CN109149651B - Optimal operation method of light storage system considering voltage-regulating auxiliary service income - Google Patents

Optimal operation method of light storage system considering voltage-regulating auxiliary service income Download PDF

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CN109149651B
CN109149651B CN201811221964.3A CN201811221964A CN109149651B CN 109149651 B CN109149651 B CN 109149651B CN 201811221964 A CN201811221964 A CN 201811221964A CN 109149651 B CN109149651 B CN 109149651B
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严锋
葛乐
张雪峰
周小勇
郁海彭
汤俊
孙巍
孙川
黄梅
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Nantong Power Supply Co Of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co
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Abstract

The invention discloses an optimal operation method of a light storage system considering voltage regulation auxiliary service income, which comprises the following steps: s1, giving a topological structure and a flexible grid-connected operation mode of the optical storage system; s2, integrating the net surfing electric quantity income, the auxiliary service income, the electricity purchasing cost, the loss cost and the operation constraint condition, and constructing an optimal operation model with the maximum economic income of the optical storage system as a target; s3, aiming at the continuous multi-stage global active and reactive double decision problem existing in the system, a multi-dimensional dynamic programming algorithm is adopted to solve the optimal operation model of the light storage system. Compared with the traditional method, the light storage system can actively respond to the voltage regulation auxiliary service price incentive, obtain higher economic benefit and effectively solve the problem of voltage out-of-limit of the power distribution network.

Description

Optimal operation method of light storage system considering voltage-regulating auxiliary service income
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optimal operation method of an optical storage system considering voltage regulation auxiliary service income, and belongs to the technical field of optimal operation of a power distribution network.
Background
The impedance ratio R/X of the power distribution network, especially a cabled power distribution network, is relatively large, active/reactive power flow distribution can generate large influence on node voltage, and voltage out-of-limit becomes a main problem of safe operation of a city power distribution network in recent years. The permeability of Distributed Generators (DGs) represented by photovoltaic is increasingly improved, the conventional DG is only used for outputting active power, and the problem of high voltage of a distribution network is further aggravated by the rigid grid-connection mode.
Conventional approaches to solving the high voltage problem of the distribution network include adjusting transformer taps, shunt reactors, and static synchronous compensators, among others. The voltage out-of-limit caused by insufficient system reactive power cannot be fundamentally solved through on-load regulation of a transformer tap, and reactive power compensation devices such as a shunt reactor and a static synchronous compensator have a remarkable effect on the voltage problem caused by reactive power flow, but the high voltage problem caused by high-permeability clean energy grid connection cannot be effectively solved, and the system grid loss can be greatly increased.
Compared with the traditional method, the flexible grid-connected mode of the photovoltaic power storage system (PESS) of the distribution network side can effectively solve the problem that the voltage of the distribution network is out of limit while photovoltaic output is not limited due to the fact that the PESS has P/Q four-quadrant output regulation capacity. On one hand, the residual capacity of the grid-connected inverter is utilized for reactive power regulation, which is similar to SVG; on the other hand, when the photovoltaic power generation is ensured to be carried out at the MPPT, the photovoltaic output of the energy storage absorption part time interval is adjusted, and the active output of the light storage system is reduced. The two aspects are combined to fundamentally solve the problem of high voltage; and the method has better economy because extra investment equipment of a power grid company is not needed.
However, it should be noted that the distribution network distributed optical storage system is mostly invested by users, and the operation control is not scheduled by the power grid, but the maximum economic benefit of the system is the target, and the system is generally operated in a price difference arbitrage mode. Therefore, it is necessary to guide the light storage users to participate in the grid voltage regulation through certain incentive measures. The demand response provides a new idea for solving the problems, and a power grid company formulates corresponding auxiliary service electricity price and execution time period according to the demands of peak regulation, voltage regulation, frequency regulation and the like, and guides users to participate in auxiliary service in a demand response mode. The light storage user formulates an optimal operation method based on self operation constraint and economic benefit according to the time period for providing the auxiliary service and the condition of the incentive electricity price, and provides the voltage regulation auxiliary service for the power grid while realizing the maximum self economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an optimal operation method of an optical storage system considering the voltage regulation auxiliary service income. Firstly, a topological structure and a flexible grid-connected mode of an optical storage system are provided. Secondly, an optimized operation model with the maximum economic benefit of the optical storage system as a target is constructed. And then, solving by adopting a multidimensional dynamic programming algorithm aiming at the continuous multi-stage global active and reactive double-decision problem existing in the energy storage operation. Finally, the effectiveness of the operation method is verified through calculation.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
An optimal operation method of a light storage system considering voltage regulation auxiliary service income comprises the following steps:
s1 shows a topological structure and a flexible grid-connected operation mode of the optical storage system: the photovoltaic power generation unit and the energy storage unit are respectively collected to a common direct current bus through a unidirectional DC/DC converter and a bidirectional DC/DC converter,the method comprises the steps that grid connection is carried out through a DC/AC inverter, PESS obtains electricity price information in different periods formulated by a power grid company, the electricity price information comprises an internet-surfing electricity price, a power purchasing electricity price and an auxiliary service electricity price, and optimal grid-connected active power P is obtained through calculationtotal(t) reactive Qtotal(t), the interior of the PESS realizes maximum power tracking control through photovoltaic DC/DC, and the photovoltaic maximum output power Ppv(t) and PtotalDifference P of (t)ESS(t), the regulation is realized by energy storage charging/discharging through a shared direct current bus, and the DC/AC grid-connected inverter uniformly controls the optimal reactive power Q of grid-connected outputtotal(t)；
S2, integrating the net surfing electric quantity income, the auxiliary service income, the electricity purchasing cost, the loss cost and the operation constraint condition, and constructing an optimal operation model with the maximum economic income of the optical storage system as a target: the method comprises a conventional operation mode and a flexible grid-connected auxiliary service providing operation mode;
s3, aiming at the continuous multi-stage global active and reactive double decision problem existing in the system, a multi-dimensional dynamic programming algorithm is adopted to solve the optimal operation model of the optical storage system.
