CN109149010A - Automatic cooling system for lithium ion battery module thermal runaway of new energy automobile and implementation method thereof - Google Patents

Automatic cooling system for lithium ion battery module thermal runaway of new energy automobile and implementation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109149010A
CN109149010A CN201811065655.1A CN201811065655A CN109149010A CN 109149010 A CN109149010 A CN 109149010A CN 201811065655 A CN201811065655 A CN 201811065655A CN 109149010 A CN109149010 A CN 109149010A
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China
Prior art keywords
temperature
chip microcontroller
energy automobile
starting
cell module
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CN201811065655.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王志荣
杨赟
陈施晨
周钰鑫
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Nanjing Tech University
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Nanjing Tech University
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Priority to CN201811065655.1A priority Critical patent/CN109149010A/en
Publication of CN109149010A publication Critical patent/CN109149010A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613Cooling or keeping cold
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625Vehicles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63Control systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63Control systems
    • H01M10/633Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567Liquids
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567Liquids
    • H01M10/6568Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic cooling system for thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery module of a new energy automobile and an implementation method thereof, relates to a battery cooling system, and particularly relates to an automatic cooling system for thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery module of a new energy automobile. Comprises a liquid circulation cooling part, a temperature monitoring part, a control part and an auxiliary device part; the temperature monitoring part and the liquid circulation cooling part are respectively connected with the control part. The invention has the advantages of automatic control, simple operation, good cooling effect and the like. Can carry out the temperature judgement when lithium cell temperature risees, take tertiary cooling to the lithium ion battery module of new energy automobile, avoid lithium ion battery module because its self temperature constantly risees, lead to the lithium ion battery module to take place thermal runaway, form the domino effect, cause huge casualties and loss of property.

Description

The automatic cooling system of new-energy automobile lithium ionic cell module thermal runaway and in fact Existing method
Technical field
The automatic cooling system of new-energy automobile lithium ionic cell module thermal runaway of the present invention and its implementation are related to Battery cooling system, especially a kind of lithium ionic cell module thermal runaway for new-energy automobile cool automatically System.
Background technique
With new energy industrial expansion, lithium ion battery is widely used in daily electronic equipment, and gradual Scale, integrated is moved towards, and the lithium ionic cell module accident of frequent new-energy automobile still restricts the development of industry. New-energy automobile uses Li-ion batteries piles, in case of fire explosion, caused by harm and loss compare lithium-ion electric Pond monomer seriously much, is mainly due to the propagation of lithium ion battery thermal runaway, can generate Domino effect.
Today's society, lithium ionic cell module due to have transmission voltage is high, energy density is big, have extended cycle life, it is low from The excellent performances such as discharge rate, memory-less effect have been widely used in people's lives, in production.However, lithium ion battery mould Accident caused by block thermal runaway is commonplace, serious to result even in charging pile and self-burning of vehicle.Therefore, the safety of battery Problem has been not only a technical problem, and has been increasingly becoming a social concern urgently to be resolved.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is provide a kind of new-energy automobile lithium ionic cell module thermal runaway in view of the above shortcomings Automatic cooling system and its implementation, the system provide three-level and cool, can be in the lithium ion of new-energy automobile Battery module thermal runaway initial stage is cooled down, and avoids the lithium ionic cell module of new-energy automobile that thermal runaway occurs.
