CN109162854B - Control method of plasma igniter with double discharge modes - Google Patents

Control method of plasma igniter with double discharge modes Download PDF

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CN109162854B
CN109162854B CN201811258843.6A CN201811258843A CN109162854B CN 109162854 B CN109162854 B CN 109162854B CN 201811258843 A CN201811258843 A CN 201811258843A CN 109162854 B CN109162854 B CN 109162854B
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discharge
anode
ignition
voltage
ionization space
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CN109162854A (en
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宋鹏
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Dalian Minzu University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02PIGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P23/00Other ignition
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24Generating plasma
    • H05H1/2406Generating plasma using dielectric barrier discharges, i.e. with a dielectric interposed between the electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26Plasma torches
    • H05H1/28Cooling arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a control method of a double-discharge-mode plasma igniter, which comprises the following steps: the control method on the piston engine specifically comprises the following steps: judging the position of the crankshaft by a crankshaft position sensor, and if the current crankshaft rotation angle is not equal to a set value, continuing to judge; if the set value is reached, the ECU outputs a low-voltage discharge instruction to the power supply; after the power supply is connected with a discharge command, outputting a certain voltage U1 to the anode, and recording as time t 1; at the moment, the upper anode and the grounding electrode discharge to form dielectric barrier discharge in the ionization space a, the gas in the ionization space a is ionized into non-equilibrium plasma, and then the ionized gas moves downwards and enters the ionization space b through the isolation region by delta t time; the method solves the problems of small ignition energy, poor ignition reliability, low ignition energy utilization rate and the like of the conventional thermal balance plasma igniter.

Description

Control method of plasma igniter with double discharge modes
Technical Field
The invention relates to a control method of a plasma igniter, in particular to a control method of a plasma igniter with double discharge modes.
Background
Natural gas has been widely used as a clean energy source as a motor fuel. In the field of vehicle power, passenger vehicles and load-carrying vehicles using CNG as fuel are increasing; in the field of ship power, CNG and LNG powered ships have become the focus of research in the "2025 manufacturing in china" project. Natural gas as a gaseous fuel requires a larger ignition energy than gasoline, which results in that even a small-bore natural gas engine for vehicles in actual use has difficulty in igniting natural gas with a single spark plug, and therefore the engine has to be operated normally by igniting with another fuel or providing a pre-chamber. This leads to a series of problems of system complexity, increased cost, reduced reliability, and the like. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a novel ignition technology and a relatively simple structure to realize efficient ignition and combustion of natural gas, so that the natural gas engine can stably and reliably work in a single fuel mode.
The defects of the prior art are as follows: (1) the existing spark plug is often accompanied with very high temperature rise, so that the ignition energy utilization rate is low and the service life of an electrode is influenced; (2) the ignition range is only located in a narrow space between the central electrode and the side electrode, and when the ignition range is applied to a large-bore engine or a fuel (such as natural gas) which is difficult to ignite, the ignition reliability is easily reduced due to the fact that the ignition energy is too small.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of small ignition energy, poor ignition reliability, low ignition energy utilization rate and the like of the conventional thermal balance plasma igniter, the application provides a control method of a plasma igniter with double discharge modes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the application is as follows: a method of controlling a dual discharge mode plasma igniter, comprising: the control method on the piston engine specifically comprises the following steps: judging the position of the crankshaft by a crankshaft position sensor, and if the current crankshaft rotation angle is not equal to a set value, continuing to judge; if the set value is reached, the ECU outputs a low-voltage discharge instruction to the power supply;
after the power supply is connected with a discharge command, outputting a certain voltage U1 to the anode, and recording as time t 1; at the moment, the upper anode and the grounding electrode discharge to form dielectric barrier discharge in the ionization space a, the gas in the ionization space a is ionized into non-equilibrium plasma, and then the ionized gas moves downwards and enters the ionization space b through the isolation region by delta t time;
at the time t1+ delta t, the low-voltage discharge command is ended, the upper anode is powered off, at the moment, the ECU outputs a high-voltage discharge command to the power supply, and the power supply outputs a certain voltage U2 to the lower anode, wherein U2 is more than U1; the lower anode and the grounding electrode discharge to form arc discharge in the ionization space b, the non-equilibrium plasma in the ionization space b is ignited, the combustion reaction starts, and flame rushes out of the nozzle in the form of a flame torch and enters the main combustion chamber; when the lower anode discharges, the ECU outputs a control instruction, and air is introduced into an air channel of the lower anode;
the ECU reads a cylinder pressure sensor signal, if the cylinder pressure p is greater than a certain set value p1, the ignition is considered to be successful, and the ECU continues to read a crankshaft position sensor signal to carry out the ignition in the next cycle; if the cylinder pressure p is smaller than p1, the ignition is considered to be failed, at the moment, the ECU outputs an instruction to the power supply, the lower anode is discharged by U2+ delta U, and the cylinder pressure signal is continuously read until the ignition is successful; if the ignition failure is still judged when the discharge voltage is increased to the set value U3, U3> U2; the discharge is terminated and the cycle is not ignited.
Further, the present application also includes a control method on an engine and a combustor, specifically:
the ECU sends a low-voltage discharge instruction to the power supply, and the power supply outputs a certain voltage U1 to the upper anode after receiving the discharge instruction, and the voltage U1 is recorded as time t 1; at this time, the upper anode and the grounding electrode discharge, dielectric barrier discharge is formed in the ionization space a, and the gas in the ionization space a is ionized into non-equilibrium plasma; the ionized gas moves downwards and enters an ionization space b through an isolation area at a time delta t;
at the time t1+ delta t, the low-voltage discharge command is ended, the upper anode is powered off, at the moment, the ECU outputs a high-voltage discharge command to the power supply, and the power supply outputs a certain voltage U2 to the lower anode, wherein U2 is more than U1; the lower anode and the grounding electrode are discharged, arc discharge is formed in the ionization space b, the non-equilibrium plasma in the ionization space b is ignited, and the combustion reaction starts; the flame rushes out of the nozzle in the form of a flame torch and enters the main combustion chamber; when the lower anode discharges, the ECU outputs a control instruction, and air is introduced into an air channel of the lower anode;
the ECU reads a temperature sensor signal to obtain the temperature T in the combustion chamber; if the temperature T is greater than a set value T1, the ignition is considered to be successful, then the high-voltage discharge instruction is terminated, the lower anode is powered off, and the ignition process is finished; if the temperature T is less than T1, the ignition is considered to be failed, at the moment, the ECU outputs an instruction to the power supply, the lower anode is discharged by U2+ delta U, and the temperature signal is continuously read until the ignition is successful; if the ignition failure is still judged when the discharge voltage is increased to the set value U3, U3> U2; and terminating the discharge and outputting a fault alarm signal.
The method is implemented in a double-discharge mode plasma igniter, which comprises an upper anode, a lower anode and an anode insulating sleeve, wherein the upper anode, the lower anode and the anode insulating sleeve are positioned in a grounding electrode;
the anode insulating sleeve comprises a groove a, a groove b and a groove c which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and the groove a, the groove b and the groove c are communicated; the lower anode comprises a connecting boss a, a boss b, a boss c and a platform, wherein the boss a is positioned in the groove a, the boss b is positioned in the groove b, the boss c is positioned in the groove c, and the platform is positioned at the lower part of the grounding electrode;
an ionization space a is formed between a part of groove a of the anode insulating sleeve and the grounding electrode, an isolation area is formed between the groove c of the anode insulating sleeve and the grounding electrode, an ionization space b is formed between the platform of the lower anode and the grounding electrode, and the ionization space b also comprises a bottom space of the lower anode; the ionization space a and the isolation area are communicated with the ionization space b. The lower anode is provided with a hollow structure which is an air channel; the upper anode is positioned at the central position of the plasma igniter.
The double-discharge-mode plasma igniter further comprises a fixing bolt for fixing the relative position between the grounding electrode and the anode insulating sleeve.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention can obtain the following technical effects: the scheme adopts a mode of dielectric barrier discharge-arc discharge combined discharge, can combine the advantages of wide lean burn limit, large reaction activity, high working pressure of thermal equilibrium plasma and the like of non-equilibrium plasma, and achieves the purpose of realizing high-energy and stable ignition in a wide range of fuel-air ratio; meanwhile, a small amount of air is introduced into the lower anode with the hollow structure, so that the effect of cooling the electrode and disturbing the flow field at the nozzle to improve combustion can be achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dual discharge mode plasma igniter;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ignition control strategy as applied to an internal combustion engine;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an ignition control strategy applied to another engine and burner.
The sequence numbers in the figures illustrate: 1. fixing the bolt; 2. an upper anode; 3. an anode insulating sleeve; 4. an ionization space a; 5. an isolation region; 6. positioning the flange; 7. a lower anode; 8. a ground electrode; 9. an ionization space b.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples: the present application is further described by taking this as an example.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the present embodiment provides a dual discharge mode plasma igniter, which includes an upper anode, a lower anode, a ground electrode, an anode insulating sleeve and a fixing bolt; the upper anode is positioned at the central position of the igniter and is fixedly arranged in the anode insulating sleeve; the lower anode has a hollow structure and is arranged in a mounting hole in the anode insulating sleeve; the anode insulation sleeve has two functions, the first function is used for fixing the upper anode and the lower anode and realizing the insulation of the upper anode and the lower anode, and the second function is used for generating an isolation region at the lower end of the anode insulation sleeve so as to prevent the upper anode and the grounding electrode from generating discharge in the range of the ionization space b; the fixing bolt is used for fixing the relative positions of the anode insulating sleeve and the grounding electrode; the lower end of the grounding electrode is provided with a positioning flange for mounting the plasma igniter. According to actual needs, the positioning flange can also be arranged on the upper part of the grounding electrode.
Since the igniter is communicated with the engine combustion chamber, combustible air-fuel mixture exists in the ionization space a, the isolation space and the ionization space b. When the device works, the upper anode and the lower anode are respectively powered by the power supply. The power supply firstly supplies power to the upper anode with lower voltage (for example, less than 1 ten thousand volts), and the lower anode is not electrified; under lower voltage, dielectric barrier discharge occurs between the upper anode, the anode insulating sleeve and the grounding electrode, and the gas in the ionization space a is ionized under the action of an external electric field to generate non-equilibrium plasma consisting of free electrons and positive charge cations, so that the chemical reaction activity is improved. Because the dielectric barrier discharge has flow field disturbance and heating effect on the gas, the ionized gas moves downwards under the action and enters the ionization space b through the isolation space. After the non-equilibrium plasma with high reaction activity enters the ionization space b, the upper anode is powered off, the power supply voltage rises (for example, 1.5-2 ten thousand volts) and supplies power to the lower anode, and arc discharge occurs between the ground electrode and the lower anode under the action of high voltage. When the lower anode is electrified, the air channel in the lower anode is introduced with air, the air does not participate in ionization reaction, and the air plays a role of cooling the electrode and disturbing a flow field at the nozzle to improve combustion. Since the reactivity of the mixture has increased at this time, ignition and combustion reactions occur rapidly. The flame will be blown out of the nozzle orifice in the form of a large-volume flame torch into the engine combustion chamber, igniting a combustible air-fuel mixture located within the combustion chamber.
In the whole discharging process, the ionization space a and the ionization space b are isolated due to the existence of the anode insulating sleeve. Therefore, only dielectric barrier discharge occurs in the ionization space a, and only arc discharge occurs in the ionization space b.
Specifically, the control method of the igniter includes a control method for a piston engine, a control method for another engine and a control method for a combustor;
(1) the control method on the piston engine (reciprocating or rotary piston) is concretely as follows: judging the position of the crankshaft by a crankshaft position sensor, and if the current crankshaft rotation angle is not equal to a set value, continuing to judge; if the set value is reached, the ECU outputs a low-voltage discharge command to the power supply.
After receiving the discharge command, the power source outputs a lower voltage U1 to the anode, which is recorded as time t 1. At this time, the upper anode and the ground electrode discharge, a dielectric barrier discharge is formed in the ionization space a, and the gas in the ionization space a is ionized into non-equilibrium plasma. Thereupon, the ionized gas moves downward through the isolation region into the ionization space b over Δ t time.
At time t1+ Δ t, the low-voltage discharge command is terminated, and the upper anode is powered off. At this time, the ECU outputs a high-voltage discharge command to the power supply, which outputs a certain higher voltage U2 to the lower anode (U2> U1). At this time, the lower anode and the ground electrode are discharged to form arc discharge in the ionization space b, and unbalanced plasma having high reactivity in the ionization space b is ignited to start combustion reaction. The flame rushes out of the nozzle in the form of a flame torch into the primary combustion chamber. When the lower anode discharges, the ECU outputs a control instruction, air is introduced into an air channel of the lower anode and used for cooling the lower anode, and the air rushes out of the nozzle to disturb a flame jet flow field and promote a combustion effect.
The ECU reads the cylinder pressure sensor signal. If the cylinder pressure p is larger than a set value p1, the ignition is considered to be successful, and the ECU continues to read the signal of the crankshaft position sensor and performs the ignition in the next cycle; if the cylinder pressure p is smaller than p1, the ignition is considered to be failed, at the moment, the ECU outputs an instruction to the power supply, the lower anode is discharged by U2+ delta U, and the cylinder pressure signal is continuously read until the ignition is successful; if the ignition failure is still judged when the discharge voltage is increased to the set value U3(U3> U2), the cycle is not ignited again in order to ensure that the ignition electrode safely terminates the discharge.
(2) The control method of other engines and combustors specifically comprises the following steps:
the ECU issues a low-voltage discharge command to the power supply. After receiving the discharge command, the power source outputs a lower voltage U1 to the anode, which is recorded as time t 1. At this time, the upper anode and the ground electrode discharge, a dielectric barrier discharge is formed in the ionization space a, and the gas in the ionization space a is ionized into non-equilibrium plasma. Thereupon, the ionized gas moves downward through the isolation region into the ionization space b over Δ t time.
At time t1+ Δ t, the low-voltage discharge command is terminated, and the upper anode is powered off. At this time, the ECU outputs a high-voltage discharge command to the power supply, which outputs a certain higher voltage U2 to the lower anode (U2> U1). At this time, the lower anode and the ground electrode are discharged to form arc discharge in the ionization space b, and unbalanced plasma having high reactivity in the ionization space b is ignited to start combustion reaction. The flame rushes out of the nozzle in the form of a flame torch into the primary combustion chamber. When the lower anode discharges, the ECU outputs a control instruction, air is introduced into an air channel of the lower anode and used for cooling the lower anode, and the air rushes out of the nozzle to disturb a flame jet flow field and promote a combustion effect.
And the ECU reads the signal of the temperature sensor to acquire the temperature T in the combustion chamber. If the temperature T is larger than a set value T1, the ignition is considered to be successful, then the high-voltage discharge instruction is terminated, the lower anode is powered off, and the ignition process is finished. If the temperature T is less than T1, the ignition is considered to be failed, at the moment, the ECU outputs an instruction to the power supply, the lower anode is discharged by U2+ delta U, and the temperature signal is continuously read until the ignition is successful; if the ignition failure is still judged when the discharge voltage is increased to the set value U3(U3> U2), the discharge is stopped safely for ensuring the ignition electrode, and a fault alarm signal is output.
The protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to substitute or change the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method of controlling a dual discharge mode plasma igniter, comprising:
the control method on the piston engine specifically comprises the following steps: judging the position of the crankshaft by a crankshaft position sensor, and if the current crankshaft rotation angle is not equal to a set value, continuing to judge; if the set value is reached, the ECU outputs a low-voltage discharge instruction to the power supply;
after the power supply is connected with a discharge command, outputting a certain voltage U1 to the anode, and recording as time t 1; at the moment, the upper anode and the grounding electrode discharge to form dielectric barrier discharge in the ionization space a, the gas in the ionization space a is ionized into non-equilibrium plasma, and then the ionized gas moves downwards and enters the ionization space b through the isolation region by delta t time;
at the time t1+ delta t, the low-voltage discharge command is ended, the upper anode is powered off, at the moment, the ECU outputs a high-voltage discharge command to the power supply, and the power supply outputs a certain voltage U2 to the lower anode, wherein U2 is more than U1; the lower anode and the grounding electrode discharge to form arc discharge in the ionization space b, the non-equilibrium plasma in the ionization space b is ignited, the combustion reaction starts, and flame rushes out of the nozzle in the form of a flame torch and enters the main combustion chamber; when the lower anode discharges, the ECU outputs a control instruction, and air is introduced into an air channel of the lower anode;
the ECU reads a cylinder pressure sensor signal, if the cylinder pressure p is greater than a certain set value p1, the ignition is considered to be successful, and the ECU continues to read a crankshaft position sensor signal to carry out the ignition in the next cycle; if the cylinder pressure p is smaller than p1, the ignition is considered to be failed, at the moment, the ECU outputs an instruction to the power supply, the lower anode is discharged by U2+ delta U, and the cylinder pressure signal is continuously read until the ignition is successful; if the ignition failure is still judged when the discharge voltage is increased to the set value U3, U3> U2; terminating the discharge, the cycle not igniting any more;
the method is implemented in a double-discharge mode plasma igniter, which comprises an upper anode, a lower anode and an anode insulating sleeve, wherein the upper anode, the lower anode and the anode insulating sleeve are positioned in a grounding electrode; the anode insulating sleeve comprises a groove a, a groove b and a groove c which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and the groove a, the groove b and the groove c are communicated; the lower anode comprises a connecting boss a, a boss b, a boss c and a platform, the boss a is located in the groove a, the boss b is located in the groove b, the boss c is located in the groove c, and the platform is located at the lower portion of the grounding electrode.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising a method of controlling an engine and a burner, specifically:
the ECU sends a low-voltage discharge instruction to the power supply, and the power supply outputs a certain voltage U1 to the upper anode after receiving the discharge instruction, and the voltage U1 is recorded as time t 1; at this time, the upper anode and the grounding electrode discharge, dielectric barrier discharge is formed in the ionization space a, and the gas in the ionization space a is ionized into non-equilibrium plasma; the ionized gas moves downwards and enters an ionization space b through an isolation area at a time delta t;
at the time t1+ delta t, the low-voltage discharge command is ended, the upper anode is powered off, at the moment, the ECU outputs a high-voltage discharge command to the power supply, and the power supply outputs a certain voltage U2 to the lower anode, wherein U2 is more than U1; the lower anode and the grounding electrode are discharged, arc discharge is formed in the ionization space b, the non-equilibrium plasma in the ionization space b is ignited, and the combustion reaction starts; the flame rushes out of the nozzle in the form of a flame torch and enters the main combustion chamber; when the lower anode discharges, the ECU outputs a control instruction, and air is introduced into an air channel of the lower anode;
the ECU reads a temperature sensor signal to obtain the temperature T in the combustion chamber; if the temperature T is greater than a set value T1, the ignition is considered to be successful, then the high-voltage discharge instruction is terminated, the lower anode is powered off, and the ignition process is finished; if the temperature T is less than T1, the ignition is considered to be failed, at the moment, the ECU outputs an instruction to the power supply, the lower anode is discharged by U2+ delta U, and the temperature signal is continuously read until the ignition is successful; if the ignition failure is still judged when the discharge voltage is increased to the set value U3, U3> U2; and terminating the discharge and outputting a fault alarm signal.
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