Wheel hub casting mould
Technical Field
The invention relates to manufacturing of aluminum alloy wheel hubs, in particular to a wheel hub casting die.
Background
The hub is a component for connecting a tire and a shaft of a vehicle, and the hub of a high-grade vehicle is mainly made of aluminum alloy which is generally cast by pouring liquid aluminum alloy on a hub mould. For example, the chinese patent publication No. CN1060971A discloses a "wheel hub casting mold", which includes an upper mold mechanism and a lower mold mechanism; the upper die mechanism and the lower die mechanism are closed to form a hub cake cavity; the lower die mechanism comprises a lower die, a sprue of the lower die and a sprue of the lower die; the lower die is cake-shaped, a circular groove is formed in the top of the lower die, a pattern convex part is arranged in the circular groove, and the outer side of the circular groove is radially connected with a pouring gate slot; the lower die pouring gate is arranged below the pouring gate slotted hole, the diffluence cone is arranged above the pouring gate slotted hole, and the cone tail of the diffluence cone is arranged opposite to the lower die pouring gate.
In the hub casting, molten aluminum is injected into a cavity for molding, and then the molding is cooled to obtain a finished product, wherein the mechanical property of the hub obtained by casting is generally poor. In addition, because the mould of the wheel hub is composed of an upper mould, a lower mould and a side mould, one end of the wheel hub with a web plate is positioned at the lower part of the mould, the free end at the other end is positioned at the upper part of the mould, and the edge of the free end is provided with an edge riser, the edge is thinner and is the part for cooling and solidifying finally, therefore, the water cooling is quick and easy to generate casting defects such as bubbles, shrinkage porosity and the like at the edge of the wheel hub; also in this case the rim at the free end of the casting easily becomes oval after demoulding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art, and provides a hub casting mold, which ensures the density of molten aluminum in the casting process, enables a hub to be stressed uniformly and improves the strength of the hub.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a wheel hub casting mould, includes the die block board, sets up die block, top mould and a plurality of side form on the die block board, and die block, top mould and a plurality of side form the die cavity that is used for forming wheel hub, and the runner sets up in the lower part of die block and passes die block board, its characterized in that: the pouring gate structure is characterized in that a pouring pipe is connected below the pouring gate, the pouring pipe is communicated with a gas input pipe, an inert gas storage device and a gas input pump for inputting inert gas into a cavity are arranged on the gas input pipe, an aluminum liquid storage device and an aluminum liquid pouring pump are arranged on the pouring pipe, a first valve and a second valve are sequentially arranged on the pouring pipe along the outward direction of the cavity, the volume formed between the first valve and the second valve inside the pouring pipe is the aluminum liquid volume required by one-time pouring of the hub, a third valve is arranged on the gas input pipe close to the pouring pipe, an exhaust pipe is communicated with the position of the pouring pipe close to the first valve, and a fourth valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe.
As an improvement, be provided with the water-cooling passageway in the die block, the bottom of side form is provided with the guide rail, every side form is connected with a sliding cylinder, set up a jet-propelled passageway that link up in the side form, the outside of side form is provided with a jet-propelled system of being connected with jet-propelled passageway, it is provided with a bulb that is used for shutoff jet-propelled passageway to lie in the rotation of being close to die cavity department in the side form, it has a connecting rod to extend on the bulb, the outer end of connecting rod is formed with an action board, be formed with in the side form and be used for the fan-shaped chamber that the connecting rod sweeps and be used for the arc cavity that the action board sweeps in the bulb rotation process, set up the communicating perforating hole with jet-propelled passageway on the bulb, be provided with. In the process of casting the wheel hub, the pushing assembly presses the acting plate onto one side wall of the arc-shaped cavity, and the outer wall of the ball head seals the air injection channel; after the hub is cast, the side die is opened under the action of the sliding cylinder, meanwhile, the pushing assembly presses the acting plate onto the other side wall opposite to the arc-shaped cavity, the through hole in the ball head is communicated with the air injection channel in the side die, the air injection system introduces refrigerated inert gas into the air injection channel, the cooler inert gas is injected to the thinner part at the upper end of the hub through the through hole of the ball head for cooling, meanwhile, cooling water is introduced into the cooling water channel on the bottom die to cool the thicker area at the bottom of the hub, and thus, the last cooling and solidifying part at the uppermost end of the hub casting is cooled at the same time, and therefore, the casting defects such as bubbles, shrinkage porosity and the like at the edge of the upper end of the hub are avoided; moreover, when the uppermost end of the casting is sufficiently cooled and solidified, the rim at the uppermost end is not easy to have an oval shape after being demoulded.
