CN109154550A - For monitoring the radio frequency system and method for engine exhaust composition - Google Patents

Abstract

It is a kind of for monitoring the radio frequency system and method for engine exhaust ingredient.The system comprises: shell, the shell include discharge ingredient；One or more radio frequency sensors, the radio frequency sensor extend in the shell and emit and receive radiofrequency signal；And control unit, described control unit are used to be controlled the radiofrequency signal based on the variation of one or more parameters of the radiofrequency signal and monitor the variation of the discharge ingredient.In one embodiment, control unit measures the change rate of one or more parameters of the radiofrequency signal, for monitoring the change rate of the discharge ingredient, the depletion rate including such as rate of discharge, cumulative speed and/or discharge ingredient.

Description

For monitoring the radio frequency system and method for engine exhaust composition

Cross reference to related applications

U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 14/733,525 that patent application claims were submitted on June 8th, 2015 and in The priority and right of the submission date for the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 14/733,486 that on June 8th, 2015 submits, and be The continuation in part application of the two pieces application, the entire disclosure of the application are expressly incorporated herein.

The U.S. Provisional Patent Application serial number 62/320,707 that patent application claims were submitted on April 11st, 2016 it is excellent First power and equity, the entire disclosure of the application are herein incorporated by reference.

Government sponsored

The present invention is under the support of government according to National Science Foundation (National ScienceFoundation) What the fund IIP 1330313 authorized was carried out.Government has certain rights to this invention.

Invention field

The present invention relates to it is a kind of for monitor internal combustion engine or it is other during engine exhaust emission ingredient radio frequency system System and method, the process generate the discharge ingredient such as particulate matter, gas or liquid component.

Background of invention

Monitored at present using various device and method as gasoline, diesel oil, natural gas internal combustion engine or it is other kinds of in Discharge ingredient in the exhaust of combustion engine, the various device and method utilize various exhaust aftertreatment devices, such as exhaust particulate Filter, such as diesel particulate filter (DPF) and diesel particulate filter device (GPF) to reduce particulate emissions, or utilize Various catalyst, trap and washer are to reduce gas discharge, such as selective catalytic reduction system operating (SCR), NOX trapping Trap, hydrocarbon trap, the escaping of ammonia catalyst, oxidation catalyst, three-way catalyst etc..

Indirect method (using prediction model or so-called virtual-sensor) has been used to estimate engine emission indirectly. There are many disadvantages for these indirect methods, including for example these models are usually inputted in given one group of specific border condition or system In the case where the fact that developed and calibrated, the system input include but is not limited to engine characteristics and operating parameter, Fuel and lubricant type, aging action, safety margin, and need to be tuned to that all engines may be not generally suitable for Or one group of specific input condition of system, it is therefore desirable to it is defeated to carry out some customized systems for the application of each final use Enter.

Dependent on these known operation conditions come accurately estimate engine emission (such as exhaust in emission composition, number Amount, rate or concentration) virtual-sensor, can not be according under the condition or abnormal operation being defined on except the ability of prediction model Suitably run.

In addition, when engine aging and component wear or damage when engine occur variation or catalyst aging or The variation that catalyst occurs when becoming toxic, all can not be using prediction model come Dynamical capture.In general, using safety coefficient or bad Change the factor to compensate these variations, so that overall performance is traded off, the compromise is usual in the case where new engine It is overly conservative, to meet the requirement of system service life.Prediction model method lacks any feedback mechanism also to directly determine Whether system performance has reduced beyond the safety margin assumed.In addition, for the prediction model of specific engines and application exploitation, Calibration and tuning are time-consuming and expensive.

In the case where particulate filter, pressure or differential pressure pick-up are also used, but they lack resolution ratio and response. Particularly, the measurement of exhaust back pressure or particulate filter differential pressure is influenced by various noise factors, including exhaust flow rate, temperature Degree, particulate matter distribution, filter characteristic (hysteresis effect) etc..Pressure measurement can not directly measure the particulate matter in exhaust Matter, and lack the resolution ratio of particulate matter accumulation on detection filter, this is necessary to estimation engine PM rate of discharge. In addition, pressure measurement is not reliable integrated operation condition, for example, during low discharge (idle running), tail-off, regeneration or During excessive transient affair.Therefore, this method does not provide continuous measurement.

The use of pressure sensor usually also needs significantly average or filtering, to reduce influence of the noise to measurement.Institute The response time of sensor can be dramatically increased by stating signal averaging or filtering, be not suitable for so as to cause it any kind of significant Feedback control application.

The concentration of soot particulates in exhaust is also measured using Russ sensor.However, Russ sensor is with lesser Measurement range, therefore sensor is caused to be flooded soon by high-caliber engine soot emissions.In addition, Russ sensor passes through Designed for the cigarette ash (after particulate filter) of extremely low concentration in measurement waste gas stream, and it is not suitable for measuring high-caliber The particulate emissions of engine.In addition, Russ sensor only monitors a part of waste gas stream, therefore cannot directly measure in exhaust gas Total soot levels, but only provide close to sensor (or flowing through sensor outer housing) exhaust gas in level.With sensor Aging, the accuracy of Russ sensor also the position by exhaust flow rate, sensing element in exhaust pipe (because it only sample one Fraction flow), temperature, particle shape and ingredient and deposit (ash content, catalyst/wash coat particle) accumulation Influence.

Also use accumulation type Russ sensor.However, these sensors do not provide continuous monitoring, but from measuring state It is recycled to reproduced state.Any cigarette ash that reproduced state usually requires additional energy input to accumulate on burn off sensing element. Sensor also needs condensate liquid to protect, this causes them that cannot transport under the conditions of the cold start-up etc. for for example needing most them is certain Row.Accumulation type Russ sensor does not monitor soot particulates quantity or quality in exhaust stream directly also, but directly monitoring is certain Time of the buildup of material of amount on sensing element, to only provide the indirect instruction of soot levels in exhaust.Russ sensor Also there is the problems such as poor durability, pollutant (such as ash content) accumulation and thermal shock (water in exhaust or condensation), this limitation Sensor service life during its service life and accuracy.Due to the interval property of sensor operations comprising make trouble again Part, heel are sufficiently accumulated to generate and can measure the response required period, these sensors do not provide continuous measurement yet.

Also use many different types of gas sensors, for example, NOx sensor, lambda sensor, ammoniacal sensor and its His related sensor, these sensors also have above-mentioned many defects.In these sensors it is many using electrochemical cells into Row measurement.The sensing element of these types is frangible, and may be at the scene by various faults mode.Particularly, it is well known that Many gas sensors are by the cross-sensitivity to other exhaust gas constituents, near local gas velocity or sensing element Error caused by the variation of flow velocity and the relevant influence of temperature etc..These sensors also only sample a part of exhaust stream without It is complete air-flow.Due to the pollutant in fuel, lubricant or environment, these sensors may also can become toxic.Another In a embodiment, it may be damaged when sensor uses under certain conditions.Many sensors in these sensors also need Such as a large amount of energy inputs from heater could operate, and may not be able to run under all operating conditions, such as Under cold start under conditions of the variation of air-fuel ratio in one embodiment, or in another embodiment.

