CN109136476A - 一种临界淬火生产800MPa热镀铝锌汽车钢板的方法 - Google Patents

一种临界淬火生产800MPa热镀铝锌汽车钢板的方法 Download PDF

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CN109136476A
CN109136476A CN201811035091.7A CN201811035091A CN109136476A CN 109136476 A CN109136476 A CN 109136476A CN 201811035091 A CN201811035091 A CN 201811035091A CN 109136476 A CN109136476 A CN 109136476A
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景财年
邢兆贺
候玉栋
丁啸云
吕明桦
涂英明
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Shandong Jianzhu University
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种临界保温淬火生产800MPa热镀铝锌汽车板的方法。基板成分按质量百分比计为C：0.08‑0.12％，Mn：1.2‑1.6％，Si：0.8‑1.2％，Al：0.6‑1.0％，Ni：0.2‑0.6％，Cr：0.2‑0.4％，Nb：0.2‑0.4％，V：0.1‑0.3％，B:0.001‑0.002％，P:<0.02％，S<0.01％，余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。将基板完全或部分奥氏体化后淬火至室温。测量相变点，加热进行第一次临界保温后淬火至室温。测量相变点，加热进行第二次临界保温，然后快速转移至铝锌锅内，铝锌液为590‑600℃，进行热镀铝锌，钢板通过时间为60‑300s，最后水淬或空冷至室温。本发明工艺生产的汽车板显微组织为马氏体/贝氏体、铁素体和残余奥氏体，抗拉强度大于800MPa，延伸率大于14％，且具有良好的镀覆性能。本发明退火保温时间较短，工艺简单，成本较低，可在现有连续热镀锌生产线应用。

