CN109173939B - Water-cooling methanol synthesis reactor - Google Patents
Water-cooling methanol synthesis reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN109173939B CN109173939B CN201811160859.3A CN201811160859A CN109173939B CN 109173939 B CN109173939 B CN 109173939B CN 201811160859 A CN201811160859 A CN 201811160859A CN 109173939 B CN109173939 B CN 109173939B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0242—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0285—Heating or cooling the reactor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00194—Tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/02—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor with stationary particles
Abstract
The invention relates to a water-cooling methanol synthesis reactor, which comprises a furnace body, wherein a catalyst frame, a synthesis gas collecting pipe and a heat exchange pipe are arranged in the furnace body, and the water-cooling methanol synthesis reactor is characterized in that the heat exchange pipe comprises a first heat exchange pipe group consisting of a plurality of first heat exchange pipes and a second heat exchange pipe group consisting of a plurality of second heat exchange pipes; each heat exchange tube is spirally wound by taking the synthesis gas collecting tube as a mandrel to form a plurality of heat exchange tube layers which are arranged at intervals, and the water inlet pipeline comprises a first water inlet pipeline and a second water inlet pipeline; the inlet of each first heat exchange tube is communicated with the first water inlet pipeline, the inlet of each second heat exchange tube is communicated with the second water inlet pipeline, a switch valve is arranged on the second water inlet pipeline, and the sum of the heat exchange areas of the second heat exchange tubes is 15-40% of the total heat exchange area; and the outlet of each first heat exchange tube and the outlet of each second heat exchange tube are communicated with a steam pipeline.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to chemical equipment, in particular to a water-cooled methanol synthesis reactor.
Background
Methanol is an important chemical basic raw material and a clean liquid fuel, and is widely applied to industries such as organic synthesis, dyes, pesticides, medicines and the like. Methanol synthesis is a reversible exothermic reaction, and the reaction temperature determines the equilibrium and reaction rate of the reaction system. The reaction temperature increases and the reaction rate increases, but the equilibrium constant of the reaction decreases. There is an optimum methanol synthesis reaction temperature range for a particular catalyst and operating environment. The method for realizing the optimal reaction temperature adopts methods such as continuous heat exchange, multi-section cold shock, water heat transfer and the like in industry, so that the temperature of a catalyst bed layer is distributed along the optimal temperature as far as possible.
In order to prevent the rapid deterioration of the methanol reaction catalyst, it is preferable that the reaction temperature is maintained at a low value at the initial stage of the use of the catalyst, and the reaction temperature is gradually increased as the use time increases. For example, in the early stage of using the copper-based catalyst, the bed temperature is generally controlled to be 240-260 ℃; and in the later stage, the temperature of the bed layer is generally controlled to be 260-280 ℃.
In order to control the methanol synthesis reaction to be stably carried out at the designed temperature, a water-moving reactor is generally provided with a heat exchange pipe in the reactor, heat generated by the methanol synthesis reaction is removed by introducing cooling water into the heat exchange pipe, and the reaction temperature is controlled by controlling the medium-pressure steam pressure generated by water. In the later period of the catalyst use, the activity of the catalyst is reduced, so that the activity temperature of the catalyst is increased from about 240 ℃ in the initial period to about 280 ℃, the temperature of steam in the heat exchange tubes is slowly increased from 225 ℃ to 265 ℃, and the steam pressure generated by boiler water is gradually increased from 2.7MPa (G) to 5.2MPa (G).
The fluctuation of the reaction temperature at the initial stage and the final stage of the methanol synthesis can be transmitted to a heat exchange pipe used for heat transfer in a reaction bed layer, so that the fluctuation of the temperature and the pressure of steam generated in the heat exchange pipe is further caused, particularly, the steam quantity rich in production is more and more along with the large-scale and multi-series of a methanol synthesis device, but the isothermal methanol synthesis reactor can not solve the problems of the fluctuation of the steam pressure and the increase of the investment of related equipment and pipeline engineering all the time, and the method is mainly embodied as follows:
(1) considering from the design pressure, because the pressure of the steam generated in the heat exchange tube fluctuates between 2.7MPa (G) and 5.2MPa (G), the equipment and the pipeline related to the heat exchange tube need to consider higher design pressure, otherwise, the requirement of the steam pressure of 5.2MPa (G) at the later stage of the catalyst cannot be met, and the increase of the wall thickness of the equipment and the pipeline increases the engineering investment;
(2) in view of rich steam, the high-quality steam of 5.2MPa (G) can be rich in the later stage of the catalyst, but the balance of the whole plant steam pipe network is determined by the initial 2.7MPa (G) steam of the catalyst, and the high-quality steam of 5.2MPa (G) can only be decompressed and degraded for use in engineering design, so that pipeline valves and automatic control instrument elements related to decompression are required to be added, and certain impact is also caused on the whole plant steam pipe network.
