CN109131947A - A kind of hypervelocity impact shield and method - Google Patents
A kind of hypervelocity impact shield and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109131947A CN109131947A CN201810934367.9A CN201810934367A CN109131947A CN 109131947 A CN109131947 A CN 109131947A CN 201810934367 A CN201810934367 A CN 201810934367A CN 109131947 A CN109131947 A CN 109131947A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 241001536563 Panus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 quality Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/52—Protection, safety or emergency devices; Survival aids
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Critical Care (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of hypervelocity impact shield and methods, wherein protective device includes safeguard structure and high voltage power supply, one feeder ear of high voltage power supply is connected by the foreboard of cable and safeguard structure, another feeder ear of high voltage power supply is connected by the rear wall of cable and safeguard structure；Means of defence is monitoring come after attacking object, while starting high voltage power supply, so as to hit panus that foreboard is formed when moving to close to wall after described to attack object, current discharge formation electric arc is generated between rear wall, is damaged to panus.The present invention increases high voltage power supply to safeguard structure and applies high voltage, can reduce panus to the impact damage of rear wall on the basis of existing safeguard structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to spacecraft shield technical field more particularly to a kind of hypervelocity impact shield and methods.
Background technique
Whipple structure is basic structure used in the protection of spacecraft hypervelocity impact, and generally comprising two layers has one
The aluminium sheet of fixed spacing, wherein first layer aluminium sheet is known as foreboard or damping screen, and wall after second layer aluminium sheet is known as is equivalent to bulkhead.Its
Basic preventing principle is to make, formation panus sufficiently broken to attack object with to attack the shock of object using foreboard；Panus after
Continuous to travel forward, the kinetic energy carried is sufficiently spread during leaping two layers of aluminium sheet spacing, is discharged, then after wall again
Panus after diffusion is stopped, Whipple structure can prevent or weaken space from attacking object caused by spacecraft
Damage.
Currently, having developed a variety of safeguard structures in Whipple structure basis, they substantially pass through improvement protective materials
Performance promotes protective capacities, such as using density gradient thin plate, be preferably filled with layer and use filled type foamed aluminium safeguard structure, this
The protection effect of a little safeguard structures is limited to the performances such as the intensity, toughness of material, density.Usually by increase material thickness or
The number of plies is filled to improve protective capacities, but increases material thickness or fills the number of plies and will affect the quality of safeguard structure, and lead to mesh
Mark the increase of load cost.
Therefore, against the above deficiency, it is desirable to provide a kind of impact protective structure of new approaches makes it particularly suitable for small
The occasions such as ultrahigh speed (speed is not less than 3km/s) crash of size (below Centimeter Level) object, such as spacecraft shield space
Fragment impact scenarios etc..
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that the safeguard structure for existing hypervelocity impact passes through increase material
Thickness fills the number of plies to improve protective performance, will affect the quality of safeguard structure entirety, and lead to the defect of increased costs, mentions
For a kind of hypervelocity impact shield and method.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of hypervelocity impact shields, comprising: safeguard structure
And high voltage power supply,
One feeder ear of high voltage power supply is connected by the foreboard of cable and safeguard structure, another power supply of high voltage power supply
End is connected by the rear wall of cable and safeguard structure.
Further include power source starting apparatus in hypervelocity impact shield according to the present invention, comes for detecting
The signal of object appearance is attacked, to start high voltage power supply simultaneously.
In hypervelocity impact shield according to the present invention, the safeguard structure includes Whipple structure.
In hypervelocity impact shield according to the present invention, the safeguard structure includes the hardened structure of multilayer aluminum.
In hypervelocity impact shield according to the present invention, the safeguard structure includes filled type Whipple
Structure.
In hypervelocity impact shield according to the present invention, the foreboard is arrived at a distance from rear wall for 80mm
120mm。
In hypervelocity impact shield according to the present invention, the foreboard is 100mm at a distance from rear wall.
In hypervelocity impact shield according to the present invention, the high voltage power supply is high-voltage energy storage capacitor；
The capacitance C of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor is determined by following formula:
C=2E/U2,
Wherein, E indicates preset capacitive energy storage, unit J；U indicates capacitive energy storage voltage, unit V；
When the panus to attack object generation is melted by arc discharge, capacitive energy storage E is melting capacity Eλ:
Eλ=mC Δ T+m λ,
Wherein m indicates panus quality；C indicates to attack the specific heat capacity of object, Δ T indicate attack object Current Temperatures with it is molten
Temperature difference is solved, λ is the heat of solution to attack object；
Or when the panus to attack object generation is evaporated by arc discharge, capacitive energy storage E is evaporation energy Eh:
Eh=mC Δ T+m λ+mh,
Wherein, h is the heat of evaporation to attack object.
