CN109142640B - Self-emulsification screening method of low-permeability reservoir self-emulsification oil displacement system - Google Patents
Self-emulsification screening method of low-permeability reservoir self-emulsification oil displacement system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109142640B CN109142640B CN201811135982.XA CN201811135982A CN109142640B CN 109142640 B CN109142640 B CN 109142640B CN 201811135982 A CN201811135982 A CN 201811135982A CN 109142640 B CN109142640 B CN 109142640B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- self
- emulsifying
- crude oil
- oil
- water phase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N2021/8405—Application to two-phase or mixed materials, e.g. gas dissolved in liquids
Abstract
The invention provides a self-emulsifying screening method of a self-emulsifying oil displacement system of a low-permeability oil reservoir. The method comprises the following steps: transferring the self-emulsifying oil displacement system and the crude oil into a measuring cylinder with a plug, standing for a proper time at the oil reservoir temperature, and preliminarily determining the capacity of the crude oil for spontaneously emulsifying into a water phase by a visual method; and inverting the system once, determining the volume of the emulsified crude oil of the self-emulsifying oil displacement system, and calculating to obtain the self-emulsifying capacity SEC of the self-emulsifying oil displacement system, wherein the SEC is the volume of the emulsified crude oil/the total volume of the crude oil. The technical scheme provided by the invention is considered from the self-emulsifying function of the system, the self-emulsifying screening method for oil displacement of the low-permeability reservoir is systematically explained for the first time, and a basis is provided for screening the method for improving the recovery ratio of the oil field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical flooding for improving recovery efficiency, and particularly relates to a self-emulsifying screening method of a low-permeability reservoir self-emulsifying oil displacement system.
Background
In a long period of time in the future, the low-permeability oil reservoir will occupy an important position in the petroleum industry of China and is an important resource basis for increasing storage and increasing production in the petroleum industry of China.
In a low-permeability oil reservoir, the phenomena of poor rock physical property, high injection pressure, water sensitivity and the like exist, so that the recovery rate of a low-permeability oil field in the water injection development process is low, and a large amount of crude oil resources are retained in the formation and cannot be exploited. And the technology such as polymer flooding popularized and applied in medium and high permeability layers has higher starting and injection pressure, and cannot be applied to low permeability reservoirs. The existing surfactant flooding technology is mainly used for improving the microscopic oil washing efficiency by enhancing the oil-water interfacial activity and changing the rock wettability.
A large number of indoor researches and field application examples show that the produced fluid is good in emulsification, the effect of improving the recovery ratio is good, and the emulsion has double functions of oil displacement and profile control in the stratum migration process, so that the emulsification effect of an oil displacement system on stratum crude oil needs to be enhanced, and the crude oil can be spontaneously mixed and emulsified to prepare the emulsion under the combined action of a proper amount of emulsifier and a small amount of mechanical energy (such as slight oscillation or stirring) through a self-emulsifying method. Therefore, the method can be used for self-emulsifying the crude oil to form emulsion under the natural shearing action of the stratum porous medium aiming at the low-permeability oil reservoir, and further the development effect of the low-permeability oil reservoir is improved.
Therefore, some high-performance self-emulsifying systems need to be screened in a targeted manner, and crude oil is spontaneously emulsified to form emulsion under the natural shearing action of a stratum porous medium, so that the development effect of a low-permeability oil reservoir is improved, but a set of simple and easy self-emulsifying oil displacement system screening method is still lacking at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the self-emulsifying screening method of the self-emulsifying oil displacement system of the low-permeability oil reservoir, the method is simple to operate and accurate in effect, and the oil displacement system evaluated and screened by the method is good in self-emulsifying performance and high in recovery ratio improvement amplitude in an indoor test.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a self-emulsifying screening method of a low permeability reservoir self-emulsifying oil displacement system, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
transferring the self-emulsifying oil displacement system and the crude oil into a measuring cylinder with a plug, standing for a proper time at the oil reservoir temperature, and preliminarily determining the capacity of the crude oil for spontaneously emulsifying into a water phase by a visual method;
inverting the crude oil once, determining the volume of the emulsified crude oil of the self-emulsifying oil displacement system, and calculating to obtain the self-emulsifying capacity SEC of the self-emulsifying oil displacement system, wherein the SEC is the volume of the emulsified crude oil/the total volume of the crude oil;
and screening the self-emulsifying oil displacement system according to the self-emulsifying capacity value SEc.
