CN109174094A - A kind of preparation method and application of Rutile Type solid-solution material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method and application of Rutile Type solid-solution material Download PDFInfo
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- CN109174094A CN109174094A CN201811087080.3A CN201811087080A CN109174094A CN 109174094 A CN109174094 A CN 109174094A CN 201811087080 A CN201811087080 A CN 201811087080A CN 109174094 A CN109174094 A CN 109174094A
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method and applications of Rutile Type solid-solution material, and with SnxTi1‑xO2Solid solution is that catalyst carrier uses infusion process load Ru that Ru/Sn is preparedxTi1‑xO2Catalyst and its application in CO catalytic oxidation, the field NO, HCs.The present invention prepares Rutile Type Sn using one step hydro thermal method simplicityxTi1‑xO2Solid solution, can by Rutile Type SnxTi1‑ xO2Solid solution directly forms uniform nano particle from precursor solution and single Rutile Type is presented, and Sn/Ti ratio is adjustable, and oxidation efficiency is up to 90% or more.Compared to the Sn of coprecipitation preparationxTi1‑xO2For solid solution, the Sn of step hydro-thermal preparationxTi1‑ xO2Solid solution nano particles are uniform, and crystallinity is preferable, simple process, do not need to carry out subsequent heat treatment, catalytic conversion height nearly 40%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to material preparations and applied technical field, specially a step hydro-thermal to prepare Rutile Type SnxTi1-xO2Gu
Solution, then with SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution is carrier, obtains Ru/Sn using infusion process load active component RuxTi1-xO2Catalyst
And its application of CO catalytic oxidation, NO and HCs.
Background technique
Diesel vehicle has the advantages such as oil consumption is low, the thermal efficiency is high, stability is good, therefore is widely used in communications and transportation and engineering
The fields such as machinery.The tail gas of emission of diesel engine contains carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbon (HCs) and
Grain object (PM), these ingredients cause to seriously endanger to environment and human body.In order to make exhaust gas from diesel vehicle discharge reach Environmental Protection Department
" light-duty vehicle pollutant emission limit and measurement method (Chinese 6th the stage) " standard announced, should carry out exhaust gas from diesel vehicle
It can be discharged after processing.The exhaust gas from diesel vehicle after-treatment system generallyd use at present includes oxidation catalyzer (DOC), selectively urges
Change reduction technique (SCR) and grain catcher (DPF).DOC is mainly made of shell, buffer layer and catalyst.DOC can be by bavin
CO and HCs in oily tail gas are converted into CO2And H2O;NO is oxidized to NO2, NO2It can be used as the raw material of subsequent SCR reaction,
Promote the progress of SCR reaction;DOC can be with the organic principle on oxidation particle object, to reduce the discharge of particulate matter.DOC is urged
Agent decides the main performance index of DOC, is the core component of DOC.
Traditional DOC catalyst is loaded catalyst, and common catalyst carrier is mostly Al2O3、TiO2、CeO2Deng often
Catalyst activity component is mostly noble metal platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), but Pt, Pd, Rh are expensive, thermal stability
Difference, resistance to poison difference etc. limit its extensive use.Development of ruthenium (Ru) the base catalyst in terms of CO catalytic oxidation, NO, HCs compared with
Pt, Pd, Rh evening.In recent years, research show that Ru base catalyst activity is suitable with other noble metal catalysts, and Ru stablizes
Property is good, resistance to poison is strong, relative low price.RuO2There are (110) and (100) crystal faces of easy exposure, are coordinated unsaturated Ru
Adsorption reaction species are easy, oxidation reaction then occurs with neighbouring bridge joint oxygen and generates oxidation product for the reaction species of absorption, and
From RuO2It is desorbed on crystal face, loses the RuO of bridge joint oxygen2Crystal face is by the O in atmosphere2Oxidation, to complete entire catalysis oxidation mistake
Journey, meet typical catalytic oxidation-reduction mechanism (bibliography: Hess H, Chemical Reviews, 2012,43 (33):
3356-3426.).Therefore Ru base catalyst has the performance of preferable CO catalytic oxidation, NO, HCs.Dai etc. uses coprecipitation
It is prepared for Ti-CeO2Carrier is used to be catalyzed chlorobenzene, as a result table by just moistening dip loading different noble metal Ru, Pt, Pd, Rh
It is bright,
1%Ru/Ti-CeO2The activity of catalysis chlorobenzene compares 1%Pt/Ti-CeO2, 1%Pd/Ti-CeO2, 1%Rh/Ti-
CeO2Activity it is good.Due to chlorine species are adsorbed on the active site of Pt, Pd, Rh base catalyst, make catalyst poisoning rapidly
Inactivation, and chlorine species are adsorbed on Ru base active catalyst sites and form Cl2And be desorbed, Ru base catalyst can be recycled, up to
7h non-inactivation (bibliography: Dai Q, etal, Applied Catalysis B Environmental, 2013,142-143
(5):222-233.).So Ru base catalyst has excellent antitoxin performance.Therefore Ru base catalyst has in DOC catalytic field
There is vast potential for future development.
Ru is noble metal after all, should be supported on the carrier of certain specific surface area, to improve its catalytic activity.RuO2And gold
Red stone phase TiO2With similar lattice parameter, RuO2It is highly dispersible in TiO2Catalysis oxidation ability is improved in turn and is urged in surface
Agent stable structure can be recycled.However, Rutile Type TiO2Smaller (the 60.8m of specific surface area2/ g), thermal stability compared with
Difference.TiO2And SnO2All have Rutile Type, similar structure and electronic property (Rutile Type TiO2: 3.06ev, SnO2:
3.6ev), and ionic radius and the close (Ti of lattice parameter4+: 0.68A, Sn4+: 0.71A;Lattice parameter, TiO2: a=
0.4593nm, c=0.2959nm, SnO2: a=0.4737nm, c=0.3360nm), so being capable of forming SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution
Body.Research is found to TiO2Middle introducing Sn element forms SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution can increase its specific surface area, improve thermal stability
And catalytic activity.Due to Rutile Type SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution has better structural stability and thermostabilization compared with Anatase
Property, most of study limitation is in first preparing Anatase Sn by coprecipitationxTi1-xO2Solid solution, then by subsequent thermal
Science and engineering skill is converted into Rutile Type SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution, complicated for operation, the Shortcomings in technique.Moreover, with Ru/
SnxTi1-xO2Catalyst is rarely reported as the application study of the oxidation of DOC catalyst CO, NO, HCs.The present invention uses a step
Hydro-thermal prepares Rutile Type SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution is not required to carry out subsequent heat treatment, simple process, then with SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution
Body is carrier loaded Ru, obtains a kind of novel Ru/SnxTi1-xO2Nanostructured materials catalyst, be used for CO catalytic oxidation, NO,
The field HCs.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency of current material and technology, the present invention provides a step hydro-thermals to prepare Rutile Type SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution
The method of body, then with SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution is carrier, obtains a kind of novel Ru/Sn using infusion process load RuxTi1-xO2It urges
Agent is applied to DOC catalytic field, the single Rutile Type Sn of the simple and easy i.e. one-step synthesis of preparation methodxTi1-xO2Solid solution
Body is not required to carry out subsequent heat treatment, and the product nanometer homogeneity obtained is high, better crystallinity degree, to overcome current material and technology
Deficiency.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs: a step hydro-thermal prepares Rutile Type
SnxTi1-xO2The method of solid solution, includes the following steps:
1) after being sufficiently mixed titanium source and tin source aqueous solution, reaction solution is obtained, and control titanium source and tin source in reaction solution
Total concentration be 0.1~0.6mol/L;
2) reaction solution is heated to 120~220 DEG C of progress hydro-thermal reactions, 6~96h of the hydro-thermal reaction time, after reaction
Obtain suspension;
3) suspension is subjected to centrifugal dehydration, takes suspension, dried after suspension is washed, obtain suspended particulate substance, it will
Suspended particulate substance is ground into powder to obtain the adjustable Rutile Type Sn of Sn/Ti ratioxTi1-xO2Solid-solution powder, wherein 0 < x <
1。
The titanium source is butyl titanate, isopropyl titanate, titanyl sulfate or titanium tetrachloride;The tin source is four chlorinations
Tin, stannous chloride or stannous sulfate.
Adopt the Rutile Type SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution prepares Ru/SnxTi1-xO2The method of catalyst, by Rutile Type
SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution is immersed in the RuCl that mass percent concentration is 1~10%31~3h of solution, will load after the completion of dipping
RuCl3SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution is dried, then by its 200~600 DEG C of roasting 3h in air atmosphere, heating rate
For 3~10 DEG C/min, Ru/Sn is obtainedxTi1-xO2Catalyst.
Rutile Type SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution is immersed in RuCl3When in solution, using ultrasonic immersing.
By Ru/SnxTi1-xO2Catalyst is fitted into the quartz ampoule of fixed bed reactors;Utilize Ru/SnxTi1-xO2It is catalyzed oxygen
Change CO, NO and HCs, generates CO2、NO2And H2O。
Ru/SnxTi1-xO2Applying for catalyst carries out in continuous current flow fixed bed reactor.Reaction gas volume ratio CO
0.1%, NO 0.08%, C3H80.05% and O25%, N2For Balance Air, total flow 1L/min.Air speed is 60000h-1, tail
Gas connection flue gas analyzer (KM9106) is detected.The catalyst of 1g is fitted into fixed bed quartz ampoule.N is passed through before reaction2It is right
Catalyst is pre-processed, and the catalyst activity under temperature controller measurement different temperatures is adjusted when reaction.CO, NO and HCs's
Conversion ratio (x) is acquired by formula (1)
In formula, cinFor initial concentration, coutFor the instant concentration at a temperature of certain.
Beneficial effect
Compared with prior art, the present invention prepares single Rutile Type Sn using one step hydro thermal method simplicityxTi1-xO2Solid solution
Body, can be effectively by Rutile Type SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution directly forms uniform nano particle from precursor solution and is in
Existing single Rutile Type, therefore crystal phase is single, and Sn/Ti ratio is adjustable, compared to coprecipitation, nano particle is uniform, knot
Brilliant degree is preferable, does not need to carry out subsequent heat treatment, is conducive to large-scale promotion.The invention is simple and feasible, low in cost, uses effect
Fruit is good.Novel Ru/Sn prepared by the present inventionxTi1-xO2The better performances of nanocatalyst CO catalytic oxidation, NO and HCs, conversion
Rate is up to 90% or more, the catalytic conversion height nearly 40% of catalyst obtained.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is different Sn/Ti than Rutile Type SnxTi1-xO2X-ray diffraction (XRD) figure of solid solution;
From figure 1 it appears that the Rutile Type Sn preparedxTi1-xO2Solid solution shows single Rutile Type.
Fig. 2 is different Sn/Ti than Rutile Type SnxTi1-xO2Field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) figure of solid solution;
As can be seen from Figure 2 Rutile Type SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution has porous structure and crystal grain is uniform;
Fig. 3 is Rutile Type SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution loads the Ru/Sn of Ru preparationxTi1-xO2It is living that catalyst aoxidizes CO
Linearity curve.
The Ru/Sn that when Sn/Ti is 2:1, that is, x=0.67 prepared by hydro-thermal method as can be seen from Figure 30.67Ti0.33O2Catalyst
CO catalytic oxidation activity highest.
Fig. 4 is SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution loads the Ru/Sn of Ru preparationxTi1-xO2Catalyst aoxidizes NO activity curve.
The Ru/Sn that when Sn/Ti is 2:1, that is, x=0.67 prepared by hydro-thermal method as can be seen from Figure 40.67Ti0.33O2Catalyst
At 240 DEG C of reaction temperature, the conversion ratio of NO reaches 43%.
Fig. 5 is the Ru/Sn of hydro-thermal method preparation0.67Ti0.33O2Catalyst and the Ru/Sn prepared with coprecipitation0.67Ti0.33O2
Catalyst aoxidizes CO activity curve.
The Ru/Sn of hydro-thermal method preparation as can be seen from Figure 50.67Ti0.33O2Catalyst aoxidizes CO activity significantly larger than altogether
The Ru/Sn of precipitation method preparation0.67Ti0.33O2Catalyst.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: one-step method prepares Rutile Type Sn0.5Ti0.5O2Solid solution.
By 0.0080mol SnCl4·5H2O is dissolved in certain deionized water, is denoted as A liquid;By 0.0080mol metatitanic acid fourth
Ester is dissolved in 10mL dehydrated alcohol, is denoted as B liquid;Control total volume is 80mL, is stirred continuously and lower is slowly added into B liquid in room temperature
In A liquid, mixed liquor is obtained after stirring 30min, then mixed liquor is placed in the water heating kettle of 100mL, water heating kettle is placed on 140~
In 220 DEG C of drying box, heat preservation obtains white suspension, centrifuge washing for 24 hours, and 100 DEG C of drying grind and obtain white yellow
Sn0.5Ti0.5O2Powder.
Embodiment 2: one-step method prepares Rutile Type Sn0.33Ti0.67O2Solid solution.
By 0.0053mol SnCl4·5H2O is dissolved in certain deionized water, is denoted as A liquid;By 0.0107mol metatitanic acid fourth
Ester is dissolved in 10mL dehydrated alcohol, is denoted as B liquid;Control total volume is 80mL, is stirred continuously and lower is slowly added into B liquid in room temperature
In A liquid, mixed liquor is obtained after stirring 30min, mixed liquor is then placed in the water heating kettle of 100mL, water heating kettle is placed on 140~
In 220 DEG C of drying box, heat preservation obtains white suspension, centrifuge washing for 24 hours, and 100 DEG C of drying grind and obtain white yellow
Sn0.33Ti0.67O2Powder.
Embodiment 3: one-step method prepares Rutile Type Sn0.67Ti0.33O2Solid solution.
By 0.0107mol SnCl4·5H2O is dissolved in certain deionized water, is denoted as A liquid;By 0.0053mol metatitanic acid fourth
Ester is dissolved in 10mL dehydrated alcohol, is denoted as B liquid;Control total volume is 80mL, is stirred continuously and lower is slowly added into B liquid in room temperature
In A liquid, mixed liquor is obtained after stirring 30min, mixed liquor is then placed in the water heating kettle of 100mL, water heating kettle is placed on 140~
In 220 DEG C of drying box, heat preservation obtains white suspension, centrifuge washing for 24 hours, and 100 DEG C of drying grind and obtain white yellow
Sn0.67Ti0.33O2Powder.
Embodiment 4: one-step method prepares Rutile Type SnO2。
By 0.016mol SnCl4·5H2O is dissolved in the deionized water of 80mL, and 30min is stirred at room temperature and is placed on 100mL's
In water heating kettle, water heating kettle is placed in 140~220 DEG C of drying box, keeps the temperature and obtain white suspension for 24 hours, centrifuge washing, 100
DEG C drying, grinding obtain SnO2Powder.
Embodiment 5: one-step method prepares TiO2。
0.016mol butyl titanate is dissolved in after the dehydrated alcohol of 10mL, certain deionized water is added dropwise with vigorous stirring,
Control overall solution volume is 80mL, and 30min is stirred at room temperature and is placed in the water heating kettle of 100mL, water heating kettle is placed on 140~220
DEG C drying box in, heat preservation obtains white suspension for 24 hours, centrifuge washing, and 100 DEG C of drying, grinding obtains TiO2Powder.
Examples 1 to 3 products therefrom is SnxTi1-xO2Solid-solution material all has similar XRD spectra and SEM spectrum
Figure, only the diffraction peak intensity in XRD spectra, position and half-peak breadth slightly have difference;Porous structure slightly has not in SEM spectrogram
Together.
Embodiment 6: Rutile Type SnxTi1-xO2The Ru/Sn that solid solution load Ru is obtainedxTi1-xO2Catalyst is in catalysis oxygen
Change the application in CO, NO, HCs:
The Rutile Type Sn that will be obtainedxTi1-xO2The Ru/Sn that solid solution load Ru is obtainedxTi1-xO2Catalyst is for being catalyzed
Aoxidize CO, NO and HCs.Weigh the Ru/Sn of 1gxTi1-xO2Catalyst is packed into the quartz ampoule for the fixed bed reactors that diameter is 20mm
In, control total gas flow be 1L/min, steel cylinder gas simulate exhaust gas from diesel vehicle, by volume CO 0.1%, NO 0.08%,
C3H80.05% and O25%, N2For Balance Air, air speed 60000h-1, N is passed through before reaction2Catalyst is pre-processed, instead
The seasonable reaction tube temperature that adjusts measures the catalyst activity under condition of different temperatures, is detected with flue gas analyzer to tail gas.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (5)
1. an a kind of step hydro-thermal prepares Rutile Type SnxTi1-xO2The method of solid solution, characterized by the following steps:
1) after being sufficiently mixed titanium source and tin source aqueous solution, reaction solution is obtained, and it is total in reaction solution to control titanium source and tin source
Concentration is 0.1~0.6mol/L;
2) reaction solution is heated to 120~220 DEG C of progress hydro-thermal reactions, 6~96h of the hydro-thermal reaction time is obtained after reaction
Suspension;
3) suspension is subjected to centrifugal dehydration, takes suspension, dried after suspension is washed, obtained suspended particulate substance, will suspend
Particulate matter is ground into powder to obtain the adjustable Rutile Type Sn of Sn/Ti ratioxTi1-xO2Solid-solution powder, wherein 0 < x < 1.
2. step hydro-thermal according to claim 1 prepares Rutile Type SnxTi1-xO2The method of solid solution, it is characterised in that:
The titanium source is butyl titanate, isopropyl titanate, titanyl sulfate or titanium tetrachloride;The tin source is tin tetrachloride, protochloride
Tin or stannous sulfate.
3. a kind of use Rutile Type Sn as described in claim 1xTi1-xO2Solid solution prepares Ru/SnxTi1-xO2Catalyst
Method, it is characterised in that: by Rutile Type SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution is immersed in the RuCl that mass percent concentration is 1~10%3
1~3h of solution will load RuCl after the completion of dipping3SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution is dried, then by it in air atmosphere
Lower 200~600 DEG C of roastings 3h, heating rate are 3~10 DEG C/min, obtain Ru/SnxTi1-xO2Catalyst.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized by: Rutile Type SnxTi1-xO2Solid solution is immersed in RuCl3It is molten
When in liquid, using ultrasonic immersing.
5. a kind of application method of the catalyst prepared using method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: will
Ru/SnxTi1-xO2Catalyst is fitted into the quartz ampoule of fixed bed reactors, utilizes Ru/SnxTi1-xO2CO catalytic oxidation, NO and
HCs generates CO2、NO2And H2O。
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