CN109189684A - Automatic interface testing method based on Python - Google Patents
Automatic interface testing method based on Python Download PDFInfo
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- CN109189684A CN109189684A CN201810987431.XA CN201810987431A CN109189684A CN 109189684 A CN109189684 A CN 109189684A CN 201810987431 A CN201810987431 A CN 201810987431A CN 109189684 A CN109189684 A CN 109189684A
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/36—Preventing errors by testing or debugging software
- G06F11/3668—Software testing
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- G06F11/3684—Test management for test design, e.g. generating new test cases
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/36—Preventing errors by testing or debugging software
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of automatic interface testing method based on Python, include the steps that defining interface template and test case template, read test use-case, calling interface send request, parsing interface returned packet, output test report.Automatic interface testing method based on Python of the invention follows the basic principle of test frame, service logic is separated with test script, test script is separated with test data, can be changed according to demand at any time, can requirement of the larger attenuating to tester's code levels.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automatization testing technique fields, in particular to based on the automatic interface testing method of Python.
Background technique
Interface testing is a kind of test of test system components interface, mainly for detection of between external system and system
And the interaction point between internal each subsystem.The emphasis of test is the exchange of data to be checked, transmitting and control management process,
And mutual logic dependencies between system etc..Most of current interface be all using http agreement, test base
Present principles are simulant-clients to server transmission data, corresponding response data are obtained, to judge whether interface can be just
Normal carry out data exchange.
Manual test interface is also a kind of mode of test, and manual test interface is for every test case, every time
Need to modify interface parameters, the desired value for also needing to go to compare this use-case in turn after calling interface judges that interface return value is
It is no consistent with desired value, unanimously then pass through, it is inconsistent also to need to find out reason, developer is fed back to, it is facilitated to make correspondence
Modification, this inherently many and diverse work, especially when test case reaches certain amount grade, workload is even more at double
Increase, and testing efficiency is low, and quality can not be completely secured.How test effect is improved under the premise of guaranteeing to test quality
Rate reduces tester's workload, liberates the problem of labour is at interface testing urgent need to resolve.
There are many tool for doing interface automatic test on the market now, such as Postman, JMeter, Robot
Framework etc., a variety of different testing tools possess different characteristics.The tool of performance test is absorbed in as JMeter,
Interface testing is carried out, wastes one's talent on a petty job a little and test report can not be generated；Postman passes through JavaScript Script controlling,
It needs to have the details of front end page certain understand and grasp；Robot Framework is used as Open-Source Tools, bottom
Python exploitation, possesses powerful library function to support various test scenes, for other interface testing tools,
Robot Framework is more flexible, and scalability is also stronger, but simultaneously to programming language, especially python language, with
And code ability also has certain requirement.
Although the selection of interface testing tool is abundant, and can satisfy simple interface testing requirement substantially, none
What tool can fit like a glove goes to be suitable for each project, because different projects has different data processing and service logic
The mode of processing, and need to be familiar with operating process using tool, various necessary configurations are completed, it is inflexible.So needing
The more flexible interface testing framework of one kind oneself is developed to adapt to disparity items environment.
Summary of the invention
It is insufficient in above-mentioned background technique the purpose of the present invention is overcoming, the interface automatic test side based on Python is provided
Method, it then follows the basic principle of test frame separates service logic with test script, and test script is separated with test data, can
It, can requirement of the larger attenuating to tester's code levels to change according to demand at any time.
In order to reach above-mentioned technical effect, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
Automatic interface testing method based on Python, comprising the following steps:
A. test script is write using Python, writes test case in operation layer, test case is used into csv file lattice
Formula storage；
The information read is saved as the dictionary format of key-value pair by B. read test use-case and interface message；
C. different request functions, calling interface and returning response message are called according to the requesting method for being tested interface；
D. JSON response message is parsed, setting is asserted, useful return field is extracted；
E. the test report of csv file format is exported；
It is of the invention based on the automatic interface testing method of Python from csv file read test use-case, from Excel
Interface message is read in file, the interface input data of reading is spliced in interface parameters, calling interface, and parsing interface returns
JSON data, extract useful field, compared with the expectation return value of test case, to realize interface automatic test；
In the automatic interface testing method of the invention based on Python, give up Robot Framework test work
Tool, directlys adopt Python and writes test script, so that size of code greatly reduces, while using csv file access test use-case
Mode effectively increase the reading speed of program, fundamentally solve the problems, such as that testing efficiency is low, and finally to make by oneself
A concise test report of right way of conduct formula output alleviates tester so that test result and defect location are very clear
Therefore the work load of member can effectively reduce the execution time of use-case, while by means of the present invention with csv file lattice
Formula exports test report, can effectively improve testing efficiency and developer positions the efficiency of defect.
