CN109138974A - A kind of fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir discrete values well test analysis method and system - Google Patents
A kind of fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir discrete values well test analysis method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir discrete values well test analysis method and systems.This method include the following: double logarithmic curve is drawn according to actual measurement well test data, double logarithmic curve is compared and preset typical well test curve determines well test model；Pure well storage section region is selected from double logarithmic curve, and the volume for meeting solution cavity is bored using the pure well storage section region interpretation；Well test model parameter is inputted and adjusted, flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP) is simulated by numerical model after discretization and is changed with time situation, the fitting of pressure history curve, semilog plot and double logarithmic curve is realized, explains reservoir geology parameter.The important parameter of fracture hole network oil reservoir can be obtained through the invention, especially there is the volume and connection situation of the large-scale solution cavity of vital influence on oil field production status.Fracture-pore reservoir is handled to the true geologic feature for more meeting fractured-vuggy reservoir as discrete media, this method has preferably reacted the explanation results of the well development characteristics of fracture hole.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of well test analysis methods in reservoir engineering field, are primarily adapted for use in fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir
Discrete values well test data is explained.
Background technique
Domestic many oil fields Marine Carbonate Rocks oil reservoir category ancient karst fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir, oil reservoir bury depth, store up
Layer development controlled factordisease is more, and heterogeneity is strong, and Reservoir Body spatial distribution has discontinuity, and solution cavity is connected to, causes to flow by crack
Flowing law of the body in seam_cavern type is sufficiently complex, and crack is main seepage channel, and fluid major storage is in solution cavity
In.It is difficult to currently based on the Well Test Data Analysis Method based on multiple continuum Model and parsing seepage theory to test data
It is effectively explained, the solution cavity property of underground, the reality of analysis interpretation result and fracture hole type network reservoir can not be explained
Geologic feature has very big difference.
The research of fracture-pore reservoir multi-dielectric Well Testing Theory starts from the research of fracture type reservoir percolation law.In fracture hole
In type Carbonate Reservoir, not only development has crack and hole in reservoir, but also has developed a large amount of corrosion hole.For this
Situation, lot of domestic and international scholar have carried out a large amount of research: on the basis of double medium model, by the matrix of fractured reservoir
System is divided into two matrix systems of high porosity and low-porosity, link together with Fracture System establish first it is triple
Medium darcy flow model.Then, triple pore systems of description fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir are proposed.They consider respectively
Laminar reservior model and block model, stratified model matrix system is by Fracture System horizontal segmentation；Block model matrix system
Divided by one group of orthogonal Fracture System, unstable channelling occurs between matrix and crack.And it discusses storage Rong Biyu to alter
Flow influence of the coefficient to well-test curve.The two above research achievements are that later fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir resolution well testing is managed
The development of opinion is laid a good foundation.
From the research at present to fracture-pore reservoir Well Testing Theory and method as can be seen that all theory and methods are all established
On the basis of the hypothesis of multi-dielectric model, a variety of continuous medias that performance has differences are seeped into storage and are spatially superimposed, are formed
Seepage field independent, there are fluid communications between medium.But system in Tahe Oilfield fracture-pore reservoir geological research shows reservoir
It is made of the network-like fracture-cavity units of a large amount of non-uniform Distributions, and matrix does not have storage infiltration property.Base is assumed in multi-dielectric model
Matter in reservoir uniformly continuous distribution and there are fluid flowing hypothesis be it is unreasonable, and fracture hole be spatially distributed with
Machine causes flowing of the fluid in reservoir more complicated with connectivity, and the continuous characteristic dimension of fracture hole medium is very big therefore right
The reservoir of fracture hole type network reservoir cannot be handled as continuous media for seepage flow, and flowing of the fluid in fracture hole medium is not
Meet the assumed condition of multi-medium Percolation Model.
Summary of the invention
The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to need to provide one kind to be suitable for carbonate rock parting hole type reservoir
The oil reservoir well test analysis method that well test data is explained.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, embodiments herein provide firstly a kind of fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir from
Dissipate Numerical Well Test Analysis method, the described method comprises the following steps: input actual measurement well test data is drawn according to actual measurement well test data
Double logarithmic curve determines well test model by comparing the double logarithmic curve and preset typical well test curve, described
Preset typical case's well test curve is the corresponding pressure response indicatrix of preset fracture-cavity type carbonate geological model；From
Pure well storage section region is selected on the double logarithmic curve, and the volume for meeting solution cavity is bored using the pure well storage section region interpretation；Input examination
Well model parameter simulates flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP) by numerical model after discretization and changes with time situation, draw pressure history curve,
Semilog plot and double logarithmic curve；Well test model parameter is adjusted, realizes that the pressure history curve of numerical well testing simulation, semilog are bent
The fitting of line and double logarithmic curve and pressure the history curve, semilog plot and double logarithmic curve drawn according to measured data, solution
Release reservoir geology parameter.
Preferably, the preset fracture-cavity type carbonate geological model include round homogeneous formation, round compound stratum,
The round stratum Dan Dong, linear isotropic stratum, linear compound stratum, the linear stratum Dan Dong, linear dumbbell stratum and a linear beading
Layer.
Preferably, the well test model parameter include Oil Reservoir Types, boundary types, permeability, solution cavity size and its away from examination
The distance of well.
Preferably, in input well test model parameter, at any time by the numerical model simulation flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP) after discretization
Further comprise following steps in the step of situation of change: corresponding mathematical model is established according to determining well test model；It is logical
It crosses discretization numerical computation method to carry out numerical solution to the mathematical model and obtain bottom pressure changing with time relationship, institute
Stating discretization numerical computation method is preferably finite difference calculus.
Preferably, it when carrying out numerical solution to the mathematical model by finite difference calculus, is further sat using right angle
Block-centered grid system under mark system is discrete to the progress of seepage flow river space, and grid where oil well is radial grid system.
