CN109145612A - The cloud data sharing method of anti-data tampering, user's collusion is realized based on block chain - Google Patents
The cloud data sharing method of anti-data tampering, user's collusion is realized based on block chain Download PDFInfo
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- CN109145612A CN109145612A CN201810733972.XA CN201810733972A CN109145612A CN 109145612 A CN109145612 A CN 109145612A CN 201810733972 A CN201810733972 A CN 201810733972A CN 109145612 A CN109145612 A CN 109145612A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/60—Protecting data
- G06F21/602—Providing cryptographic facilities or services
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/60—Protecting data
- G06F21/604—Tools and structures for managing or administering access control systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/02—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
Abstract
Recently as cloud using more and more extensive, both at home and abroad constantly occur about the problem of cloud shared data privacy leakage, privacy leakage problem becomes hot spot concerned by people in cloud data sharing, and relevant solution also constantly proposes.It is mostly formed with single sharer or specific user in currently existing scheme.However, sharing in scene in real data, the data shared are usually to be provided by the long numeric data owner; this brings a series of new problems to the privacy of protection data; if shared data is maliciously tampered, conspired between malicious user and user and cloud service provider between conspire.The invention proposes a kind of cloud data sharing methods that anti-data tampering, user's collusion are realized based on block chain.This method realizes that data are not distorted when shared by malicious user by using the method for disclosing book keeping operation and intelligent contract in block chain, (p is used simultaneously, t) thresholding Paillier cryptographic system realizes the confidentiality of shared data, avoids and conspires between malicious user come the problem of stealing shared data.
Description
Technical field
The anti-tamper cloud data sharing method with user's collusion resistant of data is realized based on block chain the present invention relates to a kind of, is belonged to
In cloud data sharing, data-privacy, block chain field.
Background technique
With network technology and the fast development of cloud computing, enterprise or personal data amount are increased rapidly.It is deposited in order to convenient
Storage and shared data, more and more enterprises or the personal data for being possessed oneself, which are stored and shared, is transferred to cloud space
In, compared with traditional information sharing and the communication technology, cloud computing has the characteristics that low energy consumption and resource high-efficiency are shared.However,
This brings huge challenge to information securities such as loss of data and privacy compromises.Moreover, user will when data are stored in the cloud
It is unable to control its personal data completely, this becomes emphasis to the confidentiality and privacy for ensuring shared data and considers the problems of.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, existing solution be in Data share model using center authority (CA,
Central authority) or Third Party Authentication mechanism (TPA, Third-party authentication) be responsible for management
The certification work of data and code key, or dedicated root certificate key is protected in certification authority.However still have in the above solution
Shortcoming, center authority and third party be it is incredible, be easy to appear collusion either the centralization of state power the problems such as.And certain
CA and TPA are not needed in scene.A kind of such as scientific research learns in shared scene, and the user with set of metadata of similar data can be according to them
Demand carry out data trade, or significant result is obtained by shared calculate.It is not need to establish a letter between them
Appoint center authority CA to be responsible for managing the shared data of oneself, does not need special certification authority TPA also to be responsible for.If
It will lead to systematic processing steps complexity in this way, be easy to cause shared data to be tampered, and between malicious user
The problems such as conspiracy.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is: under cloud data sharing service, prevent data be maliciously tampered and malicious user collusion
Shared data is stolen, proposes a kind of safe cloud sharing method.
