CN109185010B - Hydropower station volute embedding method based on thermal effect structure deformation principle - Google Patents

Hydropower station volute embedding method based on thermal effect structure deformation principle Download PDF

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CN109185010B
CN109185010B CN201811095387.8A CN201811095387A CN109185010B CN 109185010 B CN109185010 B CN 109185010B CN 201811095387 A CN201811095387 A CN 201811095387A CN 109185010 B CN109185010 B CN 109185010B
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volute
steel
steel volute
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concrete
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CN109185010A (en
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伍鹤皋
喻鹏
石长征
苏凯
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Wuhan University WHU
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

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Abstract

A hydropower station volute embedding method based on a thermal effect structure deformation principle comprises the following steps that before concrete is poured outside a steel volute, the inlet of the steel volute and the seat ring are arrangedThe outlet of the steel volute is sealed by adopting a heat insulation material; hot air with a certain temperature is filled into the steel volute to increase the temperature of the steel volute so that the steel volute expands and deforms radially, and concrete pouring is carried out under the condition that the temperature of steel materials of each pipe joint of the steel volute is kept constant to be T; after the concrete is poured and has certain strength, the temperature of the steel volute is recovered to reach an initial value, the structure is contracted, and an initial gap is formed between the steel volute and the concrete; when the unit operates, the water pressure in the steel volute needs to reach a certain value to close the initial gap, and the steel volute independently bears the water pressure P capable of enabling the steel volute to deform to reach the initial gap0While its internal water pressure exceeds P in operation0The size of the part is shared with the concrete, and then the concrete is stressed.

Description

Hydropower station volute embedding method based on thermal effect structure deformation principle
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydroelectric power generation engineering, relates to a hydropower station volute embedding mode, and particularly relates to a hydropower station volute embedding method based on a thermal effect structural deformation principle.
Background
At present, a metal volute is basically adopted in large and medium hydropower stations as an important overflowing structure, concrete needs to be poured outside a steel volute, as shown in the attached drawing 1, specifically, after a steel liner of a taper pipe section of a tail water pipe is installed and concrete is poured around the taper pipe, a seat ring and the steel volute are installed, and after the steel volute is fixedly installed, concrete wrapped outside the volute is poured according to different embedding modes. The model selection of the volute embedding mode comprises a direct-buried volute, a cushion layer volute and a water-filling pressure-maintaining volute.
In a large and medium hydropower station, if a direct-buried volute type is adopted, after a steel volute and the like are fixedly installed, outer concrete is directly poured on the outer surface of the steel volute, when a steel lining-concrete coupling structure bears the common stress, the steel volute and the outer concrete are in direct contact, and the water pressure in the steel volute is large and is transmitted to a large part of load of the outer concrete, so that the proportion of the water pressure in the volute, which is transmitted into the outer concrete, needs to be reduced, and the volute outer concrete bears the overlarge tensile stress to cause serious damage, and further, the unit operation is not favorable.
At the present stage, the methods for solving the problems in the actual engineering can be mainly summarized into two methods, the first method is that a layer of cushion layer material with lower rigidity is laid on the outer surface of the upper half part of the volute within a certain range, then concrete is poured on the cushion layer material to form a steel lining-cushion layer-concrete coupling structure, and by utilizing the characteristic of low rigidity of the cushion layer, the steel volute can be deformed sufficiently, the bearing capacity of the steel volute is exerted to a greater extent, and the proportion of internal water pressure transmitted into the outer-wrapped concrete is reduced, namely the form of the cushion layer volute; the second is that before pouring the outer concrete, the steel volute is provided with sealing measures such as a choke plug, a base ring inner sealing ring and the like, then the volute is filled with water and pressurized to be expanded and deformed, then the concrete is poured under the condition of pressure maintaining, after the concrete pouring is finished and has certain strength, the pressurizing equipment is removed, the volute is contracted into an initial state, an initial gap is formed between the outer surface of the steel volute and the concrete, so that the steel volute can independently bear the water pressure during the water filling and pressurizing when the unit runs, the inner water pressure exceeding the part can be jointly borne by the concrete, the proportion of the water pressure in the volute transmitted into the outer concrete is reduced, and the form of the water filling and pressure maintaining volute is a form. In addition, one conceivable form is that a material with a certain thickness is coated on the periphery of the steel volute in advance before concrete is poured, and after the concrete is poured and has certain strength, the coated material is removed to obtain an artificial initial gap, so that the volute can independently bear a part of internal water pressure in an earlier stage like a water-filling pressure-maintaining volute form.
