CN109187038A - A method of emulation obtains boat diesel engine fault data - Google Patents
A method of emulation obtains boat diesel engine fault data Download PDFInfo
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- CN109187038A CN109187038A CN201810884968.3A CN201810884968A CN109187038A CN 109187038 A CN109187038 A CN 109187038A CN 201810884968 A CN201810884968 A CN 201810884968A CN 109187038 A CN109187038 A CN 109187038A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
- G01M15/05—Testing internal-combustion engines by combined monitoring of two or more different engine parameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
- G01M15/10—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame
- G01M15/102—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame by monitoring exhaust gases
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
- G01M15/10—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame
- G01M15/102—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame by monitoring exhaust gases
- G01M15/106—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame by monitoring exhaust gases using pressure sensors
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Abstract
A method of emulation obtains boat diesel engine fault data, belong to boat diesel engine failure monitoring and prediction field, based on boat diesel engine model realization, comprising: establish pratical and feasible Diesel Engine Model, it is consistent with actual diesel engine to adjust the output parameter that the structural parameters of model make；It analyzes the time required to determining diesel engine fault factor Adding Way, fault threshold and breaking down；Gradually increase failure factor into model according to Wiener-Hopf equation until the fault threshold determined, failure generating process data can be obtained by acquiring the monitoring parameters in failure generating process in each in stable condition situation respectively.The present invention can efficiently generate a large amount of boat diesel engine fault datas using the method for simulation model, guarantee the stochastic uncertainty of failure generating process according to the growth of Wiener-Hopf equation simulated fault factor, failure data acquisition cost is reduced, for qualitative analysis boat diesel engine failure and the failure analysis methods based on data-driven provide mass data.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to boat diesel engine failure monitorings and prediction field, are related to a kind of emulation acquisition boat diesel engine failure
The method of data.
Background technique
The acceleration of global economic integration progress also promotes the development of shipping interest, as current most widely used ship
Oceangoing ship power device, the failure of boat diesel engine account for the 60%~80% of entire ship failure, it is carried out health status monitoring and
Failure predication runs guarantee ship steadily in the long term and has a very important significance.Traditional boat diesel engine failure monitoring technology
It is mainly periodically artificially detected by skilled engineer, efficiency is lower and can no longer meet growing pair of people
The requirement of stability of ship.Failure monitoring technology diagnostic accuracy with higher based on data-driven, is gone through by analysis system
History and present monitoring parameters judge its health status, have got more and more people's extensive concerning, thus a large amount of history normally and
Fault data has become qualitative analysis boat diesel engine fault characteristic and realizes the key of high-precision failure monitoring.
Boat diesel engine is typical multisystem, multi-level complication system, and various monitoring parameters carry different systems
Health status information, therefore a variety of different key status parameters are the bases based on data-driven failure monitoring and Predicting Technique
Plinth.However due to the presence of many reasons, true complete boat diesel engine monitoring parameters acquisition is very difficult, while its failure
The acquisition of sample often has destructive, contingency and is difficult to reproducibility, and expensive, is unfavorable for being widely applied.This is tight
Application of data analysis technique during failure monitoring and prediction is affected again, constrains the failure monitoring based on data-driven
With the development of Predicting Technique.Therefore there is an urgent need to it is a kind of can by acquisition boat diesel engine that the method for emulation is simple and efficient therefore
The method for hindering generating process data reduces the complexity that complete boat diesel engine monitoring parameters obtain.The present invention by
The method for being gradually added into failure factor simulated fault generating process according to Wiener-Hopf equation rule in boat diesel engine model, acquisition system
System monitoring parameters can obtain the repeatable fault data of low cost.
Summary of the invention
The present invention specifically addresses existing true boat diesel engine failure generating process and specific fault conditions data collections
Difficult problem proposes a kind of method that emulation obtains boat diesel engine fault data, can obtain soft fault simultaneously
Process data can also obtain specific fault conditions data, reduce failure data acquisition cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A method of emulation obtains boat diesel engine fault data, and this method is based on boat diesel engine model realization, presses
Failure factor simulated fault generating process is gradually added into model according to Wiener-Hopf equation, acquires the prison of each stable malfunction respectively
Parameter is surveyed to complete the collection of soft fault generating process and specific fault conditions data.Specific emulation obtains fault data
Method the following steps are included:
Step S1: it according to the structural parameters in practical boat diesel engine parameter setting boat diesel engine model, establishes practical
It is consistent with actual diesel engine to adjust the output parameter that the various input parameters of model make for the model of feasible diesel engine.
