CN109181660A - Borehole wall-protection mud and its preparing process and site construction technology - Google Patents
Borehole wall-protection mud and its preparing process and site construction technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN109181660A CN109181660A CN201811005660.3A CN201811005660A CN109181660A CN 109181660 A CN109181660 A CN 109181660A CN 201811005660 A CN201811005660 A CN 201811005660A CN 109181660 A CN109181660 A CN 109181660A
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- Prior art keywords
- mud
- borehole wall
- protection
- montmorillonite
- water
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/14—Clay-containing compositions
- C09K8/16—Clay-containing compositions characterised by the inorganic compounds other than clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/50—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls
- C09K8/504—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/5045—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing inorganic compounds
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
- C09K2208/12—Swell inhibition, i.e. using additives to drilling or well treatment fluids for inhibiting clay or shale swelling or disintegrating
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of borehole wall-protection mud, and the raw material of use includes following component: water, bentonite and the extra material of mass ratio 8-14:0.8-1.2:0.01；Extra material water in proportion: sodium bentonite: aluminium polychloride and sodium carbonate=600-800ml:60-80g:1.4-1.65g:1.54g mixing.Mud off effect of the invention is good, mud slurry uniform, and the viscosity ratio of upper and lower level is consistent, and churning driven not collapse hole is used in layer of sand；And viscosity is suitable, not will cause paste and bores.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to slurry coat method fields.It is more particularly related to a kind of borehole wall-protection mud and its match
Technique processed and site construction technology.
Background technique
Currently, bored pile foundation has already taken up critical role in bridge foundation engineering, as drilled pile is to big
The performance of diameter, high depth development, mud off material is increasing on drilling quality influence, at present slurry coat method on the market
Generally existing uniformity is poor, pore-forming effect difference problem.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of borehole wall-protection mud, and the viscosity ratio of mud slurry uniform, upper and lower level is consistent, and sustainability is got over
Height, pore-forming effect are better.
In order to achieve the goal above, the present invention provides a kind of borehole wall-protection mud, the raw material of use includes following component:
Water, bentonite and the extra material of mass ratio 8-14:0.8-1.2:0.01；
Extra material water in proportion: sodium bentonite: aluminium polychloride and sodium carbonate=600-800ml:60-80g:
1.4-1.65g:1.54g mixing.
Preferably, the borehole wall-protection mud, when the mud is applied to clay layer, the relative density of the mud
For 1.15-1.18, viscosity 18-22s, sand factor≤2%, percentage of water loss≤10ml/30min, colloidity >=95%, pH value 9~
10。
Preferably, the borehole wall-protection mud, when the mud be applied to easily collapse stratum when, the mud it is relatively close
Degree is 1.20-1.22, viscosity 22-28s, sand factor≤4%, percentage of water loss≤10ml/30min, colloidity >=95%, pH value 9
~10.
Preferably, the borehole wall-protection mud, raw material further include kaolin and the montmorillonite of modified processing,
In the kaolinic additional amount of modified processing be the 1/10 of bentonite quality, the additional amount of the montmorillonite of modified processing is swollen
Moisten the 1/20 of soil property amount.
A kind of preparing process of borehole wall-protection mud, using following steps:
Step 1), according to the above ratio water intaking, soil and extra material, are stirred, and stand, sufficiently merge to raw material molten
Solution obtains mud just body.
Preferably, the preparing process of the borehole wall-protection mud, further includes:
Step 2) puts into octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride in the salt water of 80 DEG C of mass fractions 4%, and quality is prepared
The modified solution is placed in sealing container, and puts into kaolin thereto by the modified solution of score 10%, is passed through into container
Nitrogen to container inner pressure reaches 0.04MPa, impregnates for 24 hours, and entire soaking process carries out in ultrasonic wave atmosphere；Wait impregnate
Finish, carries out cleaning 2-3 times with pure water, and dried, obtain the kaolin of modified processing, it is spare；
Montmorillonite is immersed in the Klorvess Liquid of mass fraction 8% by step 3), is placed in sealing container, Xiang Qi
In be filled with nitrogen to container inner pressure up to 0.05MPa, impregnate 18h, then montmorillonite is immersed in the sodium nitrate of mass fraction 12%
It in solution, is placed in sealing container, is filled with nitrogen thereto to container inner pressure up to 0.07MPa, impregnates for 24 hours；And two step leaching
Bubble process carries out in ultrasound environments, obtains the montmorillonite of modified processing, spare；
Step 4), mixing step 2) the obtained modified montmorillonoid of obtained modified kaolin, step 3) and step 1)
The first body of the mud arrived, obtains target product mud.