Further, in the optimal operation method of the optical storage system considering the benefit of the voltage regulation auxiliary service, in step S1, the PESS grid-connected active power Ptotal(t)＝ηdc-ac(Ppv(t)+Pess(t)) (1) wherein P ispv(t) is the photovoltaic output, Pess(t) is the stored energy charge/discharge power, ηdc-acDC/AC conversion efficiency;
subject to the capacity limitation of the grid-connected inverter, the PESS grid-connected active power Ptotal(t) and reactive power Qtotal(t) mutual constraint, constraint relationship
Figure BDA0001835001060000021
The photovoltaic unit adopts MPPT control to always output maximum power Ppv(t) ensuring full-scale consumption of clean energy, Ppv(t)＝ηPV-dcPMPPT(t)(3)，ηPV-dcPhotovoltaic DC/DC conversion efficiency;
the operation of the energy storage unit can be divided into charging, idle and dischargingThe status of the mobile station is,
Figure BDA0001835001060000022
Pessthe output of (t) needs to consider the maximum charge-discharge power and the upper and lower limit values of the energy storage state of charge SOC (t) for avoiding overcharge and overdischarge, and the charging process
Figure BDA0001835001060000031
Discharge process
Figure BDA0001835001060000032
In the formula, Pess,clim(t)、Pess,dlim(t) energy storage charge/discharge power limits, C, respectively, for a period of tess、Pess,cmax、Pess,dmaxRated capacity, maximum charging power and maximum discharging power of the stored energy are respectively; SOCmax、SOCminRespectively an upper limit value and a lower limit value of the energy storage SOC, etaess,cηess,dRespectively calculating energy storage charging/discharging efficiency including energy storage DC/DC conversion efficiency and energy conversion efficiency of an energy storage body, wherein delta t is the duration of each calculation time interval, and P is obtained by calculating formulas (5) to (6)ess(t) substitution of formula (1) to determine Ptotal(t) output constraint Range as P for t +1 periodess(t +1) constraint calculation value, and so on, and the P obtained by taking part in model calculation of the optimal operation method as constraint conditiontotal(t) and PessThe value (t) is used as an initial value to calculate the SOC (t +1), the energy storage charge state has absolute continuity in time sequence, accumulation calculation is carried out according to actual charge and discharge power strictly according to time sequence, and the charging process
Figure BDA0001835001060000033
Discharge process
Figure BDA0001835001060000034
Further, in the above method for optimizing the operation of the light storage system in consideration of the profit of the voltage regulation auxiliary service, in step S2,
in the normal operation mode, the light storage system passes through the photovoltaicThe method comprises the steps of combining the grid-connected power generation and the energy storage peak-valley price difference to profit, selecting the maximum economic benefit of the optical storage system as a target function, and obtaining the economic benefit from the net surfing electric quantity W1Deducting and reducing the electricity purchasing cost W of the power grid2And system running cost W3Composition, economic benefit
Figure BDA0001835001060000035
The net surfing electric quantity profit W1(t)＝K1(t)Ptotal(t) Δ t (10), wherein K1(t) the price of electricity on the Internet at time t, Ptotal(t) represents the output active power of the light storage system in the t period, and the electricity purchasing cost W is the decision variable of the model2(t)＝K2(t)|Ptotal(t) | Deltat (11), wherein K2(t) the electricity purchase price in the time period t, and the system operation cost W3Including the cost of operating wear and tear as well as depreciation costs,
Figure BDA0001835001060000036
in the formula Cess,repFor cost of energy storage, QlifetimeOutputting the total quantity of electricity for the whole life of stored energy, K3(t) is the electricity consumption price, generally max (K)1(t),K2(t))，Ptotal.loss(t) Total System losses including grid-connected inverter DC/AC losses Pdc-ac.loss(t) photovoltaic DC/DC loss Ppv-dc.loss(t) energy storage charging/discharging loss Pess-c.loss(t)、Pess-d.loss(t) the formula is
Figure BDA0001835001060000041
The objective function under the operation mode of providing the auxiliary service by the flexible grid connection increases the income W obtained by the light storage system for providing the auxiliary service for the power grid on the basis of the formula (9)4，
Figure BDA0001835001060000042
Figure BDA0001835001060000043
In the formula Plim(t) light storage during part of the time periodActive quota, K, of system grid connection4(t) to compensate for electricity prices, K5(t) the light storage system absorbs or sends out inductive reactive power demand and reactive power price,
the state of charge of the stored energy at the end of one operation period is consistent with an initial value, SOC (0) is SOC (T) (16), the charging and discharging times X satisfy 0 < X ≦ k (17), and k is a given natural number.
Further, in the above method for optimizing the operation of the light storage system in consideration of the profit of the voltage regulation auxiliary service, in step S3,
aiming at the characteristics of energy storage electric quantity change and charge and discharge actions, the model is converted as follows:
and (f) stage t: the method comprises the following steps that a complete operation cycle of the optical storage system consists of a plurality of time periods, each time period is marked as T, T belongs to {1,2,3.. T }, and the interval between adjacent time periods is delta T;
state S (S)Pt,sQt): respectively taking the electric quantity of the ESS and the residual capacity of the inverter in the PESS as states sPtAnd sQtDiscretizing the state, wherein the electric quantity difference and the reactive capacity difference between adjacent states are respectively delta S and delta Q, and the state S of each time interval is set to satisfy the constraint of the charging and discharging times kPtThe energy storage system is divided into a charging group and a discharging group, wherein the charging group and the discharging group comprise corresponding allowable state sets and are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and k groups are provided in total;
decision U (U)Pt,uQt): decision uPtAnd uQtP for each time period of PESStotal(t) and Qtotal(t) which satisfies the PESS operation constraint, as shown in equations (1) to (6), including all stage decisions;
the state transition equation: the equation of the relationship between the ESS power and the charge-discharge power, expressed by equations (7) and (8), yields sPtThe state transition equation of (1); state s of neighboring stages of PESSQtWithout absolute transition relation, the current state s is determined by the PESSPtAnd determining an allowable state set of the inverter capacity, see formula (2);
an index function: objective function V of stage tt[S(sPt,sQt),U(uPt,uQt)]I.e. the economic benefit of the optical storage system is maximum, the t-th stage forward progress index function is
Figure BDA0001835001060000051
Wherein the decision set is represented by D (u)Pt,uQt) It is shown that,
in the whole optimizing solving process, the optimization is required to be completed in k charge and discharge groups in each time period, so that the operating constraint of PESS and the constraint of energy storage charge and discharge times can be met,
the initial electric quantity of the ESS determines an allowable state set at the initial moment, and when the allowable state set in the t period is solved, the allowable state set in the t-1 period and a decision u are carried outPt-1Constraint determination t period sPtOn the basis of the allowable state range of (c) by each sPtAnd decision uQtConstraint determination t period sQtThe complete allowable state set of the t period is finally obtained,
Vtfrom state between adjacent stages and Ptotal(t) and Qtotal(t) obtaining F according to the optimal index function of the previous time period, repeating the recursive calculation, and making a decision P on all stages from the initial state to the final state of the stored energytotal(t) and QtotalAnd (t) solving to obtain an optimal method.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides an optical storage optimization operation method considering voltage regulation auxiliary service benefits, and provides an optical storage integrated system topological structure and a flexible grid-connected operation mode. An optimal operation model of the optical storage system with the maximum economic benefit as a target is constructed, and the continuous multi-stage global optimal solution problem is solved by adopting a multi-dimensional dynamic programming algorithm. Through simulation example analysis, the light storage system user can select the response power grid voltage regulation auxiliary service based on self benefit maximization, and the problem of urban power distribution network high voltage is effectively solved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 illustrates a PESS flexible grid-connected operation in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a multi-dimensional dynamic programming solution according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates a 10-node power distribution system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating load versus DG prediction for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating an energy storage active power curve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 shows the active/reactive power curve of the optical storage system according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of stored energy capacity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 shows system voltages for two modes of operation in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
An optimal operation method of a light storage system considering voltage regulation auxiliary service income comprises the following steps:
s1 shows a topological structure and a flexible grid-connected operation mode of the optical storage system: the PESS flexible grid-connected operation mode of the light storage system is shown in figure 1, and a photovoltaic power generation unit and an energy storage unit are respectively collected to a common direct current bus through a unidirectional DC/DC converter and a bidirectional DC/DC converterThe grid-connected method includes that grid-connected is carried out through a DC/AC inverter, PESS obtains electricity price information in different periods formulated by a power grid company, the electricity price information comprises an internet-surfing electricity price, a power purchasing electricity price and an auxiliary service electricity price, and optimal grid-connected active power P is obtained through calculationtotal(t) reactive Qtotal(t), the interior of the PESS realizes maximum power tracking control through photovoltaic DC/DC, and the photovoltaic maximum output power Ppv(t) and PtotalDifference P of (t)ESS(t), the regulation is realized by energy storage charging/discharging through a shared direct current bus, and the DC/AC grid-connected inverter uniformly controls the optimal reactive power Q of grid-connected outputtotal(t)；
The common direct current bus structure has the advantages of few energy exchange stages, high efficiency, relatively simple control system and the like. Under the flexible grid-connected mode, the PESS realizes the optimal active/reactive power grid-connected, the economic benefit is the maximum, and meanwhile, the voltage regulation is provided for the power grid. The PESS assistance services revenue includes two components: one part is compensation obtained by reducing active output, and the other part is benefit obtained by outputting reactive power to the system.
S2, integrating the net surfing electric quantity income, the auxiliary service income, the electricity purchasing cost, the loss cost and the operation constraint condition, and constructing an optimal operation model with the maximum economic income of the optical storage system as a target: the method comprises a conventional operation mode and a flexible grid-connected auxiliary service providing operation mode;
according to the PESS operation optimization model, a load and distributed power output prediction curve of a PESS operation period is known, the operation period is composed of a plurality of time periods, the load and the distributed power output are considered to be kept unchanged in each time period, the load and the new energy output prediction accuracy can be guaranteed by the existing prediction technology, and therefore the influence of the assumption on the optimization operation result is small.
S3, aiming at the continuous multi-stage global active and reactive double decision problem existing in the system, a multi-dimensional dynamic programming algorithm is adopted to solve the optimal operation model of the light storage system.
Further, in step S1, PESS grid-connected active power Ptotal(t)＝ηdc-ac(Ppv(t)+Pess(t)) (1) wherein P ispv(t) is the photovoltaic output, Pess(t) isStored energy charge/discharge power, ηdc-acDC/AC conversion efficiency;
subject to the capacity limitation of the grid-connected inverter, the PESS grid-connected active power Ptotal(t) and reactive power Qtotal(t) mutual constraint, constraint relationship
Figure BDA0001835001060000071
The photovoltaic unit adopts MPPT control to always output maximum power Ppv(t) ensuring full-scale consumption of clean energy, Ppv(t)＝ηPV-dcPMPPT(t) (3)，ηPV-dcPhotovoltaic DC/DC conversion efficiency;
the operation of the energy storage unit can be divided into three states of charging, idle and discharging,
Figure BDA0001835001060000072
Pessthe output of (t) needs to consider the maximum charge-discharge power and the upper and lower limit values of the energy storage state of charge SOC (t) for avoiding overcharge and overdischarge, and the charging process
Figure BDA0001835001060000073
Discharge process
Figure BDA0001835001060000074
In the formula, Pess,clim(t)、Pess,dlim(t) the energy storage charge/discharge power limits, C, for the period t, respectivelyess、Pess,cmax、Pess,dmaxRated capacity, maximum charging power and maximum discharging power of the stored energy are respectively; SOCmax、SOCminRespectively an upper and lower limit value of the energy storage SOC, etaess,cηess,dRespectively calculating energy storage charging/discharging efficiency including energy storage DC/DC conversion efficiency and energy conversion efficiency of an energy storage body, wherein delta t is the duration of each calculation time interval, and P is obtained by calculating formulas (5) to (6)ess(t) substitution of formula (1) to determine Ptotal(t) output constraint Range as P for t +1 periodess(t +1) constraint calculation value, and so on, as constraint condition to participate in the model calculation of the optimal operation method,obtained Ptotal(t) and PessThe value (t) is used as an initial value to calculate the SOC (t +1), the energy storage charge state has absolute continuity in time sequence, accumulation calculation is carried out according to actual charge and discharge power strictly according to time sequence, and the charging process
Figure BDA0001835001060000081
Discharge process
Figure BDA0001835001060000082
Further, in step S2,
under a conventional operation mode, the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation and energy storage peak-valley price difference are combined to profit for the light storage system, the maximum economic benefit of the light storage system is selected as a target function, and the economic benefit is obtained from the net surfing electric quantity W1Deducting and reducing the electricity purchasing cost W of the power grid2And system operating cost W3Composition, economic benefit
Figure BDA0001835001060000083
Network electricity income W1(t)＝K1(t)Ptotal(t) Δ t (10), wherein K1(t) the price of electricity on the Internet at time t, Ptotal(t) represents the output active power of the light storage system in the t period, and the electricity purchasing cost W is the decision variable of the model2(t)＝K2(t)|Ptotal(t)|Δt (11)，
In the formula K2(t) the electricity purchase price in time t and the system operation cost W3Including the cost of operating wear and tear as well as depreciation costs,
Figure BDA0001835001060000084
in the formula Cess,repFor cost of energy storage, QlifetimeOutputting the total quantity of electricity for the whole life of stored energy, K3(t) is the electricity consumption price, generally max (K)1(t),K2(t))，Ptotal.loss(t) Total System losses including grid-connected inverter DC/AC losses Pdc-ac.loss(t) photovoltaic DC/DC loss Ppv-dc.loss(t) energy storage charging/discharging loss Pess-c.loss(t)、Pess-d.loss(t) the formula is
Figure BDA0001835001060000085
An objective function under an auxiliary service operation mode provided by flexible grid connection is added, and the income W obtained by the light storage system for providing auxiliary service for the power grid is increased on the basis of the formula (9)4，
Figure BDA0001835001060000086
Figure BDA0001835001060000087
In the formula Plim(t) is the grid-connected active quota of the light storage system in part of the time period, K4(t) to compensate for electricity prices, K5(t) the light storage system absorbs or sends out inductive reactive power demand and reactive power price,
when voltage out-of-limit early warning occurs in the power grid, the power grid company issues the grid-connected active limit P of the optical storage system in part of time periodlim(t) and the compensation price of electricity K4(t) and the light storage system absorbs or emits the inductive reactive demand and the reactive power value K5(t), when the active power of the optical storage system is greater than the active limit, no active reduction auxiliary service benefit is obtained; otherwise, the light storage system can obtain corresponding benefits according to the active reduction amount. If the light storage system absorbs or sends out inductive reactive power according to the requirements of the power grid company, reactive power auxiliary service income can be obtained.