Preferably, when carrying out numerical solution to the mathematical model by finite difference calculus, further to conductivity
Calculation method is designed: flow q of the fluid between grid i-1 and i is calculated as follows:
Seepage flow cross-sectional area A and viscosity, mu in formula are constant, and the primary variables of conductivity is permeability k, xi-xi-1For section
Point xiWith node xi-1The distance between, pi-1-piFor the pressure difference of grid i and grid i-1, during the permeability between node uses
Weight is swum, i.e.,
Similarly
Preferably, further, pure using this in the step of boring the volume for meeting solution cavity using the pure well storage section region interpretation
The bottom-hole storage constant and fluid compressibility that well storage section region interpretation obtains, calculate the apparent volume of pit shaft, then subtract pit shaft
True volume, obtain bore meet solution cavity volume.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a kind of fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir discrete values well test analysis system is additionally provided
System, the system comprises with lower module: data input module, input actual measurement well test data；WELL TEST INTERPRETATION MODEL module, root
Factually testing well data draw double logarithmic curve, by compare the double logarithmic curve and preset typical well test curve come
Determine well test model, the preset typical well test curve is the corresponding pressure of preset fracture-cavity type carbonate geological model
Force-responsive indicatrix；And pure well storage section region is selected from the double logarithmic curve, section region interpretation is stored up using the pure well
Bore the volume for meeting solution cavity；Numerical Simulation Module receives the well test model parameter of input, passes through the Numerical-Mode pattern after discretization
Quasi- flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP) changes with time situation, draws pressure history curve, semilog plot and double logarithmic curve；And adjustment examination
Well model parameter realizes pressure history curve, semilog plot and the double logarithmic curve of numerical well testing simulation and according to measured data
Reservoir geology parameter is explained in the fitting of pressure the history curve, semilog plot and double logarithmic curve of drafting.
Preferably, the preset fracture-cavity type carbonate geological model include round homogeneous formation, round compound stratum,
The round stratum Dan Dong, linear isotropic stratum, linear compound stratum, the linear stratum Dan Dong, linear dumbbell stratum and a linear beading
Layer.
Preferably, the WELL TEST INTERPRETATION MODEL module further comprises: boring and meets solution cavity volume computational submodule, utilizing should
The bottom-hole storage constant and fluid compressibility that pure well storage section region interpretation obtains, calculate the apparent volume of pit shaft, then subtract well
The true volume of cylinder obtains boring the volume for meeting solution cavity.
Preferably, the Numerical Simulation Module includes: numerical value computational submodule, establishes phase according to determining well test model
Corresponding mathematical model, by discretization numerical computation method to the mathematical model carry out numerical solution obtain bottom pressure with
The variation relation of time, the discretization numerical computation method is preferably finite difference calculus；Selective flow stage submodule, root
The calculated result of numerical value computational submodule is shown as pressure history curve, semilog plot and double-log according to the flowing stage of explanation
Curve carries out the comparison of measured curve and calculated result.
Preferably, the numerical value computational submodule is asked carrying out numerical value to the mathematical model by finite difference calculus
Xie Shi, it is further discrete to the progress of seepage flow river space using the block-centered grid system under rectangular coordinate system, and where oil well
Grid is radial grid system.
Preferably, the numerical value computational submodule is asked carrying out numerical value to the mathematical model by finite difference calculus
Xie Shi, further calculate conductivity by following expression: flow q of the fluid between grid i-1 and i is calculated as follows:
Seepage flow cross-sectional area A and viscosity, mu in formula are constant, and the primary variables of conductivity is permeability k, xi-xi-1For section
Point xiWith node xi-1The distance between, pi-1-piFor the pressure difference of grid i and grid i-1, during the permeability between node uses
Weight is swum, i.e.,
Similarly
Compared with prior art, one or more embodiments in above scheme can have following advantage or beneficial to effect
Fruit:
The discrete values well test analysis method of fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir through the embodiment of the present invention can obtain seam
The important parameter of hole network oil reservoir: the connecting degree of percolating network, the length of seepage channel and permeability, cavern volume and
Its distance away from testing well.The volume and connection situation of especially large-scale solution cavity have vital shadow to oil field production status
It rings, these are all that conventional analytic Well Testing Theory is not accomplished.More meet fracture hole using fracture-pore reservoir as discrete media to handle
The true geologic feature of type reservoir, discrete media numerical well testing method have preferably reacted the explanation results of the well hair of fracture hole
Feature is educated, the result of three-dimensional geological integrated interpretation is demonstrated.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be illustrated in the following description, also, partly becomes from specification
It obtains it is clear that being understood by implementing technical solution of the present invention.The objectives and other advantages of the invention can by
Specifically noted structure and/or process are achieved and obtained in specification, claims and attached drawing.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing is used to provide to the technical solution of the application or further understanding for the prior art, and constitutes specification
A part.Wherein, the attached drawing for expressing the embodiment of the present application is used to explain the technical side of the application together with embodiments herein
Case, but do not constitute the limitation to technical scheme.
Fig. 1 is to be related to the process of the fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir discrete values well test analysis method of the embodiment of the present invention to show
It is intended to.
Fig. 2 (a)~(c) is respectively the uniform soft soil base being related in round reservoir (geology) model of the embodiment of the present invention, answers
Molding type, single hole model and the corresponding typical well test curve schematic diagram of each model.
Fig. 3 (a)~(e) is respectively the uniform soft soil base being related in linear reservoir (geology) model of the embodiment of the present invention, answers
Molding type, single hole model, dumbbell model, beading model and the corresponding typical well test curve schematic diagram of each model.
Fig. 4 is to be related to the three kinds of basic flowings and pressure distribution schematic diagram of the discrete media of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is to be related to the discrete schematic diagram of one dimensional fluid flow river grid of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is to be related to the radial grid schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is to be related to the one-dimensional band solution cavity grid schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is to be related to the function mould of the fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir discrete values well test analysis system of the embodiment of the present invention
Block block diagram.
Fig. 9 is the flow chart that system shown in Figure 8 carries out fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir discrete values well test analysis.
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of calculation flow of numerical value computational submodule.