Description

一种临界淬火生产800MPa热镀铝锌汽车钢板的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车板热处理、热镀铝锌技术领域。特别涉及一种临界保温淬火生产800MPa热镀铝锌汽车板的方法。
背景技术
汽车轻量化是指在保证汽车安全性能情况下降低汽车的整备质量。汽车轻量化对传统燃油汽车、新能源汽车等都具有重要的意义。高强度热镀锌、热镀铝锌等汽车钢在汽车工业上具有广阔的应用前景。
热镀铝锌钢板使用对钢坯进行热轧或冷轧而得到的薄钢板作为母材。为了保证钢板的强度、塑性等力学性能，热镀铝锌高强钢板的母材Si、Mn元素含量较高。专利CN104204266 A提出了高强度热镀锌钢板的制造方法以及高强度热镀锌钢板，制造在以质量百分比计含有C：0.03-0.35％、Si：0.01-0.50％、Mn：3.6-8.0％、Al：0.001-1.000％、P≤0.10％、S≤0.010％，且余量由Fe和不可避免的杂质构成的高强度热镀锌钢板。该发明在连续式热镀锌设备中对钢板实施退火和热镀锌处理，退火炉内的钢板最高温度为600℃以上且750℃以下。该钢板属于中锰钢的范畴，对于低碳硅锰钢，为保证较高力学性能，Si的含量较高，仍然会对涂覆性能产生影响。
第三代高强钢中，残余奥氏体是一种极具潜力的显微组织。利用C、Mn、Cu、Cr等元素配分可以增加奥氏体的稳定性，从而在室温下获得具有一部分残余奥氏体组织奥氏体逆转变是指通过淬火形成马氏体或不完全马氏体组织的前驱体，然后重新加热到进行两相区的退火，奥氏体重新形成，C、Mn等合金元素在奥氏体的重新富集，最后淬火或空冷至室温，最终得到在室温下稳定存在残余奥氏体及其他复相组织。中国专利CN 102925809 A提出了一种同时获得逆转奥氏体和纳米析出的低合金钢的制备方法，该发明选择成分为：C：0.06～0.20％，Mn：1.0～3.5％，Si：0.5～1.5％，Al：0.5～1.5％，Nb：0.02～0.10％，Cu：0.5～1.50％，Ni：0.5～1.50％，Mo：0.10～0.30％,余量为Fe的合金钢。提出一种在同时获得残余奥氏体和纳米尺度析出物的低合金钢的成分设计及热处理工艺。钢材冶炼、轧制成板材，然后将钢板重新加热到AC1-AC3双相区温度等温10-60min后空冷或淬火，再加热到AC1'-AC3，双相区回火15-60min后空冷或淬火,获得由铁素体、回火贝氏体/马氏体、新贝氏体/马氏体及残余奥氏体的多相组织，同时得到大量纳米尺度的析出物，使得钢板具有高强高塑高韧的特征。但是该发明两次双相区的保温时间较长。
发明内容
为了得到具有强度高、塑性好，良镀覆性能优良，且成本较低的低碳硅锰热镀铝锌汽车板，本发明提供一种临界淬火生产800MPa级热镀铝锌汽车钢板的方法。基板成分按质量百分比计，为C：0.08-0.12％，Mn：1.2-1.6％，Si：0.8-1.2％，Al：0.6-1.0％，Ni：0.2-0.6％，Cr：0.2-0.4％，Nb：0.2-0.4％，V：0.1-0.3％，B:0.001-0.002％，P:&lt;0.02％，S&lt;0.01％，余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。基板厚度为1.0-1.5mm。将基板完全或部分奥氏体化后，淬火至室温，通过热膨胀仪测量第一次淬火后奥氏体转变开始温度，记作AC1-1，快速加热至AC1-1以上10-20℃，进行第一次临界保温，然后淬火至室温，通过热膨胀仪测量第二次淬火后的奥氏体转变开始温度，记作AC1-2，并进行酸洗去除氧化皮。然后进行第二次临界保温，在氧化性气氛中控制炉内露点-30℃与-50℃之间，保温温度为AC1-2以上10-20℃，然后进行热镀锌，最后水淬至室温。
本发明具体制备工艺包括以下步骤：
(1)完全或部分奥氏体化淬火，将钢板进行完全或者部分奥氏体化，加热至AC3以上10-20℃保温3-5min，或者加热至AC1以上10-20℃保温5-10min，然后淬火至室温。根据标准YB T5127-1993《钢的临界点测定方法(膨胀法)》，采用TA仪器热膨胀相变仪DIL 805，对淬火后钢板奥氏体转变开始温度进行测定，记作AC1-1。
(2)第一次临界保温淬火，加热至AC1-1以上10-20℃，保温5-10min，对淬火后钢板奥氏体转变开始温度进行测定，记作AC1-2。
(3)酸洗，将钢板酸洗，去除氧化皮。
(4)第二次临界保温，加热至AC1-2以上10-20℃，在氧化性气氛中控制炉内露点-30℃与-50℃之间，保温3-7min。
(5)热浸镀铝锌，快速转移至铝锌锅中，镀液温度为590-600℃，保温60-300s，完成热镀铝锌。
(6)淬火或空冷至室温。
本发明的有益效果为：
将高强钢热处理工艺与热镀铝锌工艺相结合，通过多次临界淬火或者完全奥氏体化淬火后临界淬火，由于元素富集而降低相变点，通过钢板母材成分及热处理工艺参数的选择，使在最后一次临界保温时达到热镀铝锌温度，从而得到得到的显微组织为马氏体、铁素体和残余奥氏体，残余奥氏体含量为5％-8％，具有良好强度塑性搭配的800MPa热镀铝锌汽车钢板，且具有良好的镀覆性能。热处理过程中，退火保温时间较短，工艺简单，成本较低。本发明可在现有连续热镀锌生产线上得到应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明热处理及热镀铝锌工艺图。
图2为实施例1显微组织。
图3为实施例2显微组织。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例与附图对本发明进行进一步说明。
实施例1
选用冷轧低碳硅锰钢板，其厚度为1.5mm。成分按质量百分比计为C：0.11％，Mn：1.23％，Si：1.16％，Al：0.80％，Ni：0.40％，Cr：0.30％，Nb：0.30％，V：0.20％，B:0.001％，余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。将基板加热至910℃，保温5min，进行完全奥氏体化后，淬火至室温。根据标准YB T5127-1993《钢的临界点测定方法(膨胀法)》，采用TA仪器热膨胀相变仪DIL 805，对淬火后钢板奥氏体转变开始温度进行测定，测量第一次淬火后奥氏体转变开始温度为742℃，快速加热至760℃，保温7min，进行第一次临界保温，淬火至室温。通过热膨胀仪测量第二次淬火后的奥氏体转变开始温度为589℃，并进行酸洗去除氧化皮。进行第二次临界保温，在氧化性气氛中控制炉内露点-30℃与-50℃之间，保温温度为600℃，保温时间为4min。然后进行热镀铝锌，铝锌锅温度为595℃，钢板通过时间为120s，最后水淬至室温。实施例1镀铝锌钢板的显微组织如图2所示，为马氏体/贝氏体、铁素体和残余奥氏体，残余奥氏体含量为7.2％，抗拉强度为820MPa，断后延伸率15.2％。
实施例2
选用冷轧低碳硅锰钢板，其厚度为1.5mm。成分按质量百分比计为成分按质量百分比计为C：0.11％，Mn：1.23％，Si：1.16％，Al：0.80％，Ni：0.40％，Cr：0.30％，Nb：0.30％，V：0.20％，B:0.001％，余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。将基板加热至780℃，保温10min，进行部分奥氏体化，淬火至室温，通过热膨胀仪测量第一次淬火后奥氏体转变开始温度为751℃，快速加热至765℃，保温10min，进行第一次临界保温，然后淬火至室温，通过热膨胀仪测量第二次淬火后的奥氏体转变开始温度为593℃，在氧化性气氛中控制炉内露点-30℃与-50℃之间，进行第二次临界保温，保温温度为605℃,保温时间为5min。然后进行热镀铝锌，铝锌锅温度为595℃，钢板通过时间为100s，最后水淬至室温。实施例2镀铝锌钢板的显微组织如图3所示，为马氏体/贝氏体、铁素体和残余奥氏体，残余奥氏体含量为6.8％，抗拉强度为840MPa，断后延伸率14.7％。

