CN109179655B - High-efficient biological denitrification device - Google Patents
High-efficient biological denitrification device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109179655B CN109179655B CN201811090395.3A CN201811090395A CN109179655B CN 109179655 B CN109179655 B CN 109179655B CN 201811090395 A CN201811090395 A CN 201811090395A CN 109179655 B CN109179655 B CN 109179655B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of biological treatment of nitrogen-containing wastewater, and provides a high-efficiency biological denitrification device for solving the problem that heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria compete with autotrophic AOB (argon oxygen decarburization) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria and seriously damage the denitrification performance of a system. The device has a plurality of habitats for the growth and enrichment of different ecological niche microorganisms, integrates autotrophic denitrification and heterotrophic denitrification into a whole, can effectively enrich the autotrophic denitrifying bacteria and the heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria of functional floras, and improves the biomass of the system; the impact load resistance and the adverse environment capability are strong, and the cost of adding an external carbon source and aerating is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological treatment of nitrogen-containing wastewater, in particular to a high-efficiency biological denitrification device.
Background
The nitrogen pollution and the eutrophication of the water body caused by the nitrogen pollution seriously harm people and the health of an ecological system. In order to improve the living standard of people and maintain the normal ecological function of the environment, the nitrogen in the water body needs to be treated. Among the various nitrogen-containing wastewater treatment processes, the biological denitrification process is widely applied to the denitrification treatment of various nitrogen-containing wastewater because of the advantages of high efficiency, low consumption, less secondary pollution and the like.
In a plurality of biological denitrification processes, the most applied process is the traditional nitrification-denitrification process, autotrophic nitrifying bacteria including ammonia oxidizing bacteria, nitrite oxidizing bacteria and heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria synergistically act to convert ammonia nitrogen in a water body into nitrogen, and the purpose of denitrification is achieved. However, the conventional nitrification-denitrification process has several disadvantages: 1) a large amount of air is consumed in the nitration process to maintain aerobic conditions, so that the aeration energy consumption is increased; 2) the nitrification and denitrification processes belong to acid production and alkali production processes respectively, and the aerobic nitrification process and the anaerobic denitrification process cannot effectively balance acid and alkali; 3) the denitrification process needs to consume organic matters as electron donors, and additional organic matters are needed when the wastewater with low C/N ratio is treated.
The completely autotrophic nitrogen removal process realizes short-cut nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation in the same reactor, and finally uses NH in water4N and NO2 -And the-N is respectively used as an electron donor and an electron acceptor to generate nitrogen, so that the purpose of green denitrification is realized. However, the functional bacteria group of the completely autotrophic denitrification, namely, the shortcut nitrifying bacteria and the anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria belong to aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria respectively, and the dissolved oxygen needs to be strictly controlled when the autotrophic denitrification is realized in the same reactor. Even so, nitrification and anammox, both of which are in a sub-ideal state, are in a suppressed state. In addition, nitrite oxidizing bacteria and single-step nitrifying bacteria inevitably occur in the whole autotrophic system, and nitrate nitrogen inevitably occurs.
The heterotrophic denitrification process can effectively remove nitrate in water, but the heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria, the autotrophic AOB and the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria in the same system compete to seriously damage the denitrification performance of the system. Therefore, the research and search of the integrated denitrification device of the autotrophic denitrification and heterotrophic denitrification coupling process is beneficial to the enrichment of functional flora and improves the integral denitrification capability of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the high-efficiency biological denitrification device which has strong impact load resistance and adverse environment capacity, has multiple habitats for the growth and enrichment of different ecological niche microorganisms, integrates autotrophic denitrification and heterotrophic denitrification into a whole, can effectively enrich functional flora autotrophic denitrification bacteria and heterotrophic denitrification flora, improves the biomass of a system, and greatly reduces the cost of adding an exogenous carbon source and aerating.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-efficiency biological denitrification device comprises a reactor body, and a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe which are arranged on the reactor body, and is characterized in that a first partition plate and a second partition plate are arranged in the reactor body, the first partition plate and the second partition plate are vertically distributed to divide the inner space of the reactor body into a short-cut nitrification unit, an anaerobic ammonia oxidation unit and a denitrification unit, and an aeration device is arranged in the short-cut digestion unit; the water inlet pipe is connected with the short-cut nitrification unit, and the water outlet pipe is connected with the denitrification unit.