Figure 11 (a)~(d) be respectively the pure pit shaft reservoir stage explanation figure of TK442 well, pressure history matched curve figure, half right
Curve fit figure and double logarithmic curve fitted figure.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, how to apply to the present invention whereby
Technological means solves technical problem, and the realization process for reaching relevant art effect can fully understand and implement.This Shen
Please each feature in embodiment and embodiment, can be combined with each other under the premise of not colliding, be formed by technical solution
It is within the scope of the present invention.
In addition, the process of attached drawing can be in the computer system of such as a group of computer-executable instructions the step of illustrating
Middle execution.Also, although logical order is shown in flow charts, and it in some cases, can be to be different from herein
Sequence executes shown or described step.
Fig. 1 is to be related to the process of the fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir discrete values well test analysis method of the embodiment of the present invention to show
It is intended to.Illustrate each step of the present embodiment below with reference to Fig. 1.
In step s 110, input actual measurement well test data draws double logarithmic curve according to actual measurement well test data, passes through comparison
Double logarithmic curve and preset typical well test curve determine well test model.Wherein, preset typical well test curve
For the corresponding pressure response indicatrix of preset carbonate rock geological model.
Surveying well test data includes essential information and flow pressure history data.Essential information is for the required of well test analysis
Information, mainly well depth, wellbore radius, formation thickness, formation porosity, fluid viscosity, fluid compressibility and ground lamination
Contracting coefficient.Flow pressure history data (afterwards be also referred to as pressure testing data) include pressure, oil production, the testing time (well opening time and
Closed-in time), these data will be finally fitted with numerical well testing analog result.
In the prior art, by the derivative curve of well-test curve, the type of reservoir of underground can be identified.Conventional company
Continuous medium well-logging method is by the form of differential of pressure curve it can be concluded that Single Medium or dual media.Such as 0.5 horizontal line generation
Table circle Single Medium, 1 " caviton " (concave part) represent dual media, and two " caviton " represent treble medium etc..So
And in the present embodiment, same curvilinear characteristic, the Reservoir type represented on fracture hole medium oil pool are entirely different.0.5 is horizontal
Appearance 1 " caviton " does not represent the dual media in traditional continuum theory on line, but big there are 1 in circular boundary formation
Type solution cavity shows the seepage flow characteristics on cavern stratum.2 " cavitons " representatives occur, there are 2 large-scale solution cavities.It is double right in well testing
The parallel lines that pressure and differential of pressure curve are 0.5 in slope on number curve, for linearly for stratum, it is believed that be paleocurrent
The river seepage flow characteristics of control." caviton " on 0.5 slope differential of pressure curve is also no longer in traditional continuum theory
Dual media feature, but the flow characteristics of large-scale solution cavity present on linear river, because large-scale solution cavity provides abundance
Energy, so that pressure decrease speed slows down.The quantity representative of " caviton " quantity of solution cavity on well-test curve.
By the understanding to fractured-vuggy reservoir and the analysis to well-test curve feature, the embodiment of the present invention is by fracture-pore reservoir
Reservoir can substantially be divided into 8 kinds of fundamental types: (1) round homogeneous formation；(2) round compound stratum；(3) round single hole
Layer, as shown in Figure 1；(4) linear isotropic stratum；(5) linear compound stratum；(6) the linear stratum Dan Dong；(7) linear dumbbell stratum；
(8) linear beading stratum.These reservoir models and corresponding typical well test curve are as shown in Figure 2,3, indicatrix
Abscissa is time (lnt), and ordinate is pressure derivative.Illustrate these reservoir models respectively below with reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
(1) round homogeneous formation (referring to fig. 2 (a))
Circular boundary formation is individual well geological model common in Clastic Stratum of Country Rocks, is mainly characterized by homogeneous uniform thickness circular boundary formation
Center a bite oil well.The physical parameters such as porosity, the permeability on entire stratum are uniformly distributed.Boundary can be also possible to level pressure
Closed boundary.Since stratum is homogeneous, the pressure decrease speed of oil well is also uniform, the i.e. pressure of Radial Flow section
Power derivative curve is a horizontal line.
(2) round compound stratum (referring to fig. 2 (b))
Round compound stratum is a kind of inhomogeneous formation, if fracture hole development is uneven, rushton turbine occurs in formation physical property
The phenomenon that, this stratum is then round compound stratum.Round compound stratum is composed of two homogeneous annulus, it can be interior
Poor outer good combination, is also possible to the combination of interior good heterodyne.Due to stratum be it is heterogeneous, outskirt goes out in the speed of pressure propagation
Difference is showed, therefore, the pressure decrease speed of oil well is also no longer uniform, but step-like horizontal line variation occurs.
Step is higher, and the physical difference of interior outskirt is bigger；Step occurs more early, and inside and outside differentiation boundary line is closer from oil well.If step to
On, then physical property is deteriorated, and fluid supply capacity is insufficient；If step is downward, physical property improves, fluid supply capacity enhancing.
(3) the circle stratum Dan Dong (referring to fig. 2 (c))
If occurring one large-scale cave in circular boundary formation wherein a large amount of fluid must have been preserved is the weight of stratum energy
Want source.Due to there is one large-scale solution cavity in stratum, after bottom pressure travels to solution cavity, pressure decrease speed eases up, to
After pressure balance, pressure decrease speed restores normal, i.e., occurs one " caviton " on differential of pressure curve.Caviton is deeper,
Show that solution cavity is bigger；Caviton occurs more early, shows that solution cavity is closer from oil well.Occur on fracture-pore reservoir pressure well-test curve
" caviton " is not the reflection of dual media, but the reflection of solution cavity.The well-test curve of fracture-pore dual medium will appear
Caviton curvilinear characteristic, and the well-test curve of fractured-porous reservoir type dual media is then not in " caviton " feature.
(4) linear isotropic stratum (referring to Fig. 3 (a))
Since the Reservoir Body of system in Tahe Oilfield is the karst strata formed under paleocurrent effect, the form part of ancient stream channel is determined
The developmental morphology of Reservoir Body is determined, therefore, the linear stratum in river is the common stratum form of system in Tahe Oilfield.If ancient karst is uniform
Development, then form linear isotropic stratum.The physical parameters such as porosity, the permeability on entire stratum are uniformly distributed.Due to stratum
For linear isotropic stratum, will occur linear flow in stratum, the parallel lines that slope is 0.5 will occur in well-test curve.