The present invention also provides a kind of hypervelocity impact means of defences, anti-based on hypervelocity impact described in any of the above embodiments
Protection unit realizes that the means of defence includes,
It is monitoring come after attacking object, while starting high voltage power supply, so as to hit the panus that foreboard is formed to attack object
When moving to close to wall after described, current discharge is generated between rear wall and forms electric arc, panus is damaged.
In hypervelocity impact means of defence according to the present invention, the foreboard is arrived at a distance from rear wall for 80mm
120mm。
Implement hypervelocity impact shield and means of defence of the invention, has the advantages that the present invention existing
On the basis of having safeguard structure, high voltage power supply is increased to safeguard structure and applies high voltage, when the foreboard of safeguard structure is attacked
After object hypervelocity impact, the panus of a large amount of minute fragments composition is generated, wall after panus is moved to close to safeguard structure
When, heavy-current discharge can be generated between panus and rear wall, be large current discharge the electric arc of generation by fragment carry out ablation,
The effects of melting and gasification, panus structural form is caused further to destroy, reduces the panus struck on rear wall
Quantity and Impact energy improve protective performance to reduce panus to the impact damage of rear wall, realize protection space flight
The purpose of device.
The present invention, which breaches in existing method, improves the limitation of safeguard structure protective capacities by changing the material of material,
Weaken hypervelocity impact using heavy current to damage, supports the development of novel ultra-high-speed crash technology.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the illustrative diagram of hypervelocity impact shield according to the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the illustrative diagram that hypervelocity impact shield according to the present invention discharges heavy current.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill people
Member's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Specific embodiment one, as shown in connection with fig. 1, the first aspect of the present invention provide a kind of hypervelocity impact protection
Device, comprising:
One feeder ear of safeguard structure and high voltage power supply 3, high voltage power supply 3 is connected by the foreboard 1 of cable 4 and safeguard structure
It connects, another feeder ear of high voltage power supply 3 is connect by cable 4 with the rear wall 2 of safeguard structure.
Safeguard structure in present embodiment can be safeguard structure used in existing spacecraft shield, this kind of protection knot
Structure generally includes two layers of aluminium sheet, wherein one layer of aluminium sheet is as foreboard, another layer of aluminium sheet is as rear wall.Foreboard is as confrontation to attack object
The first barrier of body, the two form panus after mutually hitting, and wall movement backward are further continued for, since foreboard and rear wall are separately connected
One feeder ear of high voltage power supply 3, therefore, foreboard 1 with attack panus that object is collectively formed when close to rear wall 2, can produce
It gives birth to electrical breakdown and generates heavy current and discharge to form electric arc, destroy panus.It is this on the basis of existing safeguard structure, pass through forceful electric power
Electricity is banished to weaken and hit, protects the mode of spacecraft, protective performance is hardly by performances such as protective structure material intensity, toughnesses
Limitation.
Further, for the safety that ensuring equipment uses, the protective device in idle state high voltage power supply 3 with
Safeguard structure can be in off-state, i.e. high voltage power supply 3 may be at closed state.Therefore, power source starting apparatus can be set,
The signal that object appearance is attacked for detecting, such as is judged by infrared signal, to attack object appearance detecting
When signal, while starting high voltage power supply, makes to connect high voltage power supply immediately to attack object with before foreboard shock, make panus with after
Current discharge can be formed between wall and generates electric arc.
As an example, the safeguard structure can be Whipple structure.
As an example, the safeguard structure can be the hardened structure of multilayer aluminum.
As an example, the safeguard structure can be filled type Whipple structure.
Above-mentioned three kinds of safeguard structures are the examples of existing typical safeguard structure, can load high electricity between two layers of aluminium sheet
Pressure.As shown in connection with fig. 1, safeguard structure is the Whipple structure of typical protection hypervelocity impact, by high voltage power supply 3 to it
Carry out high voltage designing load.Between the first layer aluminium sheet and second layer aluminium sheet of Whipple structure, with high-tension cable 4 and height
Voltage source 3 is attached, that is, has achieved the purpose that load high voltage in safeguard structure.