The key of reducing the proportion of water pressure in the volute and transferring the water pressure into the outer concrete through the embedding mode of the cushion layer volute lies in utilizing the thickness and the material performance of the cushion layer, and because the mechanical stability of the cushion layer material is not clear at present, under the repeated adding and unloading action of the water pressure in the running and stopping processes of the unit, residual deformation exists due to the characteristics of plastic deformation and the like of the material, the material performances of the thickness, the compression modulus and the like of the material change, the function of the cushion layer which can be exerted in the long-term running of the unit cannot be known, even the cushion layer fails, and the steel volute has a local void phenomenon. On the other hand, the cushion layer between the steel volute and the outer-coated concrete has adverse effect on the whole formed by the steel volute and the outer-coated concrete, and the cushion layer possibly has local hollowing, so that the wrapping effect of the outer-coated concrete on the volute is greatly weakened, the overall stability is influenced, the overall rigidity of the volute and the outer-coated concrete is weakened, the structure is adversely affected in vibration resistance and fatigue resistance under the action of the internal hydrodynamic pressure, and the operation safety of a unit is influenced. For the form of the water-filling pressure-maintaining volute, along with the improvement of the steel welding process level at present, the field hydrostatic test is not generally needed to be carried out on the water turbine volute, if the water filling and the pressurization are still required to be carried out when the outer-wrapping concrete is poured under the condition that the hydrostatic test is not carried out, a volute inlet choke plug and a seat ring inner sealing ring are additionally installed, firstly, the cost of pressurizing equipment is increased, secondly, the straight line construction period is increased, meanwhile, the installation of the choke plug has a large requirement on the width of a factory building, the width of the factory building is increased, further, the engineering investment and the construction period and difficulty are increased, and the influence on the construction of an. In the method for manually obtaining the initial gap, materials which are coated in advance need to be removed after concrete pouring is completed, materials such as paraffin and the like which can be melted into liquid to be discharged are generally adopted, but the initial gap is only millimeter-sized, so that the coating thickness is required to be accurately ensured, and the coating material is required to be not damaged in the concrete pouring process for controlling errors, so that the coating material simultaneously needs to have high rigidity, strength and meltability, special performance materials are required to be adopted, the construction precision and the technology are difficult to control, meanwhile, different pipe joints need to be coated with different thicknesses due to different radiuses and thicknesses of all pipe joints of the volute, and further, errors caused by construction are increased.
Therefore, aiming at the hydropower station volute, it is very important to find an embedding method which can avoid the adverse effects and reduce the proportion of the water pressure in the volute which is transmitted into the outer concrete.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydropower station volute embedding method based on a thermal effect structural deformation principle, which avoids the defects of the existing embedding methods of a cushion layer volute, a water filling and pressure maintaining volute and the like of a hydropower station at present, and can improve the stress condition of concrete wrapped outside the volute so as to ensure the running safety of a unit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hydropower station volute embedding method based on a thermal effect structure deformation principle comprises the following steps,
(1) before pouring concrete outside the steel volute, sealing the steel volute inlet and the steel volute outlet at the seat ring part by adopting a heat insulation material;
(2) filling hot air with a certain temperature into the steel volute to increase the temperature of the steel volute so that the steel volute expands and deforms radially, and pouring concrete under the condition that the temperature of steel of each pipe joint of the steel volute is kept constant at T, wherein the calculation formula of the temperature T is as follows:
Figure BDA0001805414480000031
in the above formula:
η -the proportion of internal water pressure assigned to the steel volute to bear alone,
[ sigma ] -the steel volute design allows for stress,
e, the elastic modulus of steel adopted by the steel volute,
α -coefficient of linear expansion of steel material used in steel volute,
T0the initial value of the temperature of the steel volute is obtained, and the assumed value of the temperature of water in the steel volute when the unit operates is taken;
(3) after the concrete is poured and has certain strength, the temperature of the steel volute is recovered to reach an initial value, the structure is contracted, and an initial gap is formed between the steel volute and the concrete;
(4) when the unit operates, the water pressure in the steel volute needs to reach a certain value to close the initial gap, and the steel volute independently bears the water pressure P capable of enabling the steel volute to deform to reach the initial gap0While its internal water pressure exceeds P in operation0The size of the part is shared with the concrete, and then the concrete is stressed.
Further, when hot air at a certain temperature is filled into the steel volute, the air is heated by the air heater, the heated high-temperature air is input into the steel volute through the air blower, and the steel volute is subjected to heat conduction by the high-temperature air, so that the temperature of the steel volute is increased.