In short, boiler water system pipelines and equipment in the methanol synthesis reactor need to be designed according to the harsh temperature and pressure, and medium-pressure steam generated in the later stage of the catalyst is degraded for use, so that the investment and the balance of a whole plant steam pipe network are not reasonable.
Chinese patent publication No. CN10269865 a discloses a methanol synthesis reactor structure, in which heat exchange tubes are buried in a reaction bed layer, methanol synthesis is performed in a catalyst bed layer, and the released reaction heat is removed by boiler water in the heat exchange tubes. However, the steam pressure of the rich product in the later period of the catalyst is increased, and the related equipment and pipelines have to be designed according to the steam pressure and the temperature in the later period, so that the engineering investment is increased; meanwhile, when the balance design of the steam pipe network of the whole plant is carried out by the process system, the process system can only be designed according to the lower steam pressure and steam quality at the initial stage of the catalyst, but certain impact is caused on the steam pipe network of the whole plant at the later stage of the catalyst.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a water-cooled methanol synthesis reactor aiming at the current situation of the prior art, which can better solve the problems of boiler water gasification temperature and pressure fluctuation while meeting the initial and final reaction temperature interval of a methanol synthesis reaction catalyst, further realize the goals of reducing the engineering investment and optimizing a steam pipe network system of a whole plant, and meet the requirements of large-scale and energy-saving development of a methanol synthesis device.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the water-cooled methanol synthesis reactor comprises a furnace body and a catalyst frame arranged in the furnace body, wherein a synthesis gas collecting pipe is arranged in the middle of the catalyst frame; the inlets of the synthesis gas collecting pipes are multiple and are arranged on the side wall of the synthesis gas collecting pipes at intervals; the side wall of the catalyst frame is provided with an air inlet through which raw material gas passes, and the outlet of the synthesis gas collecting pipe is communicated with a synthesis gas outlet on the furnace body; the heat exchange tube is arranged between the catalyst frame and the synthesis gas collecting tube, the inlet of the heat exchange tube is connected with a water inlet pipeline, and the outlet of the heat exchange tube is connected with a steam pipeline;
the method is characterized in that:
the heat exchange tubes comprise a first heat exchange tube group consisting of a plurality of first heat exchange tubes and a second heat exchange tube group consisting of a plurality of second heat exchange tubes; each heat exchange tube is spirally wound in the catalyst bed layer by taking the synthesis gas collecting tube as a mandrel;
each heat exchange tube is spirally wound to form a plurality of heat exchange tube layers, and gaps are formed between the adjacent heat exchange tube layers;
the water inlet pipeline comprises a first water inlet pipeline and a second water inlet pipeline; the inlet of each first heat exchange tube is communicated with the first water inlet pipeline, the inlet of each second heat exchange tube is communicated with the second water inlet pipeline, a switch valve is arranged on the second water inlet pipeline, and the sum of the heat exchange areas of the second heat exchange tubes is 15-40% of the total heat exchange area;
and the outlet of each first heat exchange tube and the outlet of each second heat exchange tube are communicated with a steam pipeline.
The heat exchange area of each first heat exchange tube is the sum of the cross sectional areas of the inner cavities of the first heat exchange tubes; the heat exchange area of each second heat exchange tube is the sum of the cross sectional areas of the inner cavities of the second heat exchange tubes; the total heat exchange area is the sum of the heat exchange area of each first heat exchange tube and the heat exchange area of each second heat exchange tube.
Preferably, each layer of heat exchange tube is provided with a first heat exchange tube and a second heat exchange tube, and the first heat exchange tube is arranged between two adjacent second heat exchange tubes. The structure can further improve the uniformity of heat removal of the catalyst bed layer in each stage.
Preferably, 2-5 first heat exchange tubes are arranged between two adjacent second heat exchange tubes;
the calibers of the first heat exchange tube and the second heat exchange tube are equal.
Preferably, the rotation directions of the adjacent heat exchange tube layers are opposite.
Preferably, each heat exchange tube layer is fixed on a plurality of support rods, each support rod is vertically arranged and arranged at intervals, and adjacent support rods are not on the same radial radiation line. Preferably, each heat exchange tube is fixed to the support plate by a hoop.
As a further improvement of the above aspects, the first water inlet pipeline comprises a first water inlet connecting pipe and a first pipe box communicated with an outlet of the first water inlet connecting pipe; the inlet of each first heat exchange tube is connected with the first tube box;
the second inlet channel include the second intake connecting pipe and with the second pipe case that the export of second intake connecting pipe is linked together, each the entry of second heat exchange tube all communicates the second pipe case.
The steam pipeline can comprise a steam connecting pipe connected with the steam drum, and the steam connecting pipe is connected with a steam collecting pipe; and the outlets of the first heat exchange tube and the second heat exchange tube are connected with the steam collecting tube. When the second heat exchange pipe is closed, the second heat exchange pipe can still smoothly exhaust steam, so that the problem of air hold caused by the use of the same group of steam pipelines is avoided.
Preferably, the steam connecting pipe is provided with an expansion joint to absorb thermal expansion of the device during operation.
For convenient maintenance, the synthesis gas collecting pipe can be formed by connecting the multistage barrel in a detachable mode in sequence, and a plurality of foot ladders are arranged on the inner side wall of the barrel at intervals in sequence along the height direction.
Compared with the prior art, the water-cooled methanol synthesis reactor provided by the invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, the isothermal methanol synthesis reactor is designed into the variable-temperature water-cooled methanol synthesis reactor, two groups of heat exchange tubes are arranged, the heat removal amount can be changed according to the activity requirement of the catalyst at each stage of the reaction, so that the requirement of the catalyst activity temperature at each stage is met, the yield is kept constant, and the problems of increased wall thickness of the heat exchange tube, increased wall thickness of the steam pocket, changed matching pipelines and equipment and the like caused by the method that the pressure in the steam pocket and the heat exchange tubes is increased to increase the reaction temperature at the later stage of the reaction in the prior art are avoided, so that the equipment investment is reduced, and the problem of difficult control at the front stage and the back stage is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a fixing structure of the heat exchange tube layer in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the water-cooled methanol synthesis reactor includes:
the furnace body 1 is of a conventional structure and comprises an upper seal head 11, a lower seal head 12 and a cylinder body 13 connected between the upper seal head 11 and the lower seal head 12.
The catalyst frame 2 is disposed in the cylinder 13. The catalyst frame 2 may be any one of the prior art as required, and in this embodiment, the catalyst frame is a radial reactor, and the raw material gas enters the catalyst frame from the sidewall of the catalyst frame 2. The raw material gas enters a synthesis gas collecting pipe 3 after the catalytic reaction of methanol synthesis.
The synthesis gas collecting pipe 3 is used for collecting synthesis gas, is arranged in the middle position in the cavity of the catalyst frame 2, and is formed by sequentially and detachably connecting a plurality of sections of cylinder bodies 31, and in the embodiment, the cylinder bodies 31 are connected through flanges 34; a plurality of footsteps 32 are sequentially arranged on the inner side wall of the cylinder 31 at intervals along the axial direction. The end cap is removably attached to the upper port of the syngas header 3 and the lower port of the syngas header 3 is attached to a syngas conduit 33. A plurality of inlets are provided at intervals in the side wall of the synthesis gas collecting header 3, and the synthesis gas entering the synthesis gas collecting header 3 is sent out of the furnace body 1 through a synthesis gas pipe 33.
After the space between the synthesis gas collecting pipe 3 and the catalyst frame is filled with the catalyst, a catalyst bed layer is formed.
The heat exchange tubes include a first heat exchange tube group composed of a plurality of first heat exchange tubes 41 and a second heat exchange tube group composed of a plurality of second heat exchange tubes 42. For the sake of distinction, in fig. 2, the second heat exchange tubes are represented by solid circles and solid fill patterns, and the first heat exchange tubes are represented by open circles.
The heat exchange tubes are sequentially coiled outside the synthesis gas collecting tube 3 along the synthesis gas collecting tube 3 to form a plurality of layers, and the spiral directions of the heat exchange tubes between adjacent layers are opposite. Each layer of heat exchange tubes comprises a first heat exchange tube 41 and a second heat exchange tube 42, and the first heat exchange tube 41 and the second heat exchange tube 42 are uniformly arranged at intervals in a staggered manner. Set up 1 second heat exchange tube 42 behind 2 ~ 5 first heat exchange tubes 41 promptly, set up 1 second heat exchange tube 42 behind this embodiment for setting up 2 first heat exchange tubes.
Each heat exchange tube layer is fixed on a plurality of support rods 6, each support rod 6 is vertically arranged and arranged at intervals, and adjacent support rods are not on the same radial radiation line. Preferably, each heat exchange tube is secured to a support rod by a hoop 61.
The diameters of the first heat exchange tube 41 and the second heat exchange tube 42 can be flexibly adjusted according to the scale of the device and the load change, and the diameters of the heat exchange tubes are the same in the implementation.
The sum of the heat exchange areas of the second heat exchange tubes 42 is 15-40% of the total heat exchange area, which is 33% in this embodiment.
And a water inlet pipe for communicating the steam drum (not shown) with each heat exchange pipe, the water inlet pipe being connected to the first water inlet pipe 51 and the second water inlet pipe 52, respectively. The outlet of the first water inlet pipe 51 is communicated with a first pipe box 55, and the first pipe box 55 is connected with the inlet of each first heat exchange pipe 41; the outlet of the second water inlet pipe 52 is communicated with a second pipe box 54, and the second pipe box 54 is connected with the inlet of each second heat exchange pipe 42. A valve 56 is arranged on the second water inlet pipe 52.
The first and second header tanks 55 and 54 may have a ring pipe structure, as shown in fig. 1 of the present embodiment; the two tube boxes can also be box structures which are arranged in an up-and-down overlapping mode, and the two tube boxes can also be in a tube plate mode.
The steam pipeline comprises a steam connecting pipe 59 and a steam collecting pipe 58, wherein the steam connecting pipe 59 is connected with the steam drum, and the outlet of the steam collecting pipe 58 is connected with the steam connecting pipe 59; the outlet of each first heat exchange tube and the outlet of each second heat exchange tube are communicated with the inlet of each steam collecting tube 58. The steam collection pipe 58 may be of a loop configuration, a box configuration, or other configuration.
And an expansion joint 59a provided on the steam connection pipe 59 for absorbing thermal stress.
In the initial operation stage of the device, the catalyst has high activity, two groups of heat exchange tubes are controlled to work simultaneously, more reaction heat is removed, a catalyst bed layer is maintained at a set temperature for methanol synthesis reaction, and the yield is constant at a set value; in the later stage of the operation of the device, the required catalyst activity temperature is increased due to the reduction of the catalyst activity; and maintaining parameters such as boiler water, steam pressure and the like in the steam drum and the steam drum unchanged, adjusting the water inlet flow of the second water inlet pipe until the second heat exchange pipe is closed, reducing the heat removal amount of the catalyst bed layer, raising the temperature of the catalyst bed layer to the active temperature of the catalyst, normally performing the methanol synthesis reaction, maintaining the yield at the designed value, keeping the steam pressure of the steam drum unchanged, and not needing to change the parameters of a matched pipeline and equipment.
Due to the special arrangement of the first heat exchange tube and the second heat exchange tube, the first heat exchange tube can uniformly remove heat from the catalyst bed even if the second heat exchange tube is closed.
Claims (7)
1. A water-cooled methanol synthesis reactor comprises a furnace body and a catalyst frame arranged in the furnace body, wherein a synthesis gas collecting pipe is arranged in the middle of the catalyst frame; the inlets of the synthesis gas collecting pipes are multiple and are arranged on the side wall of the synthesis gas collecting pipes at intervals; the side wall of the catalyst frame is provided with an air inlet through which raw material gas passes, and the outlet of the synthesis gas collecting pipe is communicated with a synthesis gas outlet on the furnace body; the heat exchange tube is arranged between the catalyst frame and the synthesis gas collecting tube, the inlet of the heat exchange tube is connected with a water inlet pipeline, and the outlet of the heat exchange tube is connected with a steam pipeline;
the method is characterized in that:
the heat exchange tubes comprise a first heat exchange tube group consisting of a plurality of first heat exchange tubes and a second heat exchange tube group consisting of a plurality of second heat exchange tubes; each heat exchange tube is spirally wound in the catalyst bed layer by taking the synthesis gas collecting tube as a mandrel;
each heat exchange tube is spirally wound to form a plurality of heat exchange tube layers, and gaps are formed between the adjacent heat exchange tube layers;
the water inlet pipeline comprises a first water inlet pipeline and a second water inlet pipeline; the inlet of each first heat exchange tube is communicated with the first water inlet pipeline, the inlet of each second heat exchange tube is communicated with the second water inlet pipeline, a switch valve is arranged on the second water inlet pipeline, and the sum of the heat exchange areas of the second heat exchange tubes is 15-40% of the total heat exchange area;
the outlet of each first heat exchange tube and the outlet of each second heat exchange tube are communicated with a steam pipeline;
a first heat exchange tube and a second heat exchange tube are arranged on each heat exchange tube layer, and the first heat exchange tube is arranged between every two adjacent second heat exchange tubes;
2-5 first heat exchange tubes are arranged between every two adjacent second heat exchange tubes;
the calibers of the first heat exchange tube and the second heat exchange tube are equal.
2. The water-cooled methanol synthesis reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adjacent heat exchange tube layers have opposite rotation directions.
3. The water-cooled methanol synthesis reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that each heat exchange tube layer is fixed on a plurality of support rods, each support rod is vertically arranged and spaced apart, and adjacent support rods are not on the same radial line.
4. The water-cooled methanol synthesis reactor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first water inlet conduit comprises a first water inlet connection pipe and a first header communicated with an outlet of the first water inlet connection pipe; the inlet of each first heat exchange tube is connected with the first tube box;
the second inlet channel include the second intake connecting pipe and with the second pipe case that the export of second intake connecting pipe is linked together, each the entry of second heat exchange tube all communicates the second pipe case.
5. The water-cooled methanol synthesis reactor as in claim 4, wherein the steam line comprises a steam connection pipe connected to the steam drum, the steam connection pipe being connected to a steam collection pipe; and the outlets of the first heat exchange tube and the second heat exchange tube are connected with the steam collecting tube.
6. The water-cooled methanol synthesis reactor as claimed in claim 5, wherein the steam connecting pipe is provided with an expansion joint.
7. The water-cooled methanol synthesis reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that the synthesis gas collecting pipe is formed by sequentially detachably connecting a plurality of sections of cylinders, and a plurality of foot ladders are sequentially arranged on the inner side wall of the cylinder at intervals along the height direction.
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| CN201811160859.3A CN109173939B (en) | 2018-09-30 | 2018-09-30 | Water-cooling methanol synthesis reactor |
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| CN201811160859.3A CN109173939B (en) | 2018-09-30 | 2018-09-30 | Water-cooling methanol synthesis reactor |
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| CN109173939B true CN109173939B (en) | 2022-04-08 |
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| CN110902650A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-03-24 | 中石化宁波工程有限公司 | Double-steam-drum double-isothermal conversion furnace |
| CN110975767B (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2022-07-12 | 中石化宁波工程有限公司 | Double-isothermal converter with double cooling systems |
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| CN207012950U (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2018-02-16 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Methyl alcohol synthetic reactor and methanol synthesizer |
| CN107774201A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-09 | 楼韧 | A kind of reactor for optimizing temperature and its reaction process and application |
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2018
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101773808A (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2010-07-14 | 杭州林达化工技术工程有限公司 | Combined reaction device |
| CN202747831U (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2013-02-20 | 杭州林达化工技术工程有限公司 | Spiral coil heat exchanger and reactor with heat exchanger structure |
| CN102836676A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2012-12-26 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Gas-solid phase catalytic reactor |
| DE102012220930A1 (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2014-05-15 | Chemieanlagenbau Chemnitz Gmbh | Fixed bed reactor useful for carrying out catalytic gas-phase reactions, comprises bundle of vertical heat exchanger tubes, catalyst chamber for accommodating catalyst bed, reactor jacket, upper and lower reactor head, and filling device |
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