For Whipple structure, electric arc is applied between foreboard and rear wall, can generate destruction to most panus
Effect, but foreboard and rear wall is required to maintain a certain distance (as being not less than 50mnm), to guarantee in the case where no panus not
Arc through occurs；
Structure hardened for multilayer aluminum, electric arc are applied between last two-ply, and also require that has centainly between this two-ply
Distance (as be not less than 50mnm), to guarantee that arc through does not occur in the case where no panus；
For filled type Whipple structure, electric arc is applied between foreboard and rear wall, mainly to the fragment for passing through filled layer
Destruction is generated, but since currently used filled layer is generally non-conducting material, the distance between foreboard and rear wall
Appropriate shorten will not generate arc discharge in the case where no panus.
The safeguard structure of above-mentioned three types theoretically (can be especially in panus center to most of panus
Region, kinetic energy it is biggish, to rear wall hit caused by damage most serious partial piece) generate arc erosion destroy, thus
Reduction even is eliminated panus and causes to damage to the shock of rear wall.
As an example, the foreboard can be 80mm to 120mm at a distance from rear wall.
Foreboard is preferably generally 100mm at a distance from rear wall, can also use 80mm or 120mm etc..Based on foreboard with
Electrical breakdown consideration does not occur in the case where no panus for wall afterwards, suggests being not less than 50mm in the case where the filling of naked layer,
Can also further it be shortened according to insulation effect in the case where there is insulating layer filling.Apart from too small drawback be two-ply it
Between insulativity it is inadequate, the risk for making also to generate arc discharge when not formed panus between two-ply increases；Then can apart from excessive
Make panus excess diffusion, the mutual distance of fragment widens, it is difficult to form the chain discharge process of electric arc.In addition it is gone back apart from excessive
Safeguard structure volume will be caused excessive, this will cause dramatically increasing for cost for space equipment.Therefore, foreboard and rear wall
Distance can at most be selected between 50mm-120mm.
Further, the high voltage power supply can be high-voltage energy storage capacitor.
For the high-voltage energy storage capacitor, parameter designing is mainly determined by storage energy demand, at the same require compared with
High voltage ability, to meet the purpose for generating arc discharge.Such as not less than 5000J, voltage pressure resistance is not when requiring capacitive energy storage
When lower than 10kV, according to capacitive energy storage formula:
E=CU2/2
Wherein, E indicates capacitive energy storage, unit J；C indicates capacitance, unit F；U indicates capacitive energy storage voltage, unit
For V.
Capacitance, which can be calculated, should be not less than 0.1mF.
When the panus to attack object generation is melted by arc discharge, capacitive energy storage E is melting capacity Eλ:
Eλ=mC Δ T+m λ,
Wherein m indicates panus quality；C indicates to attack the specific heat capacity of object, Δ T indicate attack object Current Temperatures with it is molten
Temperature difference is solved, λ is the heat of solution to attack object；
Or when the panus to attack object generation is evaporated by arc discharge, capacitive energy storage E is evaporation energy Eh:
Eh=mC Δ T+m λ+mh,
Wherein, h is the heat of evaporation to attack object.
The parameter of high voltage power supply is chosen and attacks object materials, quality, and material, thickness and the electric arc of safeguard structure are put
The correlations such as electro ultrafiltration efficiency.In the case where not considering arc discharge functioning efficiency, above-mentioned melting capacity or evaporation energy can be used
The formula of amount estimates capacitive energy storage E, that is to say, that in actual use, calculates the melting capacity E λ or evaporation energy of acquisition
Measuring Eh can be approximation:
Eλ≈ mC Δ T+m λ,
Eh≈mCΔT+mλ+mh。
Melting capacity EλIndicate energy needed for melting whole panus using arc discharge, evaporation energy EhIt indicates
Energy needed for evaporating whole panus using arc discharge.If being all aluminium, Δ T to attack the material of object and safeguard structure
About 630C0；C is about 0.88 × 103J/(kg·℃)；λ is about 3.98 × 105J/kg；H is about 1.05 × 107J/kg.Citing
Illustrate, Tathagata attacks the aluminium ball that object is diameter 5mm, hits the aluminium sheet with a thickness of 1mm, according to the panus gross mass for hitting generation
(quality of aluminium ball quality and the breakdown generation of aluminium sheet) and the specific heat capacity of aluminium, the heat of evaporation of the heat of fusion of aluminium and aluminium, according to upper
Energy needed for formula can estimate the whole panus of fusing is about 190J, and evaporation energy is about 2290J.