Preferably, the preparing process of the borehole wall-protection mud is passed through air in step 1) whipping process, so that
Raw material sufficiently merges dissolution.
A kind of site construction technology of borehole wall-protection mud, comprising:
Step A, it takes aforementioned proportion water intaking, soil and extra material investment to be equipped in container, is mixed, and on steel pile casting
It is connected to trachea road below plasma discharge hole, pours into air in previous container, so that mud-making material sufficiently merges dissolution, waits until making
The expansion of pulp material complete hydrolysis, obtains mud；
Step B, mud is poured into drilling, and the soil body for the generation that drills in boring procedure will be mixed with mud, into one
Slurry is walked, and monitors the indices of mud in boring procedure in real time；If index is unqualified, put into thereto well prepared in advance
Mud, until indices are qualified.
Mud of the invention is include at least the following beneficial effects:
1, retaining wall effect is good, and churning driven not collapse hole is used in layer of sand；
2, viscosity is suitable, not will cause paste and bores；
3, the viscosity ratio of mud slurry uniform, upper and lower level is consistent；
4, effective time is long, reusable, directly reduces cost；
5, modified solution, and high pressure hydration kaolin is prepared in octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, therein organic
Amine cation enters kaolin crystal layer space, is modified sheet surfaces, and crystal layer spacing increases, so that kaolinic interlamellar spacing
Kaolin and high molecular compatibility are increased so as to improve its hydrophobicity from increase, enhances kaolinic adsorption energy
Power can be very good other components in absorption mud raw material, complicated colloid form structure be formed, to greatly strengthen mud
Viscosity；And entire modifying process carries out in a high voltage state, and organic amine cation can be accelerated to enter kaolin crystal layer space.
6, montmorillonite is immersed in Klorvess Liquid, and ultrasound impregnates 18h under high pressure conditions, in the violent energy of ultrasound
Under amount effect and high pressure effect, potassium is rapidly feeding in the inside crystal layer space of montmorillonite, with it internal heavy metal ion into
Row ion exchange, so that the interfloor distance of montmorillonite increases, and since potassium ion diameter is smaller, inner space is easily entered, is made
It is higher to obtain ion-exchanging efficiency；Then montmorillonite high pressure is immersed in sodium nitrate solution again, further ion exchange, so that
The interfloor distance of montmorillonite further increases, and so as to improve its hydrophobicity, increases montmorillonite and high molecular compatibility, increases
The strong adsorption capacity of montmorillonite, can be very good other components in absorption mud raw material, forms complicated colloid form structure, from
And greatly strengthen the viscosity of mud；And the displacement of potassium ion, sodium ion will increase the negative electrical charge of mud surface, to adsorb band
The drilling cuttings of positive charge improves mud suspension drilling cuttings performance；
Further advantage, target and feature of the invention will be partially reflected by the following instructions, and part will also be by this
The research and practice of invention and be understood by the person skilled in the art.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, to enable those skilled in the art referring to specification
Text can be implemented accordingly.
Embodiment 1-A
A kind of borehole wall-protection mud, the raw material of use includes following component:
Water, bentonite and the extra material of mass ratio 8:0.8:0.01；
Extra material water in proportion: sodium bentonite: aluminium polychloride and sodium carbonate=600ml:60g:1.4g:
1.54g mixing.
Embodiment 1-B
A kind of preparing process of borehole wall-protection mud, using following steps:
Step 1), according to the above ratio water intaking, soil and extra material, are stirred, and stand, sufficiently merge to raw material molten
Solution obtains mud just body.
Embodiment 2-A
A kind of borehole wall-protection mud, the raw material of use includes following component:
Water, bentonite and the extra material of mass ratio 12:1.0:0.01；
Extra material water in proportion: sodium bentonite: aluminium polychloride and sodium carbonate=600-800ml:60-80g:
1.4-1.65g:1.54g mixing.
Embodiment 2-B
A kind of preparing process of borehole wall-protection mud, using following steps:
Step 1), according to the above ratio water intaking, soil and extra material, are stirred, and stand, sufficiently merge to raw material molten
Solution obtains mud just body.
Embodiment 3-A
A kind of borehole wall-protection mud, the raw material of use includes following component:
Water, bentonite and the extra material of mass ratio 14:1.2:0.01；
Extra material water in proportion: sodium bentonite: aluminium polychloride and sodium carbonate=800ml:80g:1.65g:
1.54g mixing.