In the above method, preferably, the self-emulsifying flooding system is a solution containing a surfactant and/or an alkali.
In the above method, preferably, the volume ratio of the self-emulsifying flooding system to the crude oil is 1:9, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3 or 9: 1.
In the above method, preferably, the standing at the reservoir temperature for a suitable time means standing in an oven at the reservoir temperature for 1 hour in a closed manner.
In the method, preferably, the preliminary determination of the capability of the crude oil to enter the water phase through the spontaneous emulsification by a visual method means that preliminary judgment is carried out by observing the depth of the water phase color and the depth of the crude oil to enter the water phase through the spontaneous emulsification so as to eliminate an emulsion flooding system with an obviously poor effect, and subsequent steps are not carried out on the eliminated emulsion flooding system. When preliminary judgment is carried out, the color of the water phase after the crude oil spontaneously emulsifies into the water phase is compared under different self-emulsifying oil displacement systems, the deeper the color of the water phase is, the stronger the capacity of the crude oil spontaneously emulsifies into the water phase is, and meanwhile, the deeper the depth of the crude oil spontaneously emulsifies into the water phase is, the stronger the capacity of the crude oil spontaneously emulsifies into the water phase is. Under different oil-water ratios, the same emulsification system color will have a certain difference, mainly by comparing the colors corresponding to different systems under the same condition, the self-emulsification effect corresponding to the emulsification flooding system is distinguished, and the color is not limited to a certain series of colors, the following examples are only for explaining how to compare, and do not represent that all emulsification flooding systems will have the following colors: after the crude oil is spontaneously emulsified and enters the water phase, different water phase colors, including brown, dark brown, black, light brown and brown, correspondingly appear in different emulsion flooding systems, wherein the water phase colors of brown, dark brown and black can be considered as belonging to the condition of darker colors, and if the water phase colors of light brown and brown, the water phase colors of light brown and brown can be considered as belonging to the condition of lighter colors. For the depth of the crude oil entering the water phase, generally, if the crude oil can not enter the water phase basically, the system belongs to an emulsion flooding system with poor spontaneous emulsion effect. Through preliminary judgment, some emulsification flooding systems with poor effects, such as systems in which crude oil cannot enter a water phase or does not enter the water phase basically, and systems in which crude oil can enter the water phase but has a small entering amount and a light water phase color, can be directly excluded.
In the above method, preferably, the larger the self-emulsifying capacity value SEc corresponding to the self-emulsifying flooding system is, the better the capacity of the corresponding self-emulsifying flooding system for self-emulsifying crude oil is.
In the above method, preferably, the determination of the volume of the emulsified crude oil of the self-emulsifying flooding system is performed in the following manner:
sequentially pouring the self-emulsifying oil displacement system and the crude oil into a measuring cylinder with a plug, and reading and recording the volume a of the water phase; after inverting one time, reading the volume b of the recorded water phase again, wherein the volume of the emulsified crude oil is a-b.
In the method, preferably, the method is used for screening more than two self-emulsifying oil displacement systems.
In the above method, preferably, the method further comprises the step of formulating the self-emulsifying flooding system with simulated formation water. The method comprises the steps of dissolving a surfactant and alkali in simulated formation water to prepare a self-emulsifying oil displacement system solution with a preset concentration.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is considered from the self-emulsifying function of the system, the self-emulsifying screening method for oil displacement of the low-permeability reservoir is systematically explained for the first time, and a basis is provided for screening the method for improving the recovery ratio of the oil field. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method is simple, has strong operability and applicability, and can quickly and quantitatively evaluate and screen the self-emulsifying capacity of the oil displacement system, so that a high-performance self-emulsifying oil displacement system suitable for low-permeability oil reservoirs is optimized.
(2) The chemical oil displacement system obtained by screening has good physical simulation oil displacement effect, and can further improve the crude oil recovery rate after the conventional water displacement is physically simulated by the low-permeability core, which shows that the screening result of the screening method has high accuracy and good evaluation effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the crude oil self-emulsification conditions corresponding to the three self-emulsifying flooding systems in example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in order to clearly understand the technical features, objects, and advantages of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the practical scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Experimental material and preparation method
The surfactants adopted in the embodiment are nonionic surfactant alkyl glycoside (APG1214), anionic surfactant sodium heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate (HABS) and anionic nonionic surfactant sodium nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate (SS-231);
the formation water is actual formation water of a certain oil field, and the total mineralization is 6726 mg/L;
the crude oil used to determine the self-emulsifying properties was a degassed and dehydrated crude oil from the same field, with a reservoir viscosity of 18.17 mPa-s,
2. conditions of the experiment
The experiments were all performed at a reservoir temperature of 45 ℃.
