CN109145405A - A kind of steel construction fiber model damage evaluation method - Google Patents

A kind of steel construction fiber model damage evaluation method Download PDF

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CN109145405A
CN109145405A CN201810861145.9A CN201810861145A CN109145405A CN 109145405 A CN109145405 A CN 109145405A CN 201810861145 A CN201810861145 A CN 201810861145A CN 109145405 A CN109145405 A CN 109145405A
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plastic
rotational angle
damage
deformation
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CN109145405B (en
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蒋瓅
瞿革
倪建公
李庆武
肖炳辉
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China Shipbuilding NDRI Engineering Co Ltd
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Abstract

A kind of steel construction fiber model damage evaluation method of disclosure of the invention, its main feature is that by the elastic-plastic analysis of steel construction fiber model common finite element, obtain edge fibers plastic strain cloud atlas, component damage and destruction situation in intuitive reflection overall structure power response procedure, realize the control that the deformation of member limit and material deformation limit destroy component failure, and according to component by curved damage, and the drawing of component, pressure degree of impairment except the plastic deformation of plastic rotational angle section part and are judged according to component, integrally-built safety is judged and evaluated.The present invention has analytic process simple compared with prior art, work efficiency is high, advantageous foundation and reference especially are provided to the damage of important component and destruction, failure damage of the component in power response procedure is made not only to have met the FEMA deformation of member limit but also meet the material strain limit.

Description

A kind of steel construction fiber model damage evaluation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to structural safety design field, specifically a kind of steel construction based on FEMA standard Fiber model damage evaluation method.
Background technique
When Structural Design, often need to judge by dynamic elasto-plastic analysis that overall structure is made in earthquake, accidental load Safety under, and often to consider the failure damage of component.Currently, the common finite element model of elastic-plastic analysis has plasticity Model and fiber model are cut with scissors, wherein plastic hinge model is a kind of relatively macroscopical model, provides component with power-deformation relationship Performance state is usually used in the softwares such as Sap2000, Midas/Gen；Fiber model is a kind of relatively microcosmic model, it is by section Several fibers are divided into, and describe the performance state of component by simple stress-strain stress relation of material, are usually used in The softwares such as ABAQUS, ANSYS/LS-DYNA, MSC.MARC, Perform-3D.
With the continuous promotion that the continuous improvement of computer level and computational accuracy require, the power bullet based on fiber model The application of plastic analysis in practical projects gradually increases.For evaluation criterion, China's specification is broken to the failure of component at present Badly without clearly stipulate that but being divided into no damage (intact), slight damage, slight damage according to the degree of impairment of component is qualitative Bad, moderate is damaged, than more serious destruction and serious six grades of destruction.For the performance standard of preferably evaluation engineering structure, existing rank Duan Yingyong is wide and degree of recognition is higher be FEMA specification in component performance evaluation index, see the table below 1:
The mapping table of table 1 steel plastic strain and each evaluation criterion
Height rule damaged condition Without damage Slight damage Slight damage Moderate damage It is more badly damaged
FEMA specification <B B~IO IO~LS LS~CP >CP
Common 1 ε of plastic strain indexp/εy 0 0~1 1~3 3~6 >6
Common 2 ε of plastic strain indexp/εy 0 0~2 2~4 4~6 >6
The plastic stage of component is divided into strain hardening area by the relationship of above-mentioned standard Component- Based Development internal force and macroscopic deformation Section (BC sections) and strength loss section (CDE sections), and (it is no more than C point) for component in the plasticity slewing area that design allows Energy index is divided into accordingly can use (IO), life security (LS), close (CP) three phases that collapse immediately, and give not Isomorphic product corresponds to the plastic rotational angle and deformation extreme value of each performance standard.
The evaluation index of the prior art is based on macroscopical component, for by the evaluation index of macroscopic view and microcosmic fiber beam element Modal analysis results combine, and most of Practical Project is carrying out the modeling of power bullet based on ABAQUS, Perform-3D, sausage Property analysis when, use for reference FEMA specification using the ratio of steel plastic strain ε p and yield strain ε y as differentiation component damage degree Index, and the ultimate plastic strains of steel is set as 2.5%.Currently, the component damage level index based on strain is not also united One, meanwhile, it is not enough to embody the failure mode of component by the control of material deformation limit, structure is evaluated by the plastic strain of steel There are still bigger differences for evaluation criterion in damaged condition and the FEMA specification of part.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is in view of the deficiencies of the prior art and design a kind of steel construction fiber model Damage Evaluation side Method using the corresponding relationship of microcosmic material strain and FEMA macroscopic view component performance index, and passes through the elastoplasticity of finite element point Analysis, the intuitive component damage reflected in overall structure power response procedure and destruction situation, realize the deformation of member limit and material The control that deformation limit destroys component failure met failure damage of the component in power response procedure in numerical simulation both The FEMA deformation of member limit meets the material strain limit again, while the damaged condition of remaining structure component both can be according to FEMA standard Component performance evaluation index evaluated, and can be corresponding with the evaluation index of conventional elastic-plastic analysis.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of steel construction fiber model damage evaluation method, including according to following (I) and (II) formula calculate beamnWith column (diagonal brace)n:
Beam
Column (diagonal brace)
Steel construction fiber model is formed using grid dividing, its main feature is that after steel construction fiber model is carried out load solution The damaged condition of component is judged, and judges the safety of structure according to integrally-built dynamic response situation, is specifically commented Sentence and carry out in the steps below:
Step 1: determine that component plastic rotational angle reaches IO (can use immediately), LS according to FEMA-356 standard (table 5-6) The numerical value of (life security) and CP (close to collapsing) three phases.
Step 2: according to following (XII) and (XIII) formula, ductility factor when corresponding above-mentioned three stages level is calculated separately μIO、μLSAnd μCPAnd plastic rotational angle section edge fibers plastic strain εIO、εLSAnd εCP:
Beam:
Column, diagonal brace:
Step 3: the result information after reading finite element analysis obtains edge fibers plastic strain cloud atlas, is turned according to plasticity Angle section edge fibers plastic strain εlpDetermine which stage component plastic rotational angle reaches: if εIO≤εlp< εLS, then component plasticity turns Angle reaches I/O phase；If εLS≤εlp< εCP, then component plastic rotational angle reaches the LS stage；If εlp≥εCP, then component plastic rotational angle Reach the CP stage；Thus can determine that component by curved degree of injury.According to component except plastic rotational angle section part plastic deformation and Drawing, the pressure degree of impairment for judging component, can evaluate integrally-built safety.
The beamnWith column (diagonal brace)nCalculating use to beams all in steel construction, column and diagonal supporting member, set its plasticity and turn Angular deformation concentrates on component both ends length lpRange, i.e. plastic rotational angle section, and according to element type, cross section parameter, material type, Material limits plastic strain and the deformation of FEMA Limiting Strength calculate component length l and plastic rotational angle section lpThe ratio between n, by following (I) and (II) formula calculates separately beamnWith column (diagonal brace)n:
Beam
Column (diagonal brace)
In formula: E is elasticity modulus；I is cross sectional moment of inertia；ε u is that steel ultimate plastic strain (generally takes 2.5%；)；μa Ratio for component in the plastic rotational angle of strain hardening section and surrender corner, μa=θC/θy-1；θCReach FEMA structure for component Corner when part performance indicator ultimate strength C point, θ y are the surrender corner of component, μaValue can consult in FEMA-356 (table 5-6) Component reach capacity intensity C when plastic rotational angle a value；γ is the form factor in section；γ=Wp/Wn, WpFor plastic section modulus, WnFor elastic section modulus；fyFor material yield strength；h1For the distance of section edges fiber to neutral axis, when section relative to When neutral axial symmetry, then there is I=Wnh1=WnH/2, i.e. beamnWith column (diagonal brace)nIt can be reduced to following (III) and (IV) formula calculates, Then the fiber model of formation is subjected to load solution；
Beam
Column (diagonal brace)
It is described that grid dividing is used to form steel construction fiber model for the distribution of fiber on determining fibre section, using effective Meshing Method form fiber model, and ensure only one fiber beam element in the plastic rotational angle sections of all components.
The steel construction fiber model carries out load to solve being to make mistake of the component in power response procedure in numerical simulation Effect, which is destroyed, not only to have been met the FEMA deformation of member limit but also had met the material strain limit, while the damaged condition of remaining structure component both may be used Component performance evaluation index according to FEMA standard is evaluated.
The ratio μ of the plastic rotational angle and surrender corneraIt reaches capacity intensity for component in FEMA-356 standard (table 5-6) Plastic rotational angle a value, μ when Ca=θC/θy-1；θCReach corner when FEMA component performance index ultimate strength C point for component；θy For the surrender corner of component.
The beamnThe derivation process of calculation formula is as follows:
(1) for passing through the fiber model in finite element software (ABAQUS, ANSYS/LS-DYNA), when fiber beam element When the plastic strain of some upper fiber reaches failure strain, which will exit work；When all fibres all exit work When, which will be by " kill ", since the maximum plastic strain of fiber beam element typically occurs in edge fibers, institute Can also exit work at first, other fibers can also fail successively during Internal Force Redistribution immediately, until unit is killed Extremely.According to this invalid characteristic, it is believed that component reaches capacity intensity (corresponding FEMA component performance when edge fibers exit work C point in index), thus release the corresponding relationship of component macroscopic deformation and fiber microstrain.
Since numerical simulation meets plane cross-section assumption, strain on member section with assembly is being just with a distance from neutral axis Than being following (V) formula tables according to the relationship that the mathematical meaning of component curvature can release curvature φ and Member Lip fiber strain ε Show:
φ ≈ tan φ=ε/h1； (V)
In formula, φ is curvature；ε is the strain of section edges fiber.
(2) the plastic rotational angle deformation of setting element concentrates on component both ends lpIn length range, i.e., component both ends are plasticity Corner segments, length range incurvature φ are remained unchanged, then are according to the relationship that (V) formula has component corner θ edge fibers strain stress Following (VI) formulas indicate:
θ=φ lp≈εlp/h1。 (VI)
(3) according to the formula (5-1) in FEMA-356 standard, the surrender rotational angle theta of flexural memberyBased on following (VII) formulas It calculates:
Rotational angle theta when then component reaches FEMA component performance index ultimate strength C pointcIt is calculated by following (VIII) formulas:
(4) assume that component corner reaches θCWhen, the plastic strain of the edge fibers of plastic rotational angle section reaches failure strain stressu, The strain concurrently set when edge fibers reach surrender is εe=fy/ E obtains following (IX) formula tables according to (VI) and (VIII) formula The component shown reach capacity intensity when θCWith plastic rotational angle section edge fibers plastic strain εuRelational expression:
And then release the beam of (I) formulanCalculation formula.
The column (diagonal brace)nThe derivation process of calculation formula is as follows:
For the press-bendings such as column, diagonal brace, stretch bending component, it is also necessary to the influence for considering axial compression ratio, according in FEMA-356 Formula (5-2) surrenders rotational angle thetayIt is calculated by following (X) formulas:
In formula, P is axle power；PyeAxle power, P are surrendered for sectionye=Afy.It points out to be less than as axis pressure P in FEMA-356 standard Compression strength PCL50% when, steel member fail by Deformation control, show as the stress performance of ductility；It is on the contrary then controlled by power, Brittle stress performance is shown as, component failure is based on unstable failure.Within the scope of Deformation control, by FEMA-356 standard (table 5-6) is it is found that work as P/PCLμ when < 0.2a=4, as 0.2 < P/PCLμ when < 0.5a=1, deformation of member index with axis pressure P not It is same to have bigger difference.In view of the stability factor of component has PCL<Pye, while in view of axis pressure P is to the deformation of member limit The uncertainty of axial force P, uniformly takes P=0.2P in adverse effect and power response procedureyeIt is calculated, then θy= Wpfyl/(7.5EI)；The strain stress relation of curvature and plastic rotational angle section edge fibers is φ=(in ε-ε)/h1, wherein in ε centered on Axial strain, in ε=0.2Pye/ (EA)=fy/5E.The component corner θ that following (XI) formulas indicate is obtained as a result,CPlastic rotational angle section Edge fibers plastic strain εuRelational expression:
And then release the column (diagonal brace) of (II) formulanCalculation formula.
When member stress in power control range (P >=0.5Pye) when, the failure damage of component by material deformation limit, The stability control of component, setting material failure strain is εu, solve using large deformation Basic equation can expire Foot generally can be achieved by finite element software.
The present invention has microcosmic material strain and FEMA macroscopic view component performance common finite element compared with prior art Elastic-plastic analysis, the intuitive component damage reflected in overall structure power response procedure and destruction situation, realize deformation of member pole The control that limit and material deformation limit destroy component failure, met failure damage of the component in power response procedure both The FEMA deformation of member limit meets the material strain limit again, while the damaged condition of remaining structure component both can be according to FEMA standard Component performance evaluation index evaluated, analytic process is simple, and work efficiency is high, especially to the damage of important component and destruction Provide advantageous foundation and reference.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is operational flowchart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is component fiber model schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the Whole structure model schematic diagram of embodiment 1；
Fig. 4 is FEMA component performance index schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the plastic strain cloud atlas of embodiment 1.
Specific embodiment
Refering to attached drawing 1, the present invention carries out steel construction Damage Evaluation in the steps below:
Step 1: setting length as l to the both ends of beams all in steel construction, column, diagonal supporting member firstpPlastic rotational angle Section, and deformed according to element type, cross section parameter, material type, material limits plastic strain and FEMA Limiting Strength, really Determine component length l and lpRatio n；
Step 2: counting the n value of all components, the value range of n is determined, and the value model is verified by finite element analysis Enclose it is interior to member stress, deformation, the lesser n value of failure effect, if being affected, need to the grid dividing of finite element model into Row adjustment；
Step 3: forming finite element model using effective grid dividing defines fibre section, it is ensured that the modeling of all components Property corner segments in only one fiber element, then carry out load solution.
Step 4: being judged based on component performance index in FEMA specification the damaged condition of component, and according to entirety The dynamic response situation of structure judges the safety of structure.
Embodiment 1
The edge fibers plastic strain cloud atlas that the present invention is obtained by steel construction fiber model carries out safety to overall structure It judges, specific steps include:
A, component length and moulding corner segments length ratio n are calculated
Is set by the deformation of its plastic rotational angle and is concentrated on for the component of all beams, column and diagonal brace in steel construction refering to attached drawing 2 The length l at component both endspRange, i.e. plastic rotational angle section 2, and according to element type, cross section parameter, material type, material limits Plastic strain and the deformation of FEMA Limiting Strength, by following (I) and (II) formula, determine component length l and lpThe ratio between beamn、 ColumnnAnd diagonal bracenValue calculates:
Beam
Column (diagonal brace)
In formula, E is elasticity modulus；I is cross sectional moment of inertia；εuFor the material limits plastic strain of steel, engineering is normal at present It is 2.5% with numerical value；μaRatio for component in the plastic rotational angle 2 of strain hardening section and surrender corner, μa=θC/θy-1；θC Reach corner when FEMA component performance index ultimate strength C point, θ for componentyFor the surrender corner of component, μaValue can consult In FEMA-356 standard (table 5-6) component reach capacity intensity C when plastic rotational angle a value；γ be section form factor, γ= Wp/Wn, WpFor plastic section modulus, WnFor elastic section modulus；fyFor material yield strength；h1It is section edges fiber 8 in The distance of property axis.When section is relative to neutral axial symmetry, then there is I=Wnh1=WnH/2, n value can be reduced to following (III) and (IV) formula calculates:
Beam
Column (diagonal brace)
It is pressed first refering to attached drawing 3 to high-rise steel structure 1 in the progressive collapse-resisting capability analysis for remove bottom corner post 3 (I) and (II) formula calculates separately all beamsn, columnnAnd diagonal bracenValue.
It is H680 × 400 × 32 × 32 with section, the strength of materials is the girder ZL of Q3451For, according to element type And section symmetric case, it is calculated using (III) formula.γ=1.16 are calculated by cross section parameter；It is looked into according to material type Obtain E=2.06 × 105N/mm2、fy=345MPa；Material limits plastic strain εu=2.5%.
Refering to attached drawing 4, consult FEMA-356 standard (table 5-6), determine component reach capacity intensity C when plastic rotational angle a For 4 θ y, i.e. μaIt is 4.
Above-mentioned parameter is substituted into (III) formula, calculates to obtain girder ZL1N=16.5, i.e., the length of plastic rotational angle section 2 be structure The 1/16.5 of part length.
With section for 800 × 500 × 28 × 28, the strength of materials is the steel column Z of Q3451For, according to element type And section symmetric case, it is calculated using (IV) formula.γ=1.22 are calculated by cross section parameter；It is checked according to material type E=2.06 × 105N/mm2、fy=345MPa；Material limits plastic strain εuTake 2.5%.
Refering to attached drawing 4, consult FEMA-356 standard (table 5-6), determine component reach capacity intensity C when plastic rotational angle a For 4 θy, i.e. μaIt is 4.
Above-mentioned parameter is substituted into (IV) formula, calculates to obtain steel column Z1N=19.3, i.e., the length of plastic rotational angle section 2 be component The 1/19.3 of length.
B, it forms fiber model and carries out load solution
Refering to attached drawing 2, the distribution of fiber 11 on fibre section 10 is determined, and effective grid is used to high-rise steel structure 1 12 division methods form fiber model 13, and ensure only one interior fiber beam element 14 of the plastic rotational angle section 2 of all components, with After carry out load solution.
C, the safety of the damaged condition and structure of component is evaluated
Result information after reading finite element analysis, obtains edge fibers plastic strain cloud atlas, according to plastic rotational angle section side Fibrae marginatae plastic strain εlpDetermine which stage component plastic rotational angle reaches: if εIO≤εlp< εLS, then component plastic rotational angle reaches I/O phase；If εLS≤εlp< εCP, then component plastic rotational angle reaches the LS stage；If εlp≥εCP, then component plastic rotational angle reaches CP Stage；Thus can determine that component by curved damage.Except the plastic deformation of plastic rotational angle section part and component is judged according to component It draws, pressure degree of impairment, makes an appraisal to overall structure, and judge the safety of structure according to integrally-built dynamic response situation Property.
Each level coefficient μIO/LS/CPWith plastic rotational angle section edge fibers plastic strain εIO/LS/CPRelationship it is for example following (XII) it is indicated with (XIII) formula:
Beam:
Column (diagonal brace):
Refering to attached drawing 2, in 1 middle girder ZL of high-rise steel structure1μaIt is 4, access FEMA-356 standard (table 5-6) obtains corresponding The ductility factor of IO, LS, CP level is respectively 0.25,2 and 3, and corresponding plastic rotational angle section 2 is calculated according to (XII) formula 8 plastic strain of section edges fiber is respectively εIO=0.50%, εLS=1.43% and εCP=1.97%；Steel column Z1μaIt is 4, looks into Readding FEMA-356 standard (table 5-6) and must corresponding to the ductility factor of IO, LS, CP level is respectively 0.25,2 and 3, according to (XIII) formula 8 plastic strain of section edges fiber that corresponding plastic rotational angle section 2 is calculated is respectively εIO=0.52%, εLS=1.45% And εCP=1.97%.
Refering to attached drawing 2 and Fig. 5, according to the plastic deformation cloud atlas of overall structure and partial component, by cutting for plastic rotational angle section 2 Edge fibers 8 strained situation in face is it is found that the plastic rotational angle of most of component is not up to IO level, structure of the generation compared with large plastometric set Part is concentrated mainly on alternative route: beam maximum plastic rotational angle reaches IO level, shows as by curved damage；Diagonal brace maximum plasticity is answered Become 0.67%, occurs to show as the damage that is pressurized in nonplastic corner segments；Obviously being plastically deformed does not occur in column, it can thus be appreciated that whole The component of body structure is by curved, compression degree of injury is lighter.
Refering to attached drawing 3, high-rise steel structure 1 is in the overall structure power response procedure after the dismounting of bottom corner post 3, all structures Part maximum plastic strain is 1.09%, not up to 2.5%, i.e., does not have component to fail because plastic deformation reaches capacity；It is most of Obviously damaging does not occur in component, and shows that overall structure has certain progressive collapse-resisting ability under the dismounting operating condition.
Only the present invention will be further described for above embodiments, is not intended to limit the invention patent, all for the present invention Equivalence enforcement is intended to be limited solely by within the scope of the claims of the invention patent.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of steel construction fiber model damage evaluation method, including the beam according to following (I) and the calculating of (II) formulan(tiltedly with column Support)n:
Steel construction fiber model is formed using grid dividing, it is characterised in that it is right after load solution to carry out steel construction fiber model The damaged condition of component is judged, and the safety of structure is judged according to integrally-built dynamic response situation, specific to judge It carries out in the steps below:
Step 1: determine that component plastic rotational angle reaches the numerical value of IO, LS and CP three phases according to FEMA-356 standard；
Step 2: according to following (XII) and (XIII) formula, ductility factor μ when corresponding above-mentioned three stages level is calculated separatelyIO、 μLSAnd μCPAnd plastic rotational angle section edge fibers plastic strain εIO、εLSAnd εCP:
Step 3: the result information after reading finite element analysis obtains edge fibers plastic strain cloud atlas, according to plastic rotational angle section Edge fibers plastic strain εlpDetermine which stage component plastic rotational angle reaches: if εIO≤εlp< εLS, then component plastic rotational angle reaches To I/O phase；If εLS≤εlp< εCP, then component plastic rotational angle reaches the LS stage；If εlp≥εCP, then component plastic rotational angle reaches The CP stage；Thus can determine that component by curved degree of injury.The plastic deformation and judgement of plastic rotational angle section part are removed according to component The drawing of component, pressure degree of impairment, can evaluate integrally-built safety.
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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101691012A (en) * 2009-10-14 2010-04-07 上海理工大学 Method for optimally designing distribution of stiffened plates in box-shaped support structure

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101691012A (en) * 2009-10-14 2010-04-07 上海理工大学 Method for optimally designing distribution of stiffened plates in box-shaped support structure

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
冯宝锐: "钢筋混凝土柱抗震性能点转角研究" *
李佳: "高强钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能数值分析" *
钱稼茹;冯宝锐;: "基于RC柱转角的框架结构抗震性能水准判别" *

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