CN109187068B - Method for collecting and manufacturing 1m undisturbed monolith of multi-gravel soil - Google Patents
Method for collecting and manufacturing 1m undisturbed monolith of multi-gravel soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109187068B CN109187068B CN201810915258.2A CN201810915258A CN109187068B CN 109187068 B CN109187068 B CN 109187068B CN 201810915258 A CN201810915258 A CN 201810915258A CN 109187068 B CN109187068 B CN 109187068B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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Abstract
A method for collecting and manufacturing a 1m whole-section specimen of multi-gravel soil comprises field specimen collection and indoor specimen manufacturing and is characterized in that the method of field photographing, numbness fixing, gravel gluing and in-situ pasting is adopted to realize the collection and the manufacturing of the specimen. The invention is easy to understand and operate. The earth pillar is restored by referring to the photo, so that the earth pillar does not lose the naturalness. The section is taken out layer by layer from top to bottom, which is convenient and can not damage the soil layer structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology for collecting and manufacturing a soil specimen, in particular to a method for collecting and manufacturing a soil specimen with poor viscosity, and specifically relates to a method for collecting and manufacturing a 1m whole-section specimen of multi-gravel soil.
Background
The collection and the manufacture of the soil 1m whole-section specimen are to collect the soil entity with the depth of 1m in the field in an original state, and then to manufacture the whole-section specimen which can visually display the soil entity through later-stage processing indoors for history archiving and popular science display.
The existing collection and preparation technology of 1m soil monolith is generally only used for conventional or ideal soil bodies which have certain viscosity and mainly consist of fine soil. Certain gravels exist in some soil in nature, the gravel is difficult to collect soil bodies of 1m and glue pouring and fixing of later-stage soil samples in an original state according to the prior art, and abandoning the gravel causes serious distortion of collected and manufactured samples and is worthless.
The existing soil 1m whole section specimen collecting technology comprises the following steps: (1) and excavating a soil pit with the length of 2-3 m, the width of 1m and the depth of 1.2m at the determined sampling site. (2) On a vertical plane, according to the length, width and height of the soil column to be collected, a profile is drawn by a section cutter, and then the lower, left and right surfaces of the soil column are excavated or cut according to the profile. (3) The wooden box for placing the specimen is vertically sleeved on the earth pillar, and the back connected with the foundation is cut off from top to bottom and from left to right to the center by tools such as an engineer shovel or a cutter, and the whole earth pillar is pulled away. This conventional technique is applicable only to conventional or ideal soil bodies having a certain viscosity and mainly composed of fine soil. For the multi-gravel soil existing in nature, it is not feasible to adopt a contour-digging or cutting method due to the hardness of the gravel.
The existing soil 1m whole section specimen preparation technology comprises the following steps: (1) after the whole field collected soil specimen is fully and naturally dried, drilling holes on the surface of the specimen by using an electric rotor, wherein the interval between every two holes is 1cm, then spraying glue (the glue ratio is 1: 3), spraying once, then spraying for the second time after all the soil specimen permeates, and waiting for natural drying after spraying. (2) After drying, spraying a layer of virgin rubber on the section, and paving the linen with the cut size; spraying a layer of crude rubber, covering the clamping plate cover, clamping the clamping plate cover by a G-shaped clamp for fixing, and naturally drying. (3) And after the soil is naturally dried, the clamp is removed, the cover plate is removed, the soil body is exposed, and a natural structural surface is repaired. (4) After finishing repairing the natural surface, spraying the soil body once by using 1:8 glue, and sticking a label after the soil body is completely dried. For multi-gravel soils, conventional techniques cannot be collected, and because the gravel is heavy, soil specimens are typically displayed vertically, and it is difficult to ensure that the gravel is fixed in the specimens for a long period of time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for collecting and manufacturing a whole specimen of multi-gravel soil 1m, which aims to solve the problems that the existing sampling and manufacturing technology of undisturbed specimen of soil is limited to some conventional soil types, the multi-gravel soil is avoided, the soil cannot be cut due to the existence of hard gravel and the soil cannot be fixed for a long time due to the fact that the gravel is heavy during manufacturing, and the specimen is photographed in the field, numbed and fixed, gravel is glued, and adhered in situ.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a collection and manufacturing method of a 1m whole-section specimen of multi-gravel soil comprises field specimen collection and indoor specimen manufacturing, and is characterized in that the specimen collection comprises the following steps:
the field specimen collection comprises the following steps:
firstly, a sample containing box is manufactured;
secondly, excavating a sampling pit at the sampling point, and determining the section of the sampled gravel;
thirdly, hanging a scale on the cross section of the position to be earthed, and taking a picture to be compared;
fourthly, dividing the section to be sampled into a plurality of layers;
fifthly, taking down the gravel soil in sequence from top to bottom by using a sampling tool and putting the gravel soil into a sample containing box in sequence, wherein the gravel falling off in the sampling process is put in situ in time by comparing pictures;
the preparation of the specimen comprises the following steps:
firstly, a mother tire box with the inner diameter size consistent with that of the sample containing box is manufactured; the female tire box consists of a bottom plate and detachable side plates connected with four sides of the bottom plate;
secondly, moving the gravelly soil sample in the sample containing box into the mother tire box layer by layer to complete the reset of the sample in the mother tire box;
thirdly, after the restoration is finished, spraying dilute glue to reinforce fine soil to form the soil column for display, after the dilute glue is slightly dried, taking down the gravel on the surface, coating the original glue on the surface where the gravel is bonded with the fine soil, adhering the gravel on the fine soil in situ by contrasting photos, and spraying the dilute glue to the whole soil column for a plurality of times after the original glue is slightly dried;
and finally, removing the side plates around the bottom plate of the mother tire box, and repairing after the glue is dried completely.
The sample holding box has the size of 100cm multiplied by 22cm multiplied by 6 cm.
The dilute glue is original glue diluted three times, namely the weight ratio of the original glue to water is 1: 3.
The section to be sampled is divided into 3-7 layers.
The base plate of the female tire box is 1cm in thickness and high in hardness, the linen with the same size is paved on the base plate, the linen is firmly fixed on the base plate through screws, the screw is arranged in the center, the screws are arranged at four corners, and raw rubber is uniformly smeared on the linen to enable the linen to fully absorb the raw rubber and wait for slight drying; after slightly drying, wood strips are added on the periphery of the bottom plate, and the size of the wood strips is two blocks of 100cm multiplied by 6cm and two blocks of 22cm multiplied by 6 cm.
The repairing comprises the steps of removing a plurality of small granular fine soils possibly formed on the surface of the specimen by using a blower, coating original glue on the loosened gravel, and spraying diluted glue for reinforcement.
The size of the sampling pit is 2-3 m in length, 1m in width and 1.2m in depth.
The invention adopts a photographing contraposition reduction method, namely, a natural surface is shot, all layers of the wood box are collected to be contraposition with the natural surface, and the hierarchical structure of the soil body collected in the wood box is reduced according to the shot natural surface picture. And (3) shooting a natural surface, namely shooting a natural picture of the soil body to be collected by using a high-pixel camera, wherein the soil body with multiple gravels is shown in figure 1. The collected layers of the sample containing box are aligned with the natural surface, namely, the sections are collected into a wood box with the depth of the layers aligned one by one from top to bottom, wherein the wood box is 100cm multiplied by 22cm multiplied by 6 cm. The layered structure of the soil body mined in the wooden box is restored according to the shot natural surface picture, namely, the scattered soil body in the box is restored to the natural structure according to the shot natural surface section picture, and a large amount of gravels are mainly restored to the original layered structure, namely, the natural appearance.
The invention discloses a manufacturing technology for in-situ pasting of a mother tire, which is characterized in that a box with the inner diameter equal to that of a soil column is manufactured firstly, the collected soil columns are placed into a wooden box layer by layer, the fine soil part is directly sprayed with thin glue for fixation, the large gravel part is pasted with original glue, and then the thin glue is sprayed for fixation. The box is made by fixing the linen on the art designing board by screw, coating the original glue to make the board and linen fully adhere, and using the manufactured art designing board as the bottom board to make the wood box. And (3) putting the soil into a wood box layer by layer, namely reducing the hierarchical structure of the soil column in situ, spraying dilute glue and fixing the dilute glue and the crude glue, namely reinforcing loose fine soil and solidifying large gravels.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method is simple and easy to understand and operate.
2. The earth pillar is restored by referring to the photo, so that the earth pillar does not lose the naturalness.
3. The section is taken out layer by layer from top to bottom, which is convenient and can not damage the soil layer structure.
4. The manufactured wooden box is used as a specimen substrate, the whole specimen is stronger in bonding degree with the art designing plate, and the wooden box cannot collapse under the condition of vertical suspension.
5. The hierarchical structure of the earth pillar is restored, so that the specimen cannot lose naturalness, and the specimen is more attractive after being made into the specimen.
6. The fine soil spray glue can reinforce the cohesiveness of the soil, and then the crude glue is used for fixing the large gravels, so that the gravels can be firmly fixed in the soil and can not fall off due to too heavy gravels in vertical exhibition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-gravel soil.
FIG. 2 is a schematic of the stratified sampling of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective exploded view of the mother tire case of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1-3.
A method for collecting and manufacturing a 1m whole section specimen of multi-gravel soil comprises the steps of collecting a whole section soil column specimen of multi-gravel soil and manufacturing the specimen. Before collecting the whole section of the multi-gravel soil column, a wood box (a sample containing box) for containing the whole section of the soil column is bound by an electric drill, and the size of the wood box is 100cm multiplied by 22cm multiplied by 6cm as common. Then, a multi-gravel natural surface with the best angle is selected, obstacles around the multi-gravel natural surface are removed by a soldier shovel, a ruler is hung, and the multi-gravel natural surface is shot by a high-pixel digital single-lens reflex camera (figure 1). After the layers are divided, the first layer is taken out by a shovel, the first layer is put into a wood box in situ, the second layer is taken out one by one, and the upper and lower structures of the taken out soil cannot be confused (as shown in figure 2). Then the gravels are arranged in the wooden box one by one according to the natural structure of the gravels on the photo, and the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are both designed for the naturalness and fully embody the natural appearance.
When the indoor sample of later stage is made, at first make a female child box, the bottom plate of female child box will carry out the exquisite processing, and the thickness of bottom plate is about 1cm, and the hardness is stronger, lays the linen of the same size on the bottom plate, firmly consolidates the linen on the bottom plate with the screw of saucer, screw in center, screw each in four corners, then evenly daubs the virgin glue on the linen, makes the linen fully eat through the virgin glue, waits for slightly dry. After the slightly dried wood strips with the sizes of 100cm × 6cm and 22cm × 6cm are added on the periphery of the bottom plate (as shown in figure 3). And then, restoring the collected multi-gravel soil column into a mother tire box, restoring layer by layer one by layer as before, after restoration, spraying dilute glue water by a spray can to reinforce fine soil, wherein the proportion of the dilute glue water is 3:1 (weight ratio, 1 part of glue and 3 parts of water), taking out the large gravel after the glue water is slightly dried, coating original glue at the bonding part of the gravel and the fine soil, wherein each gravel needs to be coated with the original glue to ensure that the gravel and the fine soil are fully bonded, the natural arrangement of stones needs to be noticed when the gravel is bonded, the display surface of the gravel cannot be coated with the original glue, and the original glue with high concentration can form a white film on the surface of the gravel after being sealed and dried, so that the display effect is influenced. After slight drying, spraying glue in a ratio of 3:1 on the whole soil column, spraying again after drying, then dismantling the surrounding battens, and repairing and perfecting after completely drying. During repairing, a lot of small granular fine soil may be formed on the surface of the specimen, then the granules are removed by a blower, the loose part is still coated with original glue for adhering, and then diluted glue is sprayed for reinforcing. The raw glue used in the embodiment is the same as the glue used in the existing preparation of the common cohesive soil specimen, can be directly purchased from the market, and does not need to be prepared separately.
The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or can be implemented using the prior art.
Claims (6)
1. A collection and manufacturing method of a 1m undisturbed monolith for multi-gravel soil comprises field specimen collection and indoor specimen manufacturing, wherein the 1m undisturbed monolith is an undisturbed monolith obtained from the surface 1m below the surface, and is characterized in that the specimen collection comprises the following steps:
the field specimen collection comprises the following steps:
firstly, a sample containing box is manufactured;
secondly, excavating a sampling pit at the sampling point, and determining the section of the sampled gravel;
thirdly, hanging a scale on the cross section of the position to be earthed, and taking a picture to be compared;
fourthly, dividing the section to be sampled into a plurality of layers;
finally, taking down the gravel soil in sequence from the top to the bottom by using a sampling tool and putting the gravel soil into the sample containing box in sequence, wherein the gravel falling off in the sampling process is put in situ in time by comparing pictures;
the preparation of the specimen comprises the following steps:
firstly, a mother tire box with the inner diameter size consistent with that of the sample containing box is manufactured; the female tire box consists of a bottom plate and detachable side plates connected with four sides of the bottom plate;
secondly, moving the gravelly soil sample in the sample containing box into the mother tire box layer by layer to complete the reset of the sample in the mother tire box;
thirdly, spraying dilute glue to reinforce fine soil after the restoration is finished to form the soil column for display, taking down gravels on the surface after the dilute glue is slightly dried, coating original glue on the surface where the gravels are bonded with the fine soil, adhering the gravels on the fine soil in situ by contrasting photos, and spraying the dilute glue on the whole soil column for a plurality of times after the original glue is slightly dried;
finally, removing the side plates around the bottom plate of the mother tire box, and repairing after the glue is dried completely;
the base plate of the female tire box is 1cm in thickness and high in hardness, the linen with the same size is paved on the base plate, the linen is firmly fixed on the base plate through screws, the screw is arranged in the center, the screws are arranged at four corners, and raw rubber is uniformly smeared on the linen to enable the linen to fully absorb the raw rubber and wait for slight drying; after slightly drying, wood strips are added on the periphery of the bottom plate, and the size of the wood strips is two blocks of 100cm multiplied by 6cm and two blocks of 22cm multiplied by 6 cm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said sample holding cartridge has dimensions of 100cm x 22cm x 6 cm.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said dilute glue is a triple dilute original glue, i.e. the weight ratio of original glue to water is 1: 3.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the section to be sampled is divided into 3 to 7 layers.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the repair comprises removing a plurality of small particles of fine earth that may have formed on the surface of the specimen with a blower, applying a primer adhesive to the loosened gravel, and spraying a thinner adhesive to reinforce the gravel.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the size of the sampling pit is 2-3 m long, 1m wide and 1.2m deep.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810915258.2A CN109187068B (en) | 2018-08-13 | 2018-08-13 | Method for collecting and manufacturing 1m undisturbed monolith of multi-gravel soil |
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| CN201810915258.2A CN109187068B (en) | 2018-08-13 | 2018-08-13 | Method for collecting and manufacturing 1m undisturbed monolith of multi-gravel soil |
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| CN109187068A CN109187068A (en) | 2019-01-11 |
| CN109187068B true CN109187068B (en) | 2020-06-05 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111380717B (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2022-09-16 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Undisturbed whole-section soil specimen collecting and manufacturing equipment and method |
| CN111487108B (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-04-27 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for preparing whole section specimen of peat soil |
| CN111487109B (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-04-27 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for preparing whole specimen of soil with high water content and strong expansibility |
| CN111562157B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2024-08-20 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Sample preparation process for keeping field soil profile original state |
| CN112240848B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2024-04-12 | 黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所 | Soil specimen restoration method |
| CN112611616B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2024-02-09 | 海南省环境科学研究院 | Manufacturing method of coral sand sample |
| CN117213910B (en) * | 2023-11-07 | 2024-02-23 | 吉林农业大学 | Device for collecting whole section of sample of saline-alkali soil |
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Effective date of registration: 20200520 Address after: 210008 Xuanwu District, Jiangsu, Beijing East Road 71, Nanjing Applicant after: NANJING INSTITUTE OF SOIL CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Applicant after: GUIZHOU INSTITUTE OF TOBACCO SCIENCE Address before: 210008 Xuanwu District, Jiangsu, Beijing East Road 71, Nanjing Applicant before: NANJING INSTITUTE OF SOIL CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES |
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Inventor after: Zhao Yuguo Inventor after: Shen Chenlu Inventor after: Wang Qiming Inventor after: Li Decheng Inventor after: Pan Wenjie Inventor after: Gao Weichang Inventor before: Zhao Yuguo Inventor before: Shen Chenlu Inventor before: Wang Qiming Inventor before: Li Decheng |