3. Procedure of experiment
(1) According to field construction experience and conventional surfactant injection concentration analysis, three surfactant solutions with 0.4 mass percent concentration are prepared by using distilled water as a self-emulsifying oil displacement system, 5mL of the solutions and 5mL of crude oil are respectively transferred into a stopple measuring cylinder according to the volume ratio of 1:1, then the three surfactant solutions and the 5mL of the crude oil are sealed and kept stand for 1h in a baking oven at 45 ℃, the color depth of a water phase and the depth of the crude oil entering the water phase are observed to preliminarily determine the capacity of the crude oil for spontaneously emulsifying into the water phase, and the results are shown in figure 1 and are found through observation and comparison: the color of the mixed region corresponding to the APG1214 is deepest, the depth of crude oil entering the water phase is deepest, the color of the mixed region corresponding to the SS-231 is second, the color of the mixed region corresponding to the HABS is lightest, and the APG1214 has better self-emulsifying capacity in preliminary judgment;
(2) the volume a of the initial water phase is recorded as 5mL, after the initial water phase is inverted up and down once (namely turned over by 180 degrees and then turned over by 180 degrees), the volume b of the self-emulsified water phase is read, the volume of the emulsified crude oil of the self-emulsified oil displacement system is determined, and the self-emulsifying capacity SEC of the self-emulsified oil displacement system is obtained through calculation, wherein the SEC is the volume of the emulsified crude oil/the total volume of the crude oil. The results after emulsification are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 self-emulsifying Capacity of self-emulsifying flooding System SEC
As can be seen from table 1, when the surfactant is APG1214, the self-emulsifying capacity of the self-emulsifying flooding system is relatively large, 0.80. This shows that under the same concentration, the oil displacement system prepared by the APG1214 can self-emulsify most crude oil under the condition of one-time inversion, and the APG1214 solution can be selected as the optimal self-emulsifying oil displacement system.
In a low-permeability reservoir core displacement experiment with the permeability of 37.22mD and the porosity of 16.9%, the APG1214 solution can improve the crude oil recovery rate by 4.8% on the basis of water flooding, which shows that the APG1214 solution has good effect, and the screening result of the embodiment is reliable.
Example 2
1. Experimental material and preparation method
The surfactant used in this example was nonionic surfactant alkyl glycoside (APG1214), alkali (NaOH);
the formation water is actual formation water of a certain oil field, and the total mineralization is 6726 mg/L;
the crude oil used to determine the self-emulsifying properties was a degassed and dehydrated crude oil from the same field, with a reservoir viscosity of 18.17 mPa-s,
2. conditions of the experiment
The experiments were all performed at a reservoir temperature of 45 ℃.
3. Procedure of experiment
(1) Firstly, preparing solutions mixed by APG1214 and NaOH with different mass concentrations by using distilled water as a self-emulsifying oil displacement system, sequentially transferring 5mL of the solutions and 5mL of crude oil into a measuring cylinder with a plug according to the volume ratio of 1:1, then, hermetically standing for 1h in a 45 ℃ oven, observing the color depth of a water phase to preliminarily determine the capability of the crude oil to spontaneously emulsify into the water phase, and finding out that the color depth sequence (by using the concentration meter of the NaOH) of a mixed area is as follows: 0.3% > 0.1% > other ones, which are substantially the same. In the preliminary judgment, the solution with the concentration of NaOH of 0.3 percent has better self-emulsifying capacity.