(5) linear compound stratum (referring to Fig. 3 (b))
If the energy of paleocurrent is uneven, it will appear heterogeneous linear stratum, i.e., stratum is by Thief zone and hyposmosis
Two homogeneous intervals are composed.The physical property of linear compound stratum can be the combination of interior good heterodyne, and it is good to be also possible to outside internal difference
Combination.Due to the heterogeneity on stratum, well-test curve broken line will occur after there are the parallel lines that slope is 0.5.If
Reservoir properties improve, then are bent downwardly, and fluid supply capacity becomes strong；If reservoir properties are deteriorated, it is bent upwards, fluid supply capacity weakens.
(6) the linear stratum Dan Dong (referring to Fig. 3 (c))
If having developed one large-scale solution cavity in linear stratum, become the linear stratum Dan Dong.Since solution cavity provides largely
Energy, a caviton will occur in well-test curve, then continue along the rising of 0.5 oblique line.
(7) linear dumbbell stratum (referring to Fig. 3 (d))
If the two large-scale solution cavities of isogony, become linear dumbbell stratum in linear stratum.Since each solution cavity mentions
The energy of confession is different, and the time of pressure response is different, and the depth of caviton is also different, therefore two cavitons will occur in well-test curve.
(8) linear beading stratum (referring to Fig. 3 (e))
If unilateral in linear stratum developed two large-scale solution cavity, become linear beading stratum.Since each solution cavity mentions
The energy of confession is different, and the time of pressure response is different, and the depth of caviton is also different, therefore two cavitons will occur in well-test curve,
It is similar with the pressure response feature on linear dumbbell stratum.
Survey in well test data mainly pressure testing data, driven a well by pressure gauge record or when closing well bottom pressure with
The variation of time obtains one group of pressure versus time data.The double-log relation curve of △ P~t is drawn according to actual measurement well test data, it will
Obtained double logarithmic curve is drawn to be compared with the typical well test curve of all kinds of fractured-vuggy reservoir models shown in Fig. 2,
Select well test model.
In the step s 120, pure well storage section region is selected from double logarithmic curve, is bored using the pure well storage section region interpretation
Meet the volume of solution cavity.
When oil well drives a well stage and rigid closing well, due to the compressibility of fluid itself, all there is afterflow influence, here it is
" well bore storage effect ".Since drive a well or closing well, stage until surface flow rate is identical with shaft bottom yield is all
Referred to as " pure well hole storage stage ", referred to as " pure well storage section ".
Pure well storage section region is selected on measured data double logarithmic curve, utilizes the pressure data and stream in the time zone
Volume compressibility, available well store up coefficient, and can calculate the size bored and meet solution cavity volume.It is specifically chosen pure well storage section
Mode is that the curved section for being 1 using the starting point of double logarithmic curve to slope stores up section as pure well.
Specifically, the definition of coefficient is stored up according to well: leaning on the elastic energy of the fluid in pit shaft completely in the pure well storage effective stage
Amount discharge fluid, then
Δ V=VwbcLΔp (1)
In formula, Vwb--- the apparent volume of pit shaft, m3；
cL--- the compressed coefficient of well fluids, MPa-1；
C --- bottom-hole storage constant, m3/MPa；
Δ V --- the variation of stored up fluid volume, m in pit shaft3；
The variation of Δ p --- wellbore pressure, MPa.
The bottom-hole storage constant C and fluid compressibility c explained by well-test curveL, the view appearance of " pit shaft " can be calculated
Product Vwb, the true volume of pit shaft is subtracted, just obtains boring the volume for meeting solution cavity.For example, C=10m3/ MPa, if oil well is deep
5000m, wellbore radius 0.1m, the compressed coefficient of fluid are cL=10 × 10-4MPa-1, then bore meet solution cavity volume be
9843m3." volume " being calculated is mainly used to analyze oil well and directly bores the solution cavity size of chance, analysis single well controlled reserves and
Later period water injection method engineering parameter is instructed to design.
In step s 130, well test model parameter is inputted, flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP) is simulated at any time by the mathematical model after discretization
Between situation of change, draw pressure curve, semilog plot and double logarithmic curve.
In this step, it needs to input the geologic parameter (Oil Reservoir Types, boundary types, permeability) of well test model and solves calmly
Condition (solution cavity size, distance etc.).As original formation pressure Pi, well store up coefficient C, skin factor S, permeability of formation, solution cavity body
Product Vv etc..As the unknown parameter of resolution well testing, these variables are the final explanation results obtained by well test curve match.So
And numerical well testing needs to predefine the value of all parameters in system itself is a direct problem, so that pressure be calculated
Data and measured data carry out curve fitting.Therefore it needs according to offset wells correlation analysis and these previous empirically determined parameters
Initial value.
In step S140, adjustment input parameter realizes pressure history curve, the semilog plot and double of numerical well testing simulation
The logarithmic curve fitting with pressure the history curve, semilog plot and double logarithmic curve drawn according to measured data respectively is explained
Reservoir geology parameter.Reservoir geology parameter includes for example: the connecting degree of percolating network, the length of seepage channel and permeability,
The volume of cavern and its distance away from testing well.
The step S130 content being related to is specifically described below.
One, founding mathematical models
Corresponding mathematical model is established according to determining well test model.8 geological models of above-mentioned Carbonate Reservoir
Seepage flow has the characteristics that some common, can be composed with the basic Seepage mode of following three: radial flow, linear flow,
Storage tank (cave) stream, as shown in Figure 4.Since oil well scale is smaller, the region around oil well is all radial flow；Ribbon river
The flowing of layer, is all linear flow；Flowing in large-scale solution cavity (cave), since permeability is high, moment can be balanced, therefore be
Storage tank (cave) stream.Circular boundary formation does not have linear flow, and the pressure distribution of discrete media flowing consists of three parts: near shaft bottom
Radial flowing pressure distribution, the distribution of linear flowing pressure and the distribution of cave flowing pressure, as shown in Figure 4.Wherein, the pressure loss of radial flow
It at most, is secondly linear flow, no pressure loss is flowed in cave.