The present invention uses the radio-frequency measurement of the interaction based on exhaust gas composition and discharge post-treatment system, provides engine Exhaust gas composition horizontal direct, accurately and quickly response measurement, and directly solution drawbacks described above.

The present invention also itself functions as sensing by the way that antenna transmitting is used only or receives radiofrequency signal with remote probe or monitoring The after-treatment system (filter or catalyst) of device provides simpler and more steady interface for exhaust system.

Brief summary of the invention

The present invention relates to a kind of for monitoring the radio frequency system of engine exhaust ingredient, comprising: shell, the shell Comprising discharging ingredient；One or more radio frequency sensors, the radio frequency sensor extend in shell and emit and receive radio frequency Signal；And control unit, described control unit based on the variation of one or more parameters of radiofrequency signal to control for being penetrated Frequency signal and the variation for monitoring discharge ingredient.

In one embodiment, radiofrequency signal crosses over radiofrequency signal range, and control unit measures radiofrequency signal model The variation of the one or more parameters for the radiofrequency signal in predefined region enclosed.

In one embodiment, control unit measurement is corresponding with the predefined area of space of one or more of shell The predefined radiofrequency signal ranges of one or more in radiofrequency signal one or more parameters variation.

In one embodiment, the variation and/or radiofrequency signal of the amplitude or amplitude of control unit measurement radiofrequency signal Phase variation.

In one embodiment, pass through the width of the radiofrequency signal within the scope of the one or more predefined radiofrequency signals of measurement The variation of value and/or phase discharges ingredients to monitor one or more.

In one embodiment, the change rate of one or more parameters of control unit measurement radiofrequency signal, with monitoring Discharge the change rate of ingredient.

In one embodiment, change the power of transmitting to one or more radio frequency sensors to improve radiofrequency signal.

In one embodiment, the rate of discharge of control unit monitoring discharge ingredient, cumulative speed and/or consumption speed Rate.

The invention further relates to a kind of method for monitoring the discharge ingredient in radio frequency system, the radio frequency system includes: Shell, the shell contain discharge ingredient；One or more radio frequency sensors, the radio frequency sensor extend to concurrent in shell Penetrate and receive radiofrequency signal；Control unit, the method includes being controlled based on the variation of one or more parameters of radiofrequency signal Radiofrequency signal processed and monitor discharge ingredient variation the step of.

In one embodiment, radiofrequency signal crosses over radiofrequency signal range, and further includes measurement radiofrequency signal range Predefined region in radiofrequency signal one or more parameters variation the step of.

In one embodiment, measure it is corresponding with the predefined area of space of one or more of shell one or The step of variation of one or more parameters of radiofrequency signal in multiple predefined radiofrequency signal ranges.

In one embodiment, predefined area of space corresponds to the pre- of the parameter sensitivity of measured radiofrequency signal Definition space region.

In one embodiment, predefined area of space corresponds to the parameter shown for measured radiofrequency signal Advantageous behavior predefined area of space.

In one embodiment, to one of radiofrequency signal within the scope of one or more predefined narrow radiofrequency signals Or multiple parameters are sampled to shorten the step of measuring the response time.

In one embodiment, one or more predefined narrow radiofrequency signal ranges correspond to one of radiofrequency signal Or multiple predefined modes of resonance.

In one embodiment, the variation of the amplitude or amplitude of radiofrequency signal and/or the phase of radiofrequency signal are measured The step of variation.

In one embodiment, pass through the amplitude of the radiofrequency signal within the scope of the one or more radio frequency signals of measurement And/or the variation of phase discharges ingredients to monitor one or more.

In one embodiment, the method also includes measure radiofrequency signal one or more parameters change rate with The step of change rate of monitoring discharge ingredient.

In one embodiment, the method also includes discharging the change rate of the change rate of ingredient and discharge ingredient The step of desired value is compared.

In one embodiment, the method also includes monitoring the rate of discharge of discharge ingredient, cumulative speed and/or disappear The step of consuming rate.

The described below of other advantages and features of the present invention preferred embodiment according to the present invention, attached drawing and accompanying power Sharp claim will be evident.

Detailed description of the invention

These and other features of the invention can be by being below best understood the description of attached drawing, and the attached drawing is such as Under:

Fig. 1 is that simplifying for the vehicle exhaust aftertreatment assembly comprising at least one radio frequency sensor according to the present invention is illustrated Side view；

Fig. 2 is the simplification schematic side by the radio frequency system according to the present invention vehicle motor monitored and exhaust system Figure；

Fig. 3 is to indicate according to the present invention for monitoring a kind of curve of method based on radio frequency sensor of exhaust gas discharge Figure；

Fig. 4 A is to indicate that the discharge ingredient to interact within the scope of given frequency with filter or catalyst rings radio frequency The curve graph for the amplitude/amplitude influence answered；

Fig. 4 B is to indicate that the discharge ingredient to interact within the scope of given frequency with filter or catalyst rings radio frequency The chart of the influence for the phase answered；

Fig. 5 A is the song that the discharge ingredient accumulation for indicating to measure in particulate filter or catalyst or storage change over time Line chart；

Fig. 5 B is that the discharge ingredient for indicating to measure in particulate filter or catalyst is accumulated or what storage changed over time leads Several charts；

Fig. 6 A be indicate to measure in particulate filter or catalyst discharge ingredient accumulation or storage change over time it is another One chart；With

Fig. 6 B is that the discharge ingredient for indicating in particulate filter or catalyst changes with time the chart of rate.

Specific embodiment

The present invention relates to a kind of system and method based on radio frequency, for monitoring engine exhaust ingredient and being based on The discharge monitored provides feedback control capability.

For the purpose of this disclosure, term discharge ingredient refers to any solid, liquid or gas phase emission, either directly comes From upstream process (such as burning), such as in the case where particulate matter ingredient, or it is introduced to by using additive or feed The discharge ingredient of exhaust system, such as, hydrocarbon or urea charging in one embodiment.

Term particulate matter (PM) is used interchangeably with cigarette ash, and refer to may include carbon, hydrocarbon, sulfate, ash content or its The particulate emissions ingredient of his material.However, the present invention is usually widely used in the rate of monitoring discharge ingredient, in this feelings Under condition, particulate matter can broadly be defined as including all types of solids or liquid particles or aerosol, and discharge Ingredient further includes gas or the liquid phase discharge of any other type.

In specific embodiments, such as particle mistake of diesel particulate filter device (GPF) or diesel particulate filter (DPF) Filter can be mounted on diesel oil or petrol engine for any amount of highway or cross-country application.

In another embodiment, catalyst, such as three-way catalyst (TWC), oxidation catalyst, selection can be installed Property catalyst reduction system (SCR), NOx trap or LNT, the escaping of ammonia catalyst, hydrocarbon trap or any other similar catalysis Agent.Using may include car, truck, bus, Architectural Equipment, agricultural equipment, generator, ship, locomotive etc..At another In embodiment, filter can be mounted in any kind of appropriate filter or catalyst in any suitable applications.

Fig. 1 depicts emission aftertreatment component or system 102, is that may include or do not include in one embodiment The diesel oil or diesel particulate filter device assembly of additional catalyst, the catalyst such as three-way catalyst, oxidation catalyst, selection Property catalyst reduction system etc..

In another embodiment, system 102 is catalyst, such as three-way catalyst, oxidation catalyst, selective catalysis Reducing catalyst, NOx trap etc., and do not include any kind of filter.

In yet another embodiment, system 102 includes one or more catalyst coats of the coating to filter, such as mistake Oxidation catalyst on filter is coated to the SCR catalyst of filter, or is coated to the TWC catalyst of filter, or coating is extremely Any other catalyst of filter, to form so-called multi-functional filter.

Component 102 may include intake section 104, the first module or shell 106, the second module or shell 108, and outlet Part 110.Entry conductor 114 is connected to intake section 104, and delivery channel 116 is connected to exit portion 110.Entrance and go out Mouth conduit 114 or 116 extends respectively in entrance and exit part 104 or 110.Entrance and exit part 104 and 110 and mould Block 106 and 108 is connected via interconnection piece 112, and the interconnection piece 112 includes such as flange, fixture.

Element 118 and 120 is separately contained in module or shell 106 and 108.Though it is shown that two elements and module, But with a variety of structures in only one element and module or more than one element and module or individual module including multiple element Type is possible.In one embodiment, element 118 and 120 is catalyst, filter, film or its certain combination.

In one embodiment, element 118 is oxidation catalyst, SCR catalyst, LNT or three-way catalyst, and element 120 be gasoline or diesel particulate filter.The add ons such as baffle, channel, mixed plate or pipe 122 are included in one or more portion Point or module in.In one embodiment, element 122 is baffle or flow distribution baffle.In another embodiment, element 122 be radio frequency screen or netware.When element 122 is radio frequency screen or netware, it can be located at component 102 and module 106 Between the downstream of upstream (as shown in Figure 1), component 102 and module 108 or two modules 106 and 108.

Aftertreatment assembly 102 further includes extending to module or shell 106 or 108 or entrance or exit portion 104 or 110 Internal additional structure, probe, sensor or other elements 124,126,128,130,132 or 134.In an embodiment In, additional structure 124,126,128 includes temperature sensor, and additional structure 128 or 132 includes lambda sensor, NOx sensing Device, Russ sensor, ammoniacal sensor, pressure sensor etc..

Probe 134 is radio-frequency measurement probe, such as flagpole antenna, loop aerial or waveguide, including steady and be very suitable to Dielectric waveguide, transmitter resonator in severe environment applications.Probe 134 is configured as transmitting and reception is enough in component The radiofrequency signal of one or more modes of resonance is generated in 102 or in any frequency range.One or more spies can be used Needle 134.Probe 134 can be located at several positions in component 102, for example, the upstream of element 118, the downstream of element 120, element Between 118 and 120, or the inside of even element 118 or 120.When multiple probes 134 are located in component 102, they can position In identical or different element 118 and 120, and the process for being suitable for occurring in monitoring element 118 and/or 120, and/or The process occurred in the region of volume or component 102 that component 102 defines.

In another embodiment, probe 134 is Multifunction Sensor, for example including combined rf probe/sensing Device and temperature sensor.Probe 134 can also include multiple integrated sensors, such as temperature sensor, pressure sensor, chemistry Sensor and/or particle sensor.

The radio-frequency responsive of chamber component 102 is by module 106 and 108, entrance and exit part 104 and 110 and interior conductive element The influence of the geometry of part, probe, sensor etc. 122,124,126,128,130,132 and interconnection piece 112.

Interconnection piece 112 keeps the structural stability of component 102, seal assembly 102 to prevent from leaking, and module 106 with Good electrical contact is provided between 108.Fixture or other vent diverters can be used between module 106 and 108 providing good Electrical contact.The type of element 118 and 120 and they respectively the position in module 106 and 108 may also influence radio frequency survey Amount.Geometry, position and the installation of probe 134 and the operation of the radio frequency control unit including attached cables (not shown) It may influence measurement.

Netware 122 and component 102 are in electrical contact, and the different location that can be placed in component 102, to be directed to component 102 specific region shielding includes radiofrequency signal.In one embodiment, netware 122 can be placed on element 118 with Between 120, or be placed between element 120 and exit portion 110, so as to only by radiofrequency signal be partitioned to probe filter or Catalyst element 120.Netware 122 can be standard baffles, mixer or flow distribution baffle, for use in a variety of purposes.

Netware 122 or other suitable conducting elements can be used for priority acccess control or influence the field distribution in component 102, example Such as inhibiting or enhancing selected mode of resonance.Netware 122 or other suitable conducting elements can be fixed or can Become.In one embodiment, netware 122 or other conducting elements can be used for enhancing the resonance occurred on element 118 or 120 Mode.In another embodiment, netware 122 or other conducting elements can be used for inhibiting mode of resonance or only in chamber 120 Some regions include field, to reduce the influence of external variable or noise source to measurement.Netware or conducting element can be used for more In a purpose.In one embodiment, other than preferentially influencing radiofrequency signal, netware or conducting element also serve as baffle, Mixer or flow distribution device.

Rf probe 134 is used for the radio-frequency responsive of monitoring assembly 102.Radio-frequency responsive can be by RF signal amplitude and/or phase Position composition.Frequency range for measurement can be any frequency range, and may or may not cause to establish in chamber 102 Resonance.

In one embodiment, frequency range may include multiple modes of resonance, and each mode corresponds to the height in chamber 102 The particular space or regional area of electric field strength.To the radio-frequency responsive of the buildup of material in chamber 102 in the strongest region of electric field The material of middle accumulation is most sensitive.In one embodiment, multiple modes of resonance can be used for monitoring the part of filter or catalyst Load condition.In another embodiment, multiple modes of resonance can be used to ensure to full filter device or catalyst volume It is sampled, to determine total variation or the entire change of filter load.So, the complete row of radio frequency sensing system monitoring Air-flow and its interaction with filter or catalyst.

Fig. 2 shows including for example by the engine of radio frequency system monitoring and the equipment of exhaust system.The equipment can be with It is any kind of equipment, such as chemical device, food processing equipment, power-equipment, refinery, winery or any type Equipment or process.The equipment or reactor can be flow reactor, or can be batch reactor.Machine 202, example Such as the engine in one embodiment or the equipment in another embodiment, there is outlet connection, such as be connected to various parts With the conduit 206 of sensor.Machine 202 generates output stream, such as exhaust stream, or any other stream that guidance passes through conduit 206. In one embodiment, conduit 206 is connected to the first module 208 and the second module 210.In one embodiment, module 208 and 210 can be chamber, such as resonant cavity, or in another embodiment, can be waveguide.

In one particular embodiment, module 208 can be particle filter assembly, component as shown in Figure 1 102, multiple element of the component 102 including, for example, catalyst element 212, the catalyst element such as three-way catalyst (TWC), oxidation catalyst (OC), selective catalytic reduction catalysts (SCR), lean NOx trap (LNT) or any kind of Catalyst element and filter element 214, such as particulate filter.

In one embodiment, module 210 is the catalyst shell containing catalyst element 216, such as SCR, LNT, TWC, ammonia memory, hydrocarbon trap, washer or any other type catalyst.

In another embodiment, module 208 or 210 can be not present, it and in another embodiment, can be with There are more than two modules 208 and 210.Each of module 208 and 210 may include one or more elements, such as In one embodiment it is catalyst, filter or film, or does not include internal element in another embodiment.

Conduit 206 includes one or more internal elements 218, for example, filter, catalyst, mixer, diffuser or its His element.Element 218 can be located at any position in conduit 206.Rf probe or sensor 220,222,224 and 226, such as Flagpole antenna, loop aerial, waveguide, dielectric resonator, or for emit and/or receive radiofrequency signal any other is suitable Probe or sensor are installed and are extended in conduit 206 and module 208 and 210.

Additional conduits 232 are connected to machine 202, including for example admission line, burning line, oil pipe, coolant lines or Other similar pipeline.Pipeline 232 can be to 202 supply inlet stream of equipment or machine.Conduit 232 includes turbomachinery 230, packet Include such as turbocharger or booster.Exhaust gas recycle circuit (EGR) 234 formed exhaust pipe 206 and inlet duct 232 it Between fluid path.EGR circuit 234 includes valve 236 or other suitable flow control mechanisms or cause for adjusting exhaust stream Dynamic device.EGR circuit 234 can be high pressure or low pressure, internal or external circuit, and can be cooled.Entry conductor 232 includes For adjusting the throttle valve or valve 228 of charge flow rate.

If machine 202 is in engine type, machine 202 may include one or more cylinders.Fuel can pass through Fuel delivery system 238 is supplied to the cylinder of machine 202, and the fuel delivery system 238 may include fuel charging-tank, pump and spray Emitter (not shown).Fuel system 238 is mechanically or electronically controlled by control unit 204.

Although Fig. 2 depicts machine 202 with an entry conductor 232 and one outlet conduit 206, machine 202 can be wrapped Containing multiple entrance and exit conduits or entrance and exit conduit is not included.Each of conduit 232 and 206 may include for connecting Network, channel and the conduit (not shown) connect, for example, the pipe or pipeline that are made of the interconnection conduits of different sizes and geometry System or network.The add-on module of such as multiple modules 208,210 or 218 may or may not be present in entrance or delivery channel In.

The discharge ingredient of such as feeder 240 feeds or injection device is present in machine 202.In an embodiment In, feeder 240 is the hydrocarbon feeder for injecting hydrocarbon, with the regeneration for starting particulate filter 208.In another implementation In scheme, fuel injection system 238 is for executing identical function.In another embodiment, feeder 240 can be urine Plain feeder or gaseous ammonia injector, for supplying urea or ammonia to SCR catalyst.Feeder 240 can be along exhaust pipe Positioning is in any position.In one embodiment that module 210 is SCR catalyst, feeder 240 be can be positioned at module 201 Upstream but the urea feeder in the conduit 206 in 208 downstream of module.In another embodiment, feeder 240 can be position Hydrocarbon feeder in particulate filter upstream.

Rf probe 220,222,224 and 226 is connected to control unit of engine 204.Single or multiple control units 204 It can be used for detecting and controlling all rf probes.Unshowned additional sensor can be used, such as temperature sensor, pressure pass The sensor of sensor, gas composition sensor (NOx, PM, oxygen, ammonia) or any other type.These aiding sensors can connect It is connected to control unit 204 or other control unit, such as also unshowned engine, equipment or process control unit, it is described Unit can be communicated with control unit 204.

Control unit 204 include processing unit and computer readable storage medium 242, it includes instruction, algorithm, data, Any other information needed for sensor and machine that look-up table and control are connected.Control unit 204 further includes connection 244 With 246, the connection 244 and 246 includes communication connection, such as Ethernet, USB, simulation, CAN, serial or certain other types Connection, wirelessly or electrically source connect.The engine control list that connection 246 can be connected to device control cell, be connected in vehicle First (ECU), or signal to operator the state and potential problems of control unit.

Control unit 204 includes the hardware or electronic equipment for emitting radiofrequency signal, such as oscillator or synthesizer, with And the detector for detecting radiofrequency signal, such as the detector of diode or power detector or any other type.Control Unit 204 also may include mixer, splitter, directional coupler, switch and for controlling, modulating, emit and monitoring radio frequency The other component of signal.In another embodiment, control unit 204 can be network analyser or frequency spectrum analyser.

Control unit 204 is configured as penetrating by the transmitting of any rf probe 220,222,224 and 226, reception and control Frequency signal.Each probe can be independently controlled to include such as the multiport network of transmitting, reflection and transmitting or reflection Middle transmitting receives or emits and receive radiofrequency signal.

Control unit 204 is additionally configured to monitor one or more based on the variation of one or more parameters of radiofrequency signal The variation of a discharge ingredient, discusses in greater detail below.

Control unit 204 is also configured to based on radio-frequency measurement, and one more specifically based on radiofrequency signal or The variation of multiple parameters, to modify engine, machine or the operation of discharge post-treatment system.Implementation to the modification of system operatio Example includes the variation of triggering fault condition or power operation, such as oiling, air-flow, boost pressure or any other process control Parameter.

Radiofrequency signal can establish one or more modes of resonance across frequency range, or can cross over does not include humorous The frequency range of vibration mode, or can be single frequency or multiple discrete frequencies.Modules 208,210 and conduit 206 can For use as microwave cavity or waveguide, or it may include the resonance that can be used for being sampled to the finite region of monitored equipment Device (such as dielectric resonator).

Radiofrequency signal, including resonance curve, absolute amplitude, relative amplitude (that is, by power normalization of probe emission), phase Position, resonance frequency shift, frequency displacement or its certain derivative, including part or bare maximum or minimum value, resonance or far from resonance (such as Trap) at frequency displacement, phase shift, average value, quality factor, summation, area, peak width or other parameters, can be with the state of system Correlation, and by control unit 204 for monitoring the variation of system load state.

In a kind of operating method of system 102 and control unit 204, it is enough as shown in figure 3, radiofrequency signal can cross over Generate the wide frequency ranges of one or more modes of resonance.In another embodiment, can only to wide frequency ranges certain A little regions are sampled, such as the region in region (A), (B), (C) and (D) is usually designated as in Fig. 3.It can be based on following One or more of standard predefines and selects interested region: being monitored by only sampling certain frequency ranges Complete resonance curve shortens time of measuring (response faster)；Special frequency band is only monitored, can correspond to intracavitary difference Spatial position；It only include the frequency field to measured special parameter (polluter/discharge component type) sensitivity；Only monitor The frequency band of advantageous behavior (such as dull behavior) is shown for interested parameter.

Notwithstanding using wide frequency ranges, but range do not need it is very wide.In some cases, it also can be used narrow Frequency range or even single discrete frequency.Can be with or without weighting or in the case where bias capability, use is multiple Frequency range or single frequency carry out single measurement, to improve measurement characteristic.

In another embodiment, one or more narrow frequency ranges can be used to shorten the sensor response time. The use of narrow frequency range makes it possible to jump between special frequency band, to improve measuring speed.Narrow-band can correspond to Specific mode of resonance.The other methods for increasing the measurement response time include reducing complete frequency range or reducing in complete frequency The points sampled in range.

In one embodiment, at or near particular resonance mode or anti-resonance mode (valley) with high-resolution into Row measurement.The required time is measured it is expected that shortening, to realize faster sensor response.

In another embodiment, it is only sampled in a part of particular moment to resonance curve, such as in Fig. 3 Region (A) and (B), and in the resonance curve or complete curve of subsequent time point sampling wider range.

In another embodiment, thus it is possible to vary the power emitted by one or more radiated elements, it can with improvement Signal for measurement.This variation of power output will be limited by operating condition.It can be exported and be closed by using variable power It grows up to be a useful person or oscillator, or power is changed by addition amplifier or attenuator or the device of some other manipulation institute's transmission powers Output.

The feature of radio-frequency responsive can be the variation of amplitude and/or phase of radiofrequency signal, the variation of signal frequency or from Any parameter of radiofrequency signal phase, amplitude or frequency export or calculating.

As shown in Figure 4 A, the clean filter or catalyst relative to no discharge ingredient accumulation, particulate filter or is deposited The accumulation of discharge ingredient or the interaction of discharge ingredient and catalyst in reservoir ring the amplitude within the scope of given frequency/amplitude The influence answered is indicated by two resonant state/curves (A) and (B) respectively.The variation of resonant state (A) and (B) depend on pollution The dielectric property of object material and the material or medium for interacting therewith or shifting.The variation of resonant state shown in Fig. 4 A It can be amplitude or frequency.

In one embodiment, such as in the case where the discharge ingredient of such as cigarette ash or ammonia, respectively in particulate filter or Soot accumulated or ammonia can lead to the variation of amplitude/amplitude reduction of resonance signal or the frequency of resonance signal on catalyst.? In another embodiment, such as in the case where the discharge ingredient of such as ash content, accumulation of the ash content on particulate filter may not It will affect amplitude, but only possible will lead to frequency displacement.In yet another embodiment, accumulation or storage of the oxygen on three-way catalyst Can produce opposite behavior, so as to cause when there are oxygen amplitude increase, and for oxygen depleted state amplitude reduce.Cause This, phase interaction of the specific resonance response by the property for being vented or discharging composite material is depended on and its with filter or catalyst With.

As shown in Figure 4 B, accumulation of the exhaust gas composition on filter or catalyst may also lead to the phase of radiofrequency signal Offset, as shown in the different curves (A) and (B) in Fig. 4 B.The phase of monitoring can be absolute or opposite.In addition to monitoring width Except degree/amplitude or monitoring amplitude/amplitude is replaced, one of phase is monitored using control unit 204 the advantage is that amplitude Signal may be saturated under high particulate filter or catalyst loading levels, or be saturated due to system aging or poisoning, and Phase measurement provides broader working range, because phase shift may not be limited by identical saturation.

In one embodiment, it can be predefined to measure an a kind of frequency model of polluter/discharge ingredient The phase and/or amplitude/amplitude of monitoring RF signal are enclosed, while can be predefined to measure another polluter or exhaust gas The phase and/or amplitude/amplitude of monitoring RF signal in another frequency range of component substances.

In a particular embodiment, the amplitude of RF signal can be used monitor a type of contaminant material or exhaust/ Ingredient is discharged, and the polluter or exhaust/discharge ingredient of Second Type can be monitored by the phase of RF signal.

It in another particular embodiment, can be by the frequency shift (FS) of the amplitude or phase of RF signal come monitoring pollution object material Material or exhaust/discharge ingredient.

In another particular embodiment, the different frequency region of RF signal amplitude can be used for monitoring one or more discharges at Point, wherein the first frequency region of RF signal amplitude is for monitoring a discharge ingredient, and the second frequency area of RF signal amplitude Domain is used to monitor the second discharge ingredient.

In another specific embodiment, the different frequency region of RF signal phase can be used for monitoring one or more discharges Ingredient, wherein the first frequency region of RF signal phase is for monitoring a discharge ingredient, and the second frequency of RF signal phase Range is for monitoring the second discharge ingredient.

In another specific embodiment, it is more in identical frequency region to monitor that different RF characteristics of signals can be used In a discharge ingredient, such as the phase change by the variation of monitoring frequency (displacement), the variation of amplitude or RF signal.

In yet another embodiment, the polluter monitored/discharge ingredient can be solid-state, liquid or gaseous composition. In another embodiment, frequency, amplitude or phase measurement or parameter as derived from it can be with catalyst, filter or chambers State is related, such as ageing state, situation, health status or function.

It can be determined in particulate filter using the measurement method using amplitude/amplitude measurement, phase measurement or both Discharge ingredient/particulate matter it is horizontal, and monitoring accumulation on the filter or leaves the particulate matter of filter and (passes through escape Filter passes through oxidation) ratio.What is monitored radio frequency parameter (such as amplitude, frequency or phase) or the parameter that is derived from It can be in any frequency range.

Similarly, depositing for catalyst can be determined using the measurement method using amplitude measurement, phase measurement or both Storage state, and one or more exhausts that monitoring is removed from catalyst by desorption, consumption, oxidation or some other means The ratio of ingredient.Amplitude and/or phase signal can be directly utilized, or its certain derivative parameter can be calculated, such as average Value, maximum value, minimum value, quality factor (Q), frequency displacement, phase shift, integral or time-derivative, and be used for determining exhaust gas discharge It feeds in parameter, such as engine emission rate, filter or catalyst accumulation level, exhaust stream or adds exhaust gas composition (such as Hydrocarbon or urea) rate, or the particulate matter or catalyst consumption that are lost from filter or other gas of loss The amount of body or liquid substance.

It can average value based on two or more radiofrequency signal measured values or on several radiofrequency signal measured values To calculate the change rate of radiofrequency signal.It can be using based on other of current radio frequency signal measurement and history radiofrequency signal information It calculates.

Fig. 5 A and 5B provide the embodiment of the change rate monitoring of radiofrequency signal, and wherein Fig. 5 A depicts total particle filter Or the change rate of catalyst loading levels, and Fig. 5 B depicts the corresponding change rate of three kinds of different operation schemes (A), (B) and (C) Derivative.Scheme (A) and (C) show the exhaust gas composition accumulation of reduced levels in particulate filter or catalyst, and scheme (B) is shown The exhaust gas composition of relative high levels is accumulated.

In an exemplary embodiment, filter particulates substance load level can be calculated or catalyst storage is horizontal Variation, and divided by two or more radiofrequency signals measurement between time (or some instructions of relative time).It is acquired Filter load is horizontal or the change rate of catalyst load condition can with engine soot emissions in one embodiment, it is another In a embodiment in the charging rate or another embodiment of hydrocarbon or urea on oxygen, NOx, ammonia or catalyst The filling rate of some other exhaust gas constituents is related.

So, the variation of radiofrequency signal can be used for the variation by particulate matter accumulation on monitoring filter come directly Engine cigarette ash emission level is monitored, or in another embodiment, by accumulation of the monitoring ammonia in SCR catalyst or is deposited It stores up to monitor or control the charging rate of urea.

In yet another embodiment, the engine emission rate of other solids, liquid or gas phase emission can be based on these objects The time rate of change of the storage of matter or these substances are similar by control unit 204 from the determination of the loss of catalyst or filter Ground monitoring or control.In one embodiment, the variation of radiofrequency signal can be related to engine cigarette ash rate of discharge, wherein Grain filter is used as the accumulation engine emission Russ sensor for being detected by radiofrequency signal or being monitored.

In another embodiment, the variation of radiofrequency signal can be with gaseous material or the engine emission of exhaust gas composition speed Rate is related, and wherein catalyst is used as the engine exhaust gas sensor for being detected by radio-frequency unit or being monitored.Therefore, the method Using filter or catalyst as sensing element, and overall or most engine emission rate or exhaust can be monitored Ingredient level.

In yet another embodiment, by the way that the change rate of monitoring to be compared with expected change rate, institute can be used The change rate of the specific exhaust gas composition of monitoring carrys out the operation of diagnostic system.It in one embodiment, can be by the cigarette that will monitor Grey oxidation rate or the oxidation rate of specific exhaust products and expected oxidation rate are compared to diagnosing oxide catalyst Operation.It can be shown that catalyst function or active loss lower than expected oxidation rate.Similarly, in another embodiment In, catalyst memory capacity or absorption rate can be monitored, such as store for the oxygen on three-way catalyst, in SCR catalyst Ammonia storage, the NOx storage on LNT or the hydrocarbon storage on hydrocarbon trap.It also can refer to lower than expected memory rate Show the loss of catalyst activity, and for diagnosing or detecting aging, poisoning or defective catalyst.

Monitor the instruction that multiple resonance further provide for the localized variation rate of catalyst storage state or catalyst process.? In one embodiment, the variation of part (space) storage location can indicate the loss of local catalyst degree of functionality on catalyst.? In one embodiment, when catalyst aging or poisoning, the position of the exhaust products of storage on a catalyst may be from concentration The rear portion of catalyst is offset in catalyst front.This offset of monitoring local storage level is provided about catalyst health Additional information, and can be used for diagnosing catalyst or filter operation.In another embodiment, local storage is horizontal Offset can be radial, and have differences between center and periphery.

In another embodiment, the memory rate that exhaust gas composition can be used in control unit 204 is such as started to diagnose The upstream process of machine discharge.High level or filling rate on catalyst or filter can indicate high-incidence motivation discharge, such as high cigarette Ash discharge or the maximum discharge of certain gaseous matters (for example, NOx, hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide or other gaseous matters).

In one embodiment, pass through the height in the high NOx memory rate or SCR catalyst that monitor in NOx trap High engine NOx emission rate determined by ammonia wear rate or high soot oxidation rate on the particulate filter of catalysis, can To lead to the engine condition or failure of high NOx emission for detecting or diagnosing, for example, failure exhaust gas recirculatioon (EGR) system, Improper burning condition etc..In a similar way, pass through high engine detected by the high soot accumulation rate on particulate filter Discharge soot emissions rate can be used for diagnosing the engine failure or exception for leading to high soot emissions, for example, spraying system problem, Burn bad, shortage air-flow, EGR fault etc..

In another embodiment, the upstream process of diagnosis is without directly related with engine, but can be with auxiliary System is related, for example, hydrocarbon charging system or urea charging system.In one embodiment, control unit 204 passes through RF Ammonia memory rate in the SCR catalyst of monitoring is determined for urea or gaseous state compared with expected ammonia memory rate Whether ammonia spraying system whether normal operation, or is used correct quality or urea.It similarly, can be by by particle The RF monitoring rate of soot oxidation on filter is compared with the hydrocarbon loading level of order and expected soot oxidation rate To monitor the function of hydrocarbon charging system.In another embodiment, identical comparison can be used to determine the health of catalyst Situation.

Can use the desired value from model or simulation, the measured value from other sensors, storage value (such as In look-up table) or any other suitable means carry out the change detection rate to the RF measurement amount on catalyst or filter Comparison.It can be under known operating condition, in normal system operatio (for example, the typical drive cycle of application or work Cycle characteristics) under be compared, or pass through and order known system change or pulse and monitor system response to be invaded Formula test.

The feedback of monitoring state or health status from filter or catalyst can also be used for the dynamic of starting such as alarm Make or trigger fault code.In another embodiment, the movement can be used for the performance of compensating filter or antigravity system It reduces.In one embodiment, the movement can be the discharge for reducing specific exhaust gas composition.In another embodiment, institute State movement can be increase or decrease urea charging or hydrocarbon charging, or increase system temperature.It can use any The movement of quantity further to diagnose or control or improve the performance of filter or catalyst based on the performance of RF monitoring.

The time response of measurement defines the temporal resolution of system.Across up to 1GHz and including being measured more than 1,000 Response time easy to accomplish less than one second in the wide frequency ranges of point.The frequency range or quantity for reducing measurement point can be used for Further shorten the measurement response time.In another embodiment, by using signal averaging or modification signal power output, example Such as by using amplifier or variable gain, signal-to-noise ratio can be improved.In another embodiment, the frequency of modification operation can be passed through Rate range improves signal-to-noise ratio.

In another embodiment, the change rate of filter load level can be with the soot oxidation speed on particulate filter Rate is related, such as by filter regeneration, and in another embodiment, the change rate of filter load can be with particulate matter Matter is related from the rate escaped in filter (such as from the filter of failure).

In another embodiment, different parameters can be calculated from different modes of resonance, and in another implementation In example, the change rate of parameter derived from one or more modes of resonance or mode of resonance can be monitored, can come from or can be with Do not come from identical mode.

In another embodiment, the knowledge of engine operation parameters or operation history can be used to improve or improve Radiofrequency signal measurement.In specific embodiments, the estimation of the soot oxidation rate on particulate filter, such as from cigarette ash oxygen Change model or the simple search table based on delivery temperature, can be used for correcting the estimating based on radio frequency of engine cigarette ash emission level Meter.In one embodiment, the soot amount that estimation is oxidized in special time period can be added into particulate filter cigarette ash water The measurement based on radio frequency of flat variation, to consider to be passively or actively soot oxidation process.In another embodiment, radio frequency is surveyed Amount can be carried out only under the conditions of low exhaust temperature, under conditions of such as less than 300 DEG C or low NOx:PM ratio, wherein particle filtering Passive soot oxidation on device can be ignored.

It In yet another embodiment, such as may be such case in petrol engine, measurement can be in unsuitable cigarette ash It is carried out under conditions of oxidation, such as under the oxygen lean conditions in one embodiment.

Similarly, the wear rate of other gaseous exhaust ingredients can be monitored, such as in an embodiment by monitoring Ammonia in SCR catalyst consumes to reduce NOx emission, or deposits in another embodiment by what is monitored on three-way catalyst The reduction of storage oxygen comes oxidizing carbon monoxide or hydrocarbon.In another embodiment, radio-frequency measurement can only be conducive to It is carried out under conditions of measurement, or allows more accurately to measure and carry out under conditions of monitored parameter.There are many such items Part.In one embodiment, in the case where ammoxidation is negligible or exhaust conditions are unfavorable for oxidation, in SCR catalyst The ammonia storage or consumption rate of monitoring can carry out under low exhaust temperature.Measurement can also be conducive to certain processes and inhibit it The dilute air-fuel ratio or dense air-fuel ratio of his process carry out under low exhaust steam moisture, water or moisture/level of condensation.In another implementation It, can be using the correction to one or more noise factors in signal, such as knowledge based on system mode or specific in example Noise factor in the presence/absence of applying the known offset or deviation in measured value.

Fig. 6 A and 6B depict (i) with reference to discharge ingredient change rate, (ii) with reference to three kinds of operation schemes (A), (B) and (C), using the storage of particulate filter soot levels or catalyst or the variation of load level of rf monitoring, wherein scheme (A) Corresponding to the high level of specific discharge ingredient, (B) corresponds to the accumulation or storage speed of the discharge ingredient on filter or catalyst Rate is equal to the equilibrium condition of consumption, oxidation or the loss of discharge ingredient, and (C) corresponds to discharge component damages, consumption or oxygen Change the case where rate is more than cumulative speed.Fig. 6 A is further depicted in the gas oxidation to soot oxidation or catalyst on filter Or loss be corrected after radio-frequency responsive, by specified curve (A*), (B*) and (C*) expression.

Implement this method to consider soot oxidation or specific exhaust gas or discharge the oxidation or consumption of component substances, example Such as in one embodiment it is ammonia, or is in another embodiment oxygen, therefore being capable of precise measurement engine soot emissions Or gaseous matter discharge, or the variation horizontal based on measured particulate filter soot load level or catalyst storage, or Person even for total soot levels in filter or the gaseous matter on catalyst it is constant or reduce the case where, can also carry out Measurement.

In another embodiment, the measurement of the pressure sensor or temperature sensor in exhaust system can be into One step in another embodiment, can be used from such as gas of cigarette ash, NOx or ammonia for correcting radiofrequency signal The measurement of body sensor or lambda sensor corrects radio-frequency measurement.In another embodiment, it the result of model or simulation or deposits The value of storage can be used for correction signal.

In one embodiment, the measurement of delivery temperature and NOx or oxygen concentration can be used for inferring soot oxidation rate, and In another embodiment, it can be used for the engine cigarette ash of soot accumulation or the RF measurement of RF sensor measurement on correcting filter Emission level.In another embodiment, it may infer that the oxygen on ammonia oxidation speed rate or three-way catalyst in SCR catalyst disappears Consume rate.In another embodiment, it can be corrected based on model or look-up table etc..In yet another embodiment, from existing There is the measurement of exhaust sensor or model (virtual-sensor) to can be used for determining that soot oxidation is negligible or is stored in catalysis Gaseous matter in agent aoxidizes negligible condition, and condition is conducive to soot accumulation rate or catalysis on filter The high-precision RF of gaseous matter filling rate in agent is measured.

In another embodiment, the measurement of the engine exhaust composition based on radiofrequency signal can be further used as sending out Motivation discharges the reasonableness check of model or exhaust products model of oxidation.In specific embodiments, radio-frequency measurement can be used for mentioning The accuracy of high engine emission model, the model be used for from downstream sensor (such as onboard diagnostics application Russ sensor or ammoniacal sensor or NOx sensor) measurement be compared.

Engine emission ingredient level can be monitored during normal.The hair of abnormal high or low level Motivation discharge ingredient can be used for diagnosing engine or unit failure or exception, such as failure fuel injector, charging system failure, use Improper fluid, low or high EGR rate, air inlet or turbocharger problem, high oil consumption, control system problem, exhaust gas leakage, post-processing The problem of system etc..

In another embodiment, it can initiatively be arranged with the engine for generating known level maneuvering engine operating parameter Ingredient is put, can detect and monitor particulate filter or its catalyst by the variation of radiofrequency signal shown in Fig. 4,5 and 6 On accumulation.In one embodiment, engine oiling, air inlet, EGR, pressurization, injection timing, urea, ammonia or carbon can be modified Hydrogen compound charging or similar parameters are to cause the variation of engine emission ingredient.It is supervised during or after this intrusive test It surveys the soot accumulation rate on particulate filter or the gas on catalyst discharges memory rate, provide information for diagnosis filtering Device or engine condition.Type, duration and the frequency of this intrusive test can be fixed, or can also basis Concrete condition and change.In one particular embodiment, this intrusive test can be used for OBD purpose.In another implementation In scheme, the measurement of the engine emission determined according to radiofrequency signal can be used for modifying or controlling power operation, such as one Oiling or injection timing in a embodiment, or EGR rate or charge air flow in another embodiment, or in another reality Apply the charging of the urea, ammonia or hydrocarbon in example.