Claims (6)

1.一种临界保温淬火生产800MPa热镀铝锌汽车板的方法，其特征在于选用具有较高Si、Mn含量的冷轧低碳硅锰薄钢作为基板，通过完全或部分奥氏体化，淬火至室温，通过热膨胀仪测量第一次淬火后奥氏体转变开始温度，记作AC1-1，临界保温后淬火至室温，通过热膨胀仪测量第二次淬火后的奥氏体转变开始温度，记作AC1-2，并进行酸洗去除氧化皮，然后进行第二次临界保温，快速转移至铝锌锅中，进行热镀锌，最后空冷或淬火至室温。
2.要求1所述的具有较高Si、Mn含量的冷轧低碳硅锰薄钢板，其成分按质量百分比计C：0.08-0.12％，Mn：1.2-1.6％，Si：0.8-1.2％，Al：0.6-1.0％，Ni：0.2-0.6％，Cr：0.2-0.4％，Nb：0.2-0.4％，V：0.1-0.3％，B:0.001-0.002％，P:&lt;0.02％，S&lt;0.01％，余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质，厚度为1.0-1.5mm。
3.权利要求1所述的完全奥氏体化，其温度及保温时间选择为AC3以上20-30℃，保温3-5min，所述的部分奥氏体化，其温度及保温时间选择为AC1以上10-20℃保温5-10min。
4.权利要求1所述的第一次临界保温，其温度及保温时间选择为AC1-1以上10-20℃，保温5-10min。
5.权利要求1所述的第二次临界保温，其温度及保温时间选择为AC1-2以上10-20℃，保温3-7min。
6.权利要求1所述的热镀锌，铝锌溶液的温度为590-600℃，热镀铝锌钢板通过时间为60-300s。
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