CN109175684A - 一种镍基合金材料与不锈钢材料激光焊接工艺 - Google Patents

一种镍基合金材料与不锈钢材料激光焊接工艺 Download PDF

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CN109175684A
CN109175684A CN201811014411.0A CN201811014411A CN109175684A CN 109175684 A CN109175684 A CN 109175684A CN 201811014411 A CN201811014411 A CN 201811014411A CN 109175684 A CN109175684 A CN 109175684A
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welding
laser welding
stainless steel
nickel
laser
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张绍森
于杰
邹森
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Jin Yonghe Seiko Manufacturing Ltd By Share Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/18Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using absorbing layers on the workpiece, e.g. for marking or protecting purposes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20Bonding
    • B23K26/21Bonding by welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/60Preliminary treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/02Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种镍基合金材料与不锈钢材料激光焊接工艺,它属于激光焊接领域,该工艺步骤如下:(1)、将阀板和稳定块定位好,焊接前需要对上方的稳定块施加压力;(2)、利用激光焊接设备进行焊接,激光功率800‑3000W,焊接速度45‑60mm/s,光斑为0.2mm;(3)、利用声音信号采集传感器采集金属蒸汽和等离子体从焊缝中喷射出来的具有特定频率段的可听声信号;(4)、焊接过程中,焊接区通入惰性气体保护,惰性气体采用氦气,流量控制在30‑46sccm,该工艺能够充分发挥激光焊接高效高度的优势,同时保证镍基高温合金与不锈钢激光焊接的质量。

Description

一种镍基合金材料与不锈钢材料激光焊接工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及激光焊接领域,具体涉及一种镍基合金材料与不锈钢材料激光焊接工艺。
背景技术
镍基高温合金具有很好的机械和耐腐蚀性能,常用于精密配件,由于镍基高温合金含镍量较高,在与不锈钢管材料焊接时的焊接性很差,尤其是对焊接热输入非常敏感,传统焊接工艺存在大量的焊接问题,如氩弧焊的焊透性差、焊接热变形大、焊接结晶裂纹敏感、焊接组织不均匀等缺点。
激光焊接具有焊接功率密度高、热影响区和热变形小、焊缝深宽比大、焊接速度快等优点,然而激光焊接过程是一个快速加热和冷却的过程,焊接熔池在凝固过程中液态金属的过冷度很大,属于非平衡凝固,焊缝形成过程中极易产生空位、微孔洞、热影响区液化裂纹以及合金成分的局部偏析等缺陷,而且目前国内外学者在镍基高温合金与不锈钢激光焊接方面的研究大多处于实验室阶段,很少用于实际生产,其中一个原因就是激光焊接过程中激光束的直径一般都很小(0.1-0.3mm),对焊接装配间隙要求高,稍有偏差就会造成不稳定的焊接过程,此外,焊接参数等因素也会影响激光焊接的稳定性,最重要的是,镍基合金材料跟不锈钢材料内部晶粒结构偏差大,导致焊接难道非常高。
本方案具体针对一种涡轮增压旁通阀零部件的激光焊接工艺,该旁通阀具体结构包括阀板1(不锈钢)、连接件2和稳定块3(镍基高温合金),连接件2套装在阀板1中心的轴体上,稳定块3也套装在阀板1的轴体上并防止连接件2从轴体上脱落,需要焊接的地方则为稳定块3与轴体的连接处4。
有鉴于上述现有技术存在的问题,本发明结合相关领域多年的设计及使用经验,辅以过强的专业知识,设计制造了一种镍基合金材料与不锈钢材料激光焊接工艺,来克服上述缺陷,充分发挥激光焊接高效高度的优势,同时保证镍基高温合金与不锈钢激光焊接的质量。
发明内容
对于现有技术中所存在的问题,本发明提供的一种镍基合金材料与不锈钢材料激光焊接工艺,能够充分发挥激光焊接高效高度的优势,同时保证镍基高温合金与不锈钢激光焊接的质量。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种镍基合金材料与不锈钢材料激光焊接工艺,该工艺步骤如下:
(1)、将阀板和稳定块定位好,焊接前需要对上方的稳定块施加压力;
(2)、利用激光焊接设备进行焊接,激光功率800-3000W,焊接速度45-60mm/s,光斑为0.2mm;
(3)、利用声音信号采集传感器采集金属蒸汽和等离子体从焊缝中喷射出来的具有特定频率段的可听声信号;
(4)、焊接过程中,焊接区通入惰性气体保护,惰性气体采用氦气,流量控制在30-46sccm。
作为优选的技术方案,所述阀板和稳定块的连接处间隙为0.1-0.3mm,所述激光光斑焦点设置在连接处间隙位置。
作为优选的技术方案,所述稳定块的厚度设为3-5mm,所述激光功率800-3000W的熔深为1.2-4mmm。
作为优选的技术方案,所述声音信号采集传感器为声望声电技术有限公司的前置放大器的MPA416型驻极体式声传感器,其响应频率为20-20kHz。
该发明的有益之处在于:
(1)本发明通过控制激光功率、光斑大小和焊接速度结合特定的惰性气体,保证了焊接质量。
(2)由于焊接过程中的可听声信号与焊接等离子体、焊缝和焊接熔池的形态存在着密不可分的联系,因此通过声音信号采集传感器对可听声信号的监测来监控激光焊接的质量和焊接过程的稳定性。
(3)本发明焊接速度快、且经过金相图观察无任何缺陷、焊接工艺性能良好。
附图说明
图1为本发明产品焊接后的四格金相图;
图2为本发明焊接过程可听声信号处理后的结果图;
图3为本发明需要焊接的产品图。
图中:1-阀板、2-连接件、3-稳定块、4-连接处。
具体实施方式
为了便于本领域技术人员理解,下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
一种镍基合金材料与不锈钢材料激光焊接工艺,该工艺步骤如下:
(1)、将阀板1和稳定块3定位好,焊接前需要对上方的稳定块3施加压力,避免在焊接过程中出现窜动;
(2)、利用激光焊接设备进行焊接,激光功率800-3000W,焊接速度45-60mm/s,光斑为0.2mm,本发明阀板1和稳定块3的连接处4间隙为0.1-0.3mm,激光光斑的焦点设置在连接处4间隙位置,随着机械手臂的转圈完成连接处4的激光焊接;
(3)、由于焊接过程中的可听声信号与焊接等离子体、焊缝和焊接熔池的形态存在着密不可分的联系,本发明利用声音信号采集传感器采集金属蒸汽和等离子体从焊缝中喷射出来的具有特定频率段的可听声信号,来监控激光焊接的质量和焊接过程的稳定性;
(4)、焊接过程中,焊接区通入惰性气体保护,惰性气体采用氦气,流量控制在30-46sccm,本发明氦气不易电离。
由于镍基合金材料与不锈钢材料本身各金属分布不均会引起焊接缺陷,因此通过声音信号采集传感器采集可听声信号处理,声音信号采集传感器为声望声电技术有限公司的前置放大器的MPA416型驻极体式声传感器,其响应频率为20-20kHz,将获得的焊接声信号进行读取、实时显示,若出现焊接缺陷,则通过处理后显示出来,本发明仅以焊接穿孔为例,其处理后的结果如图2所示。
进一步对产品进行抽样通过金相图观察焊接质量,如图1所示,焊接处熔深3.5-4.5之间,无任何焊接缺陷。
应当理解,这些实施例的用途仅用于说明本发明而非意欲限制本发明的保护范围。此外,也应理解,在阅读了本发明的技术内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明做各种改动、修改和/或变型,所有的这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种镍基合金材料与不锈钢材料激光焊接工艺,其特征在于:该工艺步骤如下:
(1)、将阀板和稳定块定位好,焊接前需要对上方的稳定块施加压力;
(2)、利用激光焊接设备进行焊接,激光功率800-3000W,焊接速度45-60mm/s,光斑为0.2mm;
(3)、利用声音信号采集传感器采集金属蒸汽和等离子体从焊缝中喷射出来的具有特定频率段的可听声信号;
(4)、焊接过程中,焊接区通入惰性气体保护,惰性气体采用氦气,流量控制在30-46sccm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种镍基合金材料与不锈钢材料激光焊接工艺,其特征在于:所述阀板和稳定块的连接处间隙为0.1-0.3mm,所述激光光斑焦点设置在连接处间隙位置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种镍基合金材料与不锈钢材料激光焊接工艺,其特征在于:所述稳定块的厚度设为3-5mm,所述激光功率800-3000W的熔深为1.2-4mmm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种镍基合金材料与不锈钢材料激光焊接工艺,其特征在于:所述声音信号采集传感器为声望声电技术有限公司的前置放大器的MPA416型驻极体式声传感器,其响应频率为20-20kHz。
CN201811014411.0A 2018-08-31 2018-08-31 一种镍基合金材料与不锈钢材料激光焊接工艺 Pending CN109175684A (zh)

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