Further, the step A specifically:
A1. test case compiling form is defined, is write by column, the format of defining interface information；
A2. test script is write using Python, writes test case in operation layer；
A3. test case is stored using csv file format, with Excel file format memory interface information.
Further, the test case compiling form are as follows: first row is use-case number, and second is classified as use-case content, the
Three are classified as the desired return value field of use-case, and the 4th is classified as the corresponding field value of the return value field.
Further, the interface message includes at least IP, domain name, the port information, request class of test interface server
Type.
Further, the step B specifically:
B1. the function for encapsulating a Tentative Study of Achievement of Manipulation on Excel file is used for read test interface message；
B2. the function of an operation csv file is filled for read test use-case information；
B3. the function of customized operation csv file format and the function of Excel file format are called, reads survey respectively
Example on probation and test interface；
B4. the interface message of reading and test case information are stored in dictionary in a manner of key-value pair, record dictionary
Length carries out circulation reading.
Further, the step C is specifically included:
C1. judge the information of the interface server read；
C2. by the test data filling interface parameters dictionary of reading, complete interface parameters information is formed；
C3. corresponding request function is called according to the requesting method for being tested interface and returns to corresponding response message.
Further, the step D is specifically used is stored in dictionary simultaneously basis for JSON message in the form of key-value pair
Key name goes to match desired return value field name.
Further, test used time, test case total number, test result, failure are included at least in the test report
Test case item number, interface returned packet and Failure Causes Analysis.
Compared with prior art, the present invention have it is below the utility model has the advantages that
Automatic interface testing method based on Python of the invention, the JSON data mainly returned according to interface will
Nested JSON layering, the useful return value information of each layer is stored in a list, for the return value of different levels, respectively with
All desired values compare, avoid during this go to execute individually for each use-case once assert it is many and diverse but same
When also cover the every case asserted, and test data is stored using csv file, can effectively improve reading
Speed is taken, this mode not only considerably reduces size of code, but also greatly improves testing efficiency, and it is very succinct efficient,
It can effectively reduce the execution time of use-case by means of the present invention, while test report is exported with csv file format, it can be with
It effectively improves testing efficiency and developer positions the efficiency of defect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the test flow chart using automated test frame tool Robot Framework.
Fig. 2 is the test flow chart of the automatic interface testing method of the invention based on Python.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to the embodiment of the present invention, the invention will be further elaborated.
Embodiment:
It is the automated test tool Robot Framework progress interface testing of current relatively mainstream as shown in Figure 1
The characteristics of test flow chart, the tool is that have library very rich using simple, can write test case as programming, also
Support that development system keyword, its framework are the automatic tests of a general Acceptance Test and Acceptance Test driving exploitation
There is frame (ATDD) wieldy table to come tested tissue process and test data.
Its automatic testing process are as follows: first save test case, interface IP address and expectation return value in the form of constant
Get up because these three data must be to maintain in entire test process it is constant.Then development system is supported to close using it
The characteristic of key word, a customized interface keyword, the keyword that is to say a method or function, including building interface ginseng
Number, calling interface obtain interface return value, convert four steps of JSON character string for interface return value.
When constructing parameter, due to test case and a part of parameter, so needing exist for a test case
It is defined as a variable.The benefit of self defining keywords is exactly reduced code, improves reusability, if interface has variation, is only needed
Modify interface constant.
It next is exactly to write test case, using test case as input data, calling interface keyword is returned from interface
The field for needing to compare is extracted in value, is compared with predefined expectation return value, is passed through if consistent, otherwise use-case
Failure.
Use-case execution terminates, and Robot Framework can generate the report of a html format, clicks report link, can
With check use-case each step operation as a result, to position failure cause.
It is found by practice, realizes that interface automatic test size of code is too big using Robot Framework, once which
Test case, which changes, or desired value changes test case to go to modify in turn, and workload is still huge, difficult in maintenance；
And use-case runing time is too long, although being significantly improved compared to manual test efficiency, but still ideal effect is not achieved.
In addition each test case has a corresponding html test report, but if the test case quantity of failure
It is more, check that test report is also a biggish workload, because can only find out that code is walked inside existing test report
Which is walked out of mistake to, but wanting the exact basic reason for finding mistake is which field is mismatched with desired value on earth,
Also need to check the JSON message that this use-case returns, to further increase workload.
From the foregoing, it will be observed that current interface test method is primarily present following problems: script amount is too big, difficult in maintenance；Script
Long operational time, low efficiency；Test report information content is too big, bug location difficulty.
In view of the above technical problems, the invention discloses a kind of automatic interface testing method based on Python, such as Fig. 2
It is shown, specifically includes the following steps:
A. test script is write using Python, writes test case in operation layer, test case is used into csv file lattice
Formula storage；
A1. test case compiling form is defined, is write by column, the format of defining interface information；
A2. test script is write using Python, writes test case in operation layer；
A3. test case is stored using csv file format, with Excel file format memory interface information.
Since test case using interface IP address and parameter are stored in Excel file and is stored in CSV text by the present invention
Mode in part, so the specific format of both good data files of necessary predefined, the module are suitable in entire frame
In a data source.It can be by configuration file interface.xls, to IP, domain name, the port letter for wanting test interface server
Breath, request type (GET, POST) and interface parameters carry out flexible configuration, that is, interface model；The test case template of definition
The use-case mode that can need to run by testcase.CSV configuration file flexible configuration, the use-case ID list for needing to run are used
The desired return value field name of example and its field value.
The information read is saved as the dictionary format of key-value pair by B. read test use-case and interface message；
B1. the function for encapsulating a Tentative Study of Achievement of Manipulation on Excel file is used for read test interface message；
B2. the function of an operation csv file is filled for read test use-case information；
B3. the function of customized operation csv file format and the function of Excel file format are called, reads survey respectively
Example on probation and test interface；
B4. the interface message of reading and test case information are stored in dictionary in a manner of key-value pair, record dictionary
Length carries out circulation reading.
The function Excel.py of a Tentative Study of Achievement of Manipulation on Excel file can be encapsulated in specific implementation, believed for read test interface
Breath encapsulates the function CSV.py of an operation csv file, is used for read test use-case information, the two functions may be implemented pair
The read-write operation of any Excel file and csv file, the value including reading and writing certain row, certain column, some cell.It will read
The interface message and test case information taken is stored in dictionary in a manner of key-value pair, is recorded dictionary length, is carried out circulation reading
It takes.
C. different request functions, calling interface and returning response message are called according to the requesting method for being tested interface；
C1. judge the information of the interface server read；
C2. by the test data filling interface parameters dictionary of reading, complete interface parameters information is formed；
C3 calls corresponding request function according to the requesting method of tested interface and returns to corresponding response message.
Specially to the POST of common HTTP, GET request method is packaged, and supports spread also to increase it
Its method.The module first has to the information for the interface server that judgement is read, and needs to make for different request type judgements
With any requesting method, since test data is as the input data of interface and a part of interface parameters, so also needing
By in the test data filling interface parameters dictionary of reading, complete interface parameters information is formed, corresponding ask then is called
Method is sought, corresponding response message is returned.
D. JSON response message is parsed, setting is asserted, useful return field is extracted, and is specifically used JSON message with key
The form of value pair is stored in dictionary and is gone to match desired return value field name according to key name；
Method of the invention supports JSON format, JSON (JavaScript Object Notation, JS object tag)
It is a kind of data interchange format of lightweight, data is stored and indicated using the text formatting for being totally independent of programming language,
It has succinctly with clearly hierarchical structure, is easy to people and reads and write, while being also easy to machine parsing and generating, and can effectively mention
Network transmission efficiency is risen, is a kind of ideal data interchange language.
And the JSON data of the format containing nested object are inevitably had in the response message returned, such as
{“orderTotalPrice”:95,”goods”:[{“shopId”:987654354,”goodsId”:108,”
GoodsNumber ": 1 }] }, JSON message can be stored in dictionary in the form of key-value pair at this time, goes to match according to key name
Desired return value field name, if it does, following five kinds of situations may be left here:
The first: expectation return value is sky, and practical return value is also sky, then test passes through；
Second: expectation return value is sky, and practical return value non-empty, specification interface returns the field that return
Value, test do not pass through；
The third: expectation return value non-empty, practical return value are sky, and specification interface does not return to the field that return
Value, test do not pass through；
4th kind: expectation return value non-empty, practical return value also non-empty and are equal to desired value, and test passes through；
5th kind: expectation return value non-empty, practical return value also non-empty but be not equal to desired value, specification interface to this with
Example cannot be parsed correctly, cause to respond mistake, test does not pass through.
E. the test report of csv file format is exported.
The interface packets that previous step parses equally are output in test report with csv file format, report includes surveying
When on probation, test case total number, test result, the test case item number of failure, interface returned packet and Failure Causes Analysis,
So far, whole flow process is completed.
Its design principle is as follows:
Firstly, giving up Robot Framework testing tool in the present invention, directlys adopt Python and writes test script,
Size of code greatly reduces.
Using Robot Framework, why size of code is huge, is primarily due to script edit and to follow its frame to make
With rule, the corresponding testcase of every use-case, when test case number reaches certain amount grade, size of code is also doubled and redoubled；
And test case and interface desired value are needed from duplication is added in constant file that (this sentences instant manually in Excel file
Represent constant file), the preparation time-consuming of early period is very long.Although Robot Framework frame bottom is also by Python
It supports, directly writes script with Python, code logic is no difference, but to be simplified much from size of code, because directly
The a series of rules and regulations of frame need not be considered using Python and using rule, need to only pay close attention to code logic and realization side by connecing
Formula, and later maintenance is simple.
Secondly, compare by analysis obtain the too long reason of Robot Framework test script runing time be not because
Big for size of code, basic reason is each read test use-case of program and interface parameters and return parameters desired value time-consuming mistake
It is long, cause entire testing efficiency low.
In the automatic interface testing method of the invention based on Python, is stored and tested using csv file format
Use-case, with Excel file format memory interface information；Test case compiling form is defined first, is write by column, and first row is
Use-case number, second is classified as use-case content, behind be successively the desired return value field of use-case and its corresponding field value；Secondly
The format for defining interface message, including want the IP of test interface server, domain name, port information, request type (GET,
POST) etc., the function of the customized operation csv file format and Excel file format of routine call, read test use-case and survey
It tries mouth, is deposited in dictionary in a manner of key-value pair, record dictionary length simultaneously recycles reading；And use csv file access test
The mode of use-case substantially increases the reading speed of program, to fundamentally solve the problems, such as that testing efficiency is low.
The problem of finally, for test report, although Robot Framework does interface testing and can automatically generate html shape
The test report of formula, and in the test report, for each use-case, we can see that the execution knot of each step of test script
Fruit, more like the breakpoint of program setting.But test case thousands of, therefore thousands of parts of test report can be derived, this will
The workload of tester is greatly aggravated, in order to reduce the time of positioning defect, the interface of the invention based on Python is certainly
Customized test report format is used in dynamicization test method, after the completion of a test process, program export automatically it is a completely
Detailed test report, this report include testing the used time, test case total number, test result, the test case item number of failure,
Interface returned packet and Failure Causes Analysis, this is obtained by parsing interface returned packet as a result, and report is also with CSV
File format output, it is concise to export a test report in method of the invention in a manner of customized, test result and
Defect location is very clear, alleviates the work load of tester, also improves the effect that tester links up with developer
Rate.
It is understood that the principle that embodiment of above is intended to be merely illustrative of the present and the exemplary implementation that uses
Mode, however the present invention is not limited thereto.For those skilled in the art, essence of the invention is not being departed from
In the case where mind and essence, various changes and modifications can be made therein, these variations and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the automatic interface testing method based on Python, which comprises the following steps:
A. test script is write using Python, writes test case in operation layer, test case is deposited using csv file format
Storage；
The information read is saved as the dictionary format of key-value pair by B. read test use-case and interface message；
C. different request functions, calling interface and returning response message are called according to the requesting method for being tested interface；
D. JSON response message is parsed, setting is asserted, useful return field is extracted；
E. the test report of csv file format is exported.
2. the automatic interface testing method according to claim 1 based on Python, which is characterized in that the step A
Specifically:
A1. test case compiling form is defined, is write by column, the format of defining interface information；
A2. test script is write using Python, writes test case in operation layer；
A3. test case is stored using csv file format, with Excel file format memory interface information.
3. the automatic interface testing method according to claim 2 based on Python, which is characterized in that the test is used
Example compiling form are as follows: first row is use-case number, and second is classified as use-case content, and third is classified as the desired return value field of use-case,
4th is classified as the corresponding field value of the return value field.
4. the automatic interface testing method according to claim 2 based on Python, which is characterized in that the interface letter
Breath includes at least IP, domain name, port information, the request type of test interface server.
5. the automatic interface testing method according to claim 1 based on Python, which is characterized in that the step B
Specifically:
B1. the function for encapsulating a Tentative Study of Achievement of Manipulation on Excel file is used for read test interface message；
B2. the function of an operation csv file is filled for read test use-case information；
B3. the function of customized operation csv file format and the function of Excel file format are called, read test is used respectively
Example and test interface；
B4. the interface message of reading and test case information are stored in dictionary in a manner of key-value pair, record dictionary length,
Carry out circulation reading.
6. the automatic interface testing method according to claim 1 based on Python, which is characterized in that the step C
It specifically includes:
C1. judge the information of the interface server read；
C2. by the test data filling interface parameters dictionary of reading, complete interface parameters information is formed；
C3. corresponding request function is called according to the requesting method for being tested interface and returns to corresponding response message.
7. the automatic interface testing method according to claim 1 based on Python, which is characterized in that the step D
It specifically uses and JSON message is stored in dictionary in the form of key-value pair and is gone to match desired return value field according to key name
Name.
8. according to claim 1 to any automatic interface testing method based on Python in 7, which is characterized in that
Following data is included at least in the test report: the test of test used time, test case total number, test result, failure are used
Example item number, interface returned packet and Failure Causes Analysis.
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