In order to achieve the above object, realize that anti-data are usurped based on block chain the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a kind of
Change, the cloud data sharing method of user's collusion, which comprises the following steps:
System parameter (g, P, H, H is calculated by initialization in step 10, H1, H2, U, V, W, h1, h2, f, Encκ()),
In formula, g is randomly selected generator, g ∈ G1, G1For cyclic group；P=γ g, γ are random integers, It is non-
Zero set of integers；H,H0To belong to cyclic group G1Two elements；H1=ξ1·H0, H2=ξ2·H0, ξ1、ξ2It is randomly selected
Integer, For the prime number collection of non-zero；W=γ * P；h1、h2It is breathed out for two
Uncommon function；F is random integers,Encκ() is Encryption Algorithm；
Step 2, using (p, t) thresholding Paillier cipher system, private key sk separates and is distributed to p user, p >=
2, in distribution procedure, according to data sharing devotion rate number carry out recommend a group leader data owner DOL, user's code key
Distribution be responsible for by group leader data owner DOL, DOL and CA and TPA herein is different, the permission of DOL do not have CA and
TPA high.And DOL is only the effect of Private key distribution and verifying in the method, maximum permission (Member Authentication, data quilt
Distort) it is to have oneself to be responsible for by each member.Code key is sent to accordingly by group leader data owner DOL by the channel of safety
User；
Step 3 generates file using the method for homomorphic cryptography, then uploads file；
Step 4, after user authentication passes through, user carry out shared data access operation, when user need more new data block
When, user must carry out signature operation to data block, if user i is to data block m after data block updateiAfter being updated,
Data block miIn carried out signature operation, sign by IDi, mi,σi, SiFour parts composition, wherein IDiFor data block miId, mi
For data block mi、σiFor signature, SiFor the identity of signer；
In carrying out data sharing process, if data are distorted by a certain user's malice, results in other users and collected
Experience card, if showing that active user is the condition for the honest user being unsatisfactory in shared, data institute not over verifying formula
The destruction operation of the person of having group leader DOL execution active user；
Step 5, user group detect, and each user in user group is a member, comprising the following steps:
Step 501, each member submit to group leader data owner DOLWith a signature δi, AiFor at
The unique identification of member i, verifies Ai=Wi*ttmpIt is whether true, for member i, if not, 502 are then entered step, if so,
Then enter step 503；
Step 502, member i send an error reporting to group leader data owner DOL, and error reporting is (N, IDi,
γi,mi-1), in formula: N=h2(IDi| | t | 0≤t≤n-1), t is error reporting effective time threshold value； rjFor selected by member i
Random integers；mt-1The data block updated for the expression t-1 moment；, group leader data owner DOL is according to error reporting inspection Ai
=Wi*ttmpIt is whether true, if so, then (indicate that the member is not malicious user)；If not, then indicate that member i is sent to
The message of other members is different from the message that member i submits to group leader data owner DOL, and member i must be whithin a period of time
Error reporting is retransmitted, if member i retransmits error reporting in threshold value t, group leader data owner DOL is according to mistake
A is reexamined in reporti=Wi*ttmpIt is whether true, if member i is no in threshold value t to retransmit error reporting, show member i
For insincere node, the removing members i from member, group leader data owner DOL execute the destruction operation of member i；
Step 503, member i are honest member, continue to execute the judgement operation of next member；
Step 6, open book keeping operation are broadcasted, operation note of the other users to the broadcasting user after user data access
It is verified and is recorded, in entire shared procedure, after having multiple users to find mistake, errors validity operation is initiated in application,
And minimum t member participates in verifying.All data are stored in a manner of data block in this method:
It is believable and is not affected by and distorts to ensure to record content, data hash value is stored in project block structure, data
Block is made of multiple entry blocks, calculates hashed value to obtain the Merkle root of data block.Merkle root is submitted to block chain, with
Just data will not be tampered, the cryptographic Hash and head information of each entry block stored items；
Each data include five kinds of information: i-th of data block mi, signature sigmai, data block miIdIDi, the identity of signer
SiAnd hashed value, user record request and using public key be used as identity, by represent node whether receive broadcast request realize save
The update operation of point information；
Step 7, code key update:
Group leader data owner DOL periodically carry out user's code key update operation, meanwhile, at certain time intervals in, mould
After occurring multiple malice altered data problem in type, group leader data owner DOL initiates user's code key and updates operation.
The present invention has the advantage that
1) present invention can solve the problem of cloud shared data is tampered.By using block chain technology, user is each
Access can be all recorded in block chain, and the public key information of identity-based is all had recorded in each access, once data quilt
It distorts, other users can efficiently trace back to the malicious user.Moreover, can exchange in this scenario, between user shared
Data, and Transaction Information is encrypted between a plurality of users, to ensure its safety and reliability.
2) present invention can solve the problem of user conspires in cloud shared environment.It is close using (p, t) thresholding Paillier
Code system protects the multiparty data privacy in block chain.In the present invention, (p, t) thresholding Paillier cipher system is applied
In block chain.Private key sk is separated (sk1, sk2..., skp) and be assigned to p participant.If a side wants decryption ciphertext
C then needs to polymerize at least (t-1) a private key of its other party.This is difficult to realize in practice.
3) mutual equality, equality execute update and the attended operation of data, not only solve between honest user in the present invention
Traditional center authority CA, Third Party Authentication mechanism TPA etc. safeguard data, but participate in keeping accounts by user, safeguarding altogether
Enjoy the safety of data.Meanwhile solving the problems, such as the insincere of Cloud Server, and calculation amount is decomposed, meet practical
Scene needs.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is this method model schematic；
Fig. 2 is this method data block signature format structure figure；
Fig. 3 is user's testing process schematic diagram；
The storage format of Fig. 4 Merkle tree；
Fig. 5 item data structure.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the present invention more obvious and understandable, hereby with preferred embodiment, and attached drawing is cooperated to be described in detail below.
As shown in Figure 1, the model of this method is by data owner (data owner), cloud service provider (CSP), user
(user) three roles' compositions such as.(1) then data owner uploads in Cloud Server and is total to first to data encryption
It enjoys, wherein data owner is formed by specially sharing with part-time shared (user) two roles.User i.e. in the scene can also
Share oneself all data.In data owner, according to data sharing devotion rate number carry out recommend one
Group leader data owner (Data Owner Leader, hereinafter referred to as DOL), a few thing for carrying out data manipulation are responsible for,
DOL is the role of honest data sharer and responsible person in the solution of the present invention.(2) cloud service provider is responsible for data and is possessed
The data of person store, and cloud service provider is storing data honest and curious, that it can be honest, but also can be continuous
Detect stored data content.(3) user is the data requirements person in scheme, after user passes through authentication, just constantly
Data in access or update cloud.User may be data owner in the model simultaneously, can update uploaded number
According to the data of accessible other users.
It is provided by the invention it is a kind of anti-data tampering is realized based on block chain, the cloud data sharing method of user's collusion can be with
It is divided into eight parts: initialization, key generation, user's detection, file generated and upload, file-sharing, user accounting, user's revocation
And code key updates.
Step 1: initialization, initialization section mainly include parameter initialization, and the part such as user's registration forms, including following
Step:
Step 101: selection two elements H, H0, and H, H0 ∈ G1, G1For cyclic group, and randomly choose two prime numbers For non-zero prime number collection.The step is responsible for by DOL.DOL is that data owner recommends to select, and DOL has user
The revocation permission of registration and user's code key, the common owner of other permissions and data is identical, sees formula (1) in detail:
Step 102: one generator g ∈ G of random selection1With a random integers For nonzero integer collection, so
P=γ g, W=γ P is calculated afterwardsq.In addition DOL selects two hash function h1、h2, its random length is respectively mapped to
G1Non-zero section and non-zero points
Step 103: another integer f is selected, and
After the calculating of step 101 to step 103, system parameter (g, P, H, H can be obtained0, H1, H2, U, V, W,
h1, h2, f, Encκ()), wherein Encκ() is system encryption algorithm, is mainly used for the effect of data encryption.
Step 2: code key generation phase, using (p, t) thresholding Paillier cipher system, in which: private key sk separation (indicates
Are as follows: sk1, sk2..., skp) and be distributed to a user of p (p >=2)；T is to need to decrypt ciphertext number threshold value, i.e., only t
More than people either t people it can just decrypt ciphertext.In actual scene, data are by safeguarding in many ways, therefore, if a side thinks
Entire ciphertext C is decrypted, then at least needs to polymerize (t-1) a private key of other even-odd checks.This is in practical situations to be difficult
Realize collusion.Step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 201: code key generates (sk, pk), and pk is public-key cryptography.DOL distributes secret value to group user as follows:
Step 2011: creation user's polynomial f (x) generates private key, as shown in formula (2):
In formula (2),For secret, i.e., complete private key；AiFor all marks for representing i user；skiTo indicate i user
Private key, wherein the value range of i is between [1, p].Finally, each user has secret value, i.e. shared secret key.When him
Need for confidentiality when, administrator rebuilds key, and very safe channel is sent to corresponding user.
Step 2012: generating public-key cryptography pk
The generation of public-key cryptography pk is realized using existing method.Then, data owner by ciphertext C and is based on
The public-key cryptography pk of identity is sent collectively to cloud data center.
Step 3: file generated and upload
The operation of file generated and upload mainly between data owner and Cloud Server, data owner is first to general
File to be sharing is encrypted, and encrypted file is then uploaded to cloud data center, comprising the following steps:
Step 301: file generated operation
Piecemeal and cryptographic operation mainly are carried out to the file of upload, the method used is homomorphic cryptography.Homomorphic cryptography permits
Family allowable directly executes the algebraic operation specific to ciphertext, obtains as a result, and executing to identical plaintext encrypted result identical
Operation.Public-key cryptography pk and private key sk are generated by security parameter α.Public-key cryptography pk is used for encrypting plaintext, and private key sk is for decrypting
Ciphertext.Assuming that plaintext m ∈ Zn, n are a big positive integer, ZnIt is the set of integer mould n, by the encryption of plaintext m in the present invention
It is expressed as Epk(m).Homomorphic cryptography has attribute:
In formula (3) and formula (4), m1And m2It is the plaintext for needing to encrypt；And a is constant.
Step 302 file uploads
Be located between user and cloud and upload file f, hashing operation is carried out to file f, so that H:{ 0,1 * → { 0,1 }l, l
It is expressed as the length of Hash.After i.e. user carries out hashing operation to file f, a Hash keys K is generatedf=H (f), uses KfInto
Row uniquely tagged file f.
Step 303: Encryption Algorithm employed in encryption this method is described in step 301, with formula f*=EpkGeneration
List file f has been encrypted.Due to mentioning K in step 302f, it is stored in local.ThereforeIt will be stored in the cloud.
Step 304: after through the above steps, user is by f*AndIt is sent to cloud data center.
Step 4: file-sharing, after user authentication passes through, user carries out shared data access operation, including following step
It is rapid:
Step 401: user is carrying out after authentication passes through, can access cloud it is shared in data；
Step 402: when user needs more new data block, user must be signed data block after data block update
Name operation, the format that user signs to data block are as shown in Figure 2.By taking user i as an example, in user i to data block miIt is updated
Afterwards, in data block miIn carried out signature operation, sign by IDi, mi,σi, SiFour parts form, wherein IDiRepresent data block mi
Id, miRepresent data block mi、σiBy procuration, SiThe identity of by procuration person.Signing structure figure is as shown in Figure 2.
In carrying out data sharing process, is distorted if there is data by a certain user's malice, then result in other users
It read the data being destroyed, other users carry out collective's verifying, then show that the user is the honest use being unsatisfactory in shared
The condition at family, then execute delete operation.
It is as follows that user collective verifies formula:
Formula (5), f (x) are that t user combines the ciphertext being decrypted.
When executing delete operation, DOL carries out destroying the code key of the user and the access authority of data.Meanwhile other users
The record that also will record dishonest user in the account book of oneself, when next time, the user carried out data access request again, system
The operation of refusal request can be executed.
Step 5: user's detection, in the user group being made of obstructed user, cannot ensure that each user is can
Letter, there are the possibility that the user of malice damages shared data.This will lead to the number that other users in user group have accessed mistake
According to.Therefore, user's detection is needed to be implemented in sharing, and revocation sharing operation is executed to malicious user, is included the following steps
Step 501: user's detection
Firstly, DOL is that all members are broadcasted { N, IDdol, Ai| 0≤i≤v-1 }, in formula, N=h2(IDi||t|0≤
I≤n-1), IDdolFor the identity of DOL, AiFor the unique identification of a member.Then each member is required to send one
Verifying report.Each user submits A to DOLi=γ2*g*ttmpWith a signature δi, f is a non-zero integer,When
After being verified, A is verifiedi=Wi*ttmp(6) whether equal.
Step 502: error detection
If verification expression (6) is unequal, DOL needs active user i to send error reporting (N, an IDj,γi,mt-1)。
Error reporting includes the key of user i and the message that he receives from prospective users.Then, DOL check again for formula (6) whether at
It is vertical.If invalid, then it represents that the message that user i is sent to other users is different from the message that user i submits to DOL.Therefore,
User i must retransmit error reporting whithin a period of time.If set up, showing that i user is not is malicious user.
In the case where formula (6) is invalid, if user i is reported in threshold value t without retransmitting, show the user i
For can not credit household, then should delete user i from user group, DOL executes the destruction operation of user i.If user i is in threshold value t
Report has inside been retransmitted, then whether true has rejudged formula (6).
If verification expression (6) is equal, active user i is honest user, and DOL detects remaining user in user group,
The form and content of detection are as the form that user i is detected.If having the use similar to user i during detection
Family then carries out delete processing to the user.It is illustrated in figure 3 the flow chart of entire user's detection.
Step 6: open book keeping operation is broadcasted, operation note of the other users to the broadcasting user after user data access
It is verified and is recorded, comprising the following steps:
Step 601: data block storage, in the present invention, all data are stored in a manner of data block.To ensure to remember
Record content is believable and is not affected by and distorts, and data hash value will be stored in the project structure of our buildings.By projects
Hashed value is put into project block structure, can effectively reduce search space, accelerates user to the inspection speed of record.
Data block is made of multiple entry blocks, calculates hashed value to obtain the Merkle root of data block.Merkle root is mentioned
It is sent to block chain, so that data will not be tampered.The cryptographic Hash and head information of each entry block stored items.Each data packet
Containing five kinds of information: mi、σi、IDi、SiAnd hashed value.The storage organization and item data structure of Merkle tree are respectively such as Fig. 4 and Fig. 5
It is shown.
Step 602 intelligence contract
Intelligent contract is used to data information block chain is written.The specification of intelligent contract program is as follows:
Step 6021: user initiates record request, and using public key as oneself authentication.
Step 6022: representing node and receive request, and broadcast accepted request.If do not received, or else responded
Operation.
Step 6023: user submits record, represents node according to the public key of user and record is added to project.
Step 6024: representing node broadcasts project verification information, represent node verification record, other node updates data.
Step 6025: inspecting periodically the quantity of entry block, and the Merkle root of calculation block.By all newly-generated data blocks
Merkle root be anchored to block chain.
Step 6026: returning to step 6021, carry out performing the next step contract operation.
Step 7: code key updates, and in order to ensure the safety of shared data, DOL can periodically carry out the update behaviour of user's code key
Make.Meanwhile at certain time intervals in, after occurring multiple malice altered data problem in model, in order to ensure the peace of data
Entirely, DOL initiates the update operation of user's code key.