And the pushing assembly comprises a first electromagnet arranged on one side wall of the arc-shaped cavity and a second electromagnet arranged on the other side wall opposite to the arc-shaped cavity, the first electromagnet is opposite to one side of the acting plate, the second electromagnet is opposite to the other side of the acting plate, and the acting plate has magnetism. When the air injection channel needs to be blocked by the ball head, the first electromagnet is powered on, the second electromagnet is powered off, the action plate is close to the first electromagnet, the ball head is driven to rotate by the action plate under the action of the connecting rod, so that the through hole in the ball head and the air injection channel in the side mold are staggered with each other, the blocking of the air injection channel is realized, and the cavity wall for forming the outer wall of the hub is formed on part of the outer wall of the ball head; when the thin portion of wheel hub upper portion needs to be cooled down simultaneously, the second electro-magnet is electrified, and first electro-magnet loses the electricity, acts on the board along arc cavity reverse motion, and the bulb rotates, and when perforating hole and the jet-propelled passageway intercommunication on the bulb, colder inert gas spouts the thin portion of wheel hub upper end through the perforating hole of bulb and cools down for the original portion that the last cooling of the top of wheel hub foundry goods solidifies also obtains the cooling water course simultaneously along the cooling.
And the pushing assembly comprises a first electromagnetic valve, a second electromagnetic valve and a third electromagnetic valve, the air injection channel is communicated with one side wall of the arc-shaped cavity to form a communicating channel, the air injection channel is communicated with the other side wall opposite to the arc-shaped cavity to form a closing channel, the first electromagnetic valve is arranged on the air injection channel, the second electromagnetic valve is arranged on the communicating channel, and the third electromagnetic valve is arranged on the closing channel. When the air injection channel needs to be opened, the second electromagnetic valve is opened firstly, inert gas enters the air injection channel, the inert gas acts on one side wall of the acting plate through the communicating channel, so that the ball head is pushed to rotate, when the through hole in the ball head is communicated with the air injection channel, the first electromagnetic valve is also opened, and the cooled inert gas is simultaneously sprayed to a thinner area on the upper part of the hub through the through hole, so that the hub is uniformly cooled as much as possible, and the strength of the hub is improved; when the air injection channel needs to be closed, the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve are closed, meanwhile, the third electromagnetic valve is opened, high-pressure air generated by the air injection system acts on the other side wall of the acting plate through the closing channel, the ball head rotates reversely, and therefore the air injection channel is blocked by the outer wall of the ball head.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: in order to prevent the contact between the aluminum liquid and the air in the casting process, simultaneously realize constant pressure casting and ensure the density of the aluminum liquid, the invention firstly opens a first valve, a second valve, a third valve and a fourth valve, a gas input pump slowly and continuously inputs inert gas into a cavity, the original air in the cavity is discharged by the inert gas, the cavity is filled with the inert gas, thereby preventing the aluminum liquid from contacting with the air when entering the cavity, then the first valve and the third valve are closed, the fourth valve is opened, the aluminum liquid casting pump injects the aluminum liquid into a casting pipe between the first valve and the second valve, then the first valve and the third valve are opened, the fourth valve is closed, the inert gas presses the aluminum liquid in the casting pipe into the cavity under the action of the gas input pump, and at the same time, the inert gas in the cavity is discharged along with the entering of the aluminum liquid, the gas input pump generates a constant pressure in the cavity, and the aluminum liquid in the cavity is acted by a constant pressure, so that the aluminum liquid in each part of the hub in the cavity is uniformly distributed, the molecular pore in the aluminum alloy is reduced, the strength is improved, and the uniform stress of the hub is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a hub casting mold in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an air injection channel on a side die in a hub casting die in a closed state in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an air injection channel on a side die in a hub casting die in an open state according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the hub casting mold in this embodiment includes a bottom mold plate 1, a bottom mold 2, a top mold 4, a plurality of side molds 3, a pouring pipe 5, a gas inlet pipe 51, an inert gas storage 512, a gas inlet pump 511, an aluminum liquid storage 502, an aluminum liquid pouring pump 501, a first valve 61, a second valve 62, a third valve 63, a fourth valve 64, an exhaust pipe 52, a water cooling channel 21, a guide rail, a sliding cylinder, a gas injection system, a ball head 71, a connecting rod 72, an acting plate 73, and a pushing assembly.