Embodiment 3-B
A kind of preparing process of borehole wall-protection mud, using following steps:
Step 1), according to the above ratio water intaking, soil and extra material, are stirred, and stand, sufficiently merge to raw material molten
Solution obtains mud just body.
Embodiment 4-A
A kind of borehole wall-protection mud, the raw material of use includes following component:
Water, bentonite and the extra material of mass ratio 8:0.8:0.01；Raw material further include modified processing kaolin and
Montmorillonite, wherein the kaolinic additional amount of modified processing is the 1/10 of bentonite quality, the montmorillonite of modified processing
Additional amount is the 1/20 of bentonite quality.
Extra material water in proportion: sodium bentonite: aluminium polychloride and sodium carbonate=600ml:60g:1.4g:
1.54g mixing.
Embodiment 4-B
A kind of preparing process of borehole wall-protection mud, using following steps:
Step 1), according to the above ratio water intaking, soil and extra material, are stirred, and stand, sufficiently merge to raw material molten
Solution obtains mud just body.Air is passed through in whipping process, so that raw material sufficiently merges dissolution.
Step 2) puts into octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride in the salt water of 80 DEG C of mass fractions 4%, and quality is prepared
The modified solution is placed in sealing container, and puts into kaolin thereto by the modified solution of score 10%, is passed through into container
Nitrogen to container inner pressure reaches 0.04MPa, impregnates for 24 hours, and entire soaking process carries out in ultrasonic wave atmosphere；Wait impregnate
Finish, carries out cleaning 2-3 times with pure water, and dried, obtain the kaolin of modified processing, it is spare；
Montmorillonite is immersed in the Klorvess Liquid of mass fraction 8% by step 3), is placed in sealing container, Xiang Qi
In be filled with nitrogen to container inner pressure up to 0.05MPa, impregnate 18h, then montmorillonite is immersed in the sodium nitrate of mass fraction 12%
It in solution, is placed in sealing container, is filled with nitrogen thereto to container inner pressure up to 0.07MPa, impregnates for 24 hours；And two step leaching
Bubble process carries out in ultrasound environments, obtains the montmorillonite of modified processing, spare；
Step 4), mixing step 2) the obtained modified montmorillonoid of obtained modified kaolin, step 3) and step 1)
The first body of the mud arrived, obtains target product mud.
Embodiment 5-A
A kind of borehole wall-protection mud, the raw material of use includes following component:
Water, bentonite and the extra material of mass ratio 12:1.0:0.01；Raw material further include modified processing kaolin and
Montmorillonite, wherein the kaolinic additional amount of modified processing is the 1/10 of bentonite quality, the montmorillonite of modified processing
Additional amount is the 1/20 of bentonite quality.
Extra material water in proportion: sodium bentonite: aluminium polychloride and sodium carbonate=600-800ml:60-80g:
1.4-1.65g:1.54g mixing.
Embodiment 5-B
A kind of preparing process of borehole wall-protection mud, using following steps:
Step 1), according to the above ratio water intaking, soil and extra material, are stirred, and stand, sufficiently merge to raw material molten
Solution obtains mud just body.
Step 2) puts into octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride in the salt water of 80 DEG C of mass fractions 4%, and quality is prepared
The modified solution is placed in sealing container, and puts into kaolin thereto by the modified solution of score 10%, is passed through into container
Nitrogen to container inner pressure reaches 0.04MPa, impregnates for 24 hours, and entire soaking process carries out in ultrasonic wave atmosphere；Wait impregnate
Finish, carries out cleaning 2-3 times with pure water, and dried, obtain the kaolin of modified processing, it is spare；
Montmorillonite is immersed in the Klorvess Liquid of mass fraction 8% by step 3), is placed in sealing container, Xiang Qi
In be filled with nitrogen to container inner pressure up to 0.05MPa, impregnate 18h, then montmorillonite is immersed in the sodium nitrate of mass fraction 12%
It in solution, is placed in sealing container, is filled with nitrogen thereto to container inner pressure up to 0.07MPa, impregnates for 24 hours；And two step leaching
Bubble process carries out in ultrasound environments, obtains the montmorillonite of modified processing, spare；
Step 4), mixing step 2) the obtained modified montmorillonoid of obtained modified kaolin, step 3) and step 1)
The first body of the mud arrived, obtains target product mud.
Embodiment 6-A
A kind of borehole wall-protection mud, the raw material of use includes following component:
Water, bentonite and the extra material of mass ratio 14:1.2:0.01；Raw material further include modified processing kaolin and
Montmorillonite, wherein the kaolinic additional amount of modified processing is the 1/10 of bentonite quality, the montmorillonite of modified processing
Additional amount is the 1/20 of bentonite quality.
Extra material water in proportion: sodium bentonite: aluminium polychloride and sodium carbonate=800ml:80g:1.65g:
1.54g mixing.
Embodiment 6-B
A kind of preparing process of borehole wall-protection mud, using following steps:
Step 1), according to the above ratio water intaking, soil and extra material, are stirred, and stand, sufficiently merge to raw material molten
Solution obtains mud just body.
Step 2) puts into octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride in the salt water of 80 DEG C of mass fractions 4%, and quality is prepared
The modified solution is placed in sealing container, and puts into kaolin thereto by the modified solution of score 10%, is passed through into container
Nitrogen to container inner pressure reaches 0.04MPa, impregnates for 24 hours, and entire soaking process carries out in ultrasonic wave atmosphere；Wait impregnate
Finish, carries out cleaning 2-3 times with pure water, and dried, obtain the kaolin of modified processing, it is spare；
Montmorillonite is immersed in the Klorvess Liquid of mass fraction 8% by step 3), is placed in sealing container, Xiang Qi
In be filled with nitrogen to container inner pressure up to 0.05MPa, impregnate 18h, then montmorillonite is immersed in the sodium nitrate of mass fraction 12%
It in solution, is placed in sealing container, is filled with nitrogen thereto to container inner pressure up to 0.07MPa, impregnates for 24 hours；And two step leaching
Bubble process carries out in ultrasound environments, obtains the montmorillonite of modified processing, spare；
Step 4), mixing step 2) the obtained modified montmorillonoid of obtained modified kaolin, step 3) and step 1)
The first body of the mud arrived, obtains target product mud.
Embodiment 7
A kind of site construction technology of borehole wall-protection mud, comprising:
Step A, it takes aforementioned proportion water intaking, soil and extra material investment to be equipped in container, is mixed, and in steel pile casting
Be connected to trachea road below upper plasma discharge hole, pour into air in previous container so that mud-making material sufficiently merges dissolution, wait up to
The expansion of mud-making material complete hydrolysis, obtains mud；
Step B, mud is poured into drilling, and the soil body for the generation that drills in boring procedure will be mixed with mud, into one
Slurry is walked, and monitors the indices of mud in boring procedure in real time；If index is unqualified, put into thereto well prepared in advance
Mud, until indices are qualified.
Embodiment 8
Good at holes protecting wall effect in order to guarantee, project management department has carried out lot of experiment validation:
(1) laboratory of producer verifies
Project management department digs a well early period at bridge location, carries out assay to well water, and according to the formula of embodiment 2 and preparation side
Method, preparation obtain mud, and testing result is as follows:
Testing result shows that index is preferable, can satisfy pore-forming requirement.
(2) field laboratory's trial
For the performance of guarantee to show up bentonite and extra material, project management department samples trial, trial result in field laboratory
As shown in table 1；
Table 1
Trial meets pore-forming requirement the results show that mud index is good.
(3) drillhole validation
In the work progress of the entire pile foundation of main pier, project management department's technology, testing crew are by daily sampling to boring procedure
In and borehole cleaning mud index carry out control.Mud off works well in drilling process, and hole is examined after pore-forming and do not occur shrinkage cavity, collapse
Hole sign, drilling complete mud in metapore and still keep good performance after continuing cycling through 7 days, determine that mud can guarantee boring
Stability during hole, decentralization steel reinforcement cage, concrete placings.
The main Con trolling index of mud in hole has been determined according to test pile project management department, as shown in table 2 below:
Table 2
In pile foundation construction, mud has enough stability, and index is able to satisfy the control parameter of formulation, has good
Retaining wall effect.Meanwhile by that will drill, steel reinforcement cage decentralization, pour overall process head control in 1.5~3m；Different Strata
Using different rate of penetration；Using the 32m high gantry crane that can transfer two section steel reinforcement cages simultaneously, 2 180 type mixing plants productions
Supply concrete, to shorten the measures such as the construction time after pore-forming, ensured the well-illuminated sea main pier pile foundation of grand bridge 35# safety,
The completion of quality, schedule objective.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, but its is not only in the description and the implementation listed
With it can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, for those skilled in the art, can be easily
Realize other modification, therefore without departing from the general concept defined in the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is simultaneously unlimited
In specific details and embodiment shown and described herein.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of borehole wall-protection mud, which is characterized in that the raw material of use includes following component:
Water, bentonite and the extra material of mass ratio 8-14:0.8-1.2:0.01；
Extra material water in proportion: sodium bentonite: aluminium polychloride and sodium carbonate=600-800ml:60-80g:1.4-
1.65g:1.54g mixing.
2. borehole wall-protection mud as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that when the mud is applied to clay layer, the mud
The relative density of slurry be 1.15-1.18, viscosity 18-22s, sand factor≤2%, percentage of water loss≤10ml/30min, colloidity >=
95%, pH value 9~10.
3. borehole wall-protection mud as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that, should when the mud is applied to easily collapse stratum
The relative density of mud is 1.20-1.22, viscosity 22-28s, sand factor≤4%, percentage of water loss≤10ml/30min, colloidity
>=95%, pH value 9~10.
4. borehole wall-protection mud as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that raw material further includes the kaolin of modified processing
And montmorillonite, wherein the kaolinic additional amount of modified processing is the 1/10 of bentonite quality, the montmorillonite of modified processing
Additional amount be bentonite quality 1/20.
5. a kind of preparing process of any borehole wall-protection mud of Claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that using following
Step:
Step 1), according to the above ratio water intaking, soil and extra material, are stirred, and stand, dissolution are sufficiently merged to raw material, is obtained
The first body of mud.
6. the preparing process of borehole wall-protection mud as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that further include:
Step 2) puts into octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride in the salt water of 80 DEG C of mass fractions 4%, and mass fraction is prepared
The modified solution is placed in sealing container, and puts into kaolin thereto by 10% modified solution, and nitrogen is passed through into container
0.04MPa is reached to container inner pressure, is impregnated for 24 hours, and entire soaking process carries out in ultrasonic wave atmosphere；It finishes, uses wait impregnate
Pure water carries out cleaning 2-3 times, and is dried, and the kaolin of modified processing is obtained, spare；
Montmorillonite is immersed in the Klorvess Liquid of mass fraction 8% by step 3), is placed in sealing container, is filled thereto
Enter nitrogen to container inner pressure and impregnate 18h up to 0.05MPa, then montmorillonite is immersed in the sodium nitrate solution of mass fraction 12%
In, it is placed in sealing container, is filled with nitrogen thereto to container inner pressure up to 0.07MPa, impregnates for 24 hours；And two step impregnated
Cheng Jun is carried out in ultrasound environments, obtains the montmorillonite of modified processing, spare；
Step 4), mixing step 2) the obtained modified montmorillonoid of obtained modified kaolin, step 3) and step 1) obtain
The first body of mud, obtains target product mud.
7. borehole wall-protection mud as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that it is passed through air in step 1) whipping process, with
Raw material is set sufficiently to merge dissolution.
8. a kind of site construction technology of any borehole wall-protection mud of claims 1 to 3 characterized by comprising
Step A, it takes aforementioned proportion water intaking, soil and extra material investment to be equipped in container, is mixed, and be connected in lower vessel portion
Trachea road pours into air in previous container, so that mud-making material sufficiently merges dissolution, waits until mud-making material complete hydrolysis
Expansion, obtains mud；
Step B, mud is poured into drilling, and the soil body for the generation that drills in boring procedure will be mixed with mud, further be mixed
Slurry, and monitor the indices of mud in boring procedure in real time；If index is unqualified, mud well prepared in advance is put into thereto
Slurry, until indices are qualified.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811005660.3A CN109181660A (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2018-08-30 | Borehole wall-protection mud and its preparing process and site construction technology |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811005660.3A CN109181660A (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2018-08-30 | Borehole wall-protection mud and its preparing process and site construction technology |
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| CN109181660A true CN109181660A (en) | 2019-01-11 |
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| CN201811005660.3A Pending CN109181660A (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2018-08-30 | Borehole wall-protection mud and its preparing process and site construction technology |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110528549A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-12-03 | 中交第二航务工程局有限公司 | A kind of tension splits UHPC concrete open caisson structure and its construction method |
| CN113065842A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-07-02 | 华南理工大学 | Pile foundation construction system suitable for karst area |
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| US20030161692A1 (en) * | 2001-10-18 | 2003-08-28 | Peter Greenwood | Sealing composition and its use |
| CN103773324A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2014-05-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for improving gel forming rate of organic soil in oil-base drilling fluid mud |
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| CN113065842A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-07-02 | 华南理工大学 | Pile foundation construction system suitable for karst area |
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