CN109143190A - A kind of broadband robust adaptive beamforming method of null broadening - Google Patents
A kind of broadband robust adaptive beamforming method of null broadening Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of broadband robust adaptive beamforming methods of null broadening, method is by assuming that by certain space interval, there are multiple equicohesive artificial interferers near array actually received interference, the extension matrix unrelated with interference radiating way is obtained after approximate processing, each element is the sinc function without angle information in extension matrix T, after it is multiplied with array covariance matrix, it is equivalent to around each original interference and adds K equicohesive artificial interferers information automatically, array pattern can form null at each artificial interferers, these nulls link together, and then form wide null region, so as to adaptively form wide null in interference radiating way.This method is come without predicting interference to information, and adaptive performance is strong；And the closed solutions of broad-band EDFA weight vector can be provided, operand is smaller, improves the real-time process performance of system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to array signal processing technologies, are related to a kind of steady adaptive beam shape in broadband of null broadening
At method.
Background technique
Array signal processing is an important branch of field of signal processing, it is in radar, sonar, communication, navigation, earthquake
Monitoring, Speech processing and biomedical engineering etc. are widely used.The array signal process technique master of early stage
It has reached its maturity for narrow band signal, after decades of development.However, in order to further obtain distant object
Detectivity and high resolution target imaging capability etc., modern radar often uses broadband signal.Although broadband signal can be regarded as
The superposition of each adjacent narrowband signal, but wideband array model and the sum of not equal to each narrowband array model, wideband array processing
Process wants the more of complexity.Therefore, broadband adaptive beamforming method causes the extensive concern of domestic and foreign scholars, becomes broadband
The new research hotspot in phased-array radar field.
In practical radar system, it is subject to processing the limitation of the conditions such as speed and requirement of real-time, in the presence of adaptive weight
Between the problem of lagging, i.e., the adaptive weight that the first segment data obtains is often used for the self-adaptive processing of lower one piece of data, dry
It disturbs and fast moves or when antenna platform shakes, it is easy to there is data mismatch, causes interference with and remove directional diagram null position,
So that traditional Beamforming Method failure.Null broadening technology can effectively solve the above problems, but most of null broadening
Method not can be used directly only for narrow band signal in broad-band EDFA.In recent years, scholar proposes to utilize roomage response
(SRV) it constrains, each sub-band within the scope of signal bandwidth is approached into reference in the response of the wave beam of interference angle and its adjacent angular
Frequency is responded in the wave beam of interference angle, to realize the null broadening in broad-band EDFA.But this method needs pre- in advance
Know interference come to range, adaptive performance is poor；In addition, this method can not provide the closed solutions of weight vector, need by convex
Optimization Toolbox carries out numerical solution, and the accuracy of weight vector is poor, and operand is huge, and real-time process performance is poor.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of broadband robust adaptive beamforming method of null broadening, it can be effective
Broadband interference null is extended, precognition interference is not needed and comes to adaptive performance is strong, and can provide broad-band EDFA power arrow
The closed solutions of amount, operand is smaller, improves the real-time process performance of system.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is implemented as follows:
The broadband robust adaptive beamforming method of null broadening, includes the following steps:
Step 1 assumes in the practical received interference signal near zone of array, by certain space interval there are K it is equal by force
The artificial interferers of degree calculate theoretical wideband array covariance matrix, and thus construct to expand to unrelated MN × MN with interference
Matrix are as follows:
Wherein, 1 is N × N-dimensional all 1's matrix, T1Matrix, T are tieed up for M × M1In g row h column element (T1)g,h
Expression formula are as follows:
In formula,M is the array number of array, and N is
The delay cell number that each array element channel is followed by, d are array element spacing, fcFor reference frequency point, c is propagation velocity of electromagnetic wave, rem
[a, b] indicates a to b remainder, △=Wn/ (K-1), WnIt is reached for preset adaptive direction figure being broadened at original interference
The null width arrived,Indicate Kronecher product；
Actual array sample covariance matrix and the extension matrix are carried out Hadamard product by step 2, obtain weight
The covariance matrix of structure；
Step 3, the covariance matrix based on reconstruct calculate the adaptive weight vector of broad-band EDFA device, are then poised for battle
Column receive echo data and carry out Adaptive beamformer.
Wherein, the adaptive weight vector of broad-band EDFA device is calculated described in step 3 are as follows: according to constraint least mean-square error
Criterion calculates the adaptive weight vector of broad-band EDFA device.
The utility model has the advantages that
The broadband robust adaptive beamforming method of null broadening proposed by the present invention, compares prior art, Neng Gou
Steadily inhibit interference in the case that interference fast moves or antenna platform is shaken, complete broadband adaptive beamforming,
Its effect is specific as follows.
1. the method for the present invention is by assuming that by certain space interval, there are multiple etc. near array actually received interference
The artificial interferers of intensity obtain the extension matrix unrelated with interference radiating way after approximate processing, and each element is equal in extension matrix T
For the sinc function without angle information, after being multiplied with array covariance matrix, it is equivalent to around each original interference certainly
Dynamic additional K equicohesive artificial interferers information, array pattern can form null at each artificial interferers, these nulls by
It is close in position, it links together, and then form wide null region, it is wide by zero so as to adaptively be formed in interference radiating way
It falls into, comes without predicting interference to information；
2. the method for the present invention can provide the closed solutions of broadband robust adaptive beamforming weight vector, without convex excellent
Change tool box and carry out numerical solution, available accurate weight vector, and operand is smaller, improves the real-time treatability of system
Energy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is broadband signal Time Domain Processing structure chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the signal processing flow figure of embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is three-dimensional perspective-frequency adaptive direction figure and its two-dimensional side projection of tradition Frost Beamforming Method
Figure；
Fig. 4 is the three-dimensional perspective-frequency adaptive direction figure and its two-dimensional side perspective view of the method for the present invention；
When Fig. 5 is the output Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) of the method for the present invention and tradition Frost Beamforming Method, is noiseless most
The curve comparison figure that excellent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) changes with umber of pulse.
Specific embodiment
The present invention in order to solve when interference fast moves or antenna platform shakes, it is existing based on SRV constraint
Broadband null broadens technology there are adaptive performances the problems such as poor, operand is huge, and it is steady to propose that a kind of new null broadens broadband
Strong Adaptive beamformer method.This method is assumed in the practical received interference signal near zone of array, by between certain space
Every there are multiple equicohesive artificial interferers, theoretical wideband array covariance matrix is calculated, and thus construct to come with interference to nothing
The extension matrix of pass；Then, actual array sample covariance matrix and extension matrix are subjected to Hadamard product, obtain weight
The covariance matrix of structure；Finally, the covariance matrix based on reconstruct, calculates the adaptive weight vector of broad-band EDFA device, after
And wave number is received back according to progress Adaptive beamformer to array.
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
A kind of broadband robust adaptive beamforming method of null broadening, process flow is as shown in Fig. 2, its specific steps
Including
Step 1: construction extension matrix
1. the foundation of signal model
Considering that an array number is M, array element spacing is the uniform line-array of d, and each array element channel is followed by N number of delay cell,
As shown in Figure 1.P wideband interferer signal is far field plane wave, and bandwidth B having the same and centre frequency f0, incidence angle
Degree is respectively θk(k=1,2 ..., P), noise are mutually independent zero mean Gaussian white noise, and variance isM-th of array element
The reception data in channel may be expressed as:
In formula, si(t) i-th of interference signal, τ are indicatedm(θi) it is that i-th interference signal reaches time of m-th of array element and prolong
Late, nmIt (t) is the received white Gaussian noise signal of m-th of array element.
Actual array sample covariance matrix is represented by
Rxx=E { x (t) xH(t)} (2)
In formula, x (t)=[x1(t),…,xM(t),…,xM(t-(N-1)Ts)]T, TsFor signal sampling interval.Here battle array
Column sample covariance matrix is different from the theoretical wideband array covariance matrix hereafter constructed.
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out to array received data, the L subbands not overlapped is broken down into, then receives number
It is according to the frequency-domain expression of vector x (t)
Wherein, Si(fl) it is i-th of interference signal complex envelope in frequency point flThe expression formula at place, N (fl) it is frequency point flPlace makes an uproar
Sound vector.a(fl,θi) it is i-th of interference signal in frequency point flThe steering vector at place, expression formula are
In formula,Indicate Kronecker product, d is array element spacing, and c is propagation velocity of electromagnetic wave, direction cosines ui=
sinθi。
Classical Frost broad-band EDFA device is represented by following optimization problem:
min wHRxxw s.t.CTW=E (5)
Wherein, w is the right-safeguarding vector of MN × 1, and E is that N × 1 ties up response vector, and any element is 1, and other elements are all
0.C is MN × N-dimensional constraint matrix, and expression formula is
Wherein, 1MIt is that M × 1 ties up complete 1 vector.
2. the construction of extension matrix
By aforementioned signal model it is found that theoretical array broadband covariance matrix is in the expression formula of frequency domain
Wherein, PiFor the power of i-th of interference signal,For the power of noise signal, I is that MN × MN ties up unit matrix.
The expression formula that the n-th column element of m row in matrix R can further be obtained is
Wherein, rem [a, b] indicates a to b remainder, and int [a, b] indicates that a asks whole to b.
In order to broaden disturbance null, it is assumed that there are K equicohesive artificial interferers around each interference.For i-th
For (1≤i≤P) a interference, additional artificial interferers are linearly evenly distributed on original interference two sides, and L-expression is
U=ui+p△(-(K-1)/2≤p≤(K-1)/2) (9)
In formula, △=Wn/ (K-1), WnIt is wide for the null that should reach of the preset adaptive direction figure at original interference
Degree, passes through WnSetting, by it is each interference be extended to wide null.
Array covariance matrix after additional virtual interference are as follows:
In formula, ui=sin θi。
Array covariance matrix according to geometric sequence summation criterion, after additional virtual interferenceIn the n-th column element of m row
It is represented by
Wherein,It can be found by formula (11), covariance
MatrixIn off diagonal element be to be obtained by element in original covariance matrix R multiplied by sinc function, the sinc function is not
Containing any interference angle information, therefore the extended matrix that comes out of subsequent construction comes without containing interference to utilizing its to form wave beam
When, do not need precognition interference come to.In addition, multiplied sinc function is identical for each interference.
When jamming power is much larger than noise power, covariance matrix in formula (11) can approximate representation be
Wherein,fcFor reference frequency point.Above-mentioned approximation
Although processing will lead to the corresponding disturbance null width of different frequent points difference, but still can be formed at each frequency point compared with
Wide disturbance null.In addition, will lead to noise power in new covariance matrix after the processing increases K times, but each original
Interference nearby attached K artificial interferers, therefore the processing makes an uproar than influencing very little on the dry of array interference signal.
According to formula (12), extension matrix can define are as follows:
Due to Ψ1Middle rem (n-1, M) and rem (m-1, M) function using M as the period, extract one of those period again into
Row duplication, available extension matrix, therefore, according to formula (13), extension matrix may be expressed as: again
Wherein, T is the matrix of MN × MN dimension, and 1 is N × N-dimensional all 1's matrix, T1It is the matrix of M × M dimension, T1In
Element (the T of g row h column1)g,hExpression formula is
In formula,
By formula (13), (14) and (15) be can be seen that, each element is the sinc without angle information in extension matrix T
After being multiplied with array covariance matrix, it is a equicohesive virtual to be equivalent to around each original interference additional K automatically for function
Interference information, array pattern can form null at each artificial interferers, these nulls are connected to one since position is close
It rises, and then forms wide null region, to extend the corresponding null width of original interference.
Step 2: restructuring array covariance matrix
By extension matrix T and actual sample covariance matrix RxxCarry out Hadamard product, restructuring array covariance square
Battle array, expression formula are
Rnew=Rxx⊙T (16)
In formula, ⊙ indicates Hadamard product.
Step 3: solving adaptive weight vector
According to constraint minimum mean square error criterion, the proposed broadband robust adaptive beamforming method of the present invention can be calculated
Weight vector is
Step 4: carrying out Adaptive beamformer to the received echo data of array.
Using obtained adaptive weight vector, processing is weighted to received echo data
Y=wHx(t) (18)
In formula, x (t) is received echo-signal, after weighted processing, can effectively receive desired signal, and steadily press down
Make the interference signal quickly moved.
Since then, a kind of place of the broadband robust adaptive beamforming method to echo data of null broadening is just completed
Reason.
Embodiment
In order to verify a kind of robust wideband Adaptive beamformer method of null broadening proposed by the present invention, carry out adaptive
It answers beam pattern and exports the emulation of Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), emulation uses even linear array, and simulation parameter is as shown in Table 1.
The setting of 1 simulation parameter of table
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is the adaptive array column direction of traditional Frost Broadband Beamforming Method and the method for the present invention respectively
Figure.By comparing Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 it is found that relative to traditional Frost method, the array pattern of the method for the present invention not only can be
Main lobe is formed at beam position, and can adaptively form wider null in interference radiating way.
It is dry to make an uproar than for 40dB, interference radiating way moreover, it is assumed that there are the fast-changing pulse interference signal in a position in space
It is inconsistent in different pulses, change in sinusoidal periodic, expression formula is u (k)=0.5+0.02sin [(k-1)/4] (1≤k
≤Np),Np=50 be umber of pulse.Herein, the adaptive weight of the method for the present invention and tradition Frost method is by first arteries and veins
Data in punching are calculated, and are then applied to each pulse data and calculate corresponding output Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR).
Fig. 5 be the method for the present invention output SINR, tradition Frost method export SINR, it is noiseless when optimal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
Comparison.By simulation result it is found that the output SINR of the method for the present invention is almost kept constant with the variation of umber of pulse, and close reason
By optimal value；And the output SINR degradation of tradition Frost method, this is because tradition Frost method can only be at first
The corresponding interference angle of pulse data forms narrow null, when pulse data changes, it includes interference signal can remove
The null position that weight is formed, to can not effectively inhibit to interfere.
Available from Fig. 3~Fig. 5, the method for the present invention can adaptively form wide null in interference radiating way, have good
Good interference free performance, is a kind of steady broadband adaptive beamforming method.
In conclusion the above is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, being not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of broadband robust adaptive beamforming method of null broadening characterized by comprising
Step 1 is assumed in the practical received interference signal near zone of array, equicohesive there are K by certain space interval
Artificial interferers calculate theoretical wideband array covariance matrix, and thus construction comes with interference to unrelated MN × MN extension matrix
Are as follows:
Wherein, 1 is N × N-dimensional all 1's matrix, T1Matrix, T are tieed up for M × M1In g row h column element (T1)g,hExpression
Formula are as follows:
In formula,M is the array number of array, and N is each battle array
The delay cell number that first channel is followed by, d are array element spacing, fcFor reference frequency point, c is propagation velocity of electromagnetic wave, rem [a, b]
Indicate a to b remainder, △=Wn/ (K-1), WnZero reached for preset adaptive direction figure being broadened at original interference
Width is fallen into,Indicate Kronecher product；
Actual array sample covariance matrix and the extension matrix are carried out Hadamard product by step 2, are reconstructed
Covariance matrix；
Step 3, the covariance matrix based on reconstruct calculate the adaptive weight vector of broad-band EDFA device, then connect to array
It receives echo data and carries out Adaptive beamformer.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that calculate the adaptive power of broad-band EDFA device described in step 3
Vector are as follows: according to constraint minimum mean square error criterion, calculate the adaptive weight vector of broad-band EDFA device.
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| CN110196415A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-09-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of wide null Beamforming Method based on compensation Antenna error |
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| CN114826359A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-07-29 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Wave arrival angle null-dip broadening method and system for phased array satellite communication antenna |
| CN117914364A (en) * | 2024-03-19 | 2024-04-19 | 艾索信息股份有限公司 | Method and device for generating wide null beam, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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| CN114826359A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-07-29 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Wave arrival angle null-dip broadening method and system for phased array satellite communication antenna |
| CN114826359B (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-13 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Wave arrival angle null-dip broadening method and system for phased array satellite communication antenna |
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| CN117914364B (en) * | 2024-03-19 | 2024-05-31 | 艾索信息股份有限公司 | Method and device for generating wide null beam, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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