CN109149125A - A kind of phased array antenna system and its optimization method suitable for tunnel environment - Google Patents
A kind of phased array antenna system and its optimization method suitable for tunnel environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN109149125A CN109149125A CN201811002462.1A CN201811002462A CN109149125A CN 109149125 A CN109149125 A CN 109149125A CN 201811002462 A CN201811002462 A CN 201811002462A CN 109149125 A CN109149125 A CN 109149125A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
- H01Q19/30—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially straight, e.g. Yagi antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
- H01Q9/285—Planar dipole
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of phased array antenna systems and its optimization method suitable for tunnel environment.The antenna system includes the micro-strip yagi aerial and a phase shifter of two secondary high-gains, and for the signal depth fading problem in tunnel environment, it establishes Parabolic Equation wave transmissions model and Electromagnetic Modeling and field intensity prediction is carried out to tunnel environment, then on this basis, by adjusting the current feed phase with optimization phased antenna, the minimum value amplitude of total electric field in the observation area of far field is made to reach maximum.Phased array antenna system and its optimization method proposed by the present invention suitable for tunnel environment, radio communication quality can be promoted significantly, can not only effectively promotion signal average field-strength, and multipath effect bring deep fading can be eliminated, obtain the optimal diversity performance of matching tunnel structure.A set of phased array antenna system is installed in the inlet in the long tunnel of 3 kms, can be realized in the tunnel of high quality and communicate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication field, especially a kind of phased array antenna system suitable for tunnel environment and its excellent
Change method.
Background technique
In recent years, the Transport Facility Constructions such as China express railway, subway achieve unprecedented development.Due to China region the Liao Dynasty
It is wealthy, topography and geomorphology is complicated, more mountainous regions, hills geographical environment make the quantity of railway tunnel show the growth of blowout.With
This simultaneously, modernized railway builds that more stringent requirements are proposed to stability, the timeliness of mobile communication system along the line.In addition,
The universal and application of mobile Internet also puts forward new requirements personal network's service of train high speed rate, high quality, such as
Train video calling, high-speed downloading etc..However, being different from general outdoor wireless communication, electromagnetic wave passes in tunnel environment
Sowing time, on the one hand, absorption, reflection and the rough interface scattering of tunnel wall cause decaying and phase shift to electromagnetic wave, influence communication quality；Separately
On the one hand, the reflecting component in different paths is overlapped mutually in tunnel restricted clearance, is formed significant multipath effect, signal is occurred
Rapid fading phenomenon seriously affects demodulation of the receiving end to signal.
In order to improve the rapid fading problem in distributing antenna system, antenna space diversity technology can be used, using more
Secondary high-gain aerial enhances the overall signal intensity of receiving end.When meeting certain phase relation and space between antenna
When position, then the signal level in deep fading area can be promoted significantly.Due in tunnel environment, the coverage property of electromagnetic wave
It is closely related with the electrical parameter of the geometry in tunnel, size, trend and tunnel wall, traditional deversity scheme usually assumes that field
Meet the certain specific regularity of distribution by force and carry out antenna setting, which is often difficult to realize the optimization of diversity performance.In addition,
Using outfield actual measurement by the way of can then face parameter it is excessive caused by measure larger problem, be equally difficult to find matching tunnel
The optimal antenna of structure configures.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of phased array antenna systems and its optimization method suitable for tunnel environment.The day
Linear system system includes the micro-strip yagi aerial and a phase shifter of two secondary high-gains, and declines for the signal depth in tunnel environment
Problem is fallen, Parabolic Equation wave transmissions model is established and Electromagnetic Modeling and field intensity prediction is carried out to tunnel environment, it is then basic herein
On, by adjusting the current feed phase with optimization phased antenna, reach the minimum value amplitude of total electric field in the observation area of far field most
Greatly.
Realize that the technical solution of the object of the invention is as follows:
A kind of phased array antenna system suitable for tunnel environment, including two secondary identical micro-strip yagi aerials, first is micro-
Band yagi aerial is connected to transmitter/receiver, and the second micro-strip yagi aerial is connected to transmitter/receiver, phase shift by phase shifter
The phase of device is sought according to tunnel geometric dimension using optimization method；The first micro-strip yagi aerial is installed on tunnel portal
At tunnel roof, the second micro-strip yagi aerial is installed on above the other side of tunnel portal close to tunnel roof one upper side
Place, and it is symmetrical with the first micro-strip yagi aerial；The signal propagation direction of the micro-strip yagi aerial and tunnel direction one
It causes.
A kind of optimization method of the phased array antenna system suitable for tunnel environment, including
Step 1: establishing tunnel radio wave propagation numerical simulation computation model based on Parabolic Equation, including
Parabolic Equation fluctuates equation factorization by Helmholtz, and ignores the back-propagating item of electromagnetic wave and obtain；
In rectangular coordinate system, the Parabolic Equation of canonical form is expressed as
Wherein, u is wave function relevant to field component, k0For the propagation constant of free space；
For numerical solution Parabolic Equation, introduces ADI difference scheme and it is carried out discrete, obtain
In formula, n+1/2 indicates the virtual stepping face between n and n+1, and Δ x, Δ y, Δ z is respectively x, tri- directions y, z
Discrete steps；M is the discrete serial number of grid in the y-direction, and l is the discrete serial number of grid in the z-direction；
When considering the dielectric loss of tunnel wall, using Lie Angtuoweiqi impedance boundary condition
Wherein,For the exterior normal unit vector on lossy dielectric surface, Z is the surface impedance of lossy dielectric,Relative dielectric constant εr, complex dielectric permittivity εrc=εr-iσr, relative conductivity σr=σ0/ωε0, ε0=8.85
×10-12F/m；
By obtaining the geometric dimension of tunnel cross sectional in the engineering drawing in tunnel, tunnel trend is obtained from numerical map,
The boundary condition for constructing the calculating of Parabolic Equation numerical value, determines simulating area；The far-field pattern of micro-strip yagi aerial is carried out
Far and near field transformation obtains radiation source aperture field, the initial fields as Parabolic Equation Electromagnetic Simulation；
Step 2: according to tunnel radio wave propagation numerical simulation computation model, the distribution of electromagnetic field in tunnel is calculated；
Step 3: the phase of the second micro-strip yagi aerial of adjustment calculates the far-field pattern of antenna, again according to tunnel again
Road radio wave propagation numerical simulation computation model calculates the distribution of electromagnetic field in tunnel；
Step 4: being repeated several times step 3, untilFar field observation area in total electric field minimum value
Amplitude maximum；Wherein, d is distance, and W and H are respectively the maximum width and height in tunnel, and λ is wavelength.
Phased array antenna system and its optimization method proposed by the present invention suitable for tunnel environment, can be promoted significantly
Radio communication quality, can not only effectively promotion signal average field-strength, and multipath effect bring depth can be eliminated
Decline obtains the optimal diversity performance of matching tunnel structure.A set of phased array antenna is installed in the inlet in the long tunnel of 3 kms
System can be realized in the tunnel of high quality and communicate.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is printed dipole antenna positive structure schematic；
Fig. 2 is printed dipole antenna backside structure and schematic side view；
Fig. 3 is printed dipole antenna back three-dimensional diagram；
Fig. 4 is micro-strip yagi aerial structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is micro-strip yagi aerial S11 curve graph；
Fig. 6 is tunnel environment Electromagnetic Simulation flow chart；
Fig. 7 is the phase optimization flow chart based on tunnel environment electromagnetic simulation model；
Fig. 8 is railway list hole double track tunnel cross sectional schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is antenna system composition and scheme of installation；
Figure 10 is the electric-field intensity distribution figure in tunnel at the A of train position；Wherein,
Electric-field intensity distribution figure when Figure 10 (a) is that antenna 1 emits signal, in tunnel at the A of train position；
Electric-field intensity distribution figure when Figure 10 (b) is that antenna 2 emits signal, in tunnel at the A of train position；
Electric field strength point when Figure 10 (c) is that antenna 1 and antenna 2 emit signal jointly, in tunnel at the A of train position
Butut.