The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve:
The automatic cooling system of new-energy automobile lithium ionic cell module thermal runaway includes liquid circulation cooling part, temperature prison Survey part, control section and auxiliary device part;Temperature monitoring part and liquid circulation cooling part respectively with control unit split-phase Even;
Liquid circulation cooling part includes copper pipe, starting pump and liquid cooling component, and liquid cooling component uses liquid nitrogen container and water pot, starting pump Including the first starting pump and the second starting pump, after being connected between the first starting pump and the second starting pump by tee tube, by liquid Cold part is connected with lithium ionic cell module;
Temperature monitoring part is made of temperature sensor and thermocouple;Control section by single-chip microcontroller, pin interface, single-point switch and Electric wire composition;Auxiliary device part is made of fixed value resistance, crystal oscillator, ceramic condenser, potentiometer and power interface;Pin interface Connect with single-chip microcontroller;Temperature sensor connects with pin interface;Thermocouple connects with pin interface;First starting pump and second opens Dynamic pump connects with pin interface respectively;Ceramic condenser is connected through crystal oscillator with single-chip microcontroller, and the other end and single-point of ceramic condenser switch It is connected.
The pin interface is USB interface, connects for single-chip microcontroller with the external world and provides interface.
The single-chip microcontroller uses MSC-51 type single-chip microcontroller.
It is connected between the liquid cooling component and lithium ionic cell module by copper pipe.
When present system works, the temperature from the positive extreme direction of lithium ionic cell module is measured by infrared temperature sensor Degree, through connecting with single-chip microcontroller pin interface, signal is reached progress temperature judgement in single-chip microcontroller by via line, and wherein thermocouple is used for The temperature from copper pipe surface is measured, through connecting with single-chip microcontroller pin interface, signal is reached and carries out temperature in single-chip microcontroller by via line Degree judgement, also via line is connected starting pump with the single-chip microcontroller for carrying out temperature judgement simultaneously.Pin interface via line and MSC-51 type Single-chip microcontroller connects, and ceramic condenser connects through crystal oscillator with MSC-51 type single-chip microcontroller, and another end is connected with single-point switch.
Specific work process:
1) infrared temperature sensor measures the temperature of the lithium ionic cell module anode from new-energy automobile, through single-chip microcontroller pin Signal is reached progress temperature judgement in single-chip microcontroller by interface, and starting the first starting pump executes cooling water circulation;
2) thermocouple measures the temperature from copper pipe tube wall, through single-chip microcontroller pin interface by the temperature signal reach in single-chip microcontroller into The first starting pump is closed in trip temperature judgement, while starting the second starting pump, is executed liquid nitrogen and is cooled down rapidly.
The present invention has certainly as a kind of automatic cooling system of new-energy automobile lithium ionic cell module thermal runaway Dynamic control, easy to operate and the advantages that the working well that cool.It can carry out temperature when lithium battery temperature increases and sentence It is disconnected, it takes three-level to cool the lithium ionic cell module of new-energy automobile, avoids lithium ionic cell module due to its own The continuous raising of temperature causes lithium battery module that thermal runaway occurs, and forms Domino effect, causes huge casualties and wealth Produce loss.
Detailed description of the invention
Below with reference to attached drawing, the invention will be further described:
Fig. 1 is the structure principle chart of present system;
Fig. 2 is the implementation method flow chart of present system.
In figure: 1, single-chip microcontroller;2, fixed value resistance;3, potentiometer;4, crystal oscillator;5, power interface;6, pin interface;7, temperature Sensor;8, thermocouple;9, battery module (i.e. the battery module namely lithium ionic cell module of new-energy automobile);10, resistance to height Warm electric wire;11, the first starting pump;12, the second starting pump;13 liquid nitrogen containers and water pot;14, tee tube;15, copper pipe.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and specific examples.
Referring to Fig.1, the automatic cooling system of new-energy automobile lithium ionic cell module thermal runaway includes liquid circulation drop Isothermal segment, temperature monitoring part, control section and auxiliary device part;Temperature monitoring part and liquid circulation cooling part are respectively It is connected with control section;
Liquid circulation cooling part includes that copper pipe 15, starting pump and liquid cooling component, liquid cooling component use liquid nitrogen container and water pot 13, open Dynamic pump includes the first starting pump 11 and the second starting pump 12, passes through tee tube 14 between the first starting pump 11 and the second starting pump 12 After being connected, it is connected by liquid cooling component with lithium ionic cell module;
Temperature monitoring part is made of temperature sensor 7 and thermocouple 8;It is opened by single-chip microcontroller 1, pin interface 6, single-point control section It closes and electric wire forms;Auxiliary device part is made of fixed value resistance 2, crystal oscillator 4, ceramic condenser, potentiometer 3 and power interface 5; Pin interface 6 connects with single-chip microcontroller 1;Temperature sensor 7 connects with pin interface 6;Thermocouple 8 connects with pin interface 6;First Starting pump 11 and the second starting pump 12 are connected with pin interface 6 by fire resistant electric wire 10 respectively;Ceramic condenser is through crystal oscillator 4 and list Piece machine 1 is connected, and the other end of ceramic condenser is connected with single-point switch.
The pin interface 6 is USB interface, connects for single-chip microcontroller 1 with the external world and provides interface.
The single-chip microcontroller 1 uses MSC-51 type single-chip microcontroller.
It is connected between the liquid cooling component and lithium ionic cell module 9 by copper pipe 15.
Single-chip microcontroller is the product of computer Yu large scale integrated circuit technology high speed development, is important point of microcomputer One of branch.Single-chip microcontroller product up to 50 series at present, 300 Multiple Types, and the monolithic of the MCS-51 series of Inter company Machine has the advantages such as complete structural system, the register of standardization and instruction system.
The temperature sensor 7 can use commercially available infrared temperature sensor.
What infrared temperature sensor and the external infrared temperature sensor of single-chip microcontroller pin interface provided within the scope of room temperature Algnment accuracy is ± 0.5 DEG C, the anode of infrared temperature sensor face measurand lithium ionic cell module, and distance is 1cm- 2cm, it is characterised in that the algnment accuracy that the thermocouple thermocouple external with single-chip microcontroller pin interface provides within the scope of room temperature is ± 1 DEG C, thermocouple face copper pipe top, distance is 3cm-5cm.
The temperature judgement, includes the following steps:
1) infrared temperature sensor measures the temperature of the positive extreme direction of lithium ionic cell module of new-energy automobile, and temperature signal is passed Pass MSC-51 type single-chip microcontroller;
2) temperature signal that MSC-51 type single-chip microcontroller is obtained according to step 1), compared with preset value, if temperature signal value is lower than Preset value, temperature is normal, then does not send instruction;If temperature signal value is more than 50 DEG C of set definite value, instruction, starting first are issued Starting pump, carries out water circulation in copper pipe;
3) tube wall temperature signal is passed to MSC-51 type single-chip microcontroller, tube wall temperature by the temperature that copper pipe tube wall is measured by thermocouple When greater than 65 DEG C, MSC-51 type single-chip microcontroller closes the first starting pump, and starting the second starting pump is filled with liquid nitrogen, to new in copper pipe The lithium ionic cell module of energy automobile is rapidly cooled.
In step 2, when external infrared temperature sensor feedback temperature is greater than 50 DEG C, then the first starting of starting immediately is pumped, into Row cooling water circulation, absorbs the heat of the lithium ionic cell module of new-energy automobile, so that the temperature of battery is reduced, when external heat The temperature of galvanic couple is greater than 65 DEG C, closes the first starting pump, while starting the second starting pump, is filled with liquid nitrogen in copper pipe at this time, when When the temperature of temperature sensor is lower than 50 DEG C, temperature determining program stops the instruction to cyclic part, then carries out to temperature new The monitoring and judgement of one wheel.
The system judged by temperature, carries out real-time monitoring to the temperature of the lithium ionic cell module of new-energy automobile, one The temperature of the lithium ionic cell module of denier new-energy automobile increases, and will cool automatically to battery, can avoid new-energy automobile Lithium ionic cell module cause thermal runaway since temperature raises, reduce fire or explosion that lithium ion battery thermal runaway causes Accident probability.
Embodiment 1
Referring to attached drawing 2, in use, it is now assumed that the lithium ionic cell module of new-energy automobile carries out exoelectrical reaction, when its generation is different Often, temperature anomaly increase, cooling down method the following steps are included:
(1) the lithium ionic cell module temperature of new-energy automobile increases during the charging process, surrounds on lithium ionic cell module Copper pipe, since the heating conduction of copper pipe is relatively good, water in copper pipe absorbs the temperature from battery;
(2) with the lasting raising of lithium ionic cell module temperature, temperature sensor monitors that the temperature of anode reaches 50 DEG C, single-chip microcontroller compares signal by the program set in internal wiring and single-chip microcontroller, then is sent and instructed by single-chip microcontroller 1 starting of single-chip microcontroller control pump, the water circulation in pipeline is got up, water temperature in the duct is promoted to reduce, constantly absorb lithium from The heat of sub- battery module promotes the temperature of lithium ionic cell module can reduce;
(3) with the further raising of the temperature of the lithium ionic cell module of new-energy automobile, it is mounted on copper pipe tube wall at this time Thermocouple can monitor the temperature of copper pipe tube wall, if the temperature for measuring copper pipe tube wall at this time is less than or equal to 65 DEG C, in copper pipe Water absorb the heat of battery surface, can reduce the temperature of battery.If the temperature for measuring copper pipe tube wall is greater than 65 DEG C, by The temperature of battery surface can not be further absorbed in the water in the specific heat capacity characteristic of water, copper pipe, reduces the temperature of battery;
(4) single-chip microcontroller compares signal by the program set in internal wiring and single-chip microcontroller, and the temperature of thermocouple is greater than At 65 DEG C, pump 2 is sent instructions to by single-chip microcontroller, the water in pipeline is extracted out, and be filled with liquid nitrogen immediately and cool down;
In embodiments of the present invention, temperature sensor selects WRF2-101 type, has high sensitivity to temperature;Single-chip microcontroller uses MSC-51 type single-chip microcontroller, the programming language used are C languages, and program code is simply write well;First starting pump and the second starting Pump is all made of DLSB-30 type, is primarily adapted for use in the occasion of low temperature, midget plant, and thermocouple selects TJ36-CAXL-116U-2 Type, short with the response time, measurement temperature range is wide, and long service life under hot environment can arbitrarily be bent not easily broken spy Point.The model of fire resistant electric wire is GN500, and the temperature that can be born reaches 800 DEG C, and the above component can be purchased on the market It buys.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of automatic cooling system of new-energy automobile lithium ionic cell module thermal runaway, it is characterised in that: including liquid Circulation temperature lowering part, temperature monitoring part, control section and auxiliary device part;Temperature monitoring part and liquid circulation cooling portion Divide and is connected respectively with control section;
Liquid circulation cooling part includes copper pipe, starting pump and liquid cooling component, and liquid cooling component uses liquid nitrogen container and water pot, starting pump Including the first starting pump and the second starting pump, after being connected between the first starting pump and the second starting pump by tee tube, by liquid Cold part is connected with lithium ionic cell module;
Temperature monitoring part is made of temperature sensor and thermocouple;Control section by single-chip microcontroller, pin interface, single-point switch and Electric wire composition;Auxiliary device part is made of fixed value resistance, crystal oscillator, ceramic condenser, potentiometer and power interface;Pin interface Connect with single-chip microcontroller;Temperature sensor connects with pin interface;Thermocouple connects with pin interface;First starting pump and second opens Dynamic pump connects with pin interface respectively;Ceramic condenser is connected through crystal oscillator with single-chip microcontroller, and the other end and single-point of ceramic condenser switch It is connected.
2. the automatic cooling system of new-energy automobile lithium ionic cell module thermal runaway according to claim 1, special Sign is: the pin interface is USB interface, connects for single-chip microcontroller with the external world and provides interface.
3. the automatic cooling system of new-energy automobile lithium ionic cell module thermal runaway according to claim 1, special Sign is: the single-chip microcontroller uses MSC-51 type single-chip microcontroller.
4. the automatic cooling system of new-energy automobile lithium ionic cell module thermal runaway according to claim 1, special Sign is: being connected between the liquid cooling component and lithium ionic cell module by copper pipe.
5. the realization side of the automatic cooling system of new-energy automobile lithium ionic cell module thermal runaway described in claim 1 Method, which comprises the steps of:
1) after infrared temperature sensor receives the temperature information of lithium ionic cell module anode of new-energy automobile, through single-chip microcontroller Signal is reached progress temperature judgement in single-chip microcontroller by pin interface, and starting the first starting pump executes cooling water circulation;
2) after thermocouple receives the temperature information of copper pipe tube wall, signal is reached in single-chip microcontroller through single-chip microcontroller pin interface and is carried out The first starting pump is closed in temperature judgement, while starting the second starting pump, is executed liquid nitrogen and is cooled down rapidly.
6. the realization of the automatic cooling system of new-energy automobile lithium ionic cell module thermal runaway according to claim 5 Method, which is characterized in that the temperature judgement includes the following steps:
1) infrared temperature sensor measures the temperature of the positive extreme direction of lithium ionic cell module of new-energy automobile, and temperature signal is passed Pass single-chip microcontroller;
2) temperature signal that single-chip microcontroller is obtained according to step 1), compared with preset value, if temperature signal value is lower than preset value, temperature Degree is normal, then does not send instruction;If temperature signal value is more than 50 DEG C of set definite value, instruction is issued, the first starting of starting pumps, Water circulation is carried out in copper pipe;
3) tube wall temperature signal is passed to single-chip microcontroller by the temperature that copper pipe tube wall is measured by thermocouple, and tube wall temperature is greater than 65 DEG C When, single-chip microcontroller closes the first starting pump, and starting the second starting pump is filled with liquid nitrogen, to the lithium ion of new-energy automobile in copper pipe Battery module is rapidly cooled.
7. the realization of the automatic cooling system of new-energy automobile lithium ionic cell module thermal runaway according to claim 6 Method, which is characterized in that in step 2, when external infrared temperature sensor feedback temperature is greater than 50 DEG C, then start first immediately Starting pump, carries out cooling water circulation, the heat of the lithium ionic cell module of new-energy automobile is absorbed, to reduce the temperature of battery Degree, when the temperature of external thermocouple is greater than 65 DEG C, the first starting of closing is pumped, while starting the second starting and pumping, at this time in copper pipe It is filled with liquid nitrogen, when the temperature of temperature sensor is lower than 50 DEG C, temperature determining program stops the instruction to cyclic part, then right The monitoring and judgement of a temperature progress new round.
CN201811065655.1A 2018-09-13 2018-09-13 Automatic cooling system for lithium ion battery module thermal runaway of new energy automobile and implementation method thereof Pending CN109149010A (en)

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CN110137625A (en) * 2019-06-19 2019-08-16 常州工程职业技术学院 A kind of new energy power vehicle battery pack cooling device
CN111430840A (en) * 2020-03-31 2020-07-17 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 Control method and control system for delaying thermal diffusion of power battery pack
CN113759266A (en) * 2021-08-25 2021-12-07 电子科技大学长三角研究院(湖州) Method for predicting health state of lithium ion battery through artificial intelligence
CN113814026A (en) * 2021-11-24 2021-12-21 徐州巴特工程机械股份有限公司 Intelligent temperature control type hydraulic breaking hammer
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CN110137625A (en) * 2019-06-19 2019-08-16 常州工程职业技术学院 A kind of new energy power vehicle battery pack cooling device
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CN111430840A (en) * 2020-03-31 2020-07-17 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 Control method and control system for delaying thermal diffusion of power battery pack
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