Claims (1)
1. it is a kind of based on block chain realize anti-data tampering, user collusion cloud data sharing method, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step:
System parameter is calculated by initialization in step 1In formula,
G is randomly selected generator, g ∈ G1, G1For cyclic group；P=γ g, γ are random integers,It is whole for non-zero
Manifold: H, H0To belong to cyclic group G1Two elements；H1=ξ1·H0, H2=ξ2·H0, ξ1、ξ2For randomly selected integer,For non-zero prime number collection；W=γ * P；h1、h2For two hash functions；
F is random integers, For Encryption Algorithm；
Step 2, using (p, t) thresholding Paillier cipher system, private key sk separates and is distributed to p user, >=2 p,
In distribution procedure, according to data sharing devotion rate number carry out recommend a group leader data owner DOL, user's code key point
Hair is responsible for by group leader data owner DOL, and group leader data owner DOL only has the function of Private key distribution and verifying；
Code key is sent to corresponding user by the channel of safety by group leader data owner DOL；
Step 3 generates file using the method for homomorphic cryptography, then uploads to file in Cloud Server；
Step 4, after user authentication passes through, user carry out shared data access operation, when user need more new data block when, use
Family must carry out signature operation to data block, if user i is to data block m after data block updateiAfter being updated, in data
Block miIn carried out signature operation, sign by IDi, mi, σi, SiFour parts composition, wherein IDiFor data block miId, miFor number
According to block mi、σiFor signature, SiFor the identity of signer；
In carrying out data sharing process, if data are distorted by a certain user's malice, results in other users and carry out collection experience
Card, if showing that active user is the condition for the honest user being unsatisfactory in shared, data owner not over verifying formula
The destruction operation of group leader DOL execution active user；
Step 5, user group detect, and each user in user group is a member, comprising the following steps:
Step 501, each member submit A to group leader data owner DOLi=γ2*g*ttmpWith a signature δi, AiFor member
The unique identification of i verifies Ai=Wi*ttmpIt is whether true, for member i, if not, 502 are then entered step, if so, then
Enter step 503；
Step 502, member i send an error reporting to group leader data owner DOL, and error reporting is (N, IDj, γi,
mt-1), in formula: N=h2(IDi| | t | 0≤i≤n-1), t is error reporting effective time threshold value；γiTo indicate selected by member i
Random number；mt-1The data block updated for the expression t-1 moment), group leader data owner DOL checks A according to error reportingi=
Wi*ttmpIt is whether true, if so, then indicate that the member is not malicious user；If not, then indicate that member i is sent to other
The message of member is different from the message that member i submits to group leader data owner DOL, and member i must whithin a period of time again
Error reporting is sent, if member i retransmits error reporting in threshold value t, group leader data owner DOL is according to error reporting
Reexamine Ai=Wi*ttmpIt is whether true, if member i is no in threshold value t to retransmit error reporting, show that member i is not
Trusted node, the removing members i from member, group leader data owner DOL execute the destruction operation of member j；
Step 503, member i are honest member, continue to execute the judgement operation of next member；
Step 6, open book keeping operation are broadcasted after user data access, and other users carry out the operation note of the broadcasting user
It verifies and records, in entire shared procedure, after having multiple users to find mistake, errors validity operation is initiated in application, and most
Few t member participates in verifying, and all data are stored in a manner of data block:
Be believable and be not affected by and distort to ensure to record content, data hash value is stored in project block structure, data block by
Multiple entry block compositions calculate hashed value to obtain the Merkle root of data block.Merkle root is submitted to block chain, to count
According to will not be tampered, the cryptographic Hash and head information of each entry block stored items；
Each data include five kinds of information: i-th of data block mi, signature sigmai, data block miId, the identity S of signeriAnd hash
Whether value, user record request and using public key as identity receive broadcast request by representing node and realize nodal information
Update operation；
Step 7, code key update:
Group leader data owner DOL periodically carry out user's code key update operation, meanwhile, at certain time intervals in, in model
After there is multiple malice altered data problem, group leader data owner DOL initiates user's code key and updates operation.
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| CN109922077A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-06-21 | 北京思源互联科技有限公司 | A kind of identity identifying method and its system based on block chain |
| CN110059088A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-07-26 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Data attribute identification method, device and equipment in a kind of piece of chain type account book |
| CN110098919A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-08-06 | 西安电子科技大学 | The acquisition methods of data permission based on block chain |
| CN110516469A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-29 | 苏州白杨软件有限公司 | A kind of anti-hacking methods in shared big data application scenarios based on block chain |
| CN111259433A (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2020-06-09 | 重庆第二师范学院 | Block chain privacy protection system |
| CN111368003A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-07-03 | 安徽中科智链信息科技有限公司 | Management method of multi-chain anchoring data |
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