CN109187193A - The test method and device of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment - Google Patents
The test method and device of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN109187193A CN109187193A CN201811213635.4A CN201811213635A CN109187193A CN 109187193 A CN109187193 A CN 109187193A CN 201811213635 A CN201811213635 A CN 201811213635A CN 109187193 A CN109187193 A CN 109187193A
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 282
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007656 fracture toughness test Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0236—Other environments
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides the test method and device of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under a kind of liquid nitrogen environment, and this method comprises the following steps: rock sample is put into band, and there are two in the container of the first roll shaft.Liquid nitrogen is poured slowly into container, until liquid nitrogen did not had rock sample.It keeps rock sample to rest on the predetermined time in liquid nitrogen, in the given time, needs constantly to add liquid nitrogen into container, to keep liquid nitrogen not have rock sample.The pressure head of testing machine is pushed down into rock sample, and adds appropriate liquid nitrogen into container, so that the pressure head front end of testing machine is immersed in liquid nitrogen.Control experiment machine loads rock sample, until rock sample is broken, obtains loading force.The fracture toughness of rock under liquid nitrogen environment is obtained according to pre-defined rule according to loading force.The test method and device of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment provided by the invention, can be realized rock sample and carry out fracture toughness test under liquid nitrogen environment completely, can be accurately obtained the fracture toughness of rock under liquid nitrogen environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fracture toughness test fields in rock mechanics parameters test, and rock is disconnected especially under liquid nitrogen environment
Split the test method and device of toughness.
Background technique
With the continuous development of China's oil and natural gas extraction technology, liquid nitrogen is applied to the pressure of oil/gas well more and more
It splits in construction, liquid nitrogen fracturing technique can effectively improve the recovery ratio of oil/gas well.In recent years, the rock mechanics under liquid nitrogen environment
Matter parameter experiment is gradually taken seriously, the fracture toughness for studying rock under liquid nitrogen environment be carry out one of liquid nitrogen FRACTURING DESIGN must
Want basis.
For example, the utility model patent ZL201721285064.6 of Dalian University of Technology's application, one kind is in liquid nitrogen cold shock
The experimental provision of lower rock rupture is acted on, which may be implemented the experiment of cryogenic liquid cold shock rock failure process；It can
To measure the variation and distribution of rock sample temperature under liquid nitrogen cooler environment.But the experimental provision cannot be guaranteed that rock is trying
It is immersed in liquid nitrogen environment completely during testing, and then cannot accurately obtain the fracture toughness of rock under liquid nitrogen environment.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides the test method and dress of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under a kind of liquid nitrogen environment
It sets, can be realized rock sample and carry out fracture toughness test under liquid nitrogen environment completely.
The specific technical solution of the present invention is:
The test method of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under a kind of liquid nitrogen environment, comprising the following steps:
Rock sample with preset slot is put into band, and there are two in the container of the first roll shaft；
It is poured slowly into liquid nitrogen into the container, until liquid nitrogen did not had the rock sample；
It keeps rock sample to rest on the predetermined time in liquid nitrogen, in the given time, constantly passes through tube body to the container
Middle addition liquid nitrogen, to keep liquid nitrogen not have rock sample；
The pressure head of testing machine is pushed down into the rock sample, and adds appropriate liquid nitrogen into the container, so that testing machine
Pressure head front end be immersed in liquid nitrogen；
Control experiment machine loads the rock sample, until the rock sample is broken, obtains the rock examination
The loading force of part fracture；
The fracture toughness of rock under liquid nitrogen environment is obtained according to pre-defined rule according to the loading force.
In one preferred embodiment, the pre-defined rule is that rock under liquid nitrogen environment is calculated according to following formula
The fracture toughness of stone:
Wherein, KICIt is expressed as the fracture toughness of rock, unit MPam0.5；Y' is expressed as critical stress intensity factors；
PmaxIt is expressed as loading force when rock sample fracture, unit N；π indicates pi；A is expressed as the preset slot of rock sample
Highly, unit mm；R is expressed as the radius of rock sample, unit mm；B is expressed as the thickness of rock sample, unit mm.
In one preferred embodiment, critical stress intensity factors Y' is calculated according to following formula:
Y'=-1.297+9.516 (S/R)-[0.47+16.457 (S/R)] α
+[1.071+34.401(S/R)]α2
Wherein, S is expressed as the half of distance between the first roll shaft center, unit mm；R is expressed as the half of rock sample
Diameter, unit mm；α is dimensionless group,
In one preferred embodiment, before the rock sample to be put into container of the band there are two the first roll shaft,
Need for temperature sensor and deformation-sensor to be pasted on the surface of the rock sample.
In one preferred embodiment, the predetermined time is 1 hour.
In one preferred embodiment, the rock sample is loaded in the control testing machine, until institute
During stating rock sample fracture, need constantly to add liquid nitrogen into the container, so that the rock sample impregnates always
In liquid nitrogen.
In one preferred embodiment, the pressure head of the container, first roll shaft and the testing machine is adopted
It is made of heat-insulating material.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of test methods of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under as above described in any item liquid nitrogen environments
The test device of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under the liquid nitrogen environment of use, the device include:
Container is used to contain liquid nitrogen, and there are two the first roll shafts for the bottom setting of the container；
Rock sample is placed on described two first roll shafts, and is immersed in the liquid nitrogen, the table of the rock sample
Face is pasted with temperature sensor and deformation-sensor；
Testing machine, with pressure head, the pressure head can compress the rock sample, and exert a force to the rock sample, directly
It is broken to the rock sample；
Lid, the cover cap on the container, and have spacing between the liquid nitrogen, offer on the lid
First through hole and the second through-hole, the first through hole can connect liquid nitrogen source by tube body, described tube body one end, and the other end protrudes into institute
The bottom of container is stated, to add liquid nitrogen into the container, second through-hole can be such that the pressure head passes through.
In one preferred embodiment, the opening diameter of the first through hole is greater than the diameter of the tube body, described
The opening section area of second through-hole is greater than the area of section of the pressure head.
In one preferred embodiment, the pressure head of the testing machine is resisted against the middle part of the rock sample.
In one preferred embodiment, the pressure head front end of the testing machine is immersed in the liquid nitrogen.
In one preferred embodiment, the section semicircular in shape of the rock sample, the bottom surface of the rock sample
Middle part offers the slot extended in the rock sample.
In one preferred embodiment, the slot runs through the thickness direction of the rock sample.
In one preferred embodiment, the shape of first roll shaft is cylinder, and is placed equidistant in the rock
The two sides of stone test specimen slot.
In one preferred embodiment, the temperature sensor is fibre optical sensor.
In one preferred embodiment, the front and back of the rock sample is arranged in the temperature sensor,
And it is symmetrically distributed in the two sides of the slot.
In one preferred embodiment, the deformation-sensor is chessboard grating sensor.
By above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:
The test method and device of Fracture Toughness of Rocks, it is complete to can be realized rock sample under liquid nitrogen environment provided by the invention
Fracture toughness test is carried out under liquid nitrogen environment entirely, joined temperature sensor and deformation-sensor during the test, it is enough real
When measure temperature and deformation under liquid nitrogen environment during test specimen fracture toughness test, rock under liquid nitrogen environment can be accurately obtained
Fracture toughness.
Referring to following description and accompanying drawings, specific implementations of the present application are disclosed in detail, specify the original of the application
Reason can be in a manner of adopted.It should be understood that presently filed embodiment is not so limited in range.In appended power
In the range of the spirit and terms that benefit requires, presently filed embodiment includes many changes, modifications and is equal.
The feature for describing and/or showing for a kind of embodiment can be in a manner of same or similar one or more
It uses in a other embodiment, is combined with the feature in other embodiment, or the feature in substitution other embodiment.
It should be emphasized that term "comprises/comprising" refers to the presence of feature, one integral piece, step or component when using herein, but simultaneously
It is not excluded for the presence or additional of one or more other features, one integral piece, step or component.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing described here is only used for task of explanation, and is not intended to limit model disclosed in the present application in any way
It encloses.In addition, shape and proportional sizes of each component in figure etc. are only schematical, it is used to help the understanding to the application, and
It is not the specific shape and proportional sizes for limiting each component of the application.Those skilled in the art, can under teachings of the present application
Implement the application to select various possible shapes and proportional sizes as the case may be.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 be the application embodiment liquid nitrogen environment under Fracture Toughness of Rocks test method flow chart；
Fig. 2 be the application embodiment liquid nitrogen environment under Fracture Toughness of Rocks test device structure chart；
Fig. 3 be the application embodiment liquid nitrogen environment under Fracture Toughness of Rocks test device lid structural representation
Figure；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the rock sample of the application embodiment；
Fig. 5 is the rock sample schematic diagram in A-A direction of the application embodiment.
The appended drawing reference of the figures above: 1, tube body；2, the liquid nitrogen in container；3, container；4, the first roll shaft；5, rock tries
Part；51, slot；6, deformation-sensor；7, temperature sensor；8, pressure head；81, pressure section；82, the second roll shaft；9, lid；91,
First through hole；92, the second through-hole.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the application embodiment, the technical solution in the application embodiment is carried out clear
Chu is fully described by, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the application, rather than whole realities
Apply mode.Based on the embodiment in the application, those of ordinary skill in the art institute without creative efforts
The every other embodiment obtained, shall fall in the protection scope of this application.
It should be noted that it can directly on the other element when element is referred to as " being set to " another element
Or there may also be elements placed in the middle.When an element is considered as " connection " another element, it, which can be, is directly connected to
To another element or it may be simultaneously present centering elements.Term as used herein " vertical ", " horizontal ", " left side ",
" right side " and similar statement for illustrative purposes only, are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein and the technical field for belonging to the application
The normally understood meaning of technical staff is identical.The term used in the description of the present application is intended merely to description tool herein
The purpose of the embodiment of body, it is not intended that in limitation the application.Term as used herein "and/or" includes one or more
Any and all combinations of relevant listed item.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of test method of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment, this method includes such as
Lower step:
S1: the rock sample 5 with preset slot 51 is put into band, and there are two in the container 3 of the first roll shaft 4.
S2: being poured slowly into liquid nitrogen into the container 3, until liquid nitrogen did not had the rock sample 5.
S3: rock sample 5 is kept to rest on the predetermined time in liquid nitrogen, in the given time, by tube body 1 constantly to described
Liquid nitrogen is added in container 3 to keep liquid nitrogen not have rock sample 5.
S4: pushing down the rock sample 5 for the pressure head 8 of testing machine, and is added in right amount into the container 3 by tube body 1
Liquid nitrogen, so that 8 front end of pressure head of testing machine is immersed in liquid nitrogen.
S5: controlling the testing machine and load to the rock sample 5, until the rock sample 5 is broken, obtains institute
State the loading force of the fracture of rock sample 5.
S6: the fracture toughness of rock under liquid nitrogen environment is obtained according to pre-defined rule according to the loading force.
In the present embodiment, it is necessary first to which temperature sensor 7 and deformation-sensor 6 are pasted on to the table of rock sample 5
On face, these temperature sensors 7 and/or deformation-sensor 6 can work normally under the ultra-low temperature surroundings of liquid nitrogen, can obtain
The temperature during the test of rock sample 5 and deformation parameter.
Then by the rock sample 5 with preset slot 51 be put into band there are two the first roll shaft 4 container 3 after, slowly to
Add liquid nitrogen in container 3, until the liquid nitrogen 2 in container do not had rock sample 5 it is a little until, and then in order to keep liquid nitrogen environment abundant
Rock sample 5 is acted on, needs that rock sample 5 is kept to be standing and soaking 1 hour or so (predetermined time) in liquid nitrogen, measures in this way
Fracture Toughness of Rocks it is more accurate.It needs constantly to pass through tube body 1 during this and is slowly added liquid nitrogen into container 3, to keep liquid
Nitrogen did not had rock sample 5.Just start to be passed through liquid nitrogen into container 3 and has to slowly, to prevent liquid nitrogen from abruptly entering in this way
Acutely gasification generates larger pressure and causes large effect to test result during container 3.
Then the pressure head of testing machine 8 is slowly pushed down into rock sample 5, and appropriate liquid nitrogen 1 is added into container 3, so that examination
8 front end of pressure head for testing machine is immersed in liquid nitrogen 2, be can be avoided liquid nitrogen gasification in this way and is connect to the pressure head 8 and rock sample 5 of testing machine
The influence of contacting surface.Last Control experiment machine loads rock sample 5, until rock sample 5 is broken, so as to obtain
State the loading force of the fracture of rock sample 5.It also needs constantly to add liquid nitrogen into container 3 during this, to guarantee rock sample 5 always
It is immersed in liquid nitrogen.And then the fracture toughness of rock under liquid nitrogen environment is obtained according to pre-defined rule according to the loading force.
Specifically, the pre-defined rule is the fracture toughness that rock under liquid nitrogen environment is calculated according to following formula:
Wherein, KICIt is expressed as the fracture toughness of rock, unit MPam0.5；Y' is expressed as critical stress intensity factors；
PmaxIt is expressed as loading force when rock sample fracture, unit N；π indicates pi；A is expressed as the preset slot 51 of rock sample
Height, unit mm；R is expressed as the radius of rock sample, unit mm；B is expressed as the thickness of rock sample, and unit is
mm。
In turn, critical stress intensity factors Y' can be calculated according to following formula:
Y'=-1.297+9.516 (S/R)-[0.47+16.457 (S/R)] α
+[1.071+34.401(S/R)]α2
Wherein, S is expressed as the half of distance between the first roll shaft center, unit mm；R is expressed as the half of rock sample
Diameter, unit mm；α is dimensionless group,Preferably,
It needs to be illustrated, is both needed to constantly add liquid nitrogen into container 3 during the whole test process, because of liquid nitrogen
Can largely it gasify under ambient laboratory conditions, constantly adding liquid nitrogen can guarantee that liquid nitrogen meets test requirements document.
In addition, referring to attached drawing 2 to attached drawing 5, the application also provides a kind of tough using rock fracture under above-mentioned liquid nitrogen environment
The test device of the test method of property.The device includes: container 3, rock sample 5, testing machine, lid 9.Container 3 is for containing
Liquid nitrogen, there are two the first roll shafts 4 for the bottom setting of the container 3.Rock sample 5 is placed on described two first roll shafts 4, and is soaked
For bubble in the liquid nitrogen, the surface mount of the rock sample 5 has temperature sensor 7 and deformation-sensor 6.Testing machine has pressure
First 8, the pressure head 8 can compress the rock sample 5, and exert a force to the rock sample 5, until the rock sample 5 is broken.
Lid 9 covers on the container 3, and has spacing between the liquid nitrogen, and first through hole 91 and the are offered on the lid 9
Two through-holes 92, the first through hole 91 can connect liquid nitrogen source (not shown), the other end by tube body 1, described 1 one end of tube body
The bottom of the container 3 is protruded into, to add liquid nitrogen into the container 3, second through-hole 92 can be such that the pressure head 8 passes through.
Attached drawing 2 and attached drawing 3 are referred to, the top of container 3 can be covered with lid 9, which can use heat-insulating material
Production.The lid 9 can keep certain spacing with the upper liquid level of liquid nitrogen in container 3, so that the low temperature that liquid nitrogen gasification volatilizes
Nitrogen, which is set, to be stayed on lid 9 and liquid nitrogen between liquid level, can play heat-insulated effect, the gasification of liquid nitrogen in container 3 is effectively reduced
Rate.
First through hole 91 can be provided on lid 9, so that tube body 1 passes through lid 9, preferably, tube body 1 can be passed through appearance
The bottom of device 3, so that liquid nitrogen is added from the bottom of container 3.Quantity the application of the first through hole 91 is not particularly limited,
Those skilled in the art, which can according to need, to be opened up.Second through-hole 92 can also be provided on lid 9, second through-hole
92 can be such that the pressure head 8 passes through.Preferably, the opening diameter of the first through hole 91 can be greater than the diameter of the tube body 1, tool
Body, the opening diameter of first through hole 91 can be 2 times of 1 diameter of tube body.The opening section face of second through-hole 92
Product can be greater than the area of section of the pressure head 8.Since the opening of tube body 1 and the opening size of pressure head 8 are bigger, in this way can
Low temperature nitrogen in slow release container 3, thus avoid 3 inside liquid nitrogen of container constantly gasify generation low temperature nitrogen pressure it is excessive
Cause test result inaccurate.
The bottom of container 3 can be set there are two the first roll shaft 4, and first roll shaft 4 is cylindrical.On the first roll shaft 4
It can be placed with the rock sample 5 of test, refer to attached drawing 4 and attached drawing 5, the section of the rock sample 5 substantially can be in half
The bottom surface middle part of circle, the rock sample 5 can offer the slot 51 extended in the rock sample 5.The slot
51 can run through the thickness direction of the rock sample 5, and in turn, this two the first roll shafts 4 can be placed equidistant in the rock
The two sides of test specimen slot 51.In order to be tested, which needs to be completely submerged in the liquid nitrogen of container 3.The rock
The surface of test specimen 5 can be pasted with multiple temperature sensors 7 and multiple deformation-sensors 6, tested with obtaining rock sample 5
Temperature parameter and deformation parameter in journey.
Specifically, the temperature sensor 7 can be fibre optical sensor.The temperature sensor 7 can be set described
The front and back of rock sample 5, and it is symmetrically distributed in the two sides of the slot 51.Preferably, the temperature sensor 7 can be
Four, can paste two temperature sensors 7 in positive 51 two sides of slot of rock sample 5 in this way can similarly try in rock
Paste other two temperature sensor 7 in 51 two sides of slot at 5 back side of part.When thermometric, the temperature of this four temperature sensors 7 can be taken
Average value is spent, to guarantee the accuracy of temperature measurement.The deformation-sensor 6 can be chessboard grating sensor, in this way can be same
When measurement slot 51 is vertical and the deflection of horizontal direction.
Testing machine can have pressure head 8, which may include pressure section 81 and the second roll shaft 82.The pressure head 8 can be worn
Cross the middle part that the second through-hole 92 is pressed on the rock sample 5, and the front end of the pressure head 8 of the testing machine need to be immersed in it is described
In liquid nitrogen, influence of the liquid nitrogen gasification to 5 contact surface of pressure head 8 and rock sample of testing machine can be avoided in this way.The testing machine
Pressure head 8 can exert a force to the rock sample 5, until the rock sample 5 is broken.
Container 3, tube body 1, cylindrical first roll shaft 4 and testing machine pressure head 8 (including pressure section 81 and second roll shaft 82)
It can be made of heat-insulating material, can be avoided damage of the ultralow temperature effect of liquid nitrogen to experimental facilities in this way.Specifically, originally
Field technical staff can choose heat-insulating material according to actual needs, and the application is not intended to be limited in any this.
The test method and device of Fracture Toughness of Rocks, it is complete to can be realized rock sample under liquid nitrogen environment provided by the invention
Fracture toughness test is carried out under liquid nitrogen environment entirely, joined temperature sensor 7 and deformation-sensor 6 during the test, it is enough
The temperature and deformation under liquid nitrogen environment during test specimen fracture toughness test are measured in real time, can be accurately obtained rock under liquid nitrogen environment
The fracture toughness of stone.
It should be noted that container 3 provided in this embodiment and lid 1 etc. can select any appropriate existing construction.
To be clearly briefly described technical solution provided by the present embodiment, no longer above-mentioned part will be repeated herein, specification
Attached drawing has also carried out corresponding simplification.However, it should be understood that therefore the present embodiment is not restricted in range.
All articles and reference disclosed, including patent application and publication, for various purposes by quoting knot
Together in this.Describing combined term " substantially by ... constitute " should include identified element, ingredient, component or step and reality
Other elements, ingredient, component or the step of the basic novel feature of the combination are not influenced in matter.Using term "comprising" or
" comprising " describes the combination of element here, ingredient, component or step it is also contemplated that substantially by these elements, ingredient, component
Or the embodiment that step is constituted.Here by using term " can with ", it is intended to illustrate that " can with " includes described any
Attribute is all optional.
Multiple element, ingredient, component or step can be provided by single integrated component, ingredient, component or step.Optionally
Ground, single integrated component, ingredient, component or step can be divided into multiple element, ingredient, component or the step of separation.It is used to
The open "a" or "an" for describing element, ingredient, component or step is not said to exclude other elements, ingredient, component
Or step.
It should be understood that above description is to illustrate rather than to be limited.By reading above-mentioned retouch
It states, many embodiments and many applications except provided example all will be aobvious and easy for a person skilled in the art
See.Therefore, the range of this introduction should not be determined referring to foregoing description, but should referring to preceding claims and this
The full scope of the equivalent that a little claims are possessed determines.For comprehensive purpose, all articles and with reference to including special
The disclosure of benefit application and bulletin is all by reference to being incorporated herein.Theme disclosed herein is omitted in preceding claims
Any aspect is not intended to abandon the body matter, also should not be considered as applicant the theme is not thought of as it is disclosed
Apply for a part of theme.
Claims (17)
1. the test method of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under a kind of liquid nitrogen environment, which comprises the following steps:
Rock sample with preset slot is put into band, and there are two in the container of the first roll shaft；
It is poured slowly into liquid nitrogen into the container, until liquid nitrogen did not had the rock sample；
It keeps rock sample to rest on the predetermined time in liquid nitrogen, in the given time, is constantly added by tube body into the container
Liquid feeding nitrogen, to keep liquid nitrogen not have rock sample；
The pressure head of testing machine is pushed down into the rock sample, and adds appropriate liquid nitrogen into the container, so that the pressure of testing machine
Head front end is immersed in liquid nitrogen；
Control experiment machine loads the rock sample, until the rock sample is broken, it is disconnected to obtain the rock sample
The loading force split；
The fracture toughness of rock under liquid nitrogen environment is obtained according to pre-defined rule according to the loading force.
2. the test method of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described predetermined
Rule is that the fracture toughness of rock under liquid nitrogen environment is calculated according to following formula:
Wherein, KICIt is expressed as the fracture toughness of rock, unit MPam0.5；Y' is expressed as critical stress intensity factors；PmaxTable
It is shown as loading force when rock sample fracture, unit N；π indicates pi；A is expressed as the height of the preset slot of rock sample,
Unit is mm；R is expressed as the radius of rock sample, unit mm；B is expressed as the thickness of rock sample, unit mm.
3. the test method of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment according to claim 2, which is characterized in that according to following
Critical stress intensity factors Y' is calculated in formula:
Y'=-1.297+9.516 (S/R)-[0.47+16.457 (S/R)] α
+[1.071+34.401(S/R)]α2
Wherein, S is expressed as the half of distance between the first roll shaft center, unit mm；R is expressed as the radius of rock sample, single
Position is mm；α is dimensionless group,
4. the test method of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that will be described
Rock sample is put into band there are two before the container of the first roll shaft, needs temperature sensor and deformation-sensor being pasted on the rock
The surface of stone test specimen.
5. the test method of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described predetermined
Time is 1 hour.
6. the test method of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in control institute
It states testing machine to load the rock sample, until needing constantly during rock sample fracture to the appearance
Liquid nitrogen is added in device, so that the rock sample is immersed in liquid nitrogen always.
7. the test method of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the appearance
The pressure head of device, first roll shaft and the testing machine is all made of heat-insulating material production.
8. the liquid that the test method of Fracture Toughness of Rocks uses under liquid nitrogen environment described in a kind of as above any one claim
The test device of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under nitrogen environment, which is characterized in that the device includes:
Container is used to contain liquid nitrogen, and there are two the first roll shafts for the bottom setting of the container；
Rock sample is placed on described two first roll shafts, and is immersed in the liquid nitrogen, and the surface of the rock sample is viscous
Post temperature sensor and deformation-sensor；
Testing machine, with pressure head, the pressure head can compress the rock sample, and exert a force to the rock sample, until institute
State rock sample fracture；
Lid, the cover cap on the container, and have spacing between the liquid nitrogen, offer first on the lid
Through-hole and the second through-hole, the first through hole can connect liquid nitrogen source by tube body, described tube body one end, and the other end protrudes into the appearance
The bottom of device, to add liquid nitrogen into the container, second through-hole can be such that the pressure head passes through.
9. the test device of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment according to claim 8, which is characterized in that described first
The opening diameter of through-hole is greater than the diameter of the tube body, and the opening section area of second through-hole is greater than the section of the pressure head
Area.
10. the test device of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the examination
The pressure head for testing machine is resisted against the middle part of the rock sample.
11. the test device of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the examination
The pressure head front end for testing machine is immersed in the liquid nitrogen.
12. the test device of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the rock
The bottom surface middle part of the section semicircular in shape of stone test specimen, the rock sample offers the slot extended in the rock sample.
13. the test device of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment according to claim 12, which is characterized in that described to cut
Seam runs through the thickness direction of the rock sample.
14. the test device of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment according to claim 8, which is characterized in that described
The shape of one roll shaft is cylinder, and is placed equidistant in the two sides of the rock sample slot.
15. the test device of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the temperature
Degree sensor is fibre optical sensor.
16. the test device of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the temperature
The front and back of the rock sample is arranged in degree sensor, and is symmetrically distributed in the two sides of the slot.
17. the test device of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the change
Shape sensor is chessboard grating sensor.
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| CN201811213635.4A CN109187193A (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2018-10-18 | The test method and device of Fracture Toughness of Rocks under liquid nitrogen environment |
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