Specific embodiment
It is further described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
In tunnel environment, tunnel wall has absorption, reflection and scattering process to electromagnetic wave, will generate additional feature and damage
Consumption.In addition, to also result in tunnel energy distribution uneven for multipath effect, so that signal rapid fading phenomenon is occurred, be unfavorable for tunnel
Interior wireless communication.Space diversity technology can effectively improve the communication quality in tunnel environment.In design phased array antenna
When system, it usually needs consider the irrelevance between antenna, and this irrelevance is mainly determined by channel circumstance.Cause
This, needs that the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation rule in tunnel is predicted and analyzed, and consider the radiation field of real antenna in tunnel
The regularity of distribution, then according to propagation prediction as a result, installation site and current feed phase to phased array antenna optimize, with this
To obtain optimal receptivity.Since the space in tunnel is limited, installation site is substantially stationary, is mainly adjusted by and presents with optimization
Electric phase improves communication quality.
Specific embodiment is as follows:
1) selection and design of transmitting antenna
Since antenna is installed on the inlet in tunnel, installation space is limited, and there are windages when train passes through, it is desirable that antenna
Cross-sectional area it is sufficiently small as far as possible.In order to adapt to the linear distribution character in tunnel, tunnel aerial must have high-gain, reduce
Beam angle, and be able to satisfy the band requirement of railway communication, that is, work in 900MHz frequency range (uplink: 885MHz-890MHz；Under
Row: 930MHz-935MHz).On the basis of comprehensively considering various antenna performances and superiority and inferiority, using microstrip antenna and Yagi spark gap day
The mode that line combines realizes required high-gain aerial.Wherein using microstrip antenna as the main radiating element of antenna, by adding
Add the mode for guiding gust device into optimize reflection and the radiance of antenna.Microstrip antenna uses class printed dipole antenna, center
Coaxial feed uses asymmetrical structure to facilitate antenna to install.Open circuit minor matters are added to adjust matching in antenna two sides, are reduced
Reflection.Front and back metal plate is connected using through-hole on the downside of antenna, short-circuit structure is formed, to reduce antenna size and adjustment
Antenna resonance.Dielectric substrate uses relative dielectric constant for 2.2,5880 material of Rogers that loss angle tangent is 0.0009, micro-
Band overall antennas sizes are 150mm × 93mm × 1.6mm.For the requirement for meeting the distribution of railway communication threadiness, make the energy of antenna
It is concentrated to a direction, adds reflective back plane in the other end of sender, increase the directionality of antenna；Director is added,
Improve antenna gain.Radiator antenna structure as shown in figure 4, antenna back panel radius be 120mm, overall antennas sizes be 1152mm ×
φ160mm.Wherein antenna adds altogether aluminum and guides a period of time 15 into, and diameter is 6mm, but has certain change in length and spacing
Change, length is between 11mm-13.2mm, and spacing is between 6-8mm.S11 curve such as Fig. 5 of the antenna, -10dB bandwidth of antenna are
737MHz-990MHz, bandwidth reach 253MHz, the communications band of 885MHz-935MHz can be completely covered.The gain of antenna is
16dBi, the standing-wave ratio of antenna is less than 1.5, and front and back is compared greater than 27dB, and half-power beam width is 38 degree.
After the far-field pattern of this yagi aerial is carried out far and near field transformation, radiation source aperture field is obtained, as
The initial fields that Parabolic Equation calculates.
2) radio wave propagation mathematical calculation model is established based on Parabolic Equation
Parabolic Equation (Parabolic Equation, PE) by Helmholtz (Helmholtz) wave equation factorization,
And ignores the back-propagating item of electromagnetic wave and obtain.In rectangular coordinate system, the Parabolic Equation of canonical form can be expressed as
Wherein, u is wave function relevant to field component, k0For the propagation constant of free space.
For numerical solution Parabolic Equation, ADI difference scheme (Alternating Direction is introduced
Implicit, ADI) it is carried out it is discrete, it is available
In formula, n+1/2 indicates the virtual stepping face between n and n+1, and Δ x, Δ y, Δ z is respectively x, tri- directions y, z
Discrete steps.After given radiation source information and boundary condition, iteratively solved using the stepping that formula (2) carry out spatial field, then it can be with
Obtain the field distribution in entire tunnel.
When considering the dielectric loss of tunnel wall, using Lie Angtuoweiqi (Leontovich) impedance boundary condition
(Impedance Boundary Condition,IBC)
Wherein,For the exterior normal unit vector on lossy dielectric surface, Z is the surface impedance of lossy dielectric,Relative dielectric constant εr, complex dielectric permittivity εrc=εr-iσr, relative conductivity σr=σ0/ωε0, ε0=8.85
×10-12F/m.E and H is respectively electric and magnetic fields intensity.
As shown in fig. 6, being obtained from numerical map by obtaining the geometric dimension of tunnel cross sectional in the engineering drawing in tunnel
The information such as tunnel trend, construct the boundary condition of Parabolic Equation numerical value calculating accordingly, determine simulating area；By yagi aerial
Far-field pattern carries out far and near field transformation, radiation source aperture field is obtained, as the initial fields of Parabolic Equation Electromagnetic Simulation, Ji Kejian
Vertical radio wave propagation numerical simulation computation model.
3) phased array antenna system design and optimization
When electromagnetic wave is propagated in tunnel, the higher mode that aerial radiation evokes is with faster velocity attenuation, the tribute in far-field region
It offers and mostlys come from low order mode and main mould.Multipath effect makes far zone field show the variation of concussion property, i.e. field strength with propagation distance
Wave crest, trough are interspersed.Therefore, two slave antennas are exactly individually positioned in tunnel different location by the intuitive thinking of space diversity
Place, so that two slave antennas are maximum in the field strength synthesized in axial (train direction of travel) receiving point of propagation.Consider the spy in tunnel
Different environment and Project Realization, can only use reduction procedure: two secondary diversity antennas be respectively arranged in close on tunnel cross sectional
Tunnel roof, height be identical and symmetrical position at, by constantly adjusting the phase of antenna 2, make other than 500m (i.e.Far field observation area in total electric field minimum value amplitude maximum；Wherein, d is distance, and W and H are respectively tunnel
The maximum width and height in road, λ are wavelength) far field observation area in total electric field minimum value amplitude be maximum.
Firstly, establishing radio wave propagation numerical simulation computation model according to process shown in fig. 6；Then, calculating will be installed on
The far-field pattern of the secondary yagi aerial of the two of tunnel entrance, is carried out far and near field transformation, obtains radiation source aperture field, as
The initial fields of Parabolic Equation Electromagnetic Simulation；According to radio wave propagation numerical simulation model, the distribution of electromagnetic field in tunnel is calculated.Such as figure
Shown in 7, the phase of antenna 2 is adjusted, calculates the far-field pattern of antenna again, again according to radio wave propagation numerical simulation model,
Calculate the distribution of electromagnetic field in tunnel.The repeatedly phase of adjustment antenna 2, makes total electric field in the far field observation area other than 500m
Minimum value amplitude maximum, the at this time phase of antenna 2, as optimum angle.
It is illustrated below with reference to example.
If Fig. 8 is railway list hole double track tunnel cross sectional schematic diagram, a height of 8m in tunnel, width 12m, tunnel wall is with respect to dielectric
Constant is 6.8, conductivity 0.034S/m.The secondary identical high-gain Yagi antenna of radiation source designed by the invention two.It puts
Set away from tunnel-side 2m, away from the tunnel symmetrical position roof 1m at, the distance between two antennas be 3m, sectional dimension is such as
Shown in Fig. 7, A in figure, B are position to be optimized, i.e. position where train receiving antenna.Antenna system is by the eight of two secondary high-gains
The wooden antenna and a phase shifter composition, system composition and installation signal are as shown in Figure 9.
The field distribution in entire tunnel is calculated by radio wave propagation numerical simulation computation model.Figure 10 (a) is that antenna 1 is independent
Electric-field intensity distribution figure when emitting signal, in tunnel at the A of train position；Figure 10 (b) is the individually transmitting signal of antenna 2
When, the electric-field intensity distribution figure in tunnel at the A of train position；Antenna 1 and antenna 2 emit signal jointly, using the present invention
Optimization method, adjustment antenna 2 emits the phase of signal, and when phase shifter adjustment phase place is to 154 °, train institute is in place in tunnel
It sets shown in electric-field intensity distribution such as Figure 10 (c) at A, average level improves 5.6dB, and minimum level improves 35dB, obtains
Optimum optimization effect.
In conclusion the phased array antenna system proposed by the present invention suitable for tunnel environment can be promoted wirelessly significantly
Communication quality, can not only effectively promotion signal average field-strength, and multipath effect bring deep fading can be eliminated,
Obtain the optimal diversity performance of matching tunnel structure.A set of phased array antenna system is installed in the inlet in the long tunnel of 3 kms,
It can be realized in the tunnel of high quality and communicate.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of phased array antenna system suitable for tunnel environment, which is characterized in that including two secondary identical micro-strip Yagi spark gap days
Line, the first micro-strip yagi aerial are connected to transmitter/receiver, and the second micro-strip yagi aerial is connected to by phase shifter to be emitted/connect
The phase of receipts machine, phase shifter is sought according to tunnel geometric dimension using optimization method；The first micro-strip yagi aerial is installed on
At tunnel roof, the second micro-strip yagi aerial is installed on above the other side of tunnel portal and leans on one upper side of tunnel portal
At nearly tunnel roof, and it is symmetrical with the first micro-strip yagi aerial；The signal propagation direction of the micro-strip yagi aerial with
Tunnel direction is consistent.
2. a kind of optimization method of the phased array antenna system suitable for tunnel environment as described in claim 1, feature exist
In, including
Step 1: establishing tunnel radio wave propagation numerical simulation computation model based on Parabolic Equation, including
Parabolic Equation fluctuates equation factorization by Helmholtz, and ignores the back-propagating item of electromagnetic wave and obtain；
In rectangular coordinate system, the Parabolic Equation of canonical form is expressed as
Wherein, u is wave function relevant to field component, k0For the propagation constant of free space；
For numerical solution Parabolic Equation, introduces ADI difference scheme and it is carried out discrete, obtain
In formula, n+1/2 indicates the virtual stepping face between n and n+1, and Δ x, Δ y, Δ z is respectively x, tri- directions y, z it is discrete
Step-length；M is the discrete serial number of grid in the y-direction, and l is the discrete serial number of grid in the z-direction；
When considering the dielectric loss of tunnel wall, using Lie Angtuoweiqi impedance boundary condition
Wherein,For the exterior normal unit vector on lossy dielectric surface, Z is the surface impedance of lossy dielectric,Phase
To permittivity εr, complex dielectric permittivity εrc=εr-iσr, relative conductivity σr=σ0/ωε0, ε0=8.85 × 10-12F/m；
By obtaining the geometric dimension of tunnel cross sectional in the engineering drawing in tunnel, tunnel trend, building are obtained from numerical map
The boundary condition that Parabolic Equation numerical value calculates out, determines simulating area；The far-field pattern of micro-strip yagi aerial is carried out far and near
Field transformation obtains radiation source aperture field, the initial fields as Parabolic Equation Electromagnetic Simulation；
Step 2: according to tunnel radio wave propagation numerical simulation computation model, the distribution of electromagnetic field in tunnel is calculated；
Step 3: the phase of the second micro-strip yagi aerial of adjustment calculates the far-field pattern of antenna again, again according to tunnel electricity
Wave propagates the distribution that numerical simulation computation model calculates electromagnetic field in tunnel；
Step 4: being repeated several times step 3, untilFar field observation area in total electric field minimum value amplitude
It is maximum；Wherein, d is distance, and W and H are respectively the maximum width and height in tunnel, and λ is wavelength.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111027173A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-04-17 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Bending tunnel electromagnetic modeling and simulation method based on improved SSFT algorithm |
| CN112770328A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-05-07 | 中国矿业大学 | Statistical method field division-based wireless equipment coverage optimization method for tunnel environment |
| CN113347704A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-03 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | UWB positioning method, UWB positioning device and system |
| CN114301509A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-08 | 西南交通大学 | Diversity antenna positioning method based on virtual phase conjugate signal adaptive focusing |
| CN116517540A (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-08-01 | 成都维泰数智科技有限公司 | Spout monitoring method, system and device based on phased array technology |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111027173A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-04-17 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Bending tunnel electromagnetic modeling and simulation method based on improved SSFT algorithm |
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| CN113347704A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-03 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | UWB positioning method, UWB positioning device and system |
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| CN114301509A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-08 | 西南交通大学 | Diversity antenna positioning method based on virtual phase conjugate signal adaptive focusing |
| CN114301509B (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-10-18 | 西南交通大学 | Diversity antenna positioning method based on virtual phase conjugate signal self-adaptive focusing |
| CN116517540A (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-08-01 | 成都维泰数智科技有限公司 | Spout monitoring method, system and device based on phased array technology |
| CN116517540B (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-09-19 | 成都维泰数智科技有限公司 | Spout monitoring method, system and device based on phased array technology |
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Application publication date: 20190104 |