The selection of voltage value is related with rear wall spacing, generation distribution situation, even vacuum environment etc. of panus to foreboard,
Relation factor is relatively more, and the freedom degree of selection is bigger.According to it is demonstrated experimentally that voltage range of choice is generally 5kV-15kV.Such as
Fruit voltage is too high excessively high to high voltage power supply, the requirement of the insulation costs of safeguard structure, too low, is unfavorable for arc discharge.
Specific embodiment two, another aspect of the present invention additionally provide a kind of hypervelocity impact means of defence, are based on institute
The hypervelocity impact shield stated realizes, the means of defence includes,
It is monitoring come after attacking object, instantaneous starting high voltage power supply, so as to hit the panus that foreboard is formed to attack object
When moving to close to wall after described, heavy-current discharge is generated between rear wall and forms electric arc, panus is damaged.
The safeguard structure by high voltage power supply 3 power release heavy current signal as shown in Fig. 2, hypervelocity flight come
It attacks object and foreboard 1 hits and generates panus 5, panus 5 moves forward, a certain appropriate location before reaching back plate,
High pressure arc discharge can be automatically generated between back plate 2 and forms heavy current 6, then the reaction of panus is subtracted by high current
The weak damage for even being eliminated wall after panus is hit.Theoretically, smaller in effect energy, lower than all panus gasification energy
When amount, electric current is only capable of causing ablation, melting etc. to influence in partial piece cloud；It is more than all panus if it is sufficiently high to act on energy
Gasification energy will cause to gasify to whole panus, such case, just adequately achieve anticollision protection to spacecraft.
High voltage power supply as described herein is often referred to the power supply that supply voltage is not less than 10kV.
As an example, the foreboard can be 80mm to 120mm at a distance from rear wall.
Foreboard is preferably generally 100mm at a distance from rear wall, can also use 80mm or 120mm etc..Based on foreboard with
Electrical breakdown consideration does not occur in the case where no panus for wall afterwards, suggests being not less than 50mm in the case where the filling of naked layer,
Can also further it be shortened according to insulation effect in the case where there is insulating layer filling.Apart from too small drawback be two-ply it
Between insulativity it is inadequate, the risk for making also to generate arc discharge when not formed panus between two-ply increases；Then can apart from excessive
Make panus excess diffusion, the mutual distance of fragment widens, it is difficult to form the chain discharge process of electric arc.In addition it is gone back apart from excessive
Safeguard structure volume will be caused excessive, this will cause dramatically increasing for cost for space equipment.Therefore, foreboard and rear wall
Distance can at most be selected between 50mm-120mm.
Anticollision damage effect evaluation to the protective device:
Under normal circumstances, panus is hit with wall after safeguard structure, and no bulge, bulge, perforation can be caused to rear wall even
The damage of the different modes such as tearing, the damage results of different mode represent the different protection effect of safeguard structure, protection effect
General Judging standard from high to low is no bulge > bulge > perforation > tearing；Under identical damage mode, the differentiation of protection effect
Standard is that lesion size is bigger, and protective performance is lower.Using this discrimination standard, have to existing safeguard structure with the present invention
The protective device of heavy current effect is compareed, and by panus to the degree of impairment of rear wall, can be commented protection effect
Valence.
In conclusion the present invention is suitable for small size (below Centimeter Level) object hypervelocity impact, (speed is not less than 3km/
S) occasions such as protection, such as the occasion of spacecraft shield impact from space debris.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still may be used
To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；
And these are modified or replaceed, technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution spirit and
Range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of hypervelocity impact shield, characterized by comprising:
Safeguard structure and high voltage power supply,
One feeder ear of high voltage power supply is connected by the foreboard of cable and safeguard structure, another feeder ear of high voltage power supply is logical
The rear wall for crossing cable and safeguard structure connects.
2. hypervelocity impact shield according to claim 1, it is characterised in that further include:
Power source starting apparatus attacks the signal of object appearance for detecting, to start high voltage power supply simultaneously.
3. hypervelocity impact shield according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:
The safeguard structure includes Whipple structure.
4. hypervelocity impact shield according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:
The safeguard structure includes the hardened structure of multilayer aluminum.
5. hypervelocity impact shield according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:
The safeguard structure includes filled type Whipple structure.
6. hypervelocity impact shield according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:
The foreboard is 80mm to 120mm at a distance from rear wall.
7. hypