CN109187954A - 一种检测人类htlv病毒(1+2)型抗体的试剂盒 - Google Patents

一种检测人类htlv病毒(1+2)型抗体的试剂盒 Download PDF

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CN109187954A
CN109187954A CN201811275366.4A CN201811275366A CN109187954A CN 109187954 A CN109187954 A CN 109187954A CN 201811275366 A CN201811275366 A CN 201811275366A CN 109187954 A CN109187954 A CN 109187954A
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吴文娟
王新明
孙冯博
刘功成
付光宇
吴学炜
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Autobio Diagnostics Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种检测人类HTLV病毒(1+2)型抗体的试剂盒,包括磁微粒包被混悬液,酶结合物工作液和样本稀释液;所述包被抗原为HTLV(1+2)融合抗原;所述酶结合物为以辣根过氧化物酶标记的HTLV(1+2)融合抗原。本发明试剂盒采用磁微粒作为固相载体,具有较大的比表面积,能够增大免疫反应发生面积,提高反应的灵敏度;磁微粒球形和均一的表面减少了化学性粘附和非特异性结合,提高了特异性酶促化学发光系统,实现对反应信号的有效放大。本发明试剂盒特异性好,使抗原和抗体都达到了很高的检出灵敏度,实现了全自动测定。本发明试剂盒可配合全自动化学发光仪使用,降低了人为操作对测试结果的影响,使检测结果更可靠、准确、快速,更具有可重复性。

Description

一种检测人类HTLV病毒(1+2)型抗体的试剂盒
技术领域
本发明涉及磁微粒检测技术,尤其是涉及一种利用磁微粒技术检测人类HTLV病毒(1+2)型抗体的试剂盒。
背景技术
人类T淋巴细胞白血病病毒(human T-lymphotropic virus,HTLV)是最早发现的人类逆转录病毒,主要包括四种亚型,其中HTLV-1和HTLV-2二者的基因水平70%同源。输血传播HTLV-1/2主要引起HTLV-1/2相关脊髓病、热带痉挛性下肢轻瘫(TSP)和脊髓病( HAM)。感染一般无任何症状,且存在亲密接触者传播;输血感染HTLV-1潜伏期较短,可在输注被感染的血液后1个月~4个月发病,而自然感染者通常在数年甚至数十年发病。
为确保血液安全,预防HTLV-1/2经输血传播, 日本于1986 年开始对献血者增加HTLV-1/2的常规检测,美国于1988 年开始对献血者增加HTLV-1/2的检测,韩国则于2009年4月起全面实行献血者的HTLV- 1筛查。目前国际上已有日本、美国、加拿大、法国、巴西、韩国和我国的香港、台湾等国家和地区将HTLV-1/2列入献血者常规筛查项目。近年来,有关HTLV-1/2所致疾病及各地区献血者的HTLV-1/2感染情况越来越受到学者的关注,各地区也对当地献血者的HTLV-1/2感染情况做了不少研究。目前美国估计输血传播HTLV-1的风险为1/64.1万,法国为1/600万,加拿大为1/430万。
HTLV- 1基因高度保守,不同分离株之间的同源性在91%~100%,主要包括4种基因型 HTLV- 1A( Cosmopolitan)、-1B( Central African)、-1C( Melanesian)及-1D(Pygmies) ; HTLV- 1A又含3个主要亚群:世界人种亚群(Transcontinental)、西非人种亚群(West African)和日本人种亚群(Japanese)。已有的HTLV-1分型方法大都基于LTR、gp21或部分gp46 基因,Capdepont等利用94株env(gp46+gp21)全长序列所做的同源性分析发现,通过对env全长序列的同源性比对进行HTLV- 1基因分型,比用LTR的序列要更细致准确,而gp46区域集中了env基因全长差异位点中的65. 9%。
现有检测该病毒的方法主要有:
1、HTLV核酸的检测:核酸的检出是HTLV 感染最直接证据,通过PCR 和核酸杂交的方法进行。PCR 主要用于检测标本中整合的病毒基因序列,如病毒基因两端的长末端重复序列(LTR)、外膜蛋白(env)、gag、pol 和tax 序列等,设计不同的引物和探针可对HTLV-Ⅰ/Ⅱ不同亚型进行鉴定,HTLV感染后病毒基因在细胞内的整合形式决定了PCR 引物的选择, 一般采用两种不同的基因引物, 其中应包括LTR 和/或env。PCR 灵敏度和特异性都较高,常用于其它HTLV-Ⅰ/Ⅱ检测方法的评价,但PCR 的操作复杂、成本高,且容易污染出现假阳性,不适于常规使用。因此目前多用于HTLV 感染的确证试验,而不适于作为筛检试剂。另外,由于HTLV 感染者极少出现病毒血症,因此PCR 不能用于库存血清的检测。
2、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和明胶颗粒凝集法(PA):这是HTLV-Ⅰ/Ⅱ抗体检测的初筛试验,采用最多的抗原是gp46、p2le、p24 和p40tax,该方法敏感性高,但特异性较低,适用于大规模的初筛鉴定。这种方法相对于PCR操作相对简单一些,成本较低。
3、间接免疫荧光法(IFA)、蛋白印迹试验(WB)、放射免疫沉淀试验(RIPA)均可用于HTLV-Ⅰ/Ⅱ感染的确证,尤以WB 最常用。WB 检测主要是通过转印技术将病毒标准株的特异性蛋白电泳带转移到特定载体上,再与待检者血清进行反应,从而达到检测血清中HTLV 特异性抗体的目的。WHO规定的WB 阳性判定标准是p24、p19、pr53 中的一条带或几条带和gp21、gp46、gp68 中的一条带或几条带。这几种方法操作复杂,不适合常规使用,一般用于确证实验。
我国自1985年来开展过几次HTLV流行调查,感染率为0.06%-1.27%,流行区域主要分布于东南福建沿海地区。HTLV-1与成人T细胞性白血病(ATL)和HTLV-1相关脊髓病或热带痉挛截瘫(HAM/TSP)直接相关,HTLV-2也被认为与白血病的发生有关。为解决我国HTLV研究中规模化检测试剂缺乏问题,发明一种利用磁微粒技术检测人类HTLV病毒I型和II型抗体的试剂盒就显得非常必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于利用磁微粒技术提供一种检测人类HTLV病毒(1+2)型抗体的试剂盒,该试剂盒可用于HTLV病毒感染的辅助诊断,也可用于高危人群的筛选和风险评估,以及血源筛查过程中对HTLV(1+2)抗体的筛查。
为实现上述目的,本发明可采取下述技术方案:
本发明所述的一种检测人类HTLV病毒(1+2)型抗体的试剂盒,包括磁微粒包被混悬液,酶结合物工作液和样本稀释液;所述包被抗原为HTLV(1+2)融合抗原;所述酶结合物为以辣根过氧化物酶标记的HTLV(1+2)融合抗原。
将特异性抗原通过共价偶联的方式连接到磁珠上的过程称为磁微粒包被;制备得到的磁微粒抗原的结合物称为磁微粒包被物。
包被的基本原理为:抗原或抗体表面的氨基或竣基或疏基与磁珠表面的化学基团,在化学交联剂的作用下发生化学反应,形成抗原或者抗体一磁微粒的共价结合物,该共价结合物经过洗涤和封闭,去除未反应的抗原或抗体以及封闭非特异性结合的位点,最终制备成试剂盒所用的磁珠包被物。
本发明磁微粒包被混悬液的制备方法为:
第一步,将磁珠混匀悬浮,取1倍体积的羧基修饰的磁珠用70倍体积的缓冲液清洗后,置于磁铁上分离磁珠;
第二步,分离出的磁珠中加入溶解的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐溶液活化;
第三步,第二步活化后的磁珠加入pH5.5的酸性溶液和1倍体积的HTLV(1+2)融合抗原进行孵育;
第四步,分离第三步得到的磁珠,用乙醇胺封闭磁珠上羧基集团的活性;
第五步,分离第四步得到的磁珠,用含有保护蛋白的缓冲液悬浮,得到磁微粒包被混悬液备用。
所述酶标记物是将HTLV(1+2)融合抗原通过共价偶联的方式结合到辣根过氧化物酶上。
本发明试剂盒采用磁微粒作为固相载体,具有较大的比表面积,能够增大免疫反应发生面积,提高反应的灵敏度;磁微粒球形和均一的表面减少了化学性粘附和非特异性结合,提高了特异性酶促化学发光系统,能够实现对反应信号的有效放大。因此,本发明试剂盒不仅特异性好,而且使抗原和抗体都达到了很高的检出灵敏度,实现了全自动测定。相较于传统酶联免疫法人工操作步骤多,过程复杂,自动化程度低,耗时长,容易在各个环节引入污染,造成结果的准确性和可靠性不高的问题,本发明试剂盒可以配合全自动化学发光仪A2000 Plus使用,降低了人为操作对测试结果的影响,使检测结果更可靠,更准确,更快速,更具有可重复性。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明方法做更加详细的说明,以便于本领域技术人员的理解。如无特殊说明,本实施例中所用的试剂和仪器为本领域常规使用的市售产品,采用的试验方法也为本领域的常规方法。
实施例1 制备检测人类HTLV病毒(1+2)型抗体的试剂盒
1、制备磁微粒包被混悬液
第一步,将磁珠混匀悬浮,取1倍体积的羧基修饰的磁珠用70倍体积的缓冲液(0.02mol/L的PBS缓冲液)清洗后,置于磁铁上分离磁珠;
第二步,分离出的磁珠中加入溶解的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐溶液活化;
第三步,第二步活化后的磁珠加入pH5.5的冰乙酸溶液和1倍体积的HTLV(1+2)融合抗原进行常温孵育;
第四步,分离第三步得到的磁珠,用乙醇胺封闭磁珠上羧基集团的活性;
第五步,分离第四步得到的磁珠,用含有10%小牛血清的0.02mol/L的PBS缓冲液悬浮,得到磁微粒包被混悬液成品。
2、制备酶结合物工作液
配制含适当浓度的离子表面活性剂以及牛血清白蛋白,pH 7.4的Tris-NaCl缓冲液,制备成一定浓度的工作溶液,同过调整酶结合物浓度,使其达到预期的检测灵敏度。
3、制备样本稀释液
配制含适当浓度的离子表面活性剂以及牛血清白蛋白,pH 7.4的Tris-NaCl缓冲液,配制成样本稀释液。
4、发光底物A液:0.1mol/L、pH7.0的PBS溶液配制过氧化脲溶液;
发光底物B液:鲁米诺。
实施例2 实施例1制备的试剂盒的检测方法
1、样本:HTLV国家参考品;
2、建立反应体系:磁微粒包被混悬液20μl,酶结合物工作液100μl,样本稀释液30μl;发光底物A液50μl,发光底物A液50μl。
3、检测方法:
取样本100μl+磁微粒包被混悬液20μl+样本稀释液30μl,37℃反应15min,洗涤,加入酶结合物100μl,37℃反应15min,洗涤,加入发光底物液A和B各50μl于37℃反应1-5min检测发光值。
实施例3 实施例1制备的试剂盒的性能测试
采用HTLV抗体国家参考品进行性能测试。
国家参考品要求:阴性参考品符合率:不得出现阳性反应,阴性符合率(-/-)应为16/16;HTLV-1型阳性参考品符合率:应全部为阳性反应,HTLV-1型阳性符合率(+/+)应为8/8;HTLV-2型阳性参考品符合率:应全部为阳性反应,HTLV-2型阳性符合率(+/+)应为2/2;最低检出限参考品:阳性反应不得少于3份(≥3/6)且基质血清(S1)为阴性反应; 精密性参考品:平行检测10次,变异系数(CV值)应≤15%。可满足国家盘要求。

Claims (3)

1.一种检测人类HTLV病毒(1+2)型抗体的试剂盒,其特征在于:包括磁微粒包被混悬液,酶结合物工作液和样本稀释液;所述包被抗原为HTLV(1+2)融合抗原;所述酶结合物为以辣根过氧化物酶标记的HTLV(1+2)融合抗原。
2.根据权利要求1所述的检测人类HTLV病毒(1+2)型抗体的试剂盒,其特征在于:所述磁微粒包被混悬液的制备方法为:
第一步,将磁珠混匀悬浮,取1倍体积的羧基修饰的磁珠用70倍体积的缓冲液清洗后,置于磁铁上分离磁珠;
第二步,分离出的磁珠中加入溶解的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐溶液活化;
第三步,第二步活化后的磁珠加入pH5.5的酸性溶液和1倍体积的HTLV(1+2)融合抗原进行孵育;
第四步,分离第三步得到的磁珠,用乙醇胺封闭磁珠上羧基集团的活性;
第五步,分离第四步得到的磁珠,用含有保护蛋白的缓冲液悬浮,得到磁微粒包被混悬液备用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的检测人类HTLV病毒(1+2)型抗体的试剂盒,其特征在于:所述酶标记物是将HTLV(1+2)融合抗原通过共价偶联的方式结合到辣根过氧化物酶上。
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