Wherein, the bottom die 2 is arranged on the bottom die plate 1, the bottom die 2, the top die 4 and the plurality of side dies 3 form a cavity 41 for forming the wheel hub, the pouring gate 22 is arranged at the lower part of the bottom die 2 and passes through the bottom die plate 1, the pouring pipe 5 is connected below the pouring gate 22, the pouring pipe 5 is communicated with a gas input pipe 51, an inert gas storage 512 and a gas input pump 511 for inputting inert gas into the cavity 41 are arranged on the gas input pipe 51, an aluminum liquid storage 502 and an aluminum liquid pouring pump 501 are arranged on the pouring pipe 51, a first valve 61 and a second valve 62 are sequentially arranged on the pouring pipe 5 along the outward direction of the cavity 41, the volume formed between the first valve 61 and the second valve 62 in the pouring pipe 5 is the aluminum liquid volume required by one-time wheel hub pouring, a third valve 63 is arranged on the gas input pipe 51 near the pouring pipe 5, and a vent pipe 52 is communicated on the pouring pipe 5 near the first valve 61, a fourth valve 64 is provided on the exhaust pipe 52.
In addition, in order to realize reasonable cooling of the wheel hub, a water cooling channel 21 is arranged in the bottom die 2, guide rails are arranged at the bottoms of the side dies 3, each side die 3 is connected with a sliding cylinder, a through air injection channel 31 is arranged in each side die 3, an air injection system connected with the air injection channel 31 is arranged outside each side die 3, a ball head 71 used for blocking the air injection channel 31 is rotatably arranged in the position, close to the cavity 41, in each side die 3, a connecting rod 72 extends on the ball head 71, an acting plate 73 is formed at the outer end of each connecting rod 72, a fan-shaped cavity 32 used for sweeping the connecting rod 72 and an arc-shaped cavity 33 used for sweeping the acting plate 73 are formed in each side die 3 in the rotating process of the ball head 71, a through hole 711 communicated with the air injection channel 31 is formed in each ball head 71, and a pushing assembly used for pushing the ball head 71 to rotate. In the hub casting process, the pushing assembly presses the acting plate 73 onto one side wall of the arc-shaped cavity 33, and the outer wall of the ball head 71 seals the air injection channel 31; after the hub is cast and the hub needs to be cooled, firstly, the thicker part at the lower end of the bottom of the hub casting is cooled by water cooling, then the side die 3 is opened under the action of the sliding cylinder, meanwhile, the pushing assembly presses the acting plate 73 onto the other side wall opposite to the arc-shaped cavity 33, the through hole 711 on the ball head 71 is communicated with the air injection channel 31 on the side die 3, the air injection system introduces the refrigerated inert gas into the air injection channel 31, the cooler inert gas is injected to the thinner part at the upper end of the hub through the through hole 711 of the ball head 71 for cooling, and simultaneously, the cooling water is introduced into the cooling water channel 21 on the bottom die 2 to realize the cooling of the thicker area at the bottom of the hub, so that the last cooled and solidified part at the top of the hub casting is also cooled, therefore, the casting defects of bubbles, shrinkage porosity and the like at the edge of the upper end of, moreover, under the condition that the uppermost end of the hub casting is sufficiently cooled and solidified, the rim at the uppermost end is not easy to have an oval phenomenon after being demoulded.
Further, the pushing assembly of the present invention may take a variety of forms.
First, the pushing assembly of the present invention includes a first electromagnet disposed on one side wall of the arc-shaped cavity 33 and a second electromagnet disposed on the other side wall of the arc-shaped cavity 33 opposite to the first electromagnet, the first electromagnet is opposite to one side of the acting plate 73, the second electromagnet is opposite to the other side of the acting plate 73, and the acting plate has magnetism. When the air injection channel 31 needs to be plugged by the ball head 71, the first electromagnet is powered on, the second electromagnet is powered off, the acting plate 73 is close to the first electromagnet, the acting plate 73 drives the ball head 71 to rotate under the action of the connecting rod 72, so that the through hole 711 in the ball head 71 and the air injection channel 31 in the side die 3 are staggered with each other, the air injection channel 31 is plugged, and a cavity wall for forming the outer wall of the hub is formed on part of the outer wall of the ball head 71; when the thin part of the upper part of the hub needs to be cooled simultaneously, the second electromagnet is powered on, the first electromagnet is powered off, the action plate 73 moves reversely along the arc-shaped cavity 33, the ball head 71 rotates, and when the through hole 711 in the ball head 71 is communicated with the air injection channel 31, the cold inert gas is injected to the thin part of the upper end of the hub through the through hole of the ball head to be cooled, so that the last cooling and solidifying part of the original uppermost end of the hub casting is cooled along with the cooling water channel.
Secondly, the pushing assembly of the present invention includes a first solenoid valve, a second solenoid valve and a third solenoid valve, the air injection passage 31 is communicated with one side wall of the arc-shaped cavity 33 to form a communication passage 81, the air injection passage 31 is communicated with the other side wall opposite to the arc-shaped cavity 33 to form a closing passage, the first solenoid valve is disposed on the air injection passage 31, the second solenoid valve is disposed on the communication passage 81, and the third solenoid valve is disposed on the closing passage. When the air injection channel 31 needs to be opened, the second electromagnetic valve is opened firstly, inert gas enters the air injection channel 31, the inert gas acts on one side wall of the acting plate 73 through the communication channel 81, so that the ball head 71 is pushed to rotate, when the through hole 711 in the ball head 71 is communicated with the air injection channel 31, the first electromagnetic valve is also opened, and the cooled inert gas is simultaneously sprayed to a thinner area at the upper part of the hub through the through hole 711, so that the hub is uniformly cooled as much as possible, and the strength of the hub is improved; when the air injection channel 31 needs to be closed, the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve are closed, meanwhile, the third electromagnetic valve is opened, high-pressure air generated by the air injection system acts on the other side wall of the acting plate 73 through the closed channel, so that the ball head 71 rotates reversely, and the air injection channel 31 is blocked by the outer wall of the ball head 71.
In conclusion, in order to prevent the contact between the aluminum liquid and the air in the casting process, and simultaneously, realize the constant pressure casting and ensure the density of the aluminum liquid, in the casting process, the first valve 61, the second valve 62, the third valve 63 and the fourth valve 64 are firstly opened, the gas input pump 511 slowly and continuously inputs the inert gas into the cavity 41, the original air in the cavity 41 is discharged by the inert gas, the cavity 41 is filled with the inert gas, so that the contact between the aluminum liquid and the air when the aluminum liquid enters the cavity 41 is isolated, then, the first valve 61 and the third valve 63 are closed, the fourth valve 64 is opened, the aluminum liquid casting pump injects the aluminum liquid into the casting pipe 5 between the first valve 61 and the second valve 62, then, the first valve 61 and the third valve 63 are opened, the fourth valve 64 is closed, the inert gas presses the aluminum liquid in the casting pipe 5 into the cavity 41 under the action of the gas input pump 511, meanwhile, inert gas in the cavity 41 is discharged along with the entering of the aluminum liquid, the gas input pump 511 generates a constant pressure in the cavity 41, the aluminum liquid in the cavity 41 is acted by a constant pressure, so that the aluminum liquid in each part of the aluminum liquid in the hub in the cavity 41 is uniformly distributed, the molecular pores in the aluminum alloy are reduced, the strength is improved, and the uniform stress of the hub is ensured.