8 kinds of geological models that front is established, only round homogeneous formation can be solved with traditional analytic method,
Remaining geological model is unable to Analytical Solution.In order to solve the problems, such as the well testing of system in Tahe Oilfield discrete media, the present embodiment uses number
Value method is solved.According to the reservoir characteristics and seepage flow characteristics of fracture-pore reservoir, cavern is considered as an inside full of stream
" storage tank " of body, the linear stratum of the strip that seepage flow river is considered as a wide uniform thickness.In oil well production process, solution cavity is made
It is " source " to seepage flow river feed flow, it can also be directly to oil well liquid-supplying (situation that oil well bores chance solution cavity).The present embodiment use from
Numerical well testing research is unfolded, to solve the ground of fracture-pore reservoir in dispersion media model describing reservoir geological model on this basis
Matter parameter interpretation problem.
1, basic assumption
The basic assumption of fracture hole type discrete media well testing mathematical model is as follows:
(1) oil reservoir is monophasic fluid, and flowing meets Darcy's law；
(2) fluid is micro- compressible with rock；
(3) the pressure transient equilibrium in cave；
(4) inner boundary considers the influence of well storage effect, skin factor；
(5) outer boundary includes two kinds of level pressure, closing states.
2, continuity equation
According to mass conservation law, the continuity equation of seepage flow are as follows:
In formula,--- Hamiltonian；
The density of ρ --- fluid, g/cm3；
V --- percolation flow velocity, m/ks；
The porosity of φ --- reservoir rock, f.
3, the equation of motion
Based on Darcy's law, the equation of motion of fluid can be expressed as
In formula, the permeability of k --- reservoir rock, D；
V --- the volume flow of fluid, m in reservoir3/s；
The dynamic viscosity of μ --- fluid, Pas；
P --- strata pressure, MPa.
4, state equation
The pressure-dependent relation equation of the density of fluid can be write as
ρ=ρi[1-cL(pi-p)] (5)
In formula, ρi--- the fluid density under original formation pressure, g/cm3；
pi--- original formation pressure, MPa；
cL--- the compressed coefficient of fluid, MPa-1。
The pressure-dependent relation equation of the porosity of rock can be write as
In formula, φi--- the rock porosity under original formation pressure, f；
cp--- the compressed coefficient of reservoir rock, MPa-1。
5, basis partial differential equation
The equation of motion and state equation are substituted into continuity equation, basis partial differential equation can be obtained after simplifying
In formula, ct--- the total compression coefficient of reservoir, MPa-1, calculation formula is
ct=cL+cp (8)
Formula (7) can be written respectively as the form of radial flow mold, linear flow model and cave (storage tank) flow model.
6, primary condition
Under initial condition, oil reservoir is in static balance state, and strata pressure is original formation pressure, i.e.,
p|T=0=pi (9)
In formula, pi--- original formation pressure, MPa.
7, internal boundary condition
(1) influence of skin factor
Drilling mud intrusion, penetrate out not perfect, pressure break or acidification etc. due to so that there are certain journeys near wellbore
That is, there is an epidermis in the injury of degree, when crude oil flows into pit shaft from oil reservoir, an additional pressure drop can be generated on epidermis,
Referred to as skin effect.This pressure drop zero dimension is obtained into zero dimension additional pressure drop, i.e. skin factor s, is defined with following formula
In formula, h --- formation thickness, m；
Q --- sandface flow rate, m3/s；
pwb--- the strata pressure outside wellbore skin, MPa；
pwf--- flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP), MPa.
There are an additional pressure drops as caused by epidermis between strata pressure outside shaft bottom and wellbore skin:
Define oily well flow index
Substitution formula (10), obtains
Q=J (pwb-pwf) (13)
(2) influence of well bore storage effect
For Pressure drawdown test, flow q in ground after driving a wellsc, sandface flow rate q and well storage coefficient C between there are following
Relationship:
Then
For pressure build-up test, ground flow q after closing wellscIt is 0, there are following between sandface flow rate q and well storage coefficient C
Relationship
8, Outer Boundary Conditions
For numerical well testing, Outer Boundary Conditions only consider two kinds of situations of closed outer boundary and constant pressure outer boundary.
(1) closed outer boundary
(2) constant pressure outer boundary
p|Σ=c (18)
Basis partial differential equation, first side condition together form complete seepage experiment, solve the model and are seeped
The pressure solution of flow problem.Stratum continuous for round homogeneous, can be by Analytical Solution, but fracture hole medium oil pool is discrete Jie
Matter can only could be solved by numerical method.
Two, discrete values model foundation
Fracture-pore reservoir well testing mathematical model is a Definite problem about complicated Nonlinear System of Equations, usually without
Method Analytic Method.It in such cases can only be by means of the method for numerical solution.Discrete media well testing numerical model is built
It is vertical, the well testing mathematical model established exactly is turned into the model that computer capacity solves.
Numerical model is established, is that finite difference system is converted for partial differential equations by discretization first.It will examination
Physical relation in well percolation equationk in differential meaning be approximately expressed as it is limited it is connecting each other, have certain volume and when
Between unit cell cube between physical relation, to carry out numerical value calculating.Finite difference calculus is to be most widely used so far
A kind of discrete method.Its coefficient is linearized after establishing nonlinear difference equation group, then using linear
The method for solving of equation is solved.
The numerical solution of mathematical model is built upon on the basis of mesh generation, the trellis-type ten proposed therefrom
Divide and enrich, to sum up there are following several classes: global orthogonal grid, local cypher grid, radial grid, hybrid grid and angle point net
Lattice etc..For the contradiction of EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS precision and computational efficiency, dynamic window technology and local mesh reflnement technology has been developed.
