CN109143367A - A kind of method of automatic first breaks pick-up - Google Patents
A kind of method of automatic first breaks pick-up Download PDFInfo
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- CN109143367A CN109143367A CN201710506333.5A CN201710506333A CN109143367A CN 109143367 A CN109143367 A CN 109143367A CN 201710506333 A CN201710506333 A CN 201710506333A CN 109143367 A CN109143367 A CN 109143367A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
- G01V2210/53—Statics correction, e.g. weathering layer or transformation to a datum
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Abstract
Disclose a kind of method of automatic first breaks pick-up.This method comprises: 1) determine starting point of the seed point as growth in the first area of earthquake record；2) sequential scan is carried out to seismic channel, will be merged into first area in the seed point surrounding neighbors with its point with same or similar property；3) boundary for finding first area, determines it as first arrival time point.The present invention is based on the local similarities of seismic channel to form a kind of new seismic properties road, and it merges new seismic properties road to form fusion road with seismic channel, then it regard fusion road as input, the region before seismic first breaks is determined with the method for region growing, so that it is determined that first arrival out, this method has anti-noise ability strong, picks up feature with high accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil gas and coalbed gas seismic exploration and development fields, automatic more particularly, to a kind of preliminary wave
Pick-up method.
Background technique
Static correction is to improve a key technology of stacked section signal-to-noise ratio and vertical resolution.Conventional refraction wave static correction
Processing is built upon under horizontal homogeneous stratiform medium supposed premise.When the surface relief of survey area is big, near surface thickness, speed
When degree variation is complicated, refraction static correction can not be just applicable in.The near-surface velocity model of tomographic statics energy inverting arbitrary medium,
It is the current solution just optimal static correcting method of Static correction of complicated surface layer and most common method.And first break pickup is layer
Analyse the first step of static corrections processing, it accurate whether will have a direct impact on tomographic inversion result.Initial seismic first breaks pick up
Take manually is picked up in a manner of human-computer interaction.Therefore first break pickup just becomes a time-consuming and cumbersome job.In recent years,
There are many automatic first break pickup methods, such as correlation method, energy ratio function, peak amplitude method, fractal dimension and nerve net
Network method etc..Wherein, energy ratio function is simple and practical with its and be widely applied.But under the conditions of complicated near surface, due to
Preliminary wave energy feature, wave character, phase property change greatly, and usually affected by noise, method of automatic first breaks pick-up
Precision and efficiency are still unable to satisfy requirement.It is therefore desirable to propose a kind of accuracy that can be improved preliminary wave automatic Picking,
The first break picking method of stability and anti-interference ability.
The information for being disclosed in background of invention part is merely intended to deepen the reason to general background technique of the invention
Solution, and it is known to those skilled in the art existing to be not construed as recognizing or imply that the information is constituted in any form
Technology.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve above-mentioned problem existing in the prior art, a kind of preliminary wave automatic Picking is proposed
Method, the shortcomings that existing evaluation method can be overcome and deficiency.
Method of automatic first breaks pick-up according to the present invention, may comprise steps of:
1) starting point of the seed point as growth is determined in the first area of earthquake record；
2) to seismic channel carry out sequential scan, by the seed point surrounding neighbors with it with same or similar property
Point be merged into first area；
3) boundary for finding first area, determines it as first arrival time point.
Preferably, in step 1), specifying the time point before the first arrival time of global minima is the kind in first region
Sub- point.
Preferably, in step 1), the seed point in first region is determined by following formula:
Wherein tseed,jFor jth road seed point time, xjFor jth road geophone offset, v is survey area near-surface velocity value.
Preferably, in step 2), by following formula judge seed point surrounding neighbors point whether with it with identical
Or similar quality:
Wherein i is the point of seed point surrounding neighbors, yiFor the regional value of i point, siFor the seismic data of i point, sthFor setting
Threshold value, it is first area that regional value, which is the 1 expression region, and regional value is that -1 expression region is second area.
Preferably, siThe seismic data that road is merged for seismic properties is defined by following formula:
si=s1i·w1+s2i·w2+s3i·w3 (3)
Wherein, s1iFor the data of seismic channel, s2iFor the data in a seismic properties road, s3iFor another seismic properties road
Data, w1, w2, w3 be weighted value.
Preferably, w1=1, w2=1, w3=1.
Preferably, s2iFor the Local standard deviation of seismic channel, s3iFor the local cross-correlation coefficient of seismic channel.
Preferably, threshold value sthIt is defined by following formula:
sth=f1s1seed+f2·s2seed+f3·s3seed (4)
Wherein, s1seed、s2seed、s3seedS1 at the respectively described seed pointi, s2iAnd s3iValue, f1, f2, f3 be weighting
Value.
Preferably, f1 takes 1~2, f2=10, f3=10.
Preferably, the Local standard deviation Std (t) of seismic channel is calculated by the following formula:
Wherein, NwFor the length of a sliding window, siFor the seismic data of i point,It is averaged for seismic data in window
Value, t is the time.
The present invention proposes that a kind of seismic first breaks automatic pick method, the local similarity based on seismic channel form one
The new seismic properties road of kind, and merge new seismic properties road to form fusion road with seismic channel, road then will be merged as defeated
Enter, the region before seismic first breaks is determined with the method for region growing, so that it is determined that first arrival out, this method has anti-noise ability
By force, feature with high accuracy is picked up.
Method of the invention has other characteristics and advantages, these characteristics and advantages from the attached drawing being incorporated herein and with
Will be apparent in specific embodiment afterwards, or by the attached drawing and subsequent specific embodiment being incorporated herein into
Row statement, these the drawings and specific embodiments in detail are used together to explain specific principle of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Exemplary embodiment of the present is described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, of the invention is above-mentioned and other
Purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent, wherein in exemplary embodiments of the present invention, identical reference label is usual
Represent same parts.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method for automatic first breaks pick-up of exemplary implementation scheme according to the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the preferred embodiment of the present invention in attached drawing,
However, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the present invention and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein.On the contrary, providing
These embodiments are of the invention more thorough and complete in order to make, and can will fully convey the scope of the invention to ability
The technical staff in domain.
Method of automatic first breaks pick-up according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to Fig. 1.
This method specifically includes that
Step 1: starting point of the seed point as growth is determined in the first area of earthquake record.
The first step, for each starting point for needing the region divided to look for a seed point as growth.Earthquake is remembered
For record, earthquake record can be browsed in advance, and then specifying the time point before the first arrival time of global minima is first area
The seed point in domain can also pass through the seed point still adaptively provided per first region together of following formula roughly:
Wherein tseed,jFor jth road seed point time, xjFor jth road geophone offset, v is the one of survey area near-surface velocity
A rough estimate value.
Since earthquake record is divided into two regions, the seed point in a given region is only needed, is then partitioned into
First region, then remaining is exactly Two Areas.So not having to the seed point for determining Two Areas.If by first
The value in a region is all assigned a value of 1, and the value of Two Areas is all assigned a value of -1, then the value at seed point is exactly 1, and remaining point
The value at place is all -1.
Step 2: to seismic channel carry out sequential scan, by the seed point surrounding neighbors with it with same or similar
The point of property is merged into first area.
With seed point will there is the point of same or similar property to be merged into where seed point in seed point surrounding neighbors
In region, i.e., the regional value at these points is also configured as 1.
Judge seed point surrounding neighbors point whether with seed point have same or similar property, be need a standard
Then.In the present invention, it is to give a threshold values, i.e., region is divided by following formula:
Wherein i is the point of seed point surrounding neighbors, yiFor the regional value of i point, siFor the seismic data of i point, sthFor setting
Threshold value, it is first area that regional value, which is the 1 expression region, and regional value is that -1 expression region is second area.
The earthquake record relatively high for signal-to-noise ratio, 1~2 times for setting earthquake record at seed point for threshold values can be very
Good marks off two regions.But the earthquake record low for signal-to-noise ratio, this method is it is also possible to failure.For this purpose, this hair
It is bright it is further proposed that a kind of seismic properties merge road, i.e., several seismic properties roads are merged, and amalgamation mode can use as follows
Form:
si=s1i·w1+s2i·w2+s3i·w3 (3)
Wherein, s1iFor the data of seismic channel, s2iFor the data in a seismic properties road, s3iFor another seismic properties road
Data, w1, w2, w3 be weighted value.W1, w2, w3 are weighted value, these weights can be both configured to 1.And s2iAnd s3iIt can be with
It is local attribute road, such as the Local standard deviation and seismic channel part cross-correlation coefficient of seismic channel.
When fusion road in the input not instead of seismic channel in (2) formula, (3) formula, the threshold values in (2) formula will also do phase
The change answered.Take s1iFor seismic channel, s2iAnd s3iIt is the Local standard deviation and seismic channel part cross correlation of seismic channel respectively
Several maximum value, then threshold values is provided that at this time
sth=f1s1seed+f2·s2seed+f3·s3seed (4)
Wherein, s1seed、s2seed、s3seedS1 at the respectively described seed pointi, s2iAnd s3iValue, f1, f2, f3 be weighting
Value.F1 takes 1~2, and f2 and f3 can then take 10
The Local standard deviation of seismic channel may be calculated as:
Wherein NwFor the length of a sliding window, siFor the seismic data of i point, swIt is averaged for seismic data in window
Value, t is the time.
The maximum value of seismic channel part cross-correlation coefficient is that two length are identical, but initial time is separated by a distance
The maximum value when cross correlation of the seismic channel in two windows, the interval of usual initial time take 1 sampled point.
Step 3: finding the boundary of first area, determine it as first arrival time point.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that above to the purpose of the description of the embodiment of the present invention only for illustratively saying
The beneficial effect of bright the embodiment of the present invention is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to given any example.
Various embodiments of the present invention are described above, above description is exemplary, and non-exclusive, and
It is not limited to disclosed each embodiment.Without departing from the scope and spirit of illustrated each embodiment, for this skill
Many modifications and changes are obvious for the those of ordinary skill in art field.The selection of term used herein, purport
In the principle, practical application or improvement to the technology in market for best explaining each embodiment, or make the art
Other those of ordinary skill can understand each embodiment disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of automatic first breaks pick-up, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
1) starting point of the seed point as growth is determined in the first area of earthquake record；
2) to seismic channel carry out sequential scan, by the seed point surrounding neighbors with its point with same or similar property
It is merged into first area；
3) boundary for finding first area, determines it as first arrival time point.
2. method of automatic first breaks pick-up according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1), specify the overall situation most
Time point before small first arrival time is the seed point in first region.
3. method of automatic first breaks pick-up according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1), pass through following public affairs
Formula determines the seed point in first region:
Wherein tseed,jFor jth road seed point time, xjFor jth road geophone offset, v is survey area near-surface velocity value.
4. method of automatic first breaks pick-up described in the one of them in -3 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 2)
In, by following formula judge seed point surrounding neighbors point whether with it with same or similar property:
Wherein i is the point of seed point surrounding neighbors, yiFor the regional value of i point, siFor the seismic data of i point, sthFor the threshold of setting
Value, regional value are that the 1 expression region is first area, and regional value is that -1 expression region is second area.
5. method of automatic first breaks pick-up according to claim 4, which is characterized in that siThe ground in road is merged for seismic properties
Data are shaken, are defined by following formula:
si=s1i·w1+s2i·w2+s3i·w3 (3)
Wherein, s1iFor the data of seismic channel, s2iFor the data in a seismic properties road, s3iFor the number in another seismic properties road
According to w1, w2, w3 are weighted value.
6. method of automatic first breaks pick-up according to claim 5, which is characterized in that w1=1, w2=1, w3=1.
7. method of automatic first breaks pick-up according to claim 5 or 6, which is characterized in that s2iIt is marked for the part of seismic channel
Quasi- variance, s3iFor the local cross-correlation coefficient of seismic channel.
8. method of automatic first breaks pick-up according to claim 7, which is characterized in that threshold value sthIt is fixed by following formula
Justice:
sth=f1s1seed+f2·s2seed+f3·s3seed (4)
Wherein, s1seed、s2seed、s3seedS1 at the respectively described seed pointi, s2iAnd s3iValue, f1, f2, f3 is weighted value.
9. method of automatic first breaks pick-up according to claim 8, which is characterized in that f1 takes 1~2, f2=10, f3=
10。
10. method of automatic first breaks pick-up according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the Local standard deviation of seismic channel
Std (t) is calculated by the following formula:
Wherein, NwFor the length of a sliding window, siFor the seismic data of i point,For the average value of seismic data in window, t
For the time.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110687592A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2020-01-14 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Microseism seismic phase identification first arrival picking method, device and storage medium |
| CN111694053A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2020-09-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | First arrival picking method and device |
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| CN106054251A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-10-26 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | First break picking method and device |
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| US20060062084A1 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-23 | Julian Drew | Microseismic event detection and location by continuous map migration |
| CN102313901A (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2012-01-11 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Iteration acquisition method for first arrival wave |
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