CN109170491A - A kind of fresh device of jelly to thaw for frozen food turn - Google Patents
A kind of fresh device of jelly to thaw for frozen food turn Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109170491A CN109170491A CN201811206750.9A CN201811206750A CN109170491A CN 109170491 A CN109170491 A CN 109170491A CN 201811206750 A CN201811206750 A CN 201811206750A CN 109170491 A CN109170491 A CN 109170491A
- Authority
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- Prior art keywords
- frozen food
- thaw
- low
- control device
- jelly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 235000013611 frozen food Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 14
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005842 biochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002808 connective tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003708 edge detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013324 preserved food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/36—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
- A23L3/365—Thawing subsequent to freezing
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of jellies to thaw for frozen food to turn fresh device, it includes cabinet body, temperature control device and low-frequency alternating electric field generating apparatus, the temperature control device includes air curtain, image recognition camera and numerical control display screen, and the low-frequency alternating electric field generating apparatus includes integrated switch control device, current signal generating source and discharge electrode.The present invention carries out the heating of sublevel segmentation to frozen food by temperature control device and thaws, low-frequency alternating electric field is applied to frozen food using low-frequency alternating electric field generating apparatus simultaneously, hydrone is promoted vivaciously to move, to keep meat freshness, nutrition loss is reduced to greatest extent, have many advantages, such as structure is simple, at low cost, effect is good, thaw after frozen food still possess the freshness of high quality, be suitble to make further genralrlization in the market.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food keeping technology fields, and in particular to a kind of fresh device of jelly to thaw for frozen food turn.
Background technique
Fresh food includes livestock meat, eggs, aquatic products, cream and its product, water fruits and vegetables etc., nutrition rich in,
Predominantly human body provides protein, fat, minerals, vitamin etc..Since the protein and moisture content of fresh food are higher,
Enzyme metabolism is vigorous, is easy to occur in storage, transport, sales process putrid and deteriorated.On the one hand serious economic loss is caused,
On the other hand consumer health can also be jeopardized.It come preserved food is current major technique using Refrigeration Technique.It can not only drop
The speed of low overwhelming majority biochemical reaction, reduces nutritive loss, but also be highly safe.The key step of refrigerating process
It suddenly is to generate ice crystal, and ice crystal is the principal element for influencing food quality.The large ice crystals generated during food freezing, main point
It is distributed in space between cells, since quantity is few, is unevenly distributed, to cause cell rupture, institutional framework is damaged, and causes to eat
Product quality is decreased obviously.And the tiny ice crystal generated into the cell with iuntercellular, juice loss lighter to the mechanical damage of cell
It is few, it can preferably save the quality and nutritional ingredient of food.Frozen food is edible or generally will be into before carrying out deep processing
Row thaws.Frozen food histiocytic height for restoring degree direct influence thawed product quality when thawing, it is better to restore, solution
It is higher to freeze product quality, it is on the contrary then lower.It is possible that juice loss, discoloration, flavor loss, quality change in course of defrosting
The variation such as change, all has a great impact to the institutional framework of raw-food material, physicochemical property and microbiological indicator, drops food quality
It is low.Therefore, one of an important factor for thawing mode is influence frozen food quality.
Currently, common deforst technique mainly passes through the external heating technologies such as convection current, conduction or radiation, low frequency, high frequency
With heating technique and vacuum thawing technology etc. inside the dielectric induction of microwave etc..There is some technologies for existing deforst technique
Limitation.For example, to go deep into speed slow for common heating technology, it is easily introduced secondary pollution, is unfavorable for the holding of food freshness itself, face
Color, quality or nutritional ingredient are all horizontal far away from before freezing;Dielectric induction heating technique has material itself and operating condition higher
It is required that there is obvious uneven and local superheating phenomenon in internal thaw easily;In addition, establishing and safeguarding defrosting vacuum system expense mistake
It is high.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the invention is: in order to solve problem above existing in the prior art, the invention proposes one kind
The jelly to thaw for frozen food turns fresh device.
The technical scheme is that a kind of jelly to thaw for frozen food turns fresh device, including cabinet body, temperature control device
With low-frequency alternating electric field generating apparatus;The temperature control device includes air curtain, image recognition camera and numerical control display screen, described
Numerical control display screen is connect with image recognition camera and air curtain respectively, and the air curtain is arranged in cabinet body roof, the figure
As identifying camera setting in cabinet body side wall, the numerical control display screen is arranged outside cabinet body;The low-frequency alternating electric field generates
Device includes integrated switch control device, current signal generating source and discharge electrode, the current signal generating source respectively with it is integrated
Switch controlling device and discharge electrode connection, and the integrated switch control device and current signal generating source are arranged at cabinet body top
Portion, the discharge electrode are arranged in air curtain motor spindle.
Further, described image identification camera carries out image recognition processing to frozen food, obtains frozen food
Classification and dimension volume information are simultaneously transmitted to numerical control display screen.
Further, the numerical control display screen preset temperature corresponding with the classification of frozen food and dimension volume information and
Duration parameter, and the heating of sublevel segmentation is carried out according to preset temperature and duration state modulator air curtain and is thawed.
Further, the air outlet of the air curtain is arranged in two sides.
Further, the current signal generating source generates the Low-frequency alternating currents between 50Hz~50KHz, is linked into and puts
Battery plate.
Further, the discharge electrode generates low-frequency alternating electric field in cabinet body.
It thaws the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention carries out the heating of sublevel segmentation to frozen food by temperature control device,
Low-frequency alternating electric field is applied to frozen food using low-frequency alternating electric field generating apparatus simultaneously, hydrone is promoted vivaciously to move, with
Meat freshness is kept, reduces nutrition loss to greatest extent, with structure is simple, at low cost, effect is good, the frozen food after defrosting
It is suitble to make further genralrlization in the market the advantages that still possessing the freshness of high quality.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram that the jelly to thaw for frozen food of the invention turns fresh device;
Wherein, appended drawing reference are as follows: 1, cabinet body, 2, air curtain, 3, image recognition camera, 4, numerical control display screen, 5, integrated
Switch controlling device, 6, current signal generating source, 7, discharge electrode.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, turning the structural schematic diagram of fresh device for the jelly to thaw for frozen food of the invention.One kind is used for
The jelly that frozen food thaws turns fresh device, including cabinet body 1, temperature control device and low-frequency alternating electric field generating apparatus;The temperature control dress
It sets including air curtain 2, image recognition camera 3 and numerical control display screen 4, the numerical control display screen 4 is imaged with image recognition respectively
First 3 and air curtain 2 connect, and the setting of the air curtain 2, in 1 roof of cabinet body, described image identifies that camera 3 is arranged in cabinet body 1
Side wall, the numerical control display screen 4 are arranged outside cabinet body 1;The low-frequency alternating electric field generating apparatus includes integrated switch control
Device 5, current signal generating source 6 and discharge electrode 7, the current signal generating source 6 respectively with integrated switch control device 5 and put
Battery plate 7 connects, and the integrated switch control device 5 and current signal generating source 6 are arranged at 1 top of cabinet body, the electric discharge
Plate 7 is arranged in 2 bottom of air curtain.
In an alternate embodiment of the present invention where, above-mentioned temperature control device includes air curtain 2,3 and of image recognition camera
Numerical control display screen 4, numerical control display screen 4 are connect with image recognition camera 3 and air curtain 2 respectively, and air curtain 2 is arranged in cabinet body
1 roof, the setting of image recognition camera 3 are arranged outside cabinet body 1 in 1 side wall of cabinet body, numerical control display screen 4.
Image recognition camera 3 of the invention carries out image recognition processing to frozen food, obtains the classification of frozen food
With dimension volume information and be transmitted to numerical control display screen 4;The main body of image recognition camera 3 is made of OpenMV3Cam M7, interior
It is equipped with circuit board, the microprocessor of the circuit board is STM32F765VI ARM Cortex M7 processor.And on the circuit board also
There are external SD card memory module, photosensitive element OV7725 and several external interfaces.The circuit board is based on MicroPython language
Speech is applied, therefore machine vision algorithm can be called to complete machine vision applications by high-level language Python script, real
Existing image recognition.
Image recognition includes five steps: image input, image preprocessing, feature extraction, classification and matching.
Image input: the image for the frozen food that the capture of image recognition camera is put into cabinet passes through the photosensitive member of circuit board
Part is converted into digital information, is stored in circuit board memory module;
Image preprocessing: circuit board microprocessor pre-processes these images inputted, and pretreated purpose is
Except the noise in image, a width clearly point and line chart is turned it into, in order to extract correct characteristics of image.It is cold for same class
For jelly food, such as chilled meat, because freezing the difference of degree, different chilled meat shades is different, can not thus lead to
Cross the classification that shade identifies meat.Therefore, it is important that extracting size characteristic and textural characteristics.Pass through textural characteristics
The classification of meat can be identified.In order to extract correct musculature texture, need background area, rouge before feature extraction
Fat tissue and connective tissue and musculature are accurately separated, call a series of machine vision algorithms by Python script
Image is handled, if noise remove uses mean filter method, edge detection method divides background, and position is corrected and image two-value
Change processing, and then obtain binary image.
Feature extraction: calling algorithm to extract size characteristic and textural characteristics respectively to binary image processing, and size is special
Sign carries out operation again, calculates dimensional parameters.
Classification: being stored in the characteristic pattern and parameter of the meat texture of standard in a storage module in advance, and point good classification is established
Play class template library.Statistics with histogram is carried out to the texture eigenvalue extracted, and by histogram normalized, then is divided
Analysis is screened, some classification being included into prior established standard meat class template library.
Matching: the textural characteristics figure being newly included into is compared with the standard meat textural characteristics of the category in template library
Match, to confirm the classification of chilled meat.It will identify that the frozen food classification being put into cabinet body 1 and dimension volume information are defeated
Out, this information is passed to the monoboard microcomputer of numerical control display screen 4, then numerical control display screen 4 carries out intelligentized control sublevel segmentation
The temperature and duration parameter of defrosting, further increase efficiency.
In an alternate embodiment of the present invention where, the default classification and size with frozen food of above-mentioned numerical control display screen 4
The corresponding temperature of volume information and duration parameter, and according to preset temperature and duration state modulator air curtain 2 into
The heating of row sublevel segmentation is thawed.In course of defrosting, heated up and thawed using sublevel segmentation, be divided into three phases, temperature respectively by
High to Low, duration is had nothing in common with each other, and temperature and duration parameter are according to the material and volume of the frozen food being put into
And it is adjusted.The setting of the sublevel segmentation thaw point and duration parameter and regulation are by embedded with monoboard microcomputer
Numerical control display screen is completed.Numerical control display screen is one piece of capacitive touch display screen, and inside is embedded with monoboard microcomputer, and then controls air curtain
The temperature of the hot wind of the unlatching duration and blowout of 2 machines.
In an alternate embodiment of the present invention where, above-mentioned air curtain 2 is made of PTC formula heating air curtain device, air outlet
It is arranged in two sides;PTC formula heating air curtain device generates the air-flow of high speed, so that the region of independent temperature is formed inside cabinet body 1, for solution
Freeze frozen food and creates suitable temperature environment.And ensure that 1 various places inside temperature difference of cabinet body is small, it allows for cold
The uniform external heating of jelly food is thawed.
In an alternate embodiment of the present invention where, above-mentioned 5 control device on-off of inte-grated switch device, current signal generate
After alternating current is accessed in source 6, the Low-frequency alternating currents signal between 50Hz~50KHz is generated, is fed into discharge electrode 7, discharge electrode 7 is in cabinet
Low-frequency alternating electric field is generated in body 1.Alternating electric field is formed inside cabinet body 1 and is uniformly distributed, and stable state exists when keeping long.Low frequency
Alternating electric field can promote the hydrone deposited in the intracorporal frozen food of cabinet to polarize, and make it with low-frequency alternating electricity
The non-heating vibration of field holding low frequency, hydrone thus the frictional impact acceleration increased to each other are transformed into liquid by solid-state ice crystal,
While shortening thawing time, hydrone is still stored in the intracellular of frozen food, to keep the freshness of food, maximum limit
Degree reduces nutrition loss.Simultaneously in this way, turning in fresh cabinet freezing, so that various pieces are thawed simultaneously inside and outside frozen food, thus slow
It is melted into room temperature food, is not lost substantially to reach its internal cell liquid, the purpose that nutriment is greatly retained.
The present invention is observation object with the meat of identical freezing conditions, is distinguished in terms of color texture, nutrition two.It is real
It tests the results show that turning the meat clean mark that fresh device is thawed using jelly of the present invention, texture is uniform, and diffusate is few,
The degree that cell tissue is destroyed is minimum, and nutrition saves more complete.And the meat texture confusion, texture in traditional defreezing method are not
Uniformly, cell tissue is greatly destroyed.Jelly of the invention turns fresh device with structure is simple, at low cost, effect is good, thaws
Frozen food afterwards still possesses the advantages that freshness of high quality, is suitble to make further genralrlization in the market.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the embodiments described herein, which is to help reader, understands this hair
Bright principle, it should be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific embodiments and embodiments.This field
Those of ordinary skill disclosed the technical disclosures can make according to the present invention and various not depart from the other each of essence of the invention
The specific variations and combinations of kind, these variations and combinations are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of jelly to thaw for frozen food turns fresh device, which is characterized in that including cabinet body (1), temperature control device and low frequency
Alternating electric field generation device;The temperature control device includes air curtain (2), image recognition camera (3) and numerical control display screen (4),
The numerical control display screen (4) connect with image recognition camera (3) and air curtain (2) respectively, and the air curtain (2) setting exists
Cabinet body (1) roof, described image identify camera (3) setting in cabinet body (1) side wall, and the numerical control display screen (4) is arranged in cabinet
Body (1) is external;The low-frequency alternating electric field generating apparatus include integrated switch control device (5), current signal generating source (6) and
Discharge electrode (7), the current signal generating source (6) connect with integrated switch control device (5) and discharge electrode (7) respectively, and institute
It states integrated switch control device (5) and current signal generating source (6) is arranged at the top of cabinet body (1), discharge electrode (7) setting
In air curtain (2) bottom.
2. the jelly to thaw as described in claim 1 for frozen food turns fresh device, which is characterized in that described image identification is taken the photograph
As head (3) carry out image recognition processing to frozen food, obtains the classification of frozen food and dimension volume information and be transmitted to number
It controls display screen (4).
3. the jelly to thaw as claimed in claim 2 for frozen food turns fresh device, which is characterized in that the numerical control display screen
(4) temperature corresponding with the classification of frozen food and dimension volume information and duration parameter are preset, and according to preset temperature
Degree and duration state modulator air curtain (2) carry out the heating of sublevel segmentation and thaw.
4. the jelly to thaw as claimed in claim 3 for frozen food turns fresh device, which is characterized in that the air curtain (2)
Air outlet be arranged in two sides.
5. the jelly to thaw as claimed in claim 4 for frozen food turns fresh device, which is characterized in that the current signal produces
Source of students (6) generates the Low-frequency alternating currents between 50Hz~50KHz, is linked into discharge electrode (7).
6. the jelly to thaw as claimed in claim 5 for frozen food turns fresh device, which is characterized in that the discharge electrode (7)
Low-frequency alternating electric field is generated in cabinet body (1).
Priority Applications (1)
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CN201811206750.9A CN109170491A (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2018-10-17 | A kind of fresh device of jelly to thaw for frozen food turn |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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CN201811206750.9A CN109170491A (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2018-10-17 | A kind of fresh device of jelly to thaw for frozen food turn |
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Family
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CN201811206750.9A Pending CN109170491A (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2018-10-17 | A kind of fresh device of jelly to thaw for frozen food turn |
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Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3009243U (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1995-04-04 | 栄次 丸子 | Refrigerating and thawing equipment for frozen products |
JP2014171418A (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2014-09-22 | Kitasato Institute | Frozen food thawing method and apparatus |
CN105532842A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-05-04 | 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | Multifunctional freezing, fresh-keeping and unfreezing storehouse |
CN106036360A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-10-26 | 张维秀 | On-line and real-time monitoring electrostatic thawing cabinet |
CN106989555A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-07-28 | 合肥美菱股份有限公司 | A kind of refrigerator with defrosting function |
CN207095121U (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-03-13 | 黄武 | With the Multifunctional demonstration refrigerator-freezer to thaw with preservation device |
CN107788093A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-03-13 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of high-voltage electrostatic field combined vacuum intelligent control meat defrosting method and apparatus |
CN107927140A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-20 | 上海应用技术大学 | A kind of defreezing method for freezing beef |
CN108184978A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-06-22 | 仇颖莹 | A kind of meat product thawing apparatus |
CN108338310A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-07-31 | 赵顺全 | A kind of food is pre- to thaw and quick-thawing sterilizing freshness-retaining device |
-
2018
- 2018-10-17 CN CN201811206750.9A patent/CN109170491A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3009243U (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1995-04-04 | 栄次 丸子 | Refrigerating and thawing equipment for frozen products |
JP2014171418A (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2014-09-22 | Kitasato Institute | Frozen food thawing method and apparatus |
CN105532842A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-05-04 | 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | Multifunctional freezing, fresh-keeping and unfreezing storehouse |
CN106036360A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-10-26 | 张维秀 | On-line and real-time monitoring electrostatic thawing cabinet |
CN106989555A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-07-28 | 合肥美菱股份有限公司 | A kind of refrigerator with defrosting function |
CN207095121U (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-03-13 | 黄武 | With the Multifunctional demonstration refrigerator-freezer to thaw with preservation device |
CN107788093A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-03-13 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of high-voltage electrostatic field combined vacuum intelligent control meat defrosting method and apparatus |
CN107927140A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-20 | 上海应用技术大学 | A kind of defreezing method for freezing beef |
CN108184978A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-06-22 | 仇颖莹 | A kind of meat product thawing apparatus |
CN108338310A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-07-31 | 赵顺全 | A kind of food is pre- to thaw and quick-thawing sterilizing freshness-retaining device |
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