Further, before hot air at a certain temperature is filled, a plurality of temperature sensors are distributed on the inner surface of the steel volute to monitor the temperature of the steel volute, when the temperature reaches a required value T, heat preservation is carried out, and concrete wrapped outside the steel volute is poured under the condition.
Furthermore, before the concrete outside the steel volute is poured, supports are distributed inside the steel volute.
Preferably, the support is a detachable'm' -shaped support arranged inside the steel volute, and is arranged on each pipe joint.
Furthermore, an air inlet pipeline extending along the axis of the steel volute is arranged inside the steel volute and connected with an air outlet of the air blower, high-temperature air enters the steel volute through the air inlet pipeline, the air inlet pipeline is provided with holes around the boundary of each pipe joint, an exhaust pipeline is arranged at the bottom of an inlet of the steel volute and used for discharging low-temperature air, the exhaust pipeline is connected with an air heater to form a circulating device, and the air inlet pipeline and the exhaust pipeline are removed after concrete pouring is finished and certain strength is achieved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) compared with a cushion layer volute embedding mode, the volute embedding mode can enable the integrity of the steel volute and the outer-coated concrete to be stronger, the torsional deformation of the volute and the seat ring can be reduced by means of the outer-coated concrete when the unit runs, the vibration and deformation of the unit are reduced, the stable running of the unit is facilitated, and meanwhile, the internal water pressure distribution ratio is relatively accurate and controllable;
2) compared with a water-filling pressure-maintaining volute embedding mode, the volute embedding mode is simple in construction and simple and convenient in process, a choke plug with high requirement on the width of a factory building in the water-filling and pressure-maintaining process is not required to be added, the construction investment of the factory building is saved, meanwhile, complex pressure equipment is not required to be installed, and the straight line construction period is shortened;
3) compared with a method for manually acquiring an initial gap, the construction of the volute embedding mode is easier to accurately control, the prior art is mature, meanwhile, different control standards do not need to be set for each pipe joint, errors caused by construction are small, and the actual operability is strong;
4) when the concrete is poured outside the volute under the condition of water filling and pressure maintaining, the factors that the temperature is higher or lower than the temperature of the water in the actual operation volute during construction in summer or winter are considered, the temperature of the water in the steel volute generally needs to be reduced in summer and heated in winter, the deformation influence of temperature change on the volute during later operation is minimum, and water temperature heat preservation equipment such as heating or refrigerating equipment needs to be additionally added. The volute embedding method can control the temperature of the steel volute, and reduces the heat preservation process of the steel volute required in the prior construction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a casting range of concrete coated outside a volute;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of components required in casting of concrete wrapped outside the volute;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal layout of a single tube joint of a volute;
in the figure: 1 draft tube taper pipe section steel lining, 2 draft tube taper pipe periphery concrete, 3 steel spiral case, 4 rings, 5 steel spiral case outsourcing concrete, 6 steel spiral case import, 7 steel spiral case exports at the ring position, 8 each tube coupling boundary line of steel spiral case, 9 removable "rice" font of steel spiral case single tube coupling inside supports, 101 air heater, 102 air-blower, 103 inlet duct, 104 exhaust duct, 11 temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
The specific implementation method steps of the hydropower station volute burying method based on the thermal effect structure deformation principle are described in detail in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, supports are arranged inside the fixedly installed steel volute, that is, a detachable m-shaped support 9 is arranged on each pipe section to support steel of each pipe section;
as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, an air heater 101 and a blower 102 are arranged, an air inlet pipeline 103 is arranged inside the steel volute and connected with the blower 102, an exhaust pipeline 104 is arranged at the bottom of an inlet of the steel volute and connected with the air heater 101, and a plurality of temperature sensors 11 are arranged on the inner surface of the steel volute;
as shown in fig. 2, the steel volute inlet 6 and the steel volute outlet 7 at the seat ring part are sealed by adopting heat insulation materials.
The higher the temperature T of the control steel volute during concrete pouring, the larger the formed initial gap is, and the internal water pressure P born by the control steel volute independently0The larger the concrete is, the smaller the internal water pressure shared by the concrete is, namely the smaller the proportion of the water pressure in the steel volute transmitted into the outer concrete is. When the total pressure of the water in the steel volute is P, the proportion of the water pressure allocated to the steel volute to bear independently is
Figure BDA0001805414480000051
By controlling the temperature T, the internal water pressure proportion η born by the steel volute independently is controlled, so that the proportion of the internal water pressure transmitted into the outer package concrete when the unit operates is reduced, and the operation safety of the unit under a high water head is ensured.
The steel volute during the operation of the unit solely bears the internal water pressure proportion η which can enable the steel volute to deform to reach the initial gap, and is controlled by the steel volute temperature requirement T during concrete pouring, and the specific calculation is as follows:
when the steel volute bears the internal water pressure P by itself, each pipe joint structure (t is far less than r) of the steel volute with the pipe radius r and the pipe wall thickness t0While, its annular stress sigma under any sectionθHoop strain epsilonθThe circumferential perimeter deformation amount delta L and the pipe diameter direction deformation amount delta r can be calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0001805414480000061
Figure BDA0001805414480000062
ΔL＝2πrεθ(3)
Figure BDA0001805414480000063
in the above formula:
e-the elastic modulus of the steel adopted by the steel volute is 206000 MPa;
to the pipe diameter of r, pipeEach pipe joint structure of the steel volute with the wall thickness T (T is far less than r) when the temperature is T0When the temperature rises to T, the ring strain epsilon caused by free expansion (or free contraction) of each point in the object is changed due to the temperatureθAnd the pipe diameter direction deformation amount Δ r thereof can be calculated by the following formula:
εθ＝αΔT (5)
ΔT＝T-T0(6)
ΔL＝2πrεθ(7)
Figure BDA0001805414480000064
in the above formula:
α -linear expansion coefficient of steel material adopted by steel volute, 1.2 x 10-5/℃；
Delta T-steel volute temperature change value;
T0initial value of the temperature of the steel volute, here the assumed value of the temperature of the water inside the steel volute when the assembly is in operation.
When the pipe diameter direction deformation delta r reached in the two conditions is equal, namely the relation (9), the temperature T and the internal water pressure P are further obtained0The relational expression (10) of (a).
Figure BDA0001805414480000065
Figure BDA0001805414480000071
Meanwhile, according to structural design specifications of the steel volute of the hydropower station, the radius r of each pipe joint of the steel volute and the thickness t of the steel lining need to meet the following requirements:
Figure BDA0001805414480000072
in the above formula:
[ sigma ] -the steel volute design allows stress, and for high strength steel of 600MPa grade, the design usually takes on a value of about 200 MPa;
p-the water pressure in the steel volute.
The relational expression (12) is obtained by combining the expression (10) and the expression (11), and further, the relational expression (13) is obtained in which the steel volute temperature T at the time of concrete pouring and the internal water pressure ratio η which the steel volute will solely bear when the unit is running, the internal water pressure ratio η is solely borne by the steel volute to be controlled as required, and the temperature T to be reached is calculated by the expression (13).
Figure BDA0001805414480000073
Figure BDA0001805414480000074
According to the practical situation of the hydropower station, the temperature T of water in the steel volute during the running of the unit is considered0When the value of (a) is 10-15 ℃, 50% of the steel volute solely bearing the internal water pressure ratio η is calculated to be 50.5-55.5 ℃, and 60% of the steel volute solely bearing the internal water pressure ratio η is calculated to be 58.5-63.5 ℃.
An air heater 101 is started to heat air, high-temperature air is input into the steel volute through an air blower 102 and an air inlet pipeline 103, low-temperature air is discharged through an exhaust pipeline 104, the temperature of the steel volute is increased, the temperature of the steel volute is monitored according to a temperature sensor 11 arranged on the inner surface of the steel volute, when the temperature of the steel volute rises to a required value T, heat preservation is carried out, and steel volute casing concrete is poured under the condition until the concrete has certain strength.
After concrete pouring is completed and certain strength is achieved, a sealing part at a steel volute inlet 6 and a steel volute outlet 7 of a seat ring part and a detachable'm' -shaped support 9 arranged on each pipe section are detached, an air heater 101, an air blower 102, an air inlet pipeline 103, an exhaust pipeline 104 and a temperature sensor 11 are removed, the temperature of the steel volute returns to an initial state, an initial gap between the steel volute and concrete is formed, the initial gap can be closed when the water pressure in the steel volute during unit operation reaches η times of the designed water pressure, the water pressure shared by the steel volute and the concrete is 1- η times of the designed water pressure, the proportion of the water pressure in the steel volute to be transmitted into the outer-coated concrete is effectively controlled, and the operation safety of the high-head water discharging power station unit is guaranteed.
The steel volute temperature T is controlled when the steel volute outer-wrapping concrete is poured, the fact that the steel volute needs to bear the inner water pressure proportion η independently is determined, the proportion that the inner water pressure of the steel volute is transmitted into the outer-wrapping concrete is reduced when a hydropower station unit operates, the situation that the unit is not favorable to operation due to serious damage caused by the fact that the outer-wrapping concrete of the steel volute bears overlarge tensile stress is avoided, when the unit operates, the steel volute can be tightly attached to the outer-wrapping concrete, the seat ring, the steel volute and the outer-wrapping concrete are combined into a whole, the rigidity of a unit foundation is increased, alternating load and deformation caused by the dynamic water pressure when the steel volute operates can be avoided, and the fatigue resistance of the steel volute is also increased.
The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any alterations and modifications made without departing from the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A hydropower station volute embedding method based on a thermal effect structure deformation principle is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the steps are as follows,
(1) before pouring concrete outside the steel volute, sealing the steel volute inlet and the steel volute outlet at the seat ring part by adopting a heat insulation material;
(2) filling hot air with a certain temperature into the steel volute to increase the temperature of the steel volute so that the steel volute expands and deforms radially, and pouring concrete under the condition that the temperature of steel of each pipe joint of the steel volute is kept constant at T, wherein the calculation formula of the temperature T is as follows:
Figure FDA0002286617520000011
in the above formula:
η -the proportion of internal water pressure which is allocated to the steel volute to bear alone;
[ σ ] -Steel volute design allowable stress;
e, the elastic modulus of steel adopted by the steel volute;
α -coefficient of linear expansion of steel material adopted by the steel volute;
T0the initial value of the temperature of the steel volute is obtained, and the assumed value of the temperature of water in the steel volute when the unit operates is taken;
(3) after the concrete is poured and has certain strength, the temperature of the steel volute is recovered to reach an initial value, the structure is contracted, and an initial gap is formed between the steel volute and the concrete;
(4) when the unit operates, the water pressure in the steel volute needs to reach a certain value to close the initial gap, and the steel volute independently bears the water pressure P capable of enabling the steel volute to deform to reach the initial gap0While its internal water pressure exceeds P in operation0The size of the part is shared with the concrete, and then the concrete is stressed.
2. The hydropower station volute burying method based on the thermal effect structural deformation principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when hot air with a certain temperature is filled into the steel volute, the air heater is used for heating the air, the heated high-temperature air is input into the steel volute through the air blower, and the high-temperature air is used for conducting heat conduction on the steel volute, so that the temperature of the steel volute is improved.
3. The hydropower station volute burying method based on the thermal effect structural deformation principle as claimed in claim 2, wherein: before hot air with a certain temperature is filled, a plurality of temperature sensors are distributed on the inner surface of the steel volute to monitor the temperature of the steel volute, when the temperature reaches a required value T, heat preservation is carried out, and concrete wrapped outside the steel volute is poured under the condition.
4. The hydropower station volute burying method based on the thermal effect structural deformation principle as claimed in claim 3, wherein: before the concrete is coated outside the steel volute, supports are distributed inside the steel volute.
5. The hydropower station volute burying method based on the thermal effect structural deformation principle as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the support is a detachable'm' -shaped support arranged inside the steel volute, and each pipe joint is arranged.
6. The hydropower station volute burying method based on the thermal effect structural deformation principle as claimed in claim 5, wherein: an air inlet pipeline extending along the axis of the steel volute is arranged inside the steel volute and connected with an air outlet of the air blower, high-temperature air enters the steel volute through the air inlet pipeline, peripheral openings are formed in the air inlet pipeline at the boundary of each pipe joint, an exhaust pipeline is arranged at the bottom of an inlet of the steel volute and used for discharging low-temperature air, the exhaust pipeline is connected with an air heater to form a circulating device, and the air inlet pipeline and the exhaust pipeline are removed after concrete is poured and has certain strength.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH571160A5 (en) * 1973-11-13 1975-12-31 Vevey Atel Const Mec Construction of volume chamber for hydraulic turbine - for large scale power plants embedded in concrete uses circular cross sections
CN102296577B (en) * 2011-05-27 2012-07-04 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 Embedding technology of volute combination of large hydroelectric generating set
CN102758425B (en) * 2012-07-23 2014-06-11 天津大学 Preloading filling spiral case preloaded seam constructing device of hydropower station and implementing method thereof
CN104372775A (en) * 2014-12-05 2015-02-25 国家电网公司 Pumped storage power station pressure steel tube slurry injection hole seal welding method and seal welding structure
CN107829412A (en) * 2017-12-16 2018-03-23 博维恩冷冻科技（苏州）有限公司 A kind of power station spiral case concrete heat-insulation pressure keeping system and its construction method

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