In another embodiment, the engine emission rate as measured by the variation of radiofrequency signal can be used for monitoring or examining Disconnected engine combustion process, or feedback control loop is provided for engine combustion process or power operation.Can be monitored or The engine parameter of diagnosis includes charge flow rate, fuel injection, injection timing, pressurization or turbomachine operation, egr system, cause Dynamic device, other sensors and control system and other parameters.

The discharge ingredient from engine can also be controlled, to improve the performance of particulate filter or catalyst.For example, Completely after regeneration, adjustable engine soot emissions are to adjust filter, for example, establishing filter cake on the surface of filter Layer.Filter is monitored for controlling discharge.Furthermore, it is possible to power operation be set to adjust cigarette ash characteristic, for example, by making Cigarette ash, which has, to be most suitable for forming the property of cake layer and prevents fracture filtration, or have in another embodiment by generation or The cigarette ash of the more or rare property for being conducive to oxidation.In one embodiment, it can control the size of particle.In another embodiment In, it can control particulate matter composition to include soluble organic fraction.Once it is adjusted by radio frequency sensing, measurement filter, Power operation just restores normal.

Similarly, the ingredient discharge from engine can also be controlled to improve the performance of catalyst.In one embodiment In, the performance of SCR catalyst can be improved by desulfation event or regeneration with removing the sulphur of accumulation, can be based on catalyst The radiofrequency signal measurement of performance triggers.The increase of sulphur accumulation, Huo Zhetong can be directly detected by the variation of radiofrequency signal Cross based on part or the predetermined charging event of the storage of overall ammonia is horizontal or ammonia storage is horizontal change rate after the reduction that stores of ammonia Or the rate of ammonia storage detects.In another embodiment, can by by ammonia stock control to based on RF measure and determine Specified level adjust SCR catalyst.Other embodiments include adjusting air-fuel ratio, to realize specific quantity on three-way catalyst Oxygen storage.In yet another embodiment, engine emission can be modified preferentially to influence catalyst process, such as soot oxidation The rich or lean offset of periodicity in (such as by increasing NOx or oxygen) or another embodiment, such as generated for passive ammonia.? In specific embodiment, RF measurement can be used for controlling passive SCR system or the ammonia of so-called hydrocarbon SCR system generates.

In yet another embodiment, it can use the information about engine operation parameters to correct, improve or optimize Radio-frequency measurement.In a particular embodiment, engine information includes engine speed, oiling, torque, EGR rate, charge flow rate and class Like parameter.

Response based on particular resonance mode or frequency range, can or catalyst storage water horizontal based on filter load Flat Bulk polymerization variation or filter load or the localized variation of catalyst storage determine the RF measurement of engine emission.

Being permitted for the embodiment above can be realized in the case where not departing from the spirit and scope of novel feature of the invention More change and modification.It should be understood that, it is intended that or should infer for as described herein for monitoring the radio frequency system of engine emission There is no limit for system and method.It is, of course, intended to be owned by what appended claims covering was fallen within the scope of the claims This kind of modification.

Claims (20)

1. a kind of for monitoring the radio frequency system of engine exhaust ingredient, comprising:

Shell, the shell include the discharge ingredient；

One or more radio frequency sensors, the radio frequency sensor extend in the shell and emit and receive radiofrequency signal； With

Control unit, described control unit are described for being controlled according to the variation of one or more parameters of the radiofrequency signal Radiofrequency signal and the variation for monitoring the discharge ingredient.

2. radio frequency system as described in claim 1, wherein the radiofrequency signal crosses over radiofrequency signal range, and the control Unit processed measures the variation of one or more parameters of the radiofrequency signal in the predefined region of the radiofrequency signal range.

3. radio frequency system as described in claim 1, wherein one or more of described control unit measurement and the shell One or more of the radiofrequency signal in the corresponding predefined radiofrequency signal range of one or more of predefined area of space The variation of a parameter.

4. radio frequency system as described in claim 1, wherein described control unit measures the amplitude or amplitude of the radiofrequency signal Variation and/or the radiofrequency signal phase variation.

5. radio frequency system as claimed in claim 4, wherein by measuring penetrating within the scope of one or more radio frequency signals The variation of the amplitude and/or phase of frequency signal discharges ingredients to monitor one or more.

6. radio frequency system as described in claim 1, wherein described control unit measures the one or more of the radiofrequency signal The change rate of parameter, to monitor the change rate of the discharge ingredient.

7. radio frequency system as described in claim 1, wherein change the function of transmitting to one or more of radio frequency sensors Rate, to improve the radiofrequency signal.

8. radio frequency system as claimed in claim 6, wherein described control unit monitor it is described discharge ingredient rate of discharge, Cumulative speed and/or wear rate.

9. a kind of method for monitoring the discharge ingredient in radio frequency system, the radio frequency system include；Shell, the shell packet The ingredient containing discharge；One or more radio frequency sensors, the radio frequency sensor extends in the shell and transmitting and reception are penetrated Frequency signal；Control unit, it is described the method includes being controlled based on the variation of one or more parameters of the radiofrequency signal The step of variation of radiofrequency signal and the monitoring discharge ingredient.

10. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the radiofrequency signal crosses over radiofrequency signal range, and further includes in institute The step of stating the variation for one or more parameters that the radiofrequency signal is measured in the predefined region of radiofrequency signal range.

11. method as claimed in claim 10, further comprising the steps of: corresponding to, one or more of described shell is pre- One or more parameters of the measurement radiofrequency signal within the scope of the predefined radiofrequency signal of one or more in definition space region Variation.

12. method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the predefined area of space corresponds to the measured radio frequency The predefined area of space of the parameter sensitivity of signal.

13. the method as described in right wants 11, wherein the predefined area of space, which corresponds to, to be shown for measured institute State the predefined area of space of the advantageous behavior of the parameter of radiofrequency signal.

14. method as claimed in claim 10, further comprising the steps of: in one or more predefined narrow radiofrequency signal models It encloses interior one or more parameters to the radiofrequency signal to sample, to shorten the measurement response time.

15. method as claimed in claim 14, wherein one or more of predefined narrow radiofrequency signal ranges correspond to The predefined mode of resonance of one or more of the radiofrequency signal.

16. method as claimed in claim 9, further comprising the steps of: measuring the change of the amplitude or amplitude of the radiofrequency signal The variation of the phase of change and/or radiofrequency signal.

17. the method described in claim 16, wherein passing through the institute in the one or more predefined radiofrequency signal ranges of measurement The variation of the amplitude and/or phase of radiofrequency signal is stated to monitor one or more discharge ingredients.

18. method as claimed in claim 9, further comprising the steps of: measuring one or more parameters of the radiofrequency signal Change rate, with monitor it is described discharge ingredient change rate.

19. method as claimed in claim 9 further includes by the variation of the change rate of the discharge ingredient and the discharge ingredient The step of desired value of rate is compared.

20. method as claimed in claim 10, further include the rate of discharge for monitoring the discharge ingredient, cumulative speed and/or The step of depletion rate.