The denitrification unit is arranged in the reactor, so that nitrates generated by the shortcut nitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation unit can be effectively removed, organic matters in the inlet water can be sufficiently removed, the control severity of the shortcut nitrification unit on conditions such as DO and temperature for eliminating nitrobacteria can be reduced, and the operation stability of the system can be effectively maintained. The shortcut nitrification unit and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation unit are separated, so that functional floras suitable for different water qualities can be enriched in different areas, and the competition effect among the floras is reduced or avoided. The device of the invention can be constructed from organic glass, steel or reinforced concrete.
Preferably, a third partition plate and a fourth partition plate are arranged in parallel in the short-cut nitrification unit, and the short-cut digestion unit is divided into a pretreatment unit, a short-cut nitrification unit low-oxygen area and a short-cut nitrification unit micro-oxygen area by the third partition plate and the fourth partition plate.
The invention arranges the pretreatment unit in the shortcut nitrification unit, can effectively control the concentration level of the organic matters and ammonia nitrogen in the inlet water, reduce the inhibition of the organic matters and free ammonia on the shortcut nitrification flora, and strengthen the shortcut nitrification performance. The short-cut nitrification unit is provided with the short-cut nitrification unit low-oxygen zone and the short-cut nitrification unit micro-oxygen zone which are connected in front and back, and the system can further reduce the aeration energy consumption on the basis of reducing the aeration consumption of more than half of the whole-cut nitrification.
Preferably, an aerobic-anaerobic transition region and an oxygen removal carrier region are arranged between the shortcut nitrification unit and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation unit, so that the inhibition effect of dissolved oxygen in a water body on anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria can be fully reduced or avoided, and the activity of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria can be effectively improved by more than 4 times.
Preferably, the deoxidizing carrier area is filled with filamentous fillers which are loosely stacked or hung and can flow through, and are used for cutting, collecting and biologically consuming residual oxygen in water, and the fillers can sufficiently intercept sludge from a shortcut nitrification unit and sludge from an anaerobic ammonia oxidation unit to form a biological membrane, so that functional flora can be retained.
Preferably, the denitrification unit is separated by a plurality of suspension filler plates to form a plurality of denitrification zone chambers and a precipitation effluent zone.
The denitrification unit is internally provided with the denitrification area chamber formed by hanging and filling isolation, so that the diversity of the habitat can be improved, the enrichment of floras adapting to different ecological niches is facilitated, and the overall operation effect of the sludge strengthening system is effectively intercepted while the reaction dead zone is reduced.
Preferably, the suspension filler plate is filled with elastic three-dimensional filler, combined filler or polyethylene net; the grid diameter of the polyethylene net is 1.0-5.0 cm.
Preferably, a first bidirectional guide pipe is arranged between the sedimentation water outlet area and the pretreatment unit; a second bidirectional flow guide pipe is arranged between the denitrification area chamber and the short-cut nitrification unit.
The arrangement of the bidirectional flow pipe can enable the device to adapt to the treatment of wastewater with different water qualities, the operation mode is improved, the flexibility of the system for treating different wastewater is increased, and the high-efficiency treatment of any high-concentration wastewater can be realized through the control theory of the flow direction and the flow rate of the bidirectional flow pipe.
Preferably, a one-way overflow valve is arranged at the junction of the first partition plate and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation unit.
Preferably, a flow-passing screen is arranged between the pretreatment unit and the short-cut nitrification unit low-oxygen zone, between the short-cut nitrification unit low-oxygen zone and the short-cut nitrification unit micro-oxygen zone, and between the short-cut nitrification unit micro-oxygen zone and the aerobic-anaerobic transition zone.
Preferably, the oxygen removal carrier region and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation unit are provided with a gas collecting device, and the oxygen is isolated by water sealing.