The Diesel Engine Model includes five parts, respectively turbocharger 1, air cooler 2, scavenging air box 3,4 and of cylinder
Air inlet system and exhaust system.The turbocharger 1 includes booster 1-1 and turbine device 1-2, for that can convert in the residue in being vented
For mechanical energy, and then compress air inlet；Booster 1-1 is used to increase the extraneous air pressurized for entering diesel engine by porting 5
Tolerance is added, the efficiency of combustion of diesel oil is improved；Turbine device 1-2 will be for that will be discharged in gas remaining interior amount again using being converted to
Mechanical energy pushes booster 1-1 work.The air cooler 2 is for reducing the intake air temperature risen after pressurization.Described sweeps
Gas tank 3 guarantees that the air for entering difference cylinder 4 keeps relative constant for storing gas pressure accumulation.The cylinder 4 is actual diesel oil
The place that combustion process occurs, is the core of entire diesel engine.After the air inlet system and exhaust system include porting 5, booster
Pipeline 7, inlet manifold A8, exhaust manifold B9, exhaust main 11 and interface 10 after pipeline 6, air cooler, for realizing each subsystem
Between gas transmitting, above structure is chained up to the course of work that diesel engine can be thus achieved by air inlet system and exhaust system.Institute
4 one end of single cylinder stated is connect by inlet manifold A8 with scavenging air box 3, and the other end passes through exhaust manifold B9 and 10 phase of interface
Even, interface 10 is connect by exhaust main 11 with turbine device 1-2；Inlet manifold A8, exhaust manifold B9 number with 4, cylinder
Number is identical.
The outside air enters booster 1-1 by porting 5, by heating pressurized air via booster
Pipeline 6 enters air cooler 2 afterwards, and air after cooling enters scavenging air box 3 via pipeline 7 after air cooler and realizes storage gas pressure accumulation；It is described
Scavenging air box 3 be connected by multiple inlet manifold A8 with cylinder 4, according in cylinder 4 diesel combustion sequence successively infused into cylinder 4
Enter air；Exhaust gas in cylinder 4 enters turbine device 1-2, turbine device 1-2 via exhaust manifold B9, interface 10 and exhaust main 11
By can be again using mechanical energy is converted in residue in exhaust gas (discharge gas), last exhaust gas be outer via being discharged into porting 5
Boundary.
Step S2: by the characteristic of simulated fault needed for analyzing, failure factor Adding Way, fault threshold and generation are determined
The time required to failure.
The fault threshold and the required time that breaks down is determining according to actual boat diesel engine, but failure factor
Adding Way can be commonly used, is described in detail below to accident analysis and failure factor addition:
The most common failure of the turbocharger 1 includes booster 1-1 surge, the decline of booster 1-1 efficiency and machinery
Efficiency decline etc..Booster 1-1 surge is as entering work caused by when the air mass flow of booster 1-1 reduces to a certain extent
Make wild effect, will cause booster 1-1 damage when serious, emulates this failure and can be used and be gradually reduced into booster
The method of 1-1 air quality flow.The decline of booster 1-1 efficiency is usually because its inner flow passage is by dust, oil at runtime
Caused by air flow resistance caused by mist and carbon granule are dirty increases, diesel powered decline, over-emitting black exhaust, efficiency of combustion decline will cause
Phenomena such as, the acquisition of booster 1-1 efficiency directly can be slowly reduced during data simulation.Mechanical efficiency declines mainly by whirlpool
Caused by taking turns the reasons such as the bearing burnt in booster 1, booster 1-1 boost pressure can be caused too low, in actual emulation failure
It can be realized by the method for slowly reducing mechanical efficiency when data.
The most common failure of the air cooler 2 includes that air cooler 2 is cooling insufficient, and this failure may be drawn by many reasons
It rises, including cooling medium consumption is insufficient, coolant temperature increases extremely, and cooling impurity, which is attached in 2 pipeline of air cooler, to be caused
Cooling efficiency decline etc..Therefore the method for failure factor being added also has very much, including reduces cooling medium mass flow, is promoted cold
But medium temperature and reduction cooling efficiency etc..This failure will cause gas pressure and the temperature rising into scavenging air box 3, influence
Efficiency of combustion.