In short, no matter which kind of grid to carry out subdivision using, will be combined with oneself the problem of being studied, to consider grid block it
Between flowing relation be easy to calculate, can preferably approach flow regime, reflect the actual conditions of oil reservoir well, and have
Very high computational efficiency and computational accuracy.
1, grid system
For the mathematical model that front is established, numerical solution is carried out to it with finite difference calculus.Using under rectangular coordinate system
Block-centered grid system to seepage flow river space carry out it is discrete, i.e., domain is divided into fritter with grid, with the geometry of block
Node of the center as grid, banded seepage flow river are discrete as shown in Figure 5.Grid is radial flow where oil well, needs to use
Radial grid system, as shown in Figure 6.Local radial mesh refinement is suitble to round oil reservoir and lineaer reservoir, in order to simulating nearly well
The radial flow of band and the precision for improving numerical well testing analog result need to add the rectangular mesh progress radial grid where well
It is close.It both can guarantee solving precision in this way, can also greatly reduce the number of grid node.
2, the calculating of conductivity
In order to make numerical value calculate stable convergence, need to be designed the calculation method of conductivity.Fig. 7 is one-dimensional grid system
System, i-th of grid are one large-scale solution cavity.
Flow of the fluid between grid i-1 and i need to be calculated as follows:
Seepage flow cross-sectional area A and viscosity, mu in formula (1) are constant, xi、xi-1To divide reservoir segment labeling, xi-xi-1For section
Point xiWith node xi-1The distance between, pi-1-piFor the pressure difference of grid i and grid i-1, k indicates that conductivity, conductivity indicate
Reservoir from siren different location changes relative influence degree to bottom pressure.The primary variables of conductivity is permeability.Node
Between permeability use middle reaches weight, i.e.,
Similarly
Illustrate fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir discrete values well test analysis of the present invention below with reference to Fig. 8~10
The example of system.As shown in figure 8, the system mainly includes that data input module, WELL TEST INTERPRETATION MODEL module and numerical value calculate mould
Block, main flow successively carry out essential information input as shown in Figure 9, the processing of pressure flow historical data, bore and meet solution cavity volume
The processes such as calculating, well test model are established, numerical value calculates, explanation results output.
1, data input module
Data input module mainly includes essential information input submodule and pressure flow history data input submodule.Substantially
Information input submodule is used to input the required information of well test analysis, and pressure flow history data input submodule is then that input is real
The pressure flow data of survey are used for later period curve matching.
(1) essential information input submodule
Testing well information data is mainly well depth, wellbore radius, formation thickness, formation porosity, fluid viscosity, fluid pressure
Contracting coefficient and stratigraphic compression coefficient.
(2) pressure flow history data input submodule
Flow pressure history data, including pressure, oil production, testing time (well opening time and closed-in time), these data
It will be finally fitted with numerical well testing analog result.
2, WELL TEST INTERPRETATION MODEL module
WELL TEST INTERPRETATION MODEL module mainly includes boring to meet solution cavity volume computational submodule and well test model submodule.It is molten to bore chance
Hole volume computational submodule is then to store up section according to the pure well of the measured data double logarithmic curve of input to explain and bore the body for meeting solution cavity
Product.And well test model submodule is used for parameter interpretation according to the suitable well testing geological model of pressure data Curve selection of actual measurement.
(1) it bores and meets solution cavity volume computational submodule
It bores after meeting the starting of solution cavity volume computational submodule, pure well storage section region is selected on measured data double logarithmic curve,
Using the pressure data and fluid compressibility in the time zone, available well stores up coefficient, and it is molten to calculate brill chance
The size of hole volume.
(2) well test model submodule
This system provides 8 kinds of basic well test models and typical curve, is " round Homogeneous Reservoir " respectively, " round compound
Oil reservoir ", " round list hole oil reservoir ", " linear isotropic oil reservoir ", " linear Composite Reservoir ", " linear list hole oil reservoir ", " linear dumbbell oil
Hiding ", " linear beading oil reservoir ".User compares similar typical curve according to actual measurement double logarithmic curve, thus the suitable examination of selection
Well model carries out parameter interpretation.
Although " linear dumbbell oil reservoir " is similar with the well testing typical curve of " linear beading oil reservoir ", due to two solution cavities with
Connection status between testing well is different, therefore the solution cavity volume that explains of same well test data and apart from difference.Due to
Well test data is more sensitive to the formation parameter of near wellbore zone, and unobvious for responding apart from farther away geologic feature, therefore
It can be explained by being arranged in Outer Boundary Conditions, or adjustment geologic parameter two solution cavities of involvement apart from farther cavern.
From the point of view of the result of software test, the geological model of two caverns has met the needs of well test analysis enough.
Furthermore, it is necessary to input the geologic parameter and definite condition of well test model.Such as original formation pressure Pi, well storage coefficient C,
Skin factor S, permeability of formation, solution cavity volume Vv etc..As the unknown parameter of resolution well testing, these variables are to pass through well testing
The final explanation results that curve matching obtains.However numerical well testing needs to predefine in system itself is a direct problem
The value of all parameters, so that pressure data is calculated and measured data carries out curve fitting.Therefore in " well test model " module,
It needs to analyze the initial value with these previous empirically determined parameters according to offset wells correlation.
According to the geological model that well test model submodule provides, corresponding grid system is established automatically.For round oil
Radial grid simulation well testing process is established in hiding automatically；For lineaer reservoir, one-dimensional rectangle reservoir simulating riverway is established, and automatic
It is encrypted near wellbore zone radial grid.The width for needing to input river herein needs to input the body of solution cavity if there is solution cavity
Product, permeability and distance.
Well testing test data is more sensitive to the formation parameter of near wellbore zone, and traditional based on earthquake, log data
The precision needs of well testing geological model are not able to satisfy according to the geological model of foundation, the tectonic model and ginseng that geological syntheses are explained
The error of number distribution is very big.Therefore, in numerical well testing practical application, comprehensive reference is needed to move static data, foundation meets true
The well testing geological model of real geologic feature.
3, Numerical Simulation Module
Numerical Simulation Module mainly includes numerical value computational submodule and selective flow stage submodule.Numerical value computational submodule
Simulation calculating is carried out according to the well testing geological model of the testing well data of input and selection.And selective flow stage submodule is then
It is the supplementary module of numerical value computational submodule, calculated result is shown as by semilog plot and double right according to the flowing stage of explanation
Number curve carries out the comparison of measured curve and calculated result, by adjusting input model parameter to realize pressure history curve, half
The final fitting of logarithmic curve and double logarithmic curve, and well test analysis result is output in main interface.
(1) numerical value computational submodule
This module specific implementation flow referring to Fig.1 0, which includes two large divisions's function: difference equation coefficient matrix
It is formed and the solution of coefficient matrix calculates.The computing module of difference equation reads in mesh parameter from data file, further according to
Grid data automatically forms coefficient matrix and right-hand-side vector under hybrid grid.The module adds the grid of connection solution cavity automatically
Solution cavity-seepage flow river channelling item carries out the specially treated of skin factor, well storage coefficient to wellbore grid, forms linear equation
Group solves, and finally calculates bottom pressure and changes with time relationship.
(2) selective flow stage submodule
One group of p that selective flow stage submodule simulates numerical well testingwf- t data semilog plot and double right
Number curve shows, to realize the comparative analysis with measured curve.It can wherein select according to actual needs " drop of pressure "
Or the data in " pressure recovery " stage are used as well test analysis.
Compared to resolution well testing, the parameter that numerical well testing needs is more, and model is more complicated, relies on and is searched for based on local neighborhood
Traditional approximating method of method realizes that curve matching is highly difficult.Therefore, the method simulated herein using conventional numeric, according to
Experience manually adjusts analog parameter, finally realizes curve matching, explains geologic parameter.
By pwf- t data draw logp with the following methodwf- log (t) and logp 'wf- log (t) double-log indicatrix.
Pressure fall-off test:
Δ p (i)=pi-pwf(i) (5-2-1)
Press extensive well testing:
Δ p (i)=pws(i)-pws(0) (5-2-3)
Water injection well: the well test analysis of water injection well is identical with producing well, only yield need to be inputted negative value when explanation.
The fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir well test analysis method of the embodiment of the present invention, can be to Carbonate Reservoir test data
It is effectively explained, the reservoir properties such as correct solution cavity for describing Carbonate Reservoir simultaneously explain solution cavity size, away from oil well distance
Deng the oil deposit parameter for more having practical application value, can effectively be identified by the double logarithmic curve diagnosis of practical well-test curve fuel-displaced
The geological model of hiding is more consistent with the production feature of oil reservoir, geological knowledge.Pass through discrete values well test analysis and conventional well testing
Explanation results comparison, the geologic parameter explained with discrete media well test model is more reasonable, has reacted fracture-pore reservoir spy
Some cavern channelling features, explanation results also have more practical application value.
Example:
TK442 well
(1) parameter is inputted
1 TK442 well numerical well testing of table inputs parameter list
(2) explanation results
2 TK442 well Numerical Well Testing Interpretation result table of table
| Parameter name | Numerical value |
| Geological model | Linear list hole |
| Boundary condition | Level pressure+closing |
| Original formation pressure (MPa) | 55.35 |
| Well stores up coefficient (m3/MPa) | 24 |
| Shaft bottom solution cavity volume (m3) | 29840 |
| Skin factor | -5 |
| Reservoir permeability (D) | 2.46 |
| River width (m) | 180 |
| Outer boundary distance (m) | 400 |
| Stratum solution cavity distance (m) | 310 |
| Stratum solution cavity permeability (D) | 8 |
| Stratum solution cavity volume (m3) | 700000 |
3 TK442 well numerical well testing of table and conventional well test analysis explanation results contrast table
Figure 11 (a)~(d) be respectively the pure pit shaft reservoir stage explanation figure of TK442 well, pressure history matched curve figure, half right
Curve fit figure and double logarithmic curve fitted figure.
By taking system in Tahe Oilfield TK442 well pressure restores well test data analysis as an example, from the point of view of measured data log-log graph,
Pressure curve and derivative curve middle and later periods show the parallel lines that apparent slope is 1/2, show apparent linear flow feature,
Therefore the linear flow model in river has been selected to explain.Conventional dual medium well test analysis will not occur 0.5 horizontal line radial flow
The reason of feature, is attributed to abnormal high well storage coefficient, this and flow characteristics of the fracture-pore reservoir based on linear flow are not met；
Conventional well testing can only be by means of dual media in the method for explaining derivative curve appearance " caviton ", and cannot explain and why lead
There is not radial flow feature after there is " caviton " in number curve, falls under the derivative curve later period is obvious, is become according to the well production pressure
The amplitude fallen under change situation and curve, fitting is construed to that there are a caverns, and explains relevant parameter.
The well drilling process shows that shaft bottom there are solution cavity, is gone into operation on August 19th, 2001, so far, tires out and generates production crude oil
6.5 ten thousand tons, 5.3 ten thousand tons of water are produced, shows that underground karst cavity is more developed, is consistent with well test analysis understanding.
It describes to realize in computer systems due to method of the invention.Function as described herein can be implemented as
The program instruction set being stored in non-transitory visible computer readable medium.When implemented in this fashion, the computer
Program includes one group of instruction, and when group instruction is run by computer, it promotes computer to execute the side that can implement above-mentioned function
Method.Programmable logic can be temporarily or permanently mounted in non-transitory visible computer readable medium, such as read-only storage
Device chip, computer storage, disk or other storage mediums.In addition to software come other than realizing, logic as described herein can
Using discrete parts, integrated circuit, with programmable logic device (such as, field programmable gate array (FPGA) or microprocessor)
The programmable logic of combined use, or any other equipment including their any combination embody.All such embodiments
It is intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be understood that disclosed embodiment of this invention is not limited to specific structure disclosed herein, processing step
Or material, and the equivalent substitute for these features that those of ordinary skill in the related art are understood should be extended to.It should also manage
Solution, term as used herein is used only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and is not intended to limit.