(2) And recording the volume a of the initial water phase as 5mL, inverting the initial water phase once, reading the volume b of the self-emulsified water phase, determining the volume of the emulsified crude oil of the self-emulsifying oil displacement system, and further calculating the self-emulsifying capacity SEC of the self-emulsifying oil displacement system, wherein the SEC is the volume of the emulsified crude oil/the total volume of the crude oil. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 self-emulsifying Capacity of self-emulsifying flooding System SEC
As can be seen from table 2, when the surfactant APG1214 was mixed with NaOH, the self-emulsifying capacity of the self-emulsifying flooding system was increased compared to the self-emulsifying flooding system using the surfactant APG1214 alone, and the self-emulsifying capacity reached 1.0 at the NaOH concentration given in table 2. This shows that after adding alkali into the surfactant solution, the prepared oil displacing system can completely self-emulsify crude oil under the condition of one-time inversion, and the optimal formula of the self-emulsifying oil displacing system is selected from 0.4% of APG1214 and 0.1% of NaOH.
Finally, the result of a displacement experiment of a physical simulation core (the permeability is 40.97mD, and the porosity is 16.9%) shows that the self-emulsifying oil displacement system can improve the recovery rate of crude oil by 9.1% on the basis of conventional water displacement of a low-permeability reservoir core, and has better recovery rate improvement capability compared with a simple 0.4% APG1214 system (4.8%).
The physical simulation core displacement experiment comprises the following steps:
(1) measuring the dry weight of the core before saturated water, and vacuumizing for 4h to saturate the simulated formation water of an oil field;
(2) measuring the wet weight of the core after saturating water, and then saturating the degassed and dehydrated crude oil of a certain oil field;
(3) performing water drive until the produced liquid contains more than 98 percent of water;
(4) adjusting a valve, changing to self-emulsifying flooding 0.6PV, wherein the flooding speed is 0.1 mL/min;
(5) finally, performing subsequent water flooding until the water content is more than 98%;
(6) and recording the volume of the produced oil in the experimental process, and calculating the recovery ratio of each displacement process.
Claims (9)
1. A self-emulsifying screening method of a self-emulsifying oil displacement system of a low permeability reservoir comprises the following steps:
transferring the self-emulsifying oil displacement system and the crude oil into a measuring cylinder with a plug, and reading and recording the volume a of the water phase; standing for a proper time at the oil reservoir temperature, and preliminarily determining the capacity of the crude oil for spontaneously emulsifying into the water phase by a visual method;
inverting the mixture once, reading and recording the volume b of the water phase, wherein the volume of the emulsified crude oil is a-b, and calculating to obtain the self-emulsifying capacity value SEC of the self-emulsifying oil displacement system, wherein the SEC is the volume of the emulsified crude oil/the total volume of the crude oil;
and screening the self-emulsifying oil displacement system according to the self-emulsifying capacity value SEc.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the self-emulsifying oil displacing system is a solution containing a surfactant and/or a base.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the self-emulsifying flooding system to crude oil is 1:9, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3, or 9: 1.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the standing at the reservoir temperature for a suitable time is closed standing in an oven at the reservoir temperature for 1 h.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the preliminary determination of the ability of the crude oil to spontaneously emulsify into the aqueous phase is determined visually by observing the shade of the color of the aqueous phase and the depth of the spontaneous emulsification of the crude oil into the aqueous phase.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein in the preliminary judgment, comparing the color of the water phase after the crude oil spontaneously emulsifies into the water phase and the depth of the crude oil spontaneously emulsifies into the water phase in different self-emulsifying flooding systems, the deeper the color of the water phase, the stronger the ability of the crude oil spontaneously emulsifies into the water phase, and the deeper the depth of the water phase, the stronger the ability of the crude oil spontaneously emulsifies into the water phase.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the greater the self-emulsifying capacity value SEC corresponding to the self-emulsifying flooding system, the better the ability of the corresponding self-emulsifying flooding system to self-emulsify crude oil.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of formulating the self-emulsifying flooding system with simulated formation water.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a screening of two or more self-emulsifying flooding systems.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811135982.XA CN109142640B (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2018-09-28 | Self-emulsification screening method of low-permeability reservoir self-emulsification oil displacement system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811135982.XA CN109142640B (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2018-09-28 | Self-emulsification screening method of low-permeability reservoir self-emulsification oil displacement system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109142640A CN109142640A (en) | 2019-01-04 |