4 most common failure of cylinder includes distributive value deficiency etc., and occurrence cause includes that diesel oil is unclean, high-pressure oil pipe
Inside there is impurity, the foul on the parts such as spring for fuel injector, tappet has moved on to oil-fuel injector needle-valve top by fuel injector tappet
Deng this failure often only occurs in single cylinder 4, influences diesel engine working efficiency, therefore emulate and failure factor is added
Method is the atomizer diameter reduced in single cylinder or the diesel quality directly reduced into single cylinder.
The air inlet system and exhaust system most common failure includes exhaust blockage etc., when occurrence cause includes that exhaust manifold 10 is long
Between do not clear up, carbon deposit is excessive, and exhaust sectional area reduces and causes exhaust resistance to increase even and block, and this failure can cause to enter
Fresh air in cylinder 4 is reduced, and then influences burn rate.This failure often only occurs in single exhaust manifold B9,
The replacing velocity for delaying fresh air in cylinder 4 influences efficiency of combustion, therefore can be used and gradually decrease when this failure of emulation
The method of the initial position pipe diameter of single exhaust manifold B9.
Step S3: Wiener-Hopf equation emulation event is determined according to fault threshold determining in step S2 and the time required to breaking down
Parameter value needed for barrier factor, and method gradually increases failure factor with simulated fault generating process according to this.
Shown in the Wiener-Hopf equation simulated fault factor adition process principle such as formula (1):
Wherein, λiIt is tiThe growth factor of the failure factor at moment is according to preset time of failure desired value
Set failure factor growth factor initial value λi；η~N (0, Q) is the noise of growth factor；σ~N (0, P) is that failure factor increases
Coefficient of variation existing for diffusion coefficient in the process namely whole process, according to fluctuation that may be present in failure generating process
Parameter Q and P is set separately；xiLocation parameter value occurs for the failure of i-th of state.
Step S4: according to the working state of system of the method emulation of failure factor at this time is added in step S3, according to preparatory
The sampling rule of setting and sampling interval acquire monitoring parameters stable under the state.
The monitoring parameters include power, maximum outbreak pressure, booster 1-1 outlet temperature, the outlet booster 1-1 pressure
Power, air flow through the 2 front and back temperature difference of air cooler, air flows through 2 front and back pressure difference of air cooler, scavenging temperature, scavenging pressure, exhaust temperature
Degree, pressure at expulsion, exhaust gas go out turbine device 1-2 temperature into turbine device 1-2 temperature, exhaust gas, exhaust gas goes out the mass flow of turbine device 1-2
Deng.
Step S5: judging whether failure factor reaches scheduled fault threshold, not up to then repeats step S3 increase
Failure factor and step S4 acquisition monitoring parameters complete simulated fault data acquisition.
The failure factor in system is stepped up according to determining Wiener-Hopf equation function until reaching preset failure
Threshold value w acquires the monitoring parameters of each stable malfunction respectively, can be combined into failure generating process data, can also
Specific fault conditions monitoring parameters are obtained to increase the sampling number of some state.Since the present invention is only used for gradual process
Fault data emulation, the variation that each failure factor generates is smaller, can ignore discrete failure factor increase process and cause
Parameter fluctuation, adopting for failure generating process data can be realized by directly collecting each stable malfunction health parameters
Collection.
A large amount of boat diesel engines are efficiently generated the beneficial effects of the present invention are: can be convenient using the method for simulation model
Fault data guarantees the stochastic uncertainty of failure generating process, Ke Yitong using the growth of Wiener-Hopf equation simulated fault factor
When obtain the change procedures of monitoring parameters in specific fault conditions and failure generating process, be the analysis marine diesel of qualitative, quantitative
Machine failure and failure analysis methods based on data-driven provide mass data.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is boat diesel engine fault data generator work flow diagram；
Six cylinder two-stroke boat diesel engine model structure schematic diagram of Fig. 2；
Fig. 3 is turbocharger model structure schematic diagram；
In figure: 1 turbocharger；2 air coolers；3 scavenging air boxs；4 cylinders；5 portings；Pipeline after 6 boosters；7 is air-cooled
Pipeline after device；8 inlet manifold A；9 exhaust manifold B；The interface of 10 various inlet manifolds；11 exhaust mains；1-1 booster；1-2
Turbine device.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment emulation generates exhaust pipe plugging fault data, constructs by taking MAN company 6S35ME-B9 diesel engine as an example
Boat diesel engine model.
Step S1 is established practical according to the structural parameters in practical boat diesel engine parameter setting diesel engine mathematical model
The model of feasible diesel engine.
Step S2 analyzes Diesel Engine Exhaust Pipe plugging fault, determines that use is gradually reduced an exhaust manifold B9
The method simulated fault of initial position diameter, in fault-free factor, exhaust manifold B9 initial position diameter is 170mm, is set out
Initial position threshold diameter when existing failure is 130mm.For the generation of acceleration disturbance data, when there is the expectation of such failure in setting
Between be 50 days.
Step S3 is -0.056mm for specific increment constant λ value in selected Wiener-Hopf equation, and increment variation fluctuation η is side
Difference is the normal distribution of 0.05mm, and σ is the normal distribution that variance is 0.05mm.Determine that Wiener-Hopf equation model increases according to selected parameter
Add failure factor, obtains new exhaust manifold B9 diameter.
Step S4 emulates operating status at this time, chooses 10 groups of sampling conducts after new malfunction runs smoothly
The operating parameter of the malfunction, sampling interval are 10 minutes, complete specific fault conditions monitoring parameters collection process.
Step S5 judges the current initial position exhaust manifold B9 diameter, if reach preset failure
Threshold value repeats step S3 and S4 when not up to, completes the acquisition of exhaust pipe plugging fault generating process data.During this
The sampling number of the monitoring parameters of some malfunction can also individually be increased as exhaust pipe plugging fault data.
Embodiment 2
The implementation case is for emulating the cooling insufficient fault data of air cooler 2, using the identical marine diesel of experiment case study 1
Machine model.
Step S1, the Diesel Engine Model needed for being established according to actual diesel engine structural parameters.
Step S2, insufficient failure cooling to diesel air cooler 2 are analyzed, and determine that the implementation case emulates air cooler pipe
Failure caused by road is depended on by impurity is emulated using the method for gradually decreasing 2 cooling efficiency of air cooler.Air cooler 2 is cooling
Efficiency is 89.5% in fault-free, and cooling efficiency threshold value is 65%.There is such failure in the generation of acceleration disturbance data, setting
Expected time be 51 days.
Step S3, selecting failure factor to increase increment constant λ value in Wiener-Hopf equation is -0.05%, increment variation fluctuation η symbol
The normal distribution that variance is 0.03% is closed, σ meets the normal distribution that variance is 0.03%.Wiener-Hopf equation is determined according to selected parameter
Model increases failure factor, obtains new 2 cooling efficiency of air cooler.
Step S4 emulates working condition at this time, acquires the monitoring parameters of 15 sampled points of new stabilization malfunction
As the operating parameter of the malfunction, the sampling interval is equally chosen 10 minutes, completes the acquisition of specific fault conditions data.
Step S5, whether 2 cooling efficiency of air cooler reaches fault threshold at this time for judgement, repeats step S3 and S4, directly
To the cooling efficiency threshold value for reaching setting, the monitoring parameters for acquiring each steady malfunction form failure generating process data,
The fault data that some malfunction sampling number obtains specific fault conditions can also be increased at this time.
Embodiment described above only expresses embodiments of the present invention, and but it cannot be understood as to the invention patent
Range limitation, it is noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, also
Several modifications and improvements can be made, these are all belonged to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method that emulation obtains boat diesel engine fault data, it is characterised in that: the method is based on marine diesel
Failure factor simulated fault generating process is gradually added according to Wiener-Hopf equation in machine model realization into model, acquires respectively each steady
The monitoring parameters of malfunction are determined to complete the collection of soft fault generating process and specific fault conditions data；Including following step
It is rapid:
Step S1: it according to the structural parameters in practical boat diesel engine parameter setting boat diesel engine model, establishes pratical and feasible
It is consistent with actual diesel engine to adjust the output parameter that the various input parameters of model make for the model of diesel engine；
The Diesel Engine Model includes turbocharger (1), air cooler (2), scavenging air box (3), cylinder (4) and air inlet system and exhaust system five
A part, wherein turbocharger (1) includes booster (1-1) and turbine device (1-2), and air inlet system and exhaust system include porting
(5), pipeline (7) after pipeline (6), air cooler after booster, inlet manifold A (8), exhaust manifold B (9), exhaust main (11) and
Interface (10)；Outside air enters booster (1-1) by porting (5), by heating pressurized air via booster
Pipeline (6) enters air cooler (2) afterwards, and air after cooling enters scavenging air box (3) via pipeline after air cooler (7) and realizes that storing gas stores
Pressure；Scavenging air box (3) is connected by multiple inlet manifold A (8) with cylinder (4), according to cylinder (4) interior diesel combustion sequence successively to
Air is injected in cylinder (4), the number of inlet manifold A (8) is identical as cylinder (4) number；Exhaust gas in cylinder (4) is via exhaust
Manifold B (9), interface (10) and exhaust main (11) enter turbine device (1-2), and turbine device (1-2) is by can be again in residue in exhaust gas
Secondary utilization is converted to mechanical energy, and last exhaust gas is extraneous via being discharged into porting (5)；Described single cylinder (4) one end is logical
It crosses inlet manifold A (8) to connect with scavenging air box (3), the other end is connected by exhaust manifold B (9) with interface (10)；Inlet manifold A
(8), the number of exhaust manifold B (9) is identical as cylinder (4) number.
Step S2: by the characteristic of simulated fault needed for analyzing, failure factor Adding Way, fault threshold is determined and is broken down
Required time, the fault threshold and the required time that breaks down are determined according to actual boat diesel engine；To accident analysis
And failure factor be added be described as follows:
It include under booster (1-1) surge, the decline of booster (1-1) efficiency and mechanical efficiency for turbocharger (1) failure
Drop, the method that failure factor is added in emulation are as follows: for booster (1-1) surge, being gradually reduced into booster (1-1) air
Mass flow；Booster (1-1) efficiency is declined, booster (1-1) efficiency is directly slowly reduced during data simulation；
Mechanical efficiency is declined, can be realized by the method for slowly reducing mechanical efficiency in simulated fault data；
Insufficient failure cooling for air cooler (2), the method that failure factor is added in emulation are as follows: reduce cooling medium quality stream
Amount promotes coolant temperature and reduces cooling efficiency；
The method that failure factor is added for the insufficient failure of cylinder (4) distributive value, emulation are as follows: reduce the oil spout in single cylinder
Outspoken diameter directly reduces the diesel quality for entering single cylinder；
For the failure of air inlet system and exhaust system exhaust blockage, the method that failure factor is added in emulation are as follows: gradually decrease single exhaust
The initial position pipe diameter of manifold B9；
Step S3: according to the fault threshold determined in step S2 and the time required to breaking down, Wiener-Hopf equation simulated fault is determined
Parameter value needed for factor, and method gradually increases failure factor with simulated fault generating process according to this；
Shown in the Wiener-Hopf equation simulated fault factor adition process such as formula (1):
Wherein, λiIt is tiThe growth factor of the failure factor at moment is set according to preset time of failure desired value
Failure factor growth factor initial value λi；η~N (0, Q) is the noise of growth factor；σ~N (0, P) is failure factor propagation process
In diffusion coefficient namely whole process existing for coefficient of variation, according to fluctuation that may be present in failure generating process distinguish
Setup parameter Q and P；xiLocation parameter value occurs for the failure of i-th of state；
Step S4: according to the method emulation working state of system at this time that failure factor is added in step S3, according to presetting
Sampling rule and the sampling interval acquire monitoring parameters stable under the state；
The monitoring parameters include power, maximum outbreak pressure, booster (1-1) outlet temperature, booster (1-1) outlet pressure
Power, air flow through air cooler (2) the front and back temperature difference, air flows through pressure difference, scavenging temperature, scavenging pressure, exhaust before and after air cooler (2)
Temperature, pressure at expulsion, exhaust gas goes out turbine device (1-2) temperature into turbine device (1-2) temperature, exhaust gas or exhaust gas goes out turbine device (1-2)
Mass flow；
Step S5: judging whether failure factor reaches scheduled fault threshold, not up to then repeats step S3 and increases failure
Factor and step S4 acquisition monitoring parameters complete simulated fault data acquisition；
The failure factor in system is stepped up according to determining Wiener-Hopf equation function until reaching preset fault threshold,
The monitoring parameters for acquiring each stable malfunction respectively can be combined into failure generating process data, can also increase
The sampling number of some state obtains specific fault conditions monitoring parameters.
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| CN114878172A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-08-09 | 上海船舶运输科学研究所有限公司 | Method and system for extracting temperature signal characteristics of marine main engine cylinder |
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| CN114878172A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-08-09 | 上海船舶运输科学研究所有限公司 | Method and system for extracting temperature signal characteristics of marine main engine cylinder |
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| CN115479636B (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-10-03 | 中国航空工业集团公司金城南京机电液压工程研究中心 | Turbine cooler state monitoring and analyzing method |
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