While it is disclosed that embodiment content as above but described only to facilitate understanding the present invention and adopting
Embodiment is not intended to limit the invention.Any those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains are not departing from this
Under the premise of the disclosed spirit and scope of invention, any modification and change can be made in the implementing form and in details,
But scope of patent protection of the invention, still should be subject to the scope of the claims as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir discrete values well test analysis method, which is characterized in that the method includes following
Step:
Input actual measurement well test data draws double logarithmic curve according to actual measurement well test data, by compare the double logarithmic curve and
Preset typical case's well test curve determines well test model, and the preset typical well test curve is preset fracture hole type
The corresponding pressure response indicatrix of carbonate rock geological model；
Pure well storage section region is selected from the double logarithmic curve, and the volume for meeting solution cavity is bored using the pure well storage section region interpretation；
Well test model parameter is inputted, flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP) is simulated by numerical model after discretization and is changed with time situation, is drawn
Pressure history curve, semilog plot and double logarithmic curve；
Well test model parameter is adjusted, realizes pressure history curve, semilog plot and the double logarithmic curve and root of numerical well testing simulation
The fitting of pressure history curve, semilog plot and double logarithmic curve that factually measured data is drawn, explains reservoir geology parameter.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein
The preset fracture-cavity type carbonate geological model includes round homogeneous formation, round compound stratum, round single hole
Layer, linear isotropic stratum, linear compound stratum, the linear stratum Dan Dong, linear dumbbell stratum and linear beading stratum.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that
The well test model parameter includes Oil Reservoir Types, boundary types, permeability, solution cavity size and its distance away from well testing.
4. described in any item methods according to claim 1~3, which is characterized in that in input well test model parameter, by discrete
After change numerical model simulation flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP) change with time situation the step of in, further comprise following steps:
Corresponding mathematical model is established according to determining well test model；
Bottom pressure is obtained to mathematical model progress numerical solution by discretization numerical computation method to change with time
Relationship, the discretization numerical computation method is preferably finite difference calculus.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, being counted by finite difference calculus to the mathematical model
It is further discrete to the progress of seepage flow river space using the block-centered grid system under rectangular coordinate system when value solves, and oil well
Place grid is radial grid system.
6. method according to claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that by finite difference calculus to the mathematical model into
When row numerical solution, further the calculation method of conductivity is designed:
Flow q of the fluid between grid i-1 and i is calculated as follows:
Seepage flow cross-sectional area A and viscosity, mu in formula are constant, and the primary variables of conductivity is permeability k, xi-xi-1For node xi
With node xi-1The distance between, pi-1-piFor the pressure difference of grid i and grid i-1, the permeability between node is weighed using middle reaches
Value, i.e.,
Similarly
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein boring the body for meeting solution cavity using the pure well storage section region interpretation
In long-pending step, further,
The bottom-hole storage constant and fluid compressibility obtained using the pure well storage section region interpretation, the view for calculating pit shaft are held
Product, then the true volume of pit shaft is subtracted, it obtains boring the volume for meeting solution cavity.
8. a kind of fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir discrete values well test analysis system, which is characterized in that the system comprises following
Module:
Data input module, input actual measurement well test data；
WELL TEST INTERPRETATION MODEL module draws double logarithmic curve according to actual measurement well test data, by comparing the double logarithmic curve
Well test model is determined with preset typical well test curve, the preset typical well test curve is preset fracture hole
The corresponding pressure response indicatrix of type carbonate rock geological model；And pure well storage section is selected from the double logarithmic curve
The volume for meeting solution cavity is bored in region using the pure well storage section region interpretation；
Numerical Simulation Module receives the well test model parameter of input, simulates flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP) by the numerical model after discretization
Change with time situation, draws pressure history curve, semilog plot and double logarithmic curve；And adjustment well test model parameter,
Realize pressure history curve, semilog plot and the double logarithmic curve of numerical well testing simulation and the pressure history drawn according to measured data
Reservoir geology parameter is explained in the fitting of curve, semilog plot and double logarithmic curve.
9. system according to claim 8, which is characterized in that
The preset fracture-cavity type carbonate geological model includes round homogeneous formation, round compound stratum, round single hole
Layer, linear isotropic stratum, linear compound stratum, the linear stratum Dan Dong, linear dumbbell stratum and linear beading stratum.
10. system according to claim 8 or claim 9, which is characterized in that the WELL TEST INTERPRETATION MODEL module further comprises:
It bores and meets solution cavity volume computational submodule, the bottom-hole storage constant and fluid pressure obtained using the pure well storage section region interpretation
Contracting coefficient, calculates the apparent volume of pit shaft, then subtracts the true volume of pit shaft, obtains boring the volume for meeting solution cavity.
11. system according to any one of claims 8 to 10, which is characterized in that the Numerical Simulation Module includes:
Numerical value computational submodule establishes corresponding mathematical model according to determining well test model, passes through discretization numerical value meter
Calculation method carries out numerical solution to the mathematical model and obtains bottom pressure changing with time relationship, the discretization numerical value meter
Calculation method is preferably finite difference calculus；
The calculated result of numerical value computational submodule is shown as pressing by selective flow stage submodule according to the flowing stage of explanation
Power history curve, semilog plot and double logarithmic curve carry out the comparison of measured curve and calculated result.
12. system according to claim 11, which is characterized in that
The numerical value computational submodule, when carrying out numerical solution to the mathematical model by finite difference calculus, further
It is discrete to the progress of seepage flow river space using the block-centered grid system under rectangular coordinate system, and grid where oil well is radial net
Case system.
13. system according to claim 11 or 12, which is characterized in that the numerical value computational submodule, by having
When limiting calculus of finite differences to mathematical model progress numerical solution, further passes through following expression and calculates conductivity:
Flow q of the fluid between grid i-1 and i is calculated as follows:
Seepage flow cross-sectional area A and viscosity, mu in formula are constant, and the primary variables of conductivity is permeability k, xi-xi-1For node xi
With node xi-1The distance between, pi-1-piFor the pressure difference of grid i and grid i-1, the permeability between node is weighed using middle reaches
Value, i.e.,
Similarly
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