| CN109142640B true CN109142640B (en) | 2020-09-15 |
Family
ID=64812942
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811135982.XA Active CN109142640B (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2018-09-28 | Self-emulsification screening method of low-permeability reservoir self-emulsification oil displacement system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109142640B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110157403B (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2020-09-29 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Low-permeability oil reservoir oil displacement agent |
| CN114763737A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-07-19 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for determining self-emulsifying viscosity-reducing oil displacement system and application |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1286999A1 (en) * | 1984-10-24 | 1987-01-30 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт По Сбору,Подготовке И Транспорту Нефти И Нефтепродуктов | Method of investigating oil emulsion |
| US7373276B2 (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2008-05-13 | Champion Technologies, Inc. | Quantitative evaluation of emulsion stability based on critical electric field measurements |
| CN102200503B (en) * | 2011-03-22 | 2013-05-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for carrying out quantitative evaluation on comprehensive emulsification performance of emulsifier for oil fields |
| CN105158212A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-12-16 | 北京石油化工学院 | Quantitative evaluation system and method of crude oil emulsion stability |
| CN105403557B (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2018-04-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of screening technique of oil recovery composite microorganism oil-displacing agent |
-
2018
- 2018-09-28 CN CN201811135982.XA patent/CN109142640B/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| "自发乳化驱油方法Ⅰ :自发乳化驱油配方研究";康万利等;《石油天然气学报（江汉石油学院学报）》;20051230;第27卷(第2期);第351-352页 * |
| "自发乳化驱油方法Ⅱ :自发乳化驱油";康万利等;《石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报)》;20051230;第27卷(第6期);第910-912页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109142640A (en) | 2019-01-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Aoudia et al. | Novel surfactants for ultralow interfacial tension in a wide range of surfactant concentration and temperature | |
| CN110016329B (en) | High-temperature high-salinity oil reservoir in-situ emulsification system and application thereof | |
| Du Prey | Gravity and capillarity effects on imbibition in porous media | |
| Neog et al. | Investigation of surfactant induced wettability alteration in Wolfcamp shale for hydraulic fracturing and EOR applications | |
| CN105154055B (en) | A kind of ultralow interfacial tension foam flooding system and its application method | |
| CN109142640B (en) | Self-emulsification screening method of low-permeability reservoir self-emulsification oil displacement system | |
| Hadia et al. | Laboratory investigation on effects of initial wettabilities on performance of low salinity waterflooding | |
| Esfandyari et al. | Simultaneous evaluation of capillary pressure and wettability alteration based on the USBM and imbibition tests on carbonate minerals | |
| Chen et al. | A comparative study of inorganic alkaline/polymer flooding and organic alkaline/polymer flooding for enhanced heavy oil recovery | |
| CN103224777B (en) | The Weak Base ASP Flood oil compositions of compound surfactant and application thereof | |
| Ferreira et al. | Novel glycerin-based microemulsion formulation for enhanced oil recovery | |
| Zhao et al. | Study on the types and formation mechanisms of residual oil after two surfactant imbibition | |
| Xu et al. | Study on dynamic interfacial tension behaviors in surfactant selection for improving oil production | |
| Liu et al. | Experimental investigation of synergy of components in surfactant/polymer flooding using three-dimensional core model | |
| CN105018064A (en) | Foam oil-displacing agent for high salinity and ultra-low permeability or tight oil reservoirs | |
| Mushtaq et al. | Effect of pH on the static adsorption of foaming surfactants on Malaysian sandstone | |
| Zhu et al. | Developments of ASP/SP flooding formulations for Huabei fault block reservoir | |
| Hang et al. | Pore-scale investigation on occurrence characteristics and conformance control mechanisms of emulsion in porous media | |
| US20230027607A1 (en) | Method for enhancing the recovery factor of heavy oil by in-situ oil-water emulsion with high phase inversion point | |
| Li et al. | Chromatographic separation of chemicals in alkaline surfactant polymer flooding in reservoir rocks in the daqing oilfield | |
| Tan et al. | Factors influencing oil recovery by surfactant–polymer flooding in conglomerate reservoirs and its quantitative calculation method | |
| CN106833590A (en) | A kind of Water-In-Oil association type displacement of reservoir oil concentration thickener and preparation method thereof | |
| NO802562L (en) | PROCEDURE FOR OIL EXTRACTION AND PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING UNIQUE SALINITY IN SURFACTURE SYSTEMS FOR OIL EXTRACTION | |
| Aitkulov et al. | ASP flood after a polymer flood vs. ASP flood after a water flood | |
| CN106050197B (en) | A kind of analysis method of Weak Base ASP Flood stimulation machanism |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |