CN109160749B - Internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln and calcining method thereof - Google Patents
Internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln and calcining method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109160749B CN109160749B CN201811331743.1A CN201811331743A CN109160749B CN 109160749 B CN109160749 B CN 109160749B CN 201811331743 A CN201811331743 A CN 201811331743A CN 109160749 B CN109160749 B CN 109160749B
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2/00—Lime, magnesia or dolomite
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- C04B2/12—Preheating, burning calcining or cooling in shaft or vertical furnaces
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Abstract
The invention discloses an internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln and a calcination method thereof, wherein the lime shaft kiln comprises a storage bin (1), an adjustable lifting feeding pipe (7), a shaft kiln body (2), an annular preheating chamber (3), a multi-burner combustion chamber (6), an ejector (16), a hollow cross beam (15), a built-in heat exchanger (12), a bottom air seat (11), a cooling blower (17), a driving blower (18), an ash discharging machine (19), a metering bin (20) and a storage bin (21). And determining and selecting the internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln without push rods or with push rods according to the water content and the impurity content of the limestone raw material. The invention aims at the defect that the existing common lime shaft kiln can not calcine or does not calcine fine limestone, can be suitable for both small limestone particles of 5-15 mm and medium limestone particles of 15-30 mm, enlarges the utilization range of solid wastes, and saves mineral resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lime production equipment, and particularly relates to an internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln and a calcination method thereof.
Background
A large amount of 0-30 mm fine powder particles are generated in the limestone crushing and screening production, and 0-5 mm is generally called as powder; small granules of 5-15 mm; the limestone powder with the particle size of 15-30 mm is called as medium-sized particle material, at present, the fine limestone powder is partially used in the industries of cement, sand making, roadbed filling, building materials and the like, most of the fine limestone powder is used as solid waste to be accumulated in the open air, and the environment pollution is caused, and particularly, the high-grade medium-sized particle limestone and small limestone powder are used as waste materials or used for sand making and roadbed filling, so that the large material and the small material are used, and the resource waste is also caused.
Ordinary shaft kiln can't calcine 5 ~ 15mm particle size's material, it is difficult to burn well 15 ~ 30mm particle size's material, the leading cause is because the granule is too little, the void fraction between the material is little causes the interior ventilation of kiln badly, a large amount of blasts cause the overgrate air and the middle part ventilation of kiln is not enough owing to the "boundary wall effect" of shaft kiln, the direct harm that the ventilation is not enough of burning oxygen suppliment in the kiln, form the material and give birth to the fever, the fuel burning is incomplete, and the better fuel of oxygen condition is fully burnt again near air feed mouth department when the material moves to the bottom of kiln, cause the material to take a fire, at this moment the kiln just can't move, can only stop the. A large number of practices repeatedly prove the disadvantage of the common shaft kiln for calcining the small-particle materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln and the calcining method thereof are designed, the 5-30 mm fine particle lime can be effectively calcined, the solid waste utilization range is expanded, mineral resources are saved, and the resource waste and the environmental pollution are reduced.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln comprises a storage bin, an adjustable lifting feeding pipe, a shaft kiln body, an annular preheating chamber, a multi-burner combustion chamber, an ejector, a hollow cross beam, a built-in heat exchanger, a bottom air seat, a cooling air blower, a driving air blower, an ash discharging machine, a metering bin and a storage bin, wherein the storage bin is positioned above the kiln top of the shaft kiln body, a burner is arranged on the kiln top, the opening of the burner faces downwards, and the multi-burner combustion chamber is arranged between the lower part of the burner and the hollow cross beam; the annular preheating chamber is annularly arranged around the multi-burner combustion chamber; the top of the annular preheating chamber shell is provided with a flue gas outlet which is connected with an external induced draft fan through an air exhaust pipeline; the lower part of the storage bin is connected with the annular preheating chamber through an adjustable lifting blanking pipe; the ejector is arranged on the hollow cross beam and comprises a cylindrical nozzle and a conical base, the cylindrical nozzle faces upwards and is positioned below the multi-burner combustion chamber, and the conical base is opened downwards; the built-in heat exchanger and the bottom air seat are sequentially arranged below the hollow cross beam and the ejector, the bottom air seat is divided into a bottom space and an upper space, the bottom space is communicated with an external cooling blower through a pipeline, and side air is blown out to the bottom side area in the kiln; one side of the upper space is communicated with an external driving blower and carries out reverse heat exchange with material flow, the other side of the upper space is connected with the built-in heat exchanger and carries out forward heat exchange with the material flow, and then the heat-exchanged air flow enters a central spray pipe of the built-in heat exchanger; the ash discharging machine, the metering bin and the storage bin are sequentially arranged below the shaft kiln body.
Preferably, the internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln is further provided with an electrical control system, the electrical control system comprises an air quantity and pressure instrument and an electrical control circuit thereof, and a central control machine, and the air quantity and pressure instrument transmits measured data to the central control machine for parametric management.
For limestone raw materials with water content less than or equal to 4% and less impurities such as clay and the like, the internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln is also required to be provided with an annular hot smoke chamber, and the annular hot smoke chamber is annularly arranged below the annular preheating chamber and communicated with the annular preheating chamber to form a special upward flowing channel of hot smoke; because the limestone raw material automatically flows into a multi-burner combustion chamber in the kiln under the action of self gravity, in order to form an annular gap to ensure the raw material to pass through, a channel must be additionally arranged for the upward flow of hot flue gas in the kiln, and an annular hot flue chamber needs to be arranged below an annular preheating chamber; high temperature flue gas receives the draft influence of outside draught fan in the kiln, gets into annular preheating chamber through annular hot smoke chamber passageway upward movement, annular hot smoke chamber passageway and many nozzles combustion chamber intercommunication.
For limestone raw materials with water content of 4% < omega less than or equal to 12% and high impurities such as clay and the like, the raw materials are easy to agglomerate, an annular hot smoke chamber is not needed to be arranged in the internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln, but a push rod and a hydraulic station connected with the push rod are needed to be arranged, otherwise, the raw materials are difficult to feed; the push rod is arranged at the bottom edge of the annular preheating chamber, and is powered by the hydraulic station to push the raw materials to flow downwards into the multi-burner combustion chamber; the raw material flow is assisted by the action of the external force of the push rod, and the hot flue gas and the raw material in the kiln can share a channel, so that an annular hot smoke chamber is not required to be arranged.
Preferably, the number of the push heads is more than or equal to 8, so that the uniformity of feeding is ensured.
Limestone raw materials enter the annular preheating chamber from the storage bin through the adjustable lifting blanking pipe, and the adjustable lifting blanking pipe is used for adjusting the material layer height in the annular preheating chamber.
The kiln top comprises refractory lining and structural support piece, has the heat transfer air current to carry out the heat transfer through the structural support piece's of kiln top space about to guarantee that upper portion patrols that the temperature environment is comfortable, simultaneously, the heat transfer wind is as combustion-supporting primary air, also helps the energy-concerving and environment-protective of shaft kiln.
The multi-nozzle combustion chamber is an interval for generating high-temperature calcination, the fuel used by the nozzle is liquid or gas fuel, and is connected with the nozzle through a conveying pipeline, so that the multi-nozzle combustion chamber is convenient to convey, use and adjust, and preferably adopts high-efficiency clean fuel; if the supply of liquid and gas fuels can not meet the requirements, the pulverized coal fuel can be manually prepared, the fineness of the pulverized coal is 200 meshes, the water content is less than or equal to 3 percent, and the coal pulverizing technology is mature and can be directly selected; after the burner switch is turned on, the generated flame is from top to bottom, and the material is calcined through heat radiation; the temperature generated by flame is about 1200-1300 ℃, and the calcining time is as follows according to different particle fractions: 5-15 mm particles, and the calcining time is 2-2.5 h; 15-30 mm particles, and the calcining time is 3-3.5 h; the temperature field generated by combustion of the multiple burners is more uniform than that of a single burner, and the multi-burner flame length is shorter than that of the single burner, so that the height of a combustion space can be reduced by about 2 m.
Preferably, the number of the burner is more than or equal to 3.
The annular preheating chamber is a flue gas ascending channel and is also a functional interval for preheating raw materials by utilizing flue gas; in the annular preheating chamber, high-temperature flue gas fully exchanges heat with raw materials in the preheating chamber through an internally arranged ventilation beam, and the temperature at a flue gas outlet is reduced to 200-250 ℃; and the flue gas flow velocity v is less than or equal to 0.3m/s, and is discharged out of the annular preheater and the multi-burner combustion chamber through a flue gas outlet.
Considering that the resistance of the materials in the annular preheating chamber is mainly influenced by the height of the material layer during actual operation, the actual raw materials are not in an ideal state, the porosity of the raw materials is different from the calculation, and an adjusting means is necessary to be set; the top of the annular preheating chamber is designed to be negative pressure, the value of the negative pressure is set to be-100 Pa, the resistance loss of a material layer is valued according to 800-1000 Pa/m, and the drawing force of the induced draft fan is selected according to the parameter requirements.
The preheating time of the raw materials in the annular preheating chamber is 3.5-5 hours, the time period from the time when the raw materials enter the annular preheating chamber to the time when the raw materials are cooled and discharged from the kiln is 7.5-10.5 hours, and the calcining period can be adjusted by adjusting the discharging speed.
The built-in heat exchanger comprises a left side channel, a right side channel and a central spray pipe, wherein each side channel consists of a plurality of small air pipes; wherein, the small air pipe at one side is communicated with an external driving blower through one side of the upper space of the bottom air seat, and the air flow and the material flow of the material carry out reverse flow heat exchange; the small air pipe on the other side is connected with the other side of the upper space of the bottom air seat, wherein airflow and material flow of materials are subjected to forward heat exchange and then converged to the central spray pipe of the built-in heat exchanger, preheated driving air is upwards sprayed out to enter the ejector on the upper part, the bottom of the multi-burner combustion chamber is driven to locally generate forward airflow which is downwards the same as the flowing direction of the materials, so that a so-called ' forward flow zone ' is formed, the forward airflow circularly enters the conical base of the ejector to calcine the materials from the back, the defect that the single side of the materials is heated in the traditional vertical kiln calcination is overcome, the calcination of the materials is more uniform, the pressure of the area is changed due to the driving airflow of the surrounding airflow by the ejector, the area is close to ' vacuum ', the interference of the airflow is less, and the state similar to ' a. The advantages of adopting the built-in heat exchanger and the direct injection of the injector are that: simple structure, heat exchange efficiency is high, and the external heat transfer mode of kiln is sent into again to the external heat exchanger of foreign adoption has the pipe blockage, and expense such as equipment and pipeline keep warm is high, the not good defect of heat exchange efficiency.
The driving air is air which drives the blower to blow into the built-in heat exchanger, the built-in heat exchanger improves the temperature of the driving air in the built-in heat exchanger, so that the temperature of the multi-burner combustion chamber cannot be greatly reduced due to low-temperature jet airflow, and the quality of the jet effect is the key for the type selection of the built-in heat exchanger; the other function of the built-in heat exchanger is to recover the waste heat of the bottom area in the kiln, and is also an important measure for saving energy and reducing consumption; the driving air is cold air at the position of the kiln bottom inlet, and the temperature of the driving air at the position of the central spray pipe nozzle reaches 600-800 ℃ after heat exchange is carried out through the built-in heat exchanger.
The heat exchange area of the built-in heat exchanger is determined by thermal engineering calculation according to parameters such as heat transfer coefficient, logarithmic temperature difference and quality of a heat exchange medium; the materials of the built-in heat exchanger and the ejector are high-temperature-resistant 310S steel.
The side air is cold air blown into the bottom space of the bottom air seat by the cooling blower and blown to the bottom side area in the kiln, the pressure of the cooling blower is selected, the side air blown out by the cooling blower needs to be sent to the position with the same height of an ejector in the kiln, and frequency conversion adjustment is adopted in actual implementation; the side air blown out from the bottom space of the bottom air seat is in charge of cooling the materials in the bottom edge area in the kiln on the one hand, and on the other hand, the side air and the materials are heated after heat exchange and enter a multi-burner combustion chamber to help the raw materials to be combusted.
And the total air supply amount of the cooling blower and the driving blower is calculated according to the thermodynamic balance, wherein the driving air amount accounts for 30-35% of the total air amount.
The height-diameter ratio of the shaft kiln body is about 3 (the height of a combustion chamber is not counted), and the difference between a furnace lining and a common shaft kiln is not large.
The effect of draught fan is to discharge into the atmosphere after introducing environmental protection system to handle with the flue gas of annular preheating chamber, the draught fan pressure is higher than the pressure of ordinary shaft kiln, about 5 ~ 7.5KPa to adopt the frequency conversion means.
The invention also discloses a calcining method of the internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials and fuels, selecting an internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln without a push rod or with a push rod: firstly, limestone raw materials are grouped according to particle sizes, wherein 5-15 mm is a fine particle group, and 15-30 mm is a small particle group; then according to the water content and impurity content of the limestone raw material, determining and selecting an internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln without a push rod or with a push rod; for limestone raw materials with water content less than or equal to 4 percent and less impurities such as clay and the like, selecting an internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln without a push rod, and for limestone raw materials with water content more than 4 percent and omega less than or equal to 12 percent and higher impurities such as clay and the like, selecting an internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln with a push rod;
(2) blanking and exhausting flue gas: the raw materials fall into an annular preheating chamber through a stock bin and an adjustable lifting blanking pipe, and the height and the pressure of a material layer in the annular preheating chamber are adjusted through the adjustable lifting blanking pipe; the smoke outlet maintains negative pressure of-100 Pa, the temperature of waste gas does not exceed 250 ℃, and CO in the smoke discharged from the kiln2The volume concentration reaches 35-40 percent and is used for trapping CO2And recovery of CO in chemical industry2Conditions are created;
(3) preheating and calcining:
preheating the limestone raw material in an annular preheating chamber for 3.5-5 h at 25-800 ℃; the limestone raw material enters a multi-burner combustion chamber for calcination, the combustion temperature is 1200-1300 ℃, the calcination time is 2-3.5 h, and the calcination time does not exceed 2h for 5-15 mm small-particle limestone; for medium-sized limestone particles with the particle size of 15-30 mm, the time is not more than 3.5 hours;
(4) cooling and discharging:
after cooling by bottom air seat side air and heat exchange by a built-in heat exchanger, the lime stone is discharged at 50-70 ℃, and then is discharged out of the kiln for storage after passing through a lime discharging machine, an air locking gate and a metering bin.
The invention also discloses a calcining method of the internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials and fuels, selecting an internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln without a push rod or with a push rod: firstly, limestone raw materials are grouped according to particle size, wherein 5-15 mm is a small particle group, and 15-30 mm is a medium particle group; then according to the water content and impurity content of the limestone raw material, determining and selecting an internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln without a push rod or with a push rod; for limestone raw materials with water content less than or equal to 4 percent and less impurities such as clay and the like, selecting an internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln without a push rod, and for limestone raw materials with water content more than 4 percent and omega less than or equal to 12 percent and higher impurities such as clay and the like, selecting an internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln with a push rod;
(2) blanking and exhausting flue gas: the raw materials enter the annular preheating chamber through the stock bin and the adjustable lifting blanking pipe, and the material layer height and pressure in the annular preheating chamber are adjusted through the adjustable lifting blanking pipe, so that the raw materials further fall into the multi-burner combustion chamber; the inner circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln with the push rod needs a hydraulic station and the push rod to assist in pushing the raw materials into a multi-burner combustion chamber; the smoke outlet maintains negative pressure of-100 Pa, the temperature of waste gas does not exceed 250 ℃, and CO in the smoke discharged from the kiln2The volume concentration reaches 35-40 percent and is used for trapping CO2And recovery of CO in chemical industry2Conditions are created;
(3) preheating and calcining: preheating the limestone raw material in an annular preheating chamber for 3.5-5 h at 25-800 ℃; the limestone raw material enters a multi-burner combustion chamber for calcination, the combustion temperature is 1200-1300 ℃, the calcination time is 2-3.5 h, and the calcination time does not exceed 2h for 5-15 mm small particles; for 15-30 mm medium-sized particles, the time is not more than 3.5 hours;
(4) cooling and discharging: after cooling by the bottom air seat side air and heat exchange by the built-in heat exchanger, the lime stone is discharged at the temperature of 50-70 ℃, and then is conveyed to a storage bin for storage after passing through an ash discharging machine and a metering bin.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention aims at the defect that the existing common lime shaft kiln can not calcine or does not calcine fine limestone, can be suitable for both fine particles of 5-15 mm and medium-sized particles of 15-30 mm, expands the utilization range of solid wastes and saves mineral resources. The concrete effects are as follows: (a) saving heat energy: the annular structure is adopted on the upper part of the kiln, so that the heat exchange area is enlarged compared with a common shaft kiln, and the heat exchange time is prolonged, so that the heat energy loss is smaller than that of the common shaft kiln. (b) The calcination efficiency is high: the furnace kiln combustion chamber is arranged at the top, the high temperature mainly adopts radiation heat transfer, and a downstream zone exists, so that the material calcination is more uniform compared with the common shaft kiln, the decarbonization reaction of limestone is more complete, and the activity, the effective calcium oxide and the raw overburning rate of the product are greatly improved. (c) The forward flow zone is obvious: the '0' pressing surface of the kiln is arranged at the jet nozzle of the ejector in the kiln, and the '0' pressing surface of the common shaft kiln is arranged at the top of the kiln, so that a downstream belt is not formed. (D) The control is automatic and accurate: the scheme is provided with multiple paths of air, two paths of blast air, one path of induced air, internal heat exchange and thermotechnical parameters by adopting modern instruments and control means, realizes the automatic and information management of the parameters, and is more modern than the equipment of a common shaft kiln. (E) The equipment is convenient to use and wide in application range, and can flexibly determine whether to select a non-push rod preheating chamber or a push rod preheating chamber according to material supply conditions such as water content, impurity content and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the push-rod-free internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln of the present invention (an induced draft fan and an electrical control system are not shown);
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the push-rod-free internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln (a draught fan and an electrical control system are not shown).
Description of reference numerals: 1. the device comprises a storage bin, 2, a shaft kiln body, 201, a kiln top, 202, heat exchange gas, 3, an annular preheating chamber, 4, an annular hot smoke chamber, 5, burners, 6, a multi-burner combustion chamber, 7, an adjustable lifting blanking pipe, 8, a smoke outlet, 9, a push rod, 10, a liquefaction station, 11, a bottom air seat, 12, a built-in heat exchanger, 13, a small air pipe, 14, a central spray pipe, 15, a hollow cross beam, 16, an ejector, 17, a cooling blower, 18, a driving blower, 19, an ash discharging machine, 20, a metering bin, 21, a storage bin, 22, side air, 23, driving air, 24 and forward air flow.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
An internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln comprises a stock bin 1, an adjustable lifting blanking pipe 7, a shaft kiln body 2, an annular preheating chamber 3, a multi-burner combustion chamber 6, an ejector 16, a hollow cross beam 15, a built-in heat exchanger 12, a bottom air seat 11, a cooling air blower 17, a driving air blower 18, an ash discharger 19, a metering bin 20 and a storage bin 21, wherein the stock bin 1 is positioned above a kiln top 201 of the shaft kiln body 2, a burner 5 is arranged on the kiln top 201, the opening of the burner 5 faces downwards, and the multi-burner combustion chamber 6 is arranged between the lower part of the burner 5 and the hollow cross beam 15; the annular preheating chamber 3 is annularly arranged around the multi-burner combustion chamber 6; a smoke outlet 8 is formed in the shell of the annular preheating chamber 3 and is connected with an external induced draft fan through an air exhaust pipeline; the lower part of the stock bin 1 is connected with an annular preheating chamber 3 through an adjustable lifting blanking pipe 7; the ejector 16 is arranged on the hollow cross beam 15, the ejector 16 comprises a cylindrical nozzle and a conical base, the cylindrical nozzle faces upwards and is positioned below the multi-burner combustion chamber 6, and the conical base is opened downwards; the built-in heat exchanger 12 and the bottom air seat 11 are sequentially arranged below the hollow cross beam 15 and the ejector 16, the bottom air seat 11 is divided into a bottom space and an upper space, the bottom space is communicated with an external cooling blower 17 through a pipeline, and side air is blown out to the bottom side area in the kiln; one side of the upper space is communicated with an external driving blower 18 and carries out reverse heat exchange with material flow, the other side of the upper space is connected with the built-in heat exchanger 12 and carries out forward heat exchange with the material flow, and then the heat-exchanged air flow enters a central spray pipe 14 of the built-in heat exchanger; the ash discharging machine 19, the metering bin 20 and the storage bin 21 are sequentially arranged below the shaft kiln body 2.
Preferably, the internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln is further provided with an electrical control system, the electrical control system comprises an air quantity and pressure instrument and an electrical control circuit thereof, and a central control machine, and the air quantity and pressure instrument transmits measured data to the central control machine for parametric management.
For limestone raw materials with water content less than or equal to 4% and less impurities such as clay and the like, the internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln is also required to be provided with an annular hot smoke chamber 4, and the annular hot smoke chamber 4 is annularly arranged below the annular preheating chamber 3 and communicated with the annular preheating chamber to form a special upward flowing channel of hot smoke; because the limestone raw material automatically flows into the multi-burner combustion chamber 6 in the kiln by the action of the gravity of the limestone raw material, in order to form an annular gap to ensure the raw material to pass through, a channel must be additionally arranged for the upward flow of hot flue gas in the kiln, so that an annular hot flue chamber 4 is required to be arranged below the annular preheating chamber 3; high temperature flue gas receives the draft influence of outside draught fan in the kiln, gets into annular preheating chamber 3 through 4 passageways upward movements of annular hot smoke chamber, 4 passageways of annular hot smoke chamber and 6 intercommunications of many burners combustion chamber. As shown in fig. 1.
For limestone raw materials with water content of 4% < omega less than or equal to 12% and high impurities such as clay and the like, the raw materials are easy to agglomerate, the internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln does not need to be provided with an annular hot smoke chamber 4, but needs to be provided with a push rod 9 and a hydraulic station 10, otherwise, the raw materials are difficult to feed; the push rod 9 is arranged at the bottom edge of the annular preheating chamber 3, and is powered by the hydraulic station 10 to push the raw materials to flow downwards into the multi-burner combustion chamber 6; because the external force of the push rod 9 helps the raw materials to flow, the hot flue gas and the raw materials in the kiln can share a channel, and therefore, the annular hot smoke chamber 4 is not needed. As shown in fig. 2.
Preferably, the number of the push rods 9 is more than or equal to 8, so that the working reliability is ensured.
Limestone raw materials enter the annular preheating chamber 3 from the stock bin 1 through an adjustable lifting blanking pipe 7, and the adjustable lifting blanking pipe 7 is used for adjusting the height of a material layer in the annular preheating chamber 3.
Kiln top 201 comprises refractory lining and structural support piece, has about to trade steam 202 and carries out the heat transfer through the space of the structural support piece of kiln top to guarantee that upper portion tour personnel's temperature environment is comfortable, simultaneously, trade hot-blast 202 and regard as combustion-supporting primary air, also help the energy-concerving and environment-protective of shaft kiln.
The multi-nozzle combustion chamber 6 is an interval for generating high-temperature calcination, the fuel used by the burner 5 is liquid or gas fuel, and is connected with the burner 5 through a conveying pipeline, so that the multi-nozzle combustion chamber is convenient to convey, use and adjust, and preferably adopts high-efficiency clean fuel; if the supply of liquid and gas fuels can not meet the requirements, the pulverized coal fuel can be manually prepared, the fineness of the pulverized coal is 200 meshes, the water content is less than or equal to 3 percent, and the coal pulverizing technology is mature and can be directly selected; after the switch of the burner 5 is turned on, the generated flame is from top to bottom, and the raw materials are calcined through heat radiation; the temperature generated by flame is about 1200-1300 ℃, and the calcining time is as follows according to different particle fractions: 5-15 mm particles, and the calcining time is 2-2.5 h; 15-30 mm particles, and the calcining time is 3-3.5 h; the temperature field generated by combustion of the multiple burners is more uniform than that of a single burner, and the multi-burner flame length is shorter than that of the single burner, so that the height of a combustion space can be reduced by about 2 m.
Preferably, the number of the burner 5 is more than or equal to 3.
The annular preheating chamber 3 is a flue gas ascending channel and is also a functional interval for preheating raw materials by utilizing flue gas; in the annular preheating chamber 3, high-temperature flue gas fully exchanges heat with raw materials in the preheating chamber through an internally-arranged ventilation beam, and the temperature at the flue gas outlet 8 is reduced to 200-250 ℃; the flue gas velocity v is less than or equal to 0.3m/s, and the flue gas is discharged out of the annular preheater and the multi-burner combustion chamber 6 through a flue gas outlet 8.
Considering that the material resistance in the annular preheating chamber 5 is mainly influenced by the height of the material layer of the raw materials in actual operation, the actual raw materials are not in an ideal state, the porosity of the raw materials is different from the calculation, it is necessary to set an adjusting means, and the adjustable lifting blanking pipe 7 is adopted in the design for blanking, so that the material layer height can be flexibly adjusted in production; the top of the annular preheating chamber 3 is designed to be negative pressure, the value of the negative pressure is set to be-100 Pa, the resistance loss of the raw material layer is set to be 800-1000 Pa/m, and the suction force of an external induced draft fan is selected according to the parameter requirements.
The preheating time of the raw materials in the annular preheating chamber 3 is 3.5-5 h, the time period from the calcining of the raw materials entering the annular preheating chamber 3 to the cooling and discharging from the kiln is 7.5-10.5 h, and the calcining period can be adjusted by adjusting the discharging speed.
The built-in heat exchanger 12 comprises a left channel, a right channel and a central spray pipe 14, wherein each channel consists of a plurality of small air pipes 13; one side of the small air pipe 13 is communicated with an external driving blower 18 through one side of the upper space of the bottom air seat, and the airflow and the material flow perform countercurrent flow heat exchange; the small air pipe 13 on the other side is connected with the other side of the upper space of the bottom air base, wherein the air flow and the material flow are subjected to forward heat exchange and then converged to the central spray pipe 14 of the built-in heat exchanger, preheated driving air 23 is sprayed upwards to enter the ejector 16 on the upper part, the bottom of the multi-burner combustion chamber 6 is driven to locally generate forward air flow 24 which is downward and has the same direction as the material flow direction, so that a so-called 'forward flow belt' is formed, the forward air flow circularly enters the conical base of the ejector 16 to calcine the material from the back, the defect that one side of the material is heated in the traditional shaft kiln calcination is overcome, the calcination of the material is more uniform, the pressure of the area is changed due to the fact that the surrounding air flow is driven by the ejector 16, the area is close to 'vacuum', the interference of the air flow is less, and. The advantages of using the internal heat exchanger 12 and the direct injection from the injector 16 are: simple structure, heat exchange efficiency is high, and the external heat transfer mode of kiln is sent into again to the external heat exchanger of foreign adoption has the pipe blockage, and expense such as equipment and pipeline keep warm is high, the not good defect of heat exchange efficiency.
The driving air 23 is air which is blown into the built-in heat exchanger 12 by the driving blower 18, the temperature of the driving air 23 in the built-in heat exchanger 12 is increased, so that the temperature of the multi-burner combustion chamber 6 cannot be greatly reduced due to low-temperature jet airflow, and the quality of the jet effect is the key for selecting the type of the built-in heat exchanger 12; the other function of the built-in heat exchanger 12 is to recover the waste heat of the bottom area in the kiln, and is also an important measure for saving energy and reducing consumption; the driving air 23 is cold air at the kiln inlet, and the temperature at the nozzle of the central nozzle 14 reaches 600-800 ℃ after heat exchange is carried out through the built-in heat exchanger 12.
The heat exchange area of the built-in heat exchanger 12 is determined by thermal engineering calculation according to parameters such as heat transfer coefficient, logarithmic temperature difference and quality of heat exchange medium; the material of the built-in heat exchanger 12 and the ejector 16 is high-temperature-resistant 310S steel.
The side air 22 is cold air blown into the bottom space of the bottom air seat 11 by the cooling blower 17 and blown to the bottom side zone in the kiln, the pressure of the cooling blower 17 is selected, so that the side air 22 blown out by the cooling blower is required to be sent to the position with the same height as the ejector 16 in the kiln, and frequency conversion adjustment is adopted in actual implementation; the side air 22 blown out from the bottom space of the bottom air seat 11 is in charge of cooling the materials in the bottom edge area in the kiln on one hand, and on the other hand, the side air 22 is heated after heat exchange with the materials and enters the multi-burner combustion chamber 6 to help the materials to be combusted.
The total air supply amount of the cooling blower 17 and the driving blower 18 is calculated according to thermal balance, wherein the air volume of the driving air 23 accounts for 30-35% of the total air volume.
The height-diameter ratio of the shaft kiln body is about 3 (the height of a combustion chamber is not counted), and the difference between a furnace lining and a common shaft kiln is not large.
The effect of draught fan is to discharge into the atmosphere after introducing environmental protection system to handle with the flue gas of annular preheating chamber, and the pressure of draught fan pressure ratio ordinary shaft kiln is higher, about 5 ~ 7.5KPa to adopt the frequency conversion means.
The invention also discloses a calcining method of the internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials and fuels, selecting an internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln without a push rod or with a push rod: firstly, limestone raw materials are grouped according to particle size, wherein 5-15 mm is a small particle group, and 15-30 mm is a medium particle group; then according to the water content and impurity content of the limestone raw material, determining and selecting an internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln without a push rod or with a push rod; for limestone raw materials with water content less than or equal to 4 percent and less impurities such as clay and the like, selecting an internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln without a push rod, and for limestone raw materials with water content more than 4 percent and omega less than or equal to 12 percent and higher impurities such as clay and the like, selecting an internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln with a push rod;
(2) blanking and exhausting flue gas: the raw materials fall into the annular preheating chamber 3 through the stock bin 1 and the adjustable lifting blanking pipe 7, and the height and the pressure of a material layer in the annular preheating chamber 3 are adjusted through the adjustable lifting blanking pipe 7, so that the raw materials further fall into the multi-burner combustion chamber 6; the internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln with the push rod needs a hydraulic station 10 and a push rod 9 to assist in pushing the raw materials into the multi-burner combustion chamber 6; the flue gas outlet 8 maintains negative pressure of-100 Pa, the temperature of the waste gas is not more than 250 ℃, and CO in the flue gas discharged from the kiln is2The volume concentration reaches 35-40 percent and is used for trapping CO2And recovery of CO in chemical industry2Conditions are created;
(3) preheating and calcining: preheating the limestone raw material in an annular preheating chamber 3 for 3.5-5 h at 25-800 ℃; the limestone raw material enters a multi-burner combustion chamber 6 for calcination, the combustion temperature is 1200-1300 ℃, the calcination time is 2-3.5 h, and the calcination time is not more than 2h for 5-15 mm small particles; for 15-30 mm medium-sized particles, the time is not more than 3.5 hours;
(4) cooling and discharging: after cooling by the side air of the bottom air seat 11 and heat exchange by the built-in heat exchanger 12, the lime stone ash discharging temperature is 50-70 ℃, and the lime stone ash is conveyed to the storage bin 21 for storage after passing through the ash discharging machine 19 and the metering bin 20.
Compared with the common shaft kiln calcining method, the method has the advantages that the decarbonization reaction of the limestone is more complete, the activity degree, the effective calcium oxide and the raw and over-burnt rate of the product are greatly improved, and the list is as follows:
| index name | Method for producing a composite material | Common shaft kiln calcining method |
| Degree of activity (mL) | ≥320 | 240～280 |
| Effective calcium oxide (%) | ≥90 | 75～80 |
| Raw and over-burned (%) | ≤5～8 | 15～30 |
The above-mentioned embodiments further explain the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail. It should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the structure and method of the present invention, and these modifications should also be construed as the scope of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent.
Claims (9)
1. An internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln is characterized by comprising a stock bin (1), an adjustable lifting blanking pipe (7), a shaft kiln body (2), an annular preheating chamber (3), a multi-burner combustion chamber (6), an ejector (16), a hollow cross beam (15), a built-in heat exchanger (12), a bottom air seat (11), a cooling blower (17), a driving blower (18), an ash discharging machine (19), a metering bin (20) and a storage bin (21);
the storage bin (1) is positioned above a kiln top (201) of the shaft kiln body (2), a burner (5) is arranged on the kiln top (201), an opening of the burner (5) is downward, and a multi-burner combustion chamber (6) is arranged between the lower part of the burner (5) and the hollow cross beam (15); the annular preheating chamber (3) is annularly arranged around the multi-burner combustion chamber (6); the top of the shell of the annular preheating chamber (3) is provided with a flue gas outlet (8) which is connected with an external induced draft fan through an air exhaust pipeline; the lower part of the stock bin (1) is connected with the annular preheating chamber (3) through an adjustable lifting blanking pipe (7); the ejector (16) is arranged on the hollow cross beam (15), the ejector (16) comprises a cylindrical nozzle and a conical base, the cylindrical nozzle faces upwards and is located below the multi-burner combustion chamber (6), and the conical base is opened downwards;
the built-in heat exchanger (12) and the bottom air seat (11) are sequentially arranged below the hollow cross beam (15) and the ejector (16), the bottom air seat (11) is divided into a bottom space and an upper space, the built-in heat exchanger (12) comprises a left side channel, a right side channel and a central spray pipe (14), each side channel consists of a plurality of small air pipes (13), one side of each small air pipe (13) is communicated with an external driving air blower (18) through one side of the upper space of the bottom air seat, and airflow and material flow of materials perform reverse flow heat exchange; the small air pipe (13) on the other side is connected with the other side of the upper space of the bottom air seat, wherein airflow and material flow are subjected to forward heat exchange and then converged to a central spray pipe (14) of the built-in heat exchanger, preheated driving air (23) is sprayed upwards to enter an injector (16) on the upper part, forward airflow (24) which is downward and in the same direction as the material flow is locally generated at the bottom of the multi-burner combustion chamber (6) is driven, the forward airflow (24) circularly enters a conical base of the injector (16), the bottom space of the bottom air seat is communicated with an external cooling blower (17) through a pipeline, and side air is blown out to the bottom edge area in the kiln;
the ash discharging machine (19), the metering bin (20) and the storage bin (21) are sequentially arranged below the shaft kiln body (2).
2. The internally circulating fine particle lime shaft kiln as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an electrical control system, wherein the electrical control system comprises an air quantity and pressure instrument and an electrical control circuit thereof, and a central control machine, and the air quantity and pressure instrument transmits measured data to the central control machine for parametric management.
3. The internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln as claimed in claim 2, wherein, for limestone raw material with water content less than or equal to 4% and less clay-containing impurities, the internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln is further provided with an annular hot smoke chamber (4), and the annular hot smoke chamber (4) is annularly arranged below the annular preheating chamber (3) and communicated with the annular preheating chamber to form a special channel for upward flow of hot smoke; and the channel of the annular hot smoke chamber (4) is communicated with the multi-burner combustion chamber (6).
4. The internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln as claimed in claim 2, wherein the raw material is easy to agglomerate for limestone raw material with water content of 4% < ω ≦ 12% and high clay-containing impurities, and the internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln is provided with a push rod (9) and a hydraulic station (10); the push rod (9) is arranged at the bottom edge of the annular preheating chamber (3) and is powered by the hydraulic station (10) to push the raw materials to flow downwards into the multi-burner combustion chamber (6).
5. The internally circulating fine particle lime shaft kiln according to claim 4, characterized in that the number of said push rods (9) is greater than or equal to 8 to ensure the uniformity of operation.
6. The internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the top (201) is formed of refractory lining and structural support members, and heat exchange gas (202) is provided at the left and right sides to exchange heat through the gap of the structural support members of the top.
7. The internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the fuel used by the burner (5) is liquid or gas fuel, or coal powder fuel is artificially prepared, the fineness of the coal powder is 200 meshes, and the water content is less than or equal to 3%; the temperature generated by the flame of the burner (5) is 1200-1300 ℃, and the calcining time is as follows according to different particle fractions: 5-15 mm particles, and the calcining time is not more than 2 h; 15-30 mm particles, and the calcining time is not more than 3.5 h; the number of the burners (5) is more than or equal to 3.
8. The vertical kiln as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material of the internally installed heat exchanger (12) and the injector (16) is high temperature resistant 310S steel; the pressure of the cooling blower (17) is selected so that the side air (22) blown by the cooling blower is sent to the same height of the ejector (16) in the kiln; the total air supply amount of the cooling blower (17) and the driving blower (18) is calculated according to thermal balance, wherein the air volume of the driving air (23) accounts for 30-35% of the total air volume.
9. The calcination process of an internally circulating fine particle lime shaft kiln as claimed in claim 3 or 4, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing raw materials and fuels, selecting an internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln without a push rod or with a push rod: firstly, limestone raw materials are grouped according to particle size, wherein 5-15 mm is a small particle group, and 15-30 mm is a medium particle group; then according to the water content and impurity content of the limestone raw material, determining and selecting an internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln without a push rod or with a push rod; selecting the inner circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln without the push rod according to claim 3 for the limestone raw material with the water content of less than or equal to 4% and less clay impurities, and selecting the inner circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln with the push rod according to claim 4 for the limestone raw material with the water content of 4% < omega less than or equal to 12% and higher clay impurities;
(2) blanking and exhausting flue gas: the raw materials fall into the annular preheating chamber (3) through the stock bin (1) and the adjustable lifting blanking pipe (7), and the height and the pressure of the material layer in the annular preheating chamber (3) are adjusted through the adjustable lifting blanking pipe (7), so that the raw materials further fall into the multi-burner combustion chamber (6); the internal circulation fine particle lime shaft kiln with the push rod needs a hydraulic station (10) and the push rod (9) to assist in pushing the raw materials into the multi-burner combustion chamber (6); the smoke outlet (8) maintains negative pressure of-100 Pa, the temperature of waste gas does not exceed 250 ℃, and CO in the smoke discharged from the kiln2The volume concentration reaches 35-40 percent and is used for trapping CO2And recovery of CO in chemical industry2Conditions are created;
(3) preheating and calcining: preheating the limestone raw material in the annular preheating chamber (3) for 3.5-5 h at 25-800 ℃; the limestone raw material enters a multi-burner combustion chamber (6) for calcination, the combustion temperature is 1200-1300 ℃, the calcination time is 2-3.5 h, and the calcination time is not more than 2h for small particles of 5-15 mm; for 15-30 mm medium-sized particles, the time is not more than 3.5 hours;
(4) cooling and discharging: after cooling by side air of the bottom air seat (11) and heat exchange of the built-in heat exchanger (12), the lime stone ash discharging temperature is 50-70 ℃, and the lime stone ash is conveyed to the storage bin (21) for storage after passing through the ash discharging machine (19) and the metering bin (20).
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| CN110589861B (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2023-04-11 | 建德市泰合新材料有限公司 | High-purity calcium oxide calcining device and method |
| CN111320399A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-06-23 | 临沂市金永窑炉有限公司 | Lime kiln furnace for petroleum calcination |
| CN112556401B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2024-03-22 | 余松涛 | Rotary shaft kiln |
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| CN109160749A (en) | 2019-01-08 |
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