CN109163651A - A kind of cantilever member degree of disturbing measuring device and method based on strain - Google Patents
A kind of cantilever member degree of disturbing measuring device and method based on strain Download PDFInfo
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- CN109163651A CN109163651A CN201710678180.2A CN201710678180A CN109163651A CN 109163651 A CN109163651 A CN 109163651A CN 201710678180 A CN201710678180 A CN 201710678180A CN 109163651 A CN109163651 A CN 109163651A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000036244 malformation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
- G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
- G01M5/0058—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems of elongated objects, e.g. pipes, masts, towers or railways
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cantilever member degree of disturbing measuring device and method based on strain, measuring device includes: unidirectional Strain Meter Set, for measuring the strain variation of cantilever member upper and lower surface at monitoring point；Data acquisition components, for acquiring the measurement data of each monitoring point；Data handling component, the strain variation for being measured according to unidirectional Strain Meter Set, by strain-degree of disturbing method handles measurement data, obtain cantilever member deformation curve.Present invention can apply to pay the cantilever members such as anchor pole and pipe canopy in advance in the cantilever design and Tunnel Engineering under arbitrary form in building structure.The present invention has effectively evaded the inherent shortcoming restricted in traditional total station one-point measurement method and laser ranging method by sight, and precision with higher, is able to achieve the dynamic monitoring of malformation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of deflection measurement of cantilever members such as cantilever beams, anchor rods, pipe sheds and the like, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the deflection of the cantilever members based on strain.
Background
In the engineering design, construction and service process, the deformation of the component is measured, which is helpful for accurately grasping the stress deformation state of the key part of the component, thereby prejudging the deformation development trend of the component and ensuring the safety of the construction process and the reliability of the service stage. Therefore, it is an extremely important task to perform accurate structural measurement.
At the present stage, the main method for measuring the deformation of the component is to adopt a total station instrument to measure at fixed points. For example, chinese patent publication No. CN106500651A discloses a safety monitoring method for geometric deformation of a structure, which can obtain structural deformation under different working conditions through certain theoretical conversion based on the measurement result of a total station, thereby predicting the structural deformation and ensuring that the structural deformation is controlled within a corresponding safety range. However, in the actual construction process and even in the normal service stage of the structure, due to the vision blockage of obstacles such as a protective net, a temporary supporting member, a template, a stacking object and the like, the deformation measurement by using the total station method is limited to a great extent, and accurate measurement of the deformation of the member is difficult to realize. The monitoring of the building structure by adopting laser ranging is also a commonly used monitoring means at the present stage, for example, chinese patent publication No. CN104949627A discloses a laser-based structural deformation measuring system, which can realize the measurement of the structural surface deformation by arranging a plurality of laser heads and photosensitive bars on the structural surface. However, the laser ranging method still cannot break through the barrier shielding restriction, and only can measure the linear distance of the structural surface deformation, and cannot fit the deformation state of the whole component.
Therefore, how to avoid the inherent defects in the monitoring method, and create a structural deformation measuring method with wider applicability, simple operation and good precision becomes a problem to be solved urgently in engineering construction process and service state monitoring.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for measuring the deflection of a cantilever member based on strain, which solve the problem that the existing stage member deformation measurement cannot break through the barrier shielding restriction, make the measurement process simpler and more convenient and are not influenced and restricted by the working environment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a strain-based cantilever member deflection measurement device, comprising:
the unidirectional strain gauge group is used for measuring the strain change of the upper surface and the lower surface of the cantilever member at the monitoring point;
the data acquisition assembly is used for acquiring the measurement data of each monitoring point;
and the data processing assembly is used for processing the measurement data acquired by the data acquisition assembly through a strain-disturbance method according to the strain change measured by the unidirectional strain gauge set to acquire a cantilever member deformation curve.
The unidirectional strain gauge group comprises:
a strain gauge;
the support is used for supporting and fixing the strain gauge;
and the signal wire is used for electrically connecting the strain gauge with the data processing component.
The unidirectional strain gauge group also comprises a protective layer which coats an assembly formed by the strain gauge, the support and the signal wire.
The number of the strain gauges is more than two; and more than two strain gauges are uniformly distributed in the protective layer, and the distance between every two adjacent strain gauges is 0.5 m.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a method for measuring the deflection of the cantilever member based on the strain, which comprises the following steps:
1) before the member deforms, intercepting a unidirectional strain gauge group with enough length according to the actual size of the cantilever member, correspondingly arranging the unidirectional strain gauge group on the upper surface and the lower surface of a measuring point, aligning and closely adhering the unidirectional strain gauge group to the surface of the cantilever member to be measured, and recording the initial state of the strain gauge;
2) after the member deforms, reading the values of strain gauges on the upper surface and the lower surface of the measuring point, and calculating the average curvature of each section of the cantilever member and the rotation angle of each measuring point;
3) according to the average curvature and the measuring point rotation angle of each segment, adopting a strain-disturbance degree conversion algorithm to obtain disturbance degree increment of each segment, and accumulating the disturbance degree increment of each segment to obtain a disturbance degree value of each measuring point;
4) and fitting a deformation curve of the component based on the disturbance quantity of each measuring point.
In the step 1), the distances between the end of the unidirectional strain gauge set and the fixed support end and the free end of the cantilever member are all less than 0.5m, and the corner, curvature and deflection at the fixed support end after the cantilever member is deformed are 0.
In step 2), the average curvature calculation formula of each segment of the member is as follows:
wherein,i＝0,1,2,…,n，εup,iand εdown,iRespectively the strain value rho measured by the strain gauges on the upper and lower surfaces at the measuring point ii-1And ρiRespectively the curvatures of the measuring points at the two ends of the ith segment; h isiThe vertical distance between the strain gauges on the upper surface and the lower surface is shown, and n is the number of measuring points.
In the step 2), a calculation formula of the rotation angle of each measuring point is as follows:wherein, thetai-1、θiThe corners of the sections at the two ends of the ith section are respectively; liIs the length of the segment; the angle of rotation of the cantilever member fixed end is theta0＝0°。
In the step 3), the disturbance increment calculation formula at the measuring point i is as follows:
the calculation of the disturbance value at the m-th measuring point is as follows:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention effectively avoids the inherent defects of the traditional whole station instrument fixed point measurement method and the traditional laser ranging method which are restricted by sight, has higher precision, is not influenced by a load distribution mode, and can realize dynamic monitoring of the structural deformation. The invention can be applied to cantilever beam structures in building structures, and can be used for solving the technical problems that in the construction of tunnel engineering, components such as anchor rods, advanced pipe sheds and the like are buried in soil, and the deformation monitoring of the components cannot be realized by the traditional means.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the deformation of the overall structure of a test beam;
FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a test point;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between strain and curvature.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-2, one embodiment of the present invention generally includes a unidirectional strain gauge array for measuring strain changes on the upper and lower surfaces of the cantilevered member at a monitoring point; the data acquisition assembly is used for collecting the measurement data of each monitoring point; and the data processing assembly is used for processing the acquired measurement data through a strain-disturbance method to obtain a cantilever member deformation curve.
Furthermore, the unidirectional strain gauge group consists of a support 11, a strain gauge 12, a signal wire 13 and a protective film 14, wherein the strain gauge is embedded in the support, and the support is fixed on the inner wall of the protective film. During measurement, the unidirectional strain gauge group with enough length is intercepted according to the actual size of the detection component, and is closely attached and fixedly connected to the surface of the cantilever component to be detected, so that the deformation of the component can be monitored. The data acquisition assembly consists of a data line 21 and a data acquisition box 22, and is connected with the unidirectional strain gauge group and the data box through the data line during measurement so as to collect measurement data in time. The data processing component consists of a computer 31 and a data wire 32, and the computer reads the measured data in the data box in time through the data wire during measurement and processes the data in time based on a strain-disturbance method.
Aiming at the device, the invention designs a method for measuring the deflection of the cantilever member based on the strain, which mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) before the component deforms, a sufficient length of one-way strain gauge set is cut out according to the actual size of the cantilever component, the upper surface and the lower surface of a measuring point are correspondingly arranged, the one-way strain gauge set is aligned to the upper surface and the lower surface of the measuring point, the upper surface and the lower surface are closely attached and fixed on the surface of the cantilever component to be measured, and the initial state of the strain gauge is recorded.
(2) And after the member deforms, reading the values of the upper and lower surface strain gauges, and calculating the average curvature of each segment and the rotation angle of each measuring point.
(3) And according to the average curvature and the measuring point rotation angle of each segment, obtaining the disturbance increment of each segment by adopting a strain-disturbance conversion algorithm, and obtaining the disturbance value of each measuring point by accumulation.
(4) And fitting a deformation curve of the component based on the disturbance values of the measuring points.
Furthermore, the distance between the tip of the unidirectional strain gauge group in the step (1) and the fixed end and the free end of the cantilever member needs to be less than 0.5m, and the rotating angle, the curvature and the deflection at the fixed end after the cantilever member is deformed are 0.
Further, the calculation formula of the curvature at the measuring point in the step (2) and the average curvature is as follows:
in the formula ofup,iAnd εdown,iRespectively the strain value rho measured by the upper and lower strain gauges at the measuring point iiAnd ρi-1The curvatures of the measuring points at the two ends of the ith segment respectively,is the mean curvature.
Further, the recursive formula of the rotation angle at the measurement point i in the step (2) is as follows:
in the formula [ theta ]i-1And thetaiRespectively, the corners of the cross-sections at both ends of the i-th section, liIs the length of the ith segment. Wherein the angle of rotation of the cantilever member at the fixed end is theta0＝0°。
Further, the incremental calculation formula of the disturbance degree at the measuring point i in the step (3) is as follows:
in the formula [ theta ]i-1And thetaiRespectively, the corners of the cross-sections at both ends of the i-th section, liIs the length of the ith segment.
The calculation formula of the disturbance value of the m-th measuring point of the member is as follows:
and (4) fitting a deformation curve by adopting a difference method based on the disturbance values of the measuring points.
Claims (11)
1. A strain-based cantilever member deflection measurement device, comprising:
the unidirectional strain gauge group is used for measuring the strain change of the upper surface and the lower surface of the cantilever member at the monitoring point;
the data acquisition assembly is used for acquiring the measurement data of each monitoring point;
and the data processing assembly is used for processing the measurement data acquired by the data acquisition assembly through a strain-disturbance method according to the strain change measured by the unidirectional strain gauge set to acquire a cantilever member deformation curve.
2. The strain-based cantilevered member deflection measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of unidirectional strain gauges comprises:
a strain gauge (12);
a support (11) for supporting and fixing the strain gauge (12);
a signal wire (13) for electrically connecting the strain gauge (12) with the data processing assembly.
3. The strain-based cantilevered member deflection measurement apparatus of claim 2, wherein the unidirectional strain gauge package further comprises:
and a protective layer (14) that covers the assembly formed by the strain gauge (12), the support (11), and the signal line (13).
4. The strain-based boom member deflection measurement device of claim 3, wherein the number of strain gauges (12) is two or more; and more than two strain gauges (12) are uniformly distributed in the protective layer (14).
5. The strain-based cantilevered member deflection measurement apparatus of claim 3, wherein the spacing between two adjacent strain gauges (12) is 0.5 m.
6. A method for measuring the deflection of a cantilever member based on strain is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) before the member deforms, intercepting a unidirectional strain gauge group with enough length according to the actual size of the cantilever member, correspondingly arranging the unidirectional strain gauge group on the upper surface and the lower surface of a measuring point, aligning and closely adhering the unidirectional strain gauge group to the surface of the cantilever member to be measured, and recording the initial state of the strain gauge;
2) after the member deforms, reading the values of strain gauges on the upper surface and the lower surface of the measuring point, and calculating the average curvature of each section of the cantilever member and the rotation angle of each measuring point;
3) according to the average curvature and the measuring point rotation angle of each segment, adopting a strain-disturbance degree conversion algorithm to obtain disturbance degree increment of each segment, and accumulating the disturbance degree increment of each segment to obtain a disturbance degree value of each measuring point;
4) and fitting a deformation curve of the component based on the disturbance values of the measuring points.
7. The method for measuring the deflection of the cantilever according to claim 6, wherein in step 1), the distances between the ends of the unidirectional strain gauge sets and the fixed ends and the free ends of the cantilever are less than 0.5m, and the rotation angle, the curvature and the deflection of the cantilever at the fixed ends are 0 after the cantilever is deformed.
8. The method for strain-based cantilever member deflection measurement according to claim 6, wherein in step 2), the mean curvature of each segment of the member is calculated as follows:
wherein,i＝0,1,2,…,n，εup,iand εdown,iRespectively the strain value rho measured by the strain gauges on the upper and lower surfaces at the measuring point ii-1And ρiRespectively the curvatures of the measuring points at the two ends of the ith segment; h isiThe vertical distance of the strain gauges on the upper surface and the lower surface is shown, and n is the number of measuring points.
9. The method for measuring the deflection of a strain-based cantilever member according to claim 8, wherein in step 2), the calculation formula of the rotation angle of each measuring point is as follows:wherein, thetai-1、θiThe corners of the sections at the two ends of the ith section are respectively; liIs divided intoThe length of the segment; the angle of rotation of the cantilever member fixed end is theta0＝0°。
10. The method for measuring the deflection of a strain-based cantilevered member of claim 9, wherein in step 3), the deflection increment at point i is calculated as follows:
11. the method for measuring the deflection of a strain-based cantilevered member of claim 10, wherein in step 3), the deflection value at the m-th measurement point is calculated as follows:
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| CN201710678180.2A CN109163651B (en) | 2017-08-10 | 2017-08-10 | Cantilever member disturbance degree measuring device and method based on strain |
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