The application of any one of the devices in the field of nitrogen-containing wastewater treatment.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the high-efficiency biological denitrification process device has various habitats for the growth and enrichment of different ecological niche microorganisms, integrates autotrophic denitrification and heterotrophic denitrification, can effectively enrich functional flora autotrophic denitrification bacteria and heterotrophic denitrification flora, and improves the biomass of a system; the impact load resistance and the adverse environment capability are strong, and the cost of adding an external carbon source and aerating is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the high efficiency biological nitrogen removal apparatus of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a reactor body 1, a water inlet pipe 2, a water outlet pipe 3, a first partition plate 4, a second partition plate 5, a third partition plate 6, a fourth partition plate 7, an anaerobic ammonia oxidation unit 8, a denitrification unit 9, a pretreatment unit 10, a shortcut nitrification unit hypoxia zone 11, a shortcut nitrification unit hypoxia zone 12, an aerobic-anaerobic transition zone 13, an oxygen removal carrier zone 14, a suspended filler plate 15, a first denitrification zone chamber 16, a second denitrification zone chamber 17, a third denitrification zone chamber 18, a fourth denitrification zone chamber 19, a sedimentation water outlet zone 20, a first bi-directional water flow pipe 21, a second bi-directional water flow pipe 22, a one-way overflow valve 23, an overflow screen 24, a first aeration pipe 25 and a second aeration pipe 26.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further specifically described below by using specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the present invention, all the equipment and materials are commercially available or commonly used in the art, and the methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
As shown in figure 1, a high-efficiency biological denitrification device comprises a reactor body 1, a water inlet pipe 2 and a water outlet pipe 3 are arranged on the reactor body, a first partition plate 4 and a second partition plate 5 are arranged inside the reactor body, a third partition plate 6 and a fourth partition plate 7 are arranged inside the reactor body, the first partition plate and the second partition plate are vertically distributed to divide the inner space of the reactor body into a shortcut nitrification unit, an anaerobic ammonia oxidation unit 8 and a denitrification unit 9, the third partition plate and the fourth partition plate are distributed in parallel to divide a shortcut digestion unit into a pretreatment unit 10, and a shortcut nitrification unit hypoxia area 11 and a shortcut nitrification unit hypoxia area 12. An aerobic-anaerobic transition region 13 and an oxygen removal carrier region 14 are arranged between the shortcut nitrification unit and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation unit. The deoxidizing carrier area is filled with loosely piled or suspended filiform fillers which can flow through. The denitrification unit is isolated by a plurality of suspension filler plates 15, and sequentially forms a first denitrification area chamber 16, a second denitrification area chamber 17, a third denitrification area chamber 18, a fourth denitrification area chamber 19 and a precipitation water outlet area 20, wherein a water inlet pipe is connected with the pretreatment unit, and a water outlet pipe is connected with the precipitation water outlet area. A first bidirectional guide pipe 21 is arranged between the sedimentation water outlet area and the pretreatment unit; a second bidirectional flow guide pipe 22 is arranged between the second denitrification area chamber and the low oxygen area of the short-cut nitrification unit. Elastic three-dimensional filler, combined filler or polyethylene net with the diameter of 1.0-5.0 cm is filled in the suspension filler plate. A one-way overflow valve 23 is arranged at the junction of the first clapboard and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation unit. And an overflowing screen 24 is arranged between the pretreatment unit and the short-cut nitrification unit low-oxygen zone, between the short-cut nitrification unit low-oxygen zone and the short-cut nitrification unit micro-oxygen zone, and between the short-cut nitrification unit micro-oxygen zone and the aerobic-anaerobic transition zone. The oxygen removing carrier area and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation unit are provided with gas collecting devices and are sealed by water to isolate oxygen. A first aeration pipe 25 is arranged in the pretreatment unit, and a second aeration pipe 26 is arranged in the low oxygen zone of the short-cut nitrification unit. The device is constructed by organic glass, steel or reinforced concrete.
The operation principle of the high-efficiency biological denitrification device is as follows:
example 1
(1) The high ammonia nitrogen wastewater enters a pretreatment unit of the shortcut nitrification unit from a water inlet pipe on one side of the reactor body, so that the concentration levels of inlet organic matters and ammonia nitrogen are effectively controlled, the inhibition effect of the organic matters and free ammonia on shortcut nitrification flora is reduced, and the shortcut nitrification performance is enhanced; then sequentially entering a low-oxygen zone and a micro-oxygen zone of the shortcut nitrification unit through an overflow screen to complete the shortcut nitrification process of partial ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater, namely converting the ammonia nitrogen into nitrite nitrogen to obtain wastewater containing the ammonia nitrogen and the nitrite nitrogen;
(2) respectively enabling the wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen to pass through an aerobic-anaerobic transition region and an oxygen removal carrier region, and enabling the wastewater to enter an anaerobic ammonia oxidation unit for anaerobic ammonia oxidation to obtain wastewater containing partial nitrate;
(3) and the wastewater containing part of nitrate enters a first denitrification zone chamber, a second denitrification zone chamber, a third denitrification zone chamber and a fourth denitrification zone chamber of the denitrification unit through the one-way overflow valve to perform denitrification, and finally, the wastewater is discharged out of the reactor body through a water outlet pipe after the sludge is fully precipitated in the precipitation water outlet zone.
Example 2
The difference between example 2 and example 1 is: the treated object is high ammonia nitrogen wastewater containing organic carbon; by closing the first bidirectional flow pipe 21 and opening the second bidirectional flow pipe 22, part of the inlet water is shunted to the second denitrification zone chamber 17, the organic carbon source in the inlet water is fully utilized to complete denitrification, the addition of the exogenous organic carbon source is reduced, and the operation cost is saved; the rest of the process steps are completely the same.
Example 3
The difference between example 3 and example 1 is: the treated object is wastewater containing extremely high ammonia nitrogen, and the supernatant of the effluent of the precipitation effluent zone 20 is introduced into the pretreatment unit 10 by opening the first bidirectional flow pipe 21, so that the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the influent can be effectively reduced, and the inhibition of free ammonia on various functional floras of the shortcut nitrification unit can be reduced; the rest of the process steps are completely the same.
Example 4
The difference between the embodiment 4 and the embodiment 1 is that the high ammonia nitrogen wastewater with high organic carbon as the treatment object is introduced into the pretreatment unit 10 by opening the second bidirectional flow pipe 22, the heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria are introduced while the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the inlet water is reduced, the organic carbon source of the shortcut nitrification unit is reduced, and the inhibition of organic matters on the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation unit 8 can be effectively reduced or even avoided; the rest of the process steps are completely the same.
The wastewater treatment results of the embodiments 1 to 4 of the invention can realize that the ammonia nitrogen, the nitrate nitrogen and the total nitrogen in the effluent are all less than 5.0 to 10mg/L, SS reduction by more than 90 percent and effluent CODCrNot more than 30 mg/L.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A high-efficiency biological denitrification device comprises a reactor body, and a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe which are arranged on the reactor body, and is characterized in that a first partition plate and a second partition plate are arranged in the reactor body, the first partition plate and the second partition plate are vertically distributed to divide the inner space of the reactor body into a short-cut nitrification unit, an anaerobic ammonia oxidation unit and a denitrification unit, and an aeration device is arranged in the short-cut digestion unit; the water inlet pipe is connected with the short-cut nitrification unit, and the water outlet pipe is connected with the denitrification unit; a third partition plate and a fourth partition plate are arranged in the short-cut nitrification unit in parallel, and divide the short-cut digestion unit into a pretreatment unit, a short-cut nitrification unit low oxygen region and a short-cut nitrification unit micro oxygen region; the denitrification unit is isolated by a plurality of suspension filler plates to form a plurality of denitrification area chambers and a precipitation water outlet area; a first bidirectional flow guide pipe is arranged between the precipitation water outlet area and the pretreatment unit; a second bidirectional flow guide pipe is arranged between the denitrification area chamber and the low oxygen area of the short-cut nitrification unit.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein an aerobic-anaerobic transition zone and an oxygen-removing carrier zone are arranged between the shortcut nitrification unit and the anaerobic ammonium oxidation unit.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein the oxygen-removing carrier region is filled with loosely piled or suspended thread-like packing capable of flowing through.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the suspension filler plate is filled with elastic three-dimensional filler, combined filler or polyethylene net, and the diameter of the polyethylene net is 1.0-5.0 cm.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein a one-way flow valve is disposed at the junction of the first partition and the anammox unit.
6. The device of claim 2, wherein an overflow screen is arranged between the pretreatment unit and the shortcut nitrification unit hypoxic region, between the shortcut nitrification unit hypoxic region and the shortcut nitrification unit micro-oxygen region, and between the shortcut nitrification unit micro-oxygen region and the aerobic-anaerobic transition region.
7. The device according to any one of claims 2, 3 or 6, wherein the oxygen-removing carrier region and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation unit are provided with gas collecting devices and are sealed by water to isolate oxygen.
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