The state of charge of the stored energy at the end of one operation cycle is consistent with an initial value, SOC (0) is SOC (T) (16), the number of charging and discharging times X satisfies 0 < X ≦ k (17), and k is a given natural number.
The operation optimization model is considered from the economic benefit of the light storage system, so that the PESS operation constraint is only considered in the constraint condition, and the specific constraint condition is shown in formulas (1) to (6). The state of charge of the stored energy at the end of an operating cycle should be consistent with the initial value, as shown in equation (16).
The number of chemical energy storage charging and discharging times is directly related to the service life, so that the charging and discharging times constraint needs to be supplemented. The energy storage units work in 3 states of charging, discharging and idling. Considering the idle state as the energy storage system charging and discharging with zero power, the charging and discharging phases of the energy storage system alternately occur in one operation period. A complete charge and discharge includes one charge phase, one discharge phase, and several idle phases, so the charge and discharge times X constraint can be described as equation (17).
Further, in step S3,
considering that the PESS optimization operation model belongs to a multi-stage continuous nonlinear programming problem on a long time scale and needs to solve a global active and reactive optimal solution, the invention adopts a multi-dimensional dynamic programming method to solve the optimal model.
Aiming at the characteristics of energy storage electric quantity change and charge and discharge actions, the model is converted as follows:
and (3) stage t: a complete operation cycle of the optical storage system consists of a plurality of time periods, each time period is marked as T, T belongs to {1,2,3.. T }, and the interval between adjacent time periods is delta T;
state S (S)Pt,sQt): respectively taking the electric quantity of the ESS and the residual capacity of the inverter in the PESS as states sPtAnd sQtDiscretizing the state, wherein the electric quantity difference and the reactive capacity difference between adjacent states are respectively delta S and delta Q, and the state S of each time interval is set to satisfy the constraint of the charging and discharging times kPtThe energy storage system is divided into a charging group and a discharging group, wherein the charging group and the discharging group comprise corresponding allowable state sets and are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and k groups are provided in total;
decision U (U)Pt,uQt): decision uPtAnd uQtP for each time period of PESStotal(t) and Qtotal(t) which satisfies the PESS operation constraint, as shown in equations (1) to (6), including all stage decisions;
the state transition equation: the equation of the relationship between the ESS power and the charge-discharge power, expressed by equations (7) and (8), yields sPtThe state transition equation of (1); state s of neighboring stages of PESSQtWithout absolute transition relation, the current state s is determined by the PESSPtAnd determining an allowable state set of the inverter capacity, see formula (2);
an index function: objective function V of stage tt[S(sPt,sQt),U(uPt,uQt)]I.e. the economic benefit of the optical storage system is maximum, the t-th stage forward progress index function is
Figure BDA0001835001060000101
Wherein the decision set is represented by D (u)Pt,uQt) It is shown that,
in the whole optimizing solving process, the optimizing is completed in k charge-discharge groups in each time period, so that the operating constraint of PESS and the constraint of energy storage charge-discharge times can be met,
the initial electric quantity of the ESS determines an allowable state set at the initial moment, and when the allowable state set in the t period is solved, the allowable state set in the t-1 period and a decision u are carried outPt-1Constraint determination t period sPtOn the basis of the allowable state range of (a) by each sPtAnd decision uQtConstraint determination t period sQtFinally, the complete allowable state set of the t period is obtained,
Vtfrom state between adjacent stages and Ptotal(t) and Qtotal(t) obtaining F according to the optimal index function of the previous time period, repeating the recursive calculation, and making a decision P on all stages from the initial state to the final state of the stored energytotal(t) and Qtotal(t) solving to obtain an optimal method, as shown in fig. 2, which is a multi-dimensional dynamic programming solving process.
