woodland, sparsely-mined land, shrub forest, grassland, cultivated land, bare land, water area, and construction land.
According to the land surface runoff basin space discretization method based on the land utilization type, the land surface runoff process data of the outlet section of the basin are obtained; performing spatial discretization calculation based on the weights of different grid land utilization types; a land use type weight table obtained through experience and experiment is provided. The method determines the discretization distribution proportion from the one-dimensional surface runoff data to the two-dimensional grid data based on the weights of different land utilization types, and fully considers the influence of the spatial heterogeneity of the drainage basin on the discretization of the runoff space; the calculation stability of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is improved, the problem of calculation errors caused by average distribution in the traditional method is solved, and the calculation process is simple, easy to operate and easy to popularize.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a flow chart of a surface runoff basin spatial discretization method based on land use type according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating comparison and verification of a simulated flow sequence and an actual flow sequence of an outlet cross section according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The invention provides a land use type-based surface runoff basin space discretization method, which solves the problem of spatial heterogeneity faced when the hydrological data space is discretized.
As shown in fig. 1, the surface runoff watershed space discretization method based on the land utilization type of the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1, data preparation: acquiring the surface runoff process (runoff amount: r) of the outlet section of the drainage basin through hydrological site monitoring data or hydrological model calculation1DThe unit: rice) and land use. Namely, the surface runoff process of the drainage basin outlet section can be a result obtained by calculation of a mathematical model and can also be data of a monitoring station.
Land use types for different grids, including: woodland, sparsely-mined land, shrub forest, grassland, cultivated land, bare land, water area, and construction land. The different grid weights are obtained from a table look-up 1 of land use types for the grid, which is based on application experience and physical experiments.
TABLE 1
Step 3, according to the Weight (WF)i，j) Determining distribution proportions (Pr) of different grid radial flowsi，j)。
Determining the distribution proportion of different grid radial flows by adopting the following formula, and calculating the distribution proportion of all grids in the watershed according to the weight distributed by the grids:
wherein, WFi，jA weight representing a land use type of the grid (i, j); i and j respectively represent the serial numbers of the grids in the x and y directions; m and n are the total number of the grids in the x and y directions of the two-dimensional grid; pr (Pr) ofi，jThe distribution proportion of the radial flow of different grids.
Discretizing the one-dimensional data into two-dimensional raster data using the following equation:
rmi，j＝Pri，j*r1D， (2)
wherein rm isi，jTwo-dimensional raster data representing radial flow; r is1DThe method is one-dimensional data of the surface runoff of the cross section of the outlet of the drainage basin.
According to the land surface runoff basin space discretization method based on the land utilization type, the land surface runoff process data of the outlet section of the basin are obtained; performing spatial discretization calculation based on the weights of different grid land utilization types; a land use type weight table obtained through experience and experiment is provided. The method determines the discretization distribution proportion from the one-dimensional surface runoff data to the two-dimensional grid data based on the weights of different land utilization types, and fully considers the influence of the spatial heterogeneity of the drainage basin on the discretization of the runoff space; the method improves the calculation stability of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, reduces the problem of calculation errors caused by average distribution in the traditional method, and has the advantages of simple calculation process, good operation and easy popularization.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their full range of equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. A surface runoff basin space discretization method based on land utilization types is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, acquiring a surface runoff process of a drainage basin outlet section and grid data of land utilization through hydrological site monitoring data or hydrological model calculation;
step 2, determining the weight according to the land use types of different grids;
step 3, determining the distribution proportion of different grid runoff quantities according to the weight; the distribution proportion of different grid radial flows is determined by adopting the following formula, and the distribution proportion of all grids in the watershed is calculated according to the weight distributed by the grids:
wherein, WFi,jA weight representing a land use type of the grid (i, j); i and j respectively represent the serial numbers of the grids in the x and y directions; m and n are the total number of the grids in the x and y directions of the two-dimensional grid; pr (Pr) ofi,jThe distribution proportion of the radial flow of different grids is calculated;
step 4, discretizing the one-dimensional data into two-dimensional raster data according to the distribution proportion; wherein, the one-dimensional data is discretized into two-dimensional raster data by the following formula:
rmi,j＝Pri,j*r1D，
wherein rm isi,jTwo-dimensional raster data representing radial flow; r is1DThe method is one-dimensional data of the surface runoff of the cross section of the outlet of the drainage basin.
2. The land use type-based surface runoff watershed space discretization method of claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the land use types of the different grids comprise: woodland, sparsely-mined land, shrub forest, grassland, cultivated land, bare land, water area, and construction land.
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