CN109171659A - Optical-fiber type sweep polarization sensitivity OCT image method and system based on Jones matrix - Google Patents
Optical-fiber type sweep polarization sensitivity OCT image method and system based on Jones matrix Download PDFInfo
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- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
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- A61B5/0066—Optical coherence imaging
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Abstract
The optical-fiber type sweep polarization sensitivity OCT image method and system based on Jones matrix that the invention discloses a kind of.In sweep polarization sense optical coherence chromatography imaging method, the polarization state of light is indicated using Jones matrix.Orthogonal two incident ray polarized light in polarization direction is set to generate certain optical path difference using delay unit, it is transmitted through the optical fiber to the sample arm with phase-modulation, later period eliminates the influence of optical fiber by data processing, realizes full depth bounds, highly sensitive OCT image.The present invention is multiplexed using depth and phase-modulation realizes that horizontally and vertically two polarization states are imaged simultaneously, obtain the image that information is more perfect, highly sensitive, and algorithm is simple, system is light and handy, it can be achieved that real time image reconstruction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to OCT image technology and frequency sweep OCT image technology more particularly to a kind of optical fiber based on Jones matrix
The method and system of type sweep polarization sensitivity OCT image.
Background technique
Optical coherence tomography (Optical Coherence Tomography, abbreviation OCT) imaging technique is a kind of novel
Optical image technology, non-intruding, non-contact, high can be carried out to institutional framework and the physiological function inside tested biopsy samples
Resolution ratio imaging in vivo, in the early diagnosis of disease and in body biopsy field extensive application prospect.OCT it has been confirmed by experiments that
Technology all has important in the research such as ophthalmology, dentistry, cardiovascular disease, the early diagnosis of cutaneum carcinoma and Developmental Biology
Application value.
Traditional OCT thinks that sample refractive index changes with sample depth, and the light characteristic that different depth is reflected back detector is
Different, sample interior structural information is obtained using this principle.Think the refractive index of sample in difference within Hee et al. 1992
It is different in depth, is also different on the different directions of same depth, is i.e. sample is there are birefringent, to propose to polarize
Sensitive OCT (Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography) can not only obtain common
The reflective light intensity information of OCT, moreover it is possible to while obtain the polarization state information of reflected light, especially the birefringent letter of biological tissue
Breath, so that it is determined that the polarization characteristic of measured object.Currently, PS-OCT is in skin burn detection, saprodontia differentiation, glaucoma and sugar
It urinates the directions such as sick oedema diagnosis, Surveillance of Coronary Heart and obtains significant progress.
There are space PS-OCT and all -fiber PS-OCT in the system structure of Polarization-Sensitive OCT.PS-OCT analysis in space is got up
Relatively simple, easy to accomplish, cost is also relatively low, but the presence of space optical path keeps the volume of space PS-OCT bigger,
It is not compact.It is compact-sized in order to make in all -fiber PS-OCT, it is convenient for practical application, introduces optical fiber, the biography of all light in optical path
It broadcasts and is carried out all in optical fiber.This aspect reduces system bulk, and the introducing of optical fiber also brings additional polarization but then
Effect, Park et al. 2004 proposition comparative sample surfaces and sample interior reflected light are with the influence of compensated optical fiber.
Polarization-Sensitive OCT analysis method mainly has Jones matrix-analysis method and Stokes Component Analysis method.Jiao et al.
Sample interior polarization information can be characterized with Jones matrix by demonstrating within 2002.And devise a kind of reality based on space optical path
Check system using two super-radiance light emitting diode light sources, respectively horizontal and perpendicular polarisation state, and uses two detectors point
It does not detect, two function generators for controlling light source are simultaneously and timing is identical.It is proposed light in source arm in 2005 uses a polarization
The polarization state of modulator continuous modulation incident light separately detects horizontal and vertical two components by two detectors, and reaching only needs
Want the purpose of single source and single scan depths.It is added in Yasuno et al. proposition sample arm in 2012 and uses dove prism
Delay cell, generate two have relative time delay, polarization state it is orthogonal lose into.Distinguished in feeler arm with balanced detector
Detect level and the polarization state of vertical both direction.The same year, Fan et al. propose that phase-modulation is added in sample arm, make to reflect position
The shaft for slightly deviateing galvanometer is set, mirror image is eliminated, realizes the detection of gamut.However, still remaining algorithm in forefathers' method
Complexity, system bulk is big, stability is poor, it is urgently to be resolved to limit the defects of imaging depth and signal-to-noise ratio.
Summary of the invention
The optical-fiber type sweep polarization sensitivity OCT image method that the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of based on Jones matrix and
System overcomes the deficiency of first technology.The present invention does not need expensive electro-optical modulation device, at low cost, to two polarization states
Input can simultaneously, highly sensitive imaging.
Technical solution of the invention is as follows:
A kind of optical-fiber type sweep polarization sense optical coherence chromatography imaging method based on Jones matrix, it is characterised in that:
In sweep polarization sensitivity OCT image system, the polarization state of light is indicated using Jones matrix；Make polarization direction using delay unit
Orthogonal two incident ray polarized light generates certain optical path difference；It is transmitted using all -fiber；Using depth multiplexing and phase
The method of modulation is realized to two input polarizations while and highly sensitive imaging；Algorithm is simple, system is light and handy, it can be achieved that in real time
Image reconstruction.
Specific step is as follows for Polarization-Sensitive optical coherence chromatography imaging method of the invention:
1., using the polarizer (4), sample arm incident light is become and level in frequency sweep optical coherence tomography system
The linearly polarized light that angular separation is 45 °, and make its maximum intensity by adjusting the first Polarization Controller (3)；Pass through the first polarization
Incident light is divided into two linearly polarized lights that beam polarization state is mutually perpendicular to, intensity is equal by beam splitter (504)；It is polarized to realize to two
The orthogonal incident light of state exposes to after sample imaging while to sample, the method being multiplexed using depth, single using delay
Member makes two beam incident lights have certain optical path difference by the optical path difference of two-arm in adjusting delay unit:
Wherein, k is wave number, and d is the half of delay unit two-arm optical path difference, and taking centre is zero light path position；
2. carrying out the transmission of optical signal by optical fiber, and polarization information is described using Jones matrix, by delayed time system to sample
Product surface, sample interior back and forth, the Jones matrix of sample surfaces to detector be respectively Jin、Jsamp、Jout, the fine jade finally surveyed
This matrix are as follows:
The Jones matrix J of measurement sample surfaces in advancesurf, to eliminate the influence of optical fiber by the data processing in later period；
3. making to expose to sample to the orthogonal incident ray polarized light in two polarization directions to realize highly sensitive imaging
It is right in sample arm on the basis of polarization optics coherence chromatography imaging method to the zero light path both sides that are imaged on of sample after product
Certain offset is arranged in scanning galvanometer (802), introduces linear phase modulationfmFor the index of modulation, x is laterally
Scan position eliminates mirror image by linear phase modulation, makes two polarization states while being imaged on the both sides of zero light path, realizes complete deep
Spend range, highly sensitive imaging；
4. first balanced detector (907), the second balanced detector (908) separately detect water after system work
The interference signal containing linear phase modulation item of flat polarization and two channel of vertical polarization:
Wherein, Ih(k, x) is the interference signal in horizontal polarization channel；Iv(k, x) is the interference signal in vertical polarization channel；S
(k) it is distributed for low-coherence light source power spectral density；ES、ERFor the real amplitude of sample arm and reference arm light；zsamp、zrefFor sample arm
With the light path of reference arm；
Take the mutual coherent term of above-mentioned interference signal:
5. above-mentioned mutual coherent term is done Fourier transformation along x-axis, inverse Fourier transform is done after filtering off negative frequency part；
6. doing Fourier transform along k axis:
Wherein, Γ (z) is the Fourier transformation of S (k), extracts strength information respectively, obtains J11, J12, J21, J22。
7. data processing can measure J by the information that sample surfaces returnsurf, and
Jsurf=JoutJin
As available from the above equation:
Enabling is JT
Wherein:
Furthermore it is possible to obtain J with the state of output by comparing inputtingT
Two formulas are equal, can obtain:
J can be obtained in solution above formulasamp。
Implement the system of the optical-fiber type sweep polarization sensitivity OCT image method based on Jones matrix of the above method, including
Swept light source, incident light are divided into sample arm and reference arm after the first fiber coupler；Sample arm is followed successively by by optical fiber connection
First Polarization Controller, the polarizer, delay unit, sample unit return after exposing to sample through the entrance of the second fiber coupler
Probe unit；The incident light of reference arm enters probe unit through the second Polarization Controller and converges with sample arm reflection light, and enters
Probe unit is detected, and data are passed to computer.It is inclined from the horizontal by the line of 45 degree of angles in the delay unit
Vibration light enters the first polarization beam apparatus through the first collimating mirror, is divided into after two-beam respectively through the first quarter-wave plate, second
Quarter-wave plate converges in the first polarization beam apparatus by second after the first plane mirror, second plane mirror reflection
Collimating mirror enters optical fiber.In the sample unit, incident light exposes to two-dimensional scanning mirrors by third collimating mirror, then passes through the
The telescopic system that one lens, the second lens form exposes to sample, and the reflected light with sample message returns to the second optical fiber coupling
Clutch.In the probe unit, reference light enters beam splitter through the 4th collimating mirror, the polarizer, and sample light is through the 5th collimating mirror
Into beam splitter, interference signal is divided into two bundles by beam splitter, respectively after the second polarization beam apparatus, third polarization beam apparatus by
First balanced detector, the second balanced detector measure strength information.The characteristics of system, is: being transmitted, is realized using all -fiber
System it is compact, flexible, stable；Delay unit is set, makes that intensity is identical, the incident linear polarization in polarization direction orthogonal two
Light generates certain optical path difference, is imaged while realization using the method for depth multiplexing to two polarization states；The incident light of sample arm
It exposes on the scanning galvanometer of certain offset, produces linear phase modulation, while galvanometer rotation, interference is believed
It number joined space carrier frequency, to eliminate mirror image, realize and two the highly sensitive of polarization states are imaged.
The light source is length scanning laser light source.
The sample is the sample with birefringence.
The delay unit can realize the light of the orthogonal linearly polarized light in two polarization directions by changing two-arm light path
Path difference variation.
Incident light is arranged certain offset in the sample arm 2-D vibration mirror, generates linear phase modulation.
Beam splitter in the delay unit is polarization beam apparatus.
Two quarter-wave plates in the delay unit are from the horizontal by 45 °.
Beam splitter in the probe unit is non-polarizing beamsplitter.
The Michelson's interferometer is it is characterized in that tool is respectively referred to there are two close to aplanatic optical interference circuit
Arm and sample arm, and be fiber optic system.
The working condition of the system is as follows:
The light that swept light source issues is coupled into Michelson's interferometer by the first fiber coupler, and be divided into sample arm and
Reference arm.Sample arm incident light becomes the linearly polarized light from the horizontal by 45 ° of angles after the polarizer and by the first polarization
Beam splitter keeps its light intensity maximum.Sample arm passes through a delay unit, will be from the horizontal by 45 ° by the first polarization beam apparatus
The linearly polarized light of angle is divided into the linearly polarized light of horizontal and vertical directions, injects the two of the different delay unit of light path respectively
Arm, respectively by the first quarter-wave plate, the second quarter-wave plate and the first plane mirror, second plane mirror
Reflection, polarization direction return to the first polarization beam apparatus and converge after being rotated by 90 °, forming two beams has certain optical path difference and polarization direction phase
Mutually vertical incident light returns to the second fiber coupler after being irradiated to sample by the phase-modulation of two-dimensional scanning mirrors, and arrives
Up to probe unit；Reference light enters probe unit through the second Polarization Controller, the polarizer.Reference light and sample light are in probe unit
Converge, and be divided into two bundles by beam splitter, the mutual coherent term in interference signal is obtained by balanced detector, therefrom extracts strong
Information is spent, computer is entered by image pick-up card, obtains surveyed Jones matrix.The Jones matrix of sample surfaces is obtained in advance,
With the influence of compensated optical fiber.
Compared with first technology, the invention has the following advantages that
The present invention has abandoned that volume is big, the spatial mode optical path that not compact, stability is poor, is realized, be ensure that using all -fiber
The compact, flexible of system, stability.
The present invention does not need expensive light polarization modulator, and realizes that polarization direction orthogonal two enters by delay unit
Imaging while to two polarization states inputs is realized in the input of ray polarised light by the way of depth multiplexing.
It is by linear phase tune the present invention is based on the characteristics of optical-fiber type sweep polarization sensitivity OCT image method of Jones matrix
For polarizing domain optical coherence tomography, incident light exposes on the scanning galvanometer of certain deviation amount system, generates linear
Phase-modulation joined space carrier frequency to interference signal, to eliminate mirror image, make to two polarization sides while galvanometer rotation
To orthogonal incident ray polarized light, the reflected light after exposing to sample is imaged on the both sides of zero light path, and close zero light path,
Realize the imaging of gamut high sensitivity.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the system construction drawings of the optical-fiber type sweep polarization sensitivity OCT image system of Jones matrix.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram that delay unit replaces light polarization modulator in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the sample unit structural schematic diagram of the 2-D vibration mirror in the present invention with phase-modulation.
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the probe unit with beam splitter and balanced detector in the present invention.
Fig. 5 be the present invention in using depth multiplexing with line shape-phase modulation method realize two orthogonal polarization components simultaneously and
Highly sensitive image-forming principle schematic diagram is compared with forefathers' method schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, the invention will be further described, but should not be limited with this embodiment of the invention
Protection scope.
Please refer to Fig. 1.Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the knots of the optical-fiber type sweep polarization sensitivity OCT image system of Jones matrix
Structure schematic diagram.Optical-fiber type sweep polarization sense optical coherence tomography system based on Jones matrix, including swept light source 1,
Incident light is divided into sample arm and reference arm 6 after the first fiber coupler 2；Sample arm is followed successively by the first polarization by optical fiber connection
Controller 3, the polarizer 4, delay unit 5, sample unit 8, return is detected through the entrance of the second fiber coupler 7 after exposing to sample
Unit 9；The incident light of reference arm 6 enters probe unit 9 through the second Polarization Controller 10 and converges with sample arm reflection light, and enters
Probe unit 9 is detected, and data are passed to computer 11.
Please refer to Fig. 2.Fig. 2 is delay unit structural schematic diagram in the present invention.It is inclined from the horizontal by the line of 45 degree of angles
Vibration light enters the first polarization beam apparatus 504 through the first collimating mirror 501, is divided into after two-beam respectively through the first quarter-wave plate
502, the second quarter-wave plate 506, in the first polarization after the first plane mirror 503, second plane mirror 507 reflect
Beam splitter 504, which converges, enters optical fiber by the second collimating mirror 505.
Please refer to Fig. 3.Fig. 3 is the sample unit structural representation of the 2-D vibration mirror in the present invention with linear phase modulation
Figure.Incident light exposes to two-dimensional scanning mirrors 802 by third collimating mirror 801, then passes through the first lens 803,804 groups of the second lens
At telescopic system expose to sample 805, reflected light with sample message returns to the second fiber coupler 7.
Please refer to Fig. 4.Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the probe unit with beam splitter and balanced detector in the present invention.
Reference light enters beam splitter 905 through the 4th collimating mirror 901, the polarizer 902, and sample light enters beam splitter through the 5th collimating mirror 903
905, interference signal is divided into two bundles by beam splitter 905, respectively after the second polarization beam apparatus 904, third polarization beam apparatus 906
Strength information is measured by the first balanced detector 907, the second balanced detector 908.
Please refer to Fig. 5.Fig. 5 is to realize two cross-polarizations with line shape-phase modulation method using depth multiplexing in the present invention
Component is simultaneously and highly sensitive image-forming principle schematic diagram is compared with forefathers' method schematic diagram.(a) mirror that disappears is imaged for forefathers' method
As preceding schematic diagram, depth is sacrificed while realizing that two orthogonal polarisation states are imaged simultaneously, it is (b) deep to be used in the present invention
It spends the method for multiplexing and offset is set in galvanometer introduces linear phase modulation and complete the schematic diagram of mirror image of disappearing, realize two
Orthogonal polarisation state is simultaneously and big depth, high sensitivity are imaged.
The orthogonal incident ray polarized light of two polarization states are as follows:
After delayed time system, the incident light of sample arm are as follows:
Wherein, k is wave number, and d is the half of delay unit two-arm optical path difference, and taking centre is zero light path position.
By optical fiber carry out optical signal transmission, by delayed time system to sample surfaces, sample interior back and forth, sample surfaces to
The Jones matrix of detector is respectively Jin、Jsamp、Jout, finally measure Jones matrix are as follows:
The Jones matrix J of measurement sample surfaces in advancesurf, then the influence of the data processing elimination optical fiber by the later period.
The light field vector of sample arm and reference arm is respectively as follows:
Wherein zsamp、zrefFor the light path of sample arm and reference arm, ES、ERFor the real amplitude of sample arm and reference arm light.For the phase-modulation of introducing.
In feeler arm, horizontal direction in (4) formula, light field vector representation are taken are as follows:
Interference signal can be obtained by (5) formula are as follows:
Take the mutual coherent term of interference signal in (6) formula:
Coherent term mutual in (7) formula is done into Fourier transformation along x-axis, filters off negative frequency part:
(8) formula is done into inverse Fourier transform:
(9) formula is done into Fourier transform along k axis:
Similarly, vertical direction are as follows:
Wherein, Γ (z) is the Fourier transformation of S (k).
Strength information is extracted respectively in (10), (11) formula, obtains J11, J12, J21, J22, find out (3) formula.
J can be measured by the information that sample surfaces returnsurf, and
Jsurf=JoutJin (12)
By (12) Shi Ke get:
Wherein:
Furthermore it is possible to obtain J with the state of output by comparing inputtingT
It solves:
It enables (13) formula equal with (17) formula, can obtain:
(14), (15) formula are substituted into (18) formula, can be obtained:
J can be obtainedsamp。
Claims (6)
1. a kind of optical-fiber type sweep polarization sensitivity OCT image method and system based on Jones matrix, in sweep polarization sensitivity OCT
In imaging system, the polarization state of light is indicated using Jones matrix；Keep polarization direction orthogonal two incident using delay unit
Linearly polarized light generates certain optical path difference；It is transmitted using all -fiber；It is characterized by: making level side using the method that depth is multiplexed
Mirror is eliminated to the both sides for being imaged on zero light path with two orthogonal polarisation states of vertical direction, and using the method for linear phase modulation
Picture is realized to two input polarizations while and highly sensitive imaging.
2. realizing the optical-fiber type sweep polarization sensitivity OCT image method and system described in claim 1 based on Jones matrix, packet
It includes swept light source (1), incident light is divided into sample arm and reference arm (6) after the first fiber coupler (2)；Sample arm passes through optical fiber
The first Polarization Controller (3) are connected to, can adjust input sample arm light intensity maximum, warp by adjusting the first Polarization Controller (3)
After crossing the polarizer (4), into two-arm light path difference and respectively in the delay unit (5) of zero light path two sides, generating two beams has centainly
The orthogonal incident ray polarized light of optical path difference and polarization direction, enters back into sample unit (8), exposes to after sample and returns through the
Two fiber couplers (7) enter the probe unit (9) with the flat very detector of two-way；The incident light of reference arm (6) is inclined through second
Vibration controller (10) enters probe unit (9) and converges with sample arm reflection light, and is detected into probe unit (9), will count
According to incoming computer (11).
3. in delay unit (5) as claimed in claim 2, from the horizontal by 45 degree of angles linearly polarized light through the first collimating mirror
(501) enter the first polarization beam apparatus (504), be divided into after two-beam respectively through the first quarter-wave plate (502), the two or four
/ mono- wave plate (506), in the first polarization beam splitting after the first plane mirror (503), second plane mirror (507) reflection
Device (504), which converges, enters optical fiber by the second collimating mirror (505).
4. incident light exposes to two-dimensional scanning mirrors by third collimating mirror (801) in sample unit (8) as claimed in claim 2
(802), sample (805) then by the telescopic system that the first lens (803), the second lens (804) form are exposed to, have sample
The reflected light of product information returns to the second fiber coupler (7).
5. in probe unit (9) as claimed in claim 2, reference light enters through the 4th collimating mirror (901), the polarizer (902) and divides
Beam device (905), sample light enter beam splitter (905) through the 5th collimating mirror (903), are divided into interference signal by beam splitter (905)
Two beams, respectively by the first balanced detector (907), after the second polarization beam apparatus (904), third polarization beam apparatus (906)
Two balanced detectors (908) measure strength information.
6. sweep polarization sensitivity OCT image method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that this method includes following step
It is rapid:
1. using the polarizer (4), sample arm incident light is become and horizontal direction in frequency sweep optical coherence tomography system
The linearly polarized light that angle is 45 °, and make its maximum intensity by adjusting the first Polarization Controller (3)；Pass through the first polarization beam splitting
Incident light is divided into two linearly polarized lights that beam polarization state is mutually perpendicular to, intensity is equal by device (504)；In order to realize to two polarization state phases
Mutually vertical incident light, exposes to after sample imaging while to sample, the method being multiplexed using depth, using delay unit,
By adjusting the optical path difference of two-arm in delay unit, make two beam incident lights that there is certain optical path difference；
2. carrying out the transmission of optical signal by optical fiber, and polarization information is described using Jones matrix, with delayed time system to sample table
Face, sample interior are back and forth, the Jones matrix of sample surfaces to detector indicates the Jones matrix finally surveyed, and measure in advance
The Jones matrix of sample surfaces, to eliminate the influence of optical fiber by the data processing in later period；
3. making to the orthogonal incident ray polarized light in two polarization directions, after exposing to sample to realize highly sensitive imaging
Zero light path both sides are imaged on to sample, on the basis of polarization optics coherence chromatography imaging method, to scanning in sample arm
Certain offset is arranged in galvanometer (802), introduces linear phase modulation, eliminates mirror image by linear phase modulation, make two partially
Polarization state is imaged on the both sides of zero light path simultaneously, realizes full depth bounds, highly sensitive imaging；
4. after system work, first balanced detector (907), the second balanced detector (908) separately detect horizontal inclined
The interference signal containing linear phase modulation item of vibration and two channel of vertical polarization, takes mutual coherent term therein transversely to do Fourier
Leaf transformation, filter off negative frequency part after transversely do inverse Fourier transform, along wave number direction do Fourier transform after extract intensity
Information is the Jones matrix measured, then demodulates to obtain the Jones matrix of sample by the Jones matrix of sample surfaces.
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