In order to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the optimized operation method provided by the invention, simulation and verification are carried out on the modified 10-node power distribution system shown in fig. 3, and in order to reflect the fact that most of urban power distribution networks in China adopt cables, the most popular YJV 22-3X 400 type cables are used as the circuits. The voltage class of the power distribution system is 10kV, the power distribution system comprises 1 wind power system (WG) and 3 photovoltaic systems (PV), and specific parameters are shown in table 1. L1-L5 are the locations of the loads. The light storage systems A and B are formed by upgrading PV2 and PV3, and the rated capacity of the inverter is 0.65 MVA. The energy storage parameters of the light storage system A, B are shown in table 2. Typical daily load versus DG force curves are shown in fig. 4. The example specifies a complete operating cycle of 24h, which is divided into 96 time segments, each of 15 min. The prediction curves of the system load, the photovoltaic and the wind power are known, as shown in fig. 4.
TABLE 1DG parameters
Figure BDA0001835001060000102
Figure BDA0001835001060000111
TABLE 2 energy storage parameters
Figure BDA0001835001060000112
It should be noted that the distributed energy source provides compensation for the auxiliary voltage regulation service to encourage a power price policy, and related departments are in the process of making a decision. For calculation, the corresponding compensation price is given by taking reference to 'notice about promoting the electricity storage to participate in the trial work of the compensation (market) mechanism of the power auxiliary service in the' three north 'region' and the pricing of the auxiliary service in the more mature country of the foreign power market in the calculation. The light storage system provides reactive auxiliary service with a power rate of 0.6 yuan/kvar.h (21: 00 to 6:00 the next day, and 11: 00-13: 00), and an active reduction power rate of 0.2 yuan/kw.h (11:00-15:00PESS limits the maximum output to 0.2 MW). In the multidimensional dynamic programming solving algorithm, the electric quantity difference delta S is set to be 0.01MW multiplied by 15min, and the reactive capacity difference delta Q is set to be 0.01Mvar multiplied by 15 min. The service life loss of the energy storage and the flexibility of providing auxiliary service are comprehensively considered, and the daily charging and discharging times of the energy storage are limited to 7 times.
Taking the optical storage system a as an example, the operation results are shown in fig. 5-7. Fig. 5 is a charge and discharge power curve of the optical storage system a in the conventional and flexible grid-connected operation modes, and as can be seen from the graph, at 00: 00-06: 00 and 21:00-22: and in a 00 time period, under the flexible grid-connected operation mode, the energy storage does not work, on one hand, the photovoltaic output is zero in the time period, the energy storage does not need to adjust the photovoltaic output, on the other hand, in order to obtain reactive grid-connected benefits, the capacity of the inverter is fully used for providing auxiliary service for absorbing inductive reactive power for the power grid. At 16: 00-19: compared with the flexible grid-connected operation mode, the charging power of the stored energy in the conventional operation mode is larger in the 00 time period, and the energy storage operation loss is correspondingly increased. Fig. 6 is a curve of active power and reactive power output by the optical storage system in the flexible grid-connected operation mode, and it can be known from the graph that, in the time period of the auxiliary service benefit excitation, the system absorbs inductive reactive power by using an inverter for improving the benefit, but in 22: 00-24: and in the period of 00, the energy storage needs to purchase power from the power grid to restore the electric quantity to the initial state, and the inverter cannot absorb inductive reactive power with the maximum capacity in the period of 00 under the constraint of the capacity of the inverter. Fig. 7 is a curve of the energy storage capacity in the normal and flexible grid-connected operation modes, and it can be known from the graph that from 06:00, in order to obtain the price difference arbitrage of "low storage and high generation", the photovoltaic capacity is stored by using the energy storage until the capacity of the energy storage system reaches the limit value when the ratio approaches 08: 00. At 11:00-15: and in the 00 period, the photovoltaic output is the largest, the system responds to the active reduction demand of a power grid company, the generated energy of the photovoltaic unit is partially transferred to the stored energy, the overall output of the photovoltaic storage system is reduced, the full consumption of photovoltaic power generation is ensured, and the corresponding auxiliary service income is obtained. Comparing the energy storage electric quantity curve of the light storage system under two operation modes, it can be seen that the charging and discharging depth of the energy storage under the conventional operation mode is large, and the service life loss is correspondingly increased.
Through calculation, in one operation period, the total profit of the optical storage systems A and B is higher than 437 yuan and 353 yuan respectively by considering the profit of the voltage auxiliary service compared with the traditional pure price difference arbitrage mode. It can be inferred that in the context of auxiliary service electricity price incentive, the light storage user necessarily selects an operation mode of responding to the power grid voltage regulation auxiliary service based on self interest maximization.
Also taking the optical storage system a as an example, the system node voltage changes in two operation modes are shown in fig. 8, where the highest voltage curve is the highest node voltage of the time-interval system voltage, and the lowest voltage curve is the lowest node voltage of the time-interval system voltage. It can be seen that when operated in the conventional manner, grid node voltage violations occurred during the 23:00 to next day 06:00 time period, 11:00 to 15:00 time period, and 21:00 to 22:00 time period. The analysis shows that the load is at a lower level in the period from night to early morning, the fan unit can still be connected to the grid for power generation, and the high voltage problem occurs in part of nodes under the action of the cable charging current. The ratio of 11:00 to 15:00 is the peak time of photovoltaic output in all days, and the voltage of part of near power supply points is higher through the output of the superimposed fans. Therefore, for the higher voltage caused by lighter load at night, the system needs to provide reactive support; and for node voltage increase caused by photovoltaic output peak, grid-connected active limitation is required to be assisted.
When the optical storage system operates in a response auxiliary service operation mode, the voltage level of the nodes of the whole network is greatly improved, and the voltage in each time period is within a safety range. As can be seen from the analysis in fig. 5 and 6, under the incentive of the auxiliary service revenue, the optical storage system a absorbs inductive reactive power with a maximum rated capacity close to the inverter in the 06:00 time period of 21:00-22:00 and 23: 00-the next day. In the time period from 11:00 to 15:00, on one hand, active power output is reduced, on the other hand, inductive reactive power is absorbed, and the problem of high voltage of the system is effectively solved.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. An optimal operation method of a light storage system considering voltage regulation auxiliary service income is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 shows a topological structure and a flexible grid-connected operation mode of the optical storage system: the photovoltaic power generation unit and the energy storage unit are respectively collected to a public direct current bus through a unidirectional DC/DC converter and a bidirectional DC/DC converter, grid connection is carried out through a DC/AC inverter, PESS obtains electricity price information in different periods formulated by a power grid company, the electricity price information comprises an internet-surfing electricity price, a power purchasing electricity price and an auxiliary service electricity price, and optimal grid-connection active P is obtained through calculationtotal(t) reactive powerQtotal(t), the interior of the PESS realizes maximum power tracking control through photovoltaic DC/DC, and the photovoltaic maximum output power Ppv(t) and PtotalDifference P of (t)ESS(t), the regulation is realized by energy storage charging/discharging through a shared direct current bus, and the DC/AC grid-connected inverter uniformly controls the optimal reactive power Q of grid-connected outputtotal(t)；
S2, integrating the net surfing electric quantity income, the auxiliary service income, the electricity purchasing cost, the loss cost and the operation constraint condition, and constructing an optimal operation model with the maximum economic income of the optical storage system as a target, wherein the optimal operation model provides an auxiliary service operation mode for a conventional operation mode and flexible grid connection;
s3, aiming at the continuous multi-stage global active and reactive double decision problem existing in the system, a multi-dimensional dynamic programming algorithm is adopted to solve the optimal operation model of the light storage system.
2. The optimal operation method of the light storage system considering the voltage regulation auxiliary service income as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, PESS grid-connected active power Ptotal(t)＝ηdc-ac(Ppv(t)+Pess(t)) (1) wherein P ispv(t) is the photovoltaic output, Pess(t) is the stored energy charge/discharge power, ηdc-acDC/AC conversion efficiency;
subject to the capacity limitation of the grid-connected inverter, the PESS grid-connected active power Ptotal(t) and reactive power Qtotal(t) mutual constraint, constraint relationship
Figure FDA0003328429860000011
In the formula SinverterThe apparent power of the converter;
the photovoltaic unit adopts MPPT control to always output maximum power Ppv(t) ensuring full-scale consumption of clean energy, Ppv(t)＝ηPV-dcPMPPT(t) (3) wherein PMPPT(t) is the photovoltaic maximum power point tracking power, ηPV-dcPhotovoltaic DC/DC conversion efficiency;
the operation of the energy storage unit can be divided into charging, idle and dischargingIn the case of a seed state of the vehicle,
Figure FDA0003328429860000012
in the formula Pess,c(t) is the stored energy charging power, Pess,d(t) is the stored energy discharge power;
Pessthe output of (t) needs to consider the maximum charge-discharge power and the upper and lower limit values of the energy storage state of charge SOC (t) for avoiding overcharge and overdischarge, and the charging process
Figure FDA0003328429860000021
Discharge process
Figure FDA0003328429860000022
In the formula, Pess,clim(t)、Pess,dlim(t) energy storage charge/discharge power limits, C, respectively, for a period of tess、Pess,cmax、Pess,dmaxRated capacity, maximum charging power and maximum discharging power of the stored energy are respectively; SOCmax、SOCminRespectively an upper limit value and a lower limit value of the energy storage SOC, etaess,c、ηess,dRespectively calculating energy storage charging/discharging efficiency including energy storage DC/DC conversion efficiency and energy conversion efficiency of an energy storage body, wherein delta t is the duration of each calculation time interval, and P is obtained by calculating formulas (5) to (6)ess(t) substitution of formula (1) to determine Ptotal(t) output constraint Range as P for t +1 periodess(t +1) constraint calculation value, and so on, and the P obtained by taking part in model calculation of the optimal operation method as constraint conditiontotal(t) and PessThe value (t) is used as an initial value to calculate the SOC (t +1), the energy storage charge state has absolute continuity in time sequence, accumulation calculation is carried out according to actual charge and discharge power strictly according to time sequence, and the charging process
Figure FDA0003328429860000023
Discharge process
Figure FDA0003328429860000024
3. The optimal operation method for light storage system considering voltage regulation auxiliary service income as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2,
under the conventional operation mode, the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation and energy storage peak-valley price difference are used for arbitrage profit of the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system, the maximum economic profit of the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system is selected as a target function, and the economic profit is obtained from the net surfing electric quantity W1Deducting and reducing the electricity purchasing cost W of the power grid2And system operating cost W3Composition, economic benefit
Figure FDA0003328429860000025
The net surfing electric quantity profit W1(t)＝K1(t)Ptotal(t) Δ t (10), wherein K1(t) the price of electricity on the Internet at time t, Ptotal(t) represents the output active power of the optical storage system in the t period, and is a decision variable of the model, and the electricity purchasing cost W is applied to the power grid2(t)＝K2(t)|Ptotal(t) | Deltat (11), wherein K2(t) the electricity purchase price in time t and the system operation cost W3Including the cost of operating wear and tear as well as depreciation costs,
Figure FDA0003328429860000026
in the formula Cess,repFor cost of energy storage, QlifetimeOutputting the total quantity of electricity for the whole life of stored energy, K3(t) is the electricity consumption price, generally max (K)1(t),K2(t))，Ptotal.loss(t) Total System losses including grid-connected inverter DC/AC losses Pdc-ac.loss(t) photovoltaic DC/DC loss Ppv-dc.loss(t) energy storage charging/discharging loss Pess-c.loss(t)、Pess-d.loss(t) the formula is
Figure FDA0003328429860000031
In the formula Pξ.loss(t) energy storage charge-discharge state switching loss;
the flexible grid connection provides an objective function under an auxiliary service operation mode, and the light storage is added on the basis of the formula (9)System provides income W obtained by auxiliary service for power grid4，
Figure FDA0003328429860000032
Figure FDA0003328429860000033
In the formula Plim(t) is the grid-connected active quota of the light storage system in part of the time period, K4(t) to compensate for electricity prices, K5(t) the light storage system absorbs or sends out inductive reactive power demand and reactive power price,
the state of charge of the stored energy at the end of one operation period is consistent with an initial value, SOC (0) is SOC (T) (16), the charging and discharging times X satisfy 0 < X ≦ k (17), and k is a given natural number.
4. The optimal operation method for light storage system considering voltage regulation auxiliary service income as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3,
aiming at the characteristics of energy storage electric quantity change and charge and discharge actions, the model is converted as follows:
and (f) stage t: a complete operation cycle of the optical storage system consists of a plurality of time periods, each time period is marked as T, T belongs to {1,2,3.. T }, and the interval between adjacent time periods is delta T;
state S (S)Pt,sQt): respectively taking the electric quantity of the ESS and the residual capacity of the inverter in the PESS as states sPtAnd sQtDiscretizing the state, wherein the electric quantity difference and the reactive capacity difference between adjacent states are respectively delta S and delta Q, and the state S of each time interval is set to satisfy the constraint of the charging and discharging times kPtThe energy storage system is divided into a charging group and a discharging group, wherein the charging group and the discharging group comprise corresponding allowable state sets and are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and k groups are provided in total;
decision U (U)Pt,uQt): decision uPtAnd uQtP for each time period of PESStotal(t) and Qtotal(t) which satisfies the PESS operating constraints, as shown in equations (1) to (6), including all stage decisions;
the state transition equation: the equation of the relationship between the ESS power and the charge-discharge power, expressed by equations (7) and (8), yields sPtThe state transition equation of (c); state s of neighboring stages of PESSQtWithout absolute transition relation, the current state s is determined by the PESSPtAnd determining an allowable state set of the inverter capacity, see formula (2);
an index function: objective function V of stage tt[S(sPt,sQt),U(uPt,uQt)]I.e. the economic benefit of the optical storage system is maximum, then the t-th stage forward progress index function is
Figure FDA0003328429860000041
Wherein the decision set is represented by D (u)Pt,uQt) It is shown that the process of the present invention,
in the whole optimizing solving process, the optimizing is completed in k charge-discharge groups in each time period, so that the operating constraint of PESS and the constraint of energy storage charge-discharge times can be met,
the initial electric quantity of the ESS determines an allowable state set at the initial moment, and when the allowable state set in the t period is solved, the allowable state set in the t-1 period and a decision u are carried outPt-1Constraint determination t period sPtOn the basis of the allowable state range of (a) by each sPtAnd decision uQtConstraint determination t period sQtFinally, the complete allowable state set of the t period is obtained,
Vtfrom state between adjacent stages and Ptotal(t) and Qtotal(t) obtaining F according to the optimal index function of the previous time period, repeating the recursive calculation, and making a decision P on all stages from the initial state to the final state of the stored energytotal(t) and QtotalAnd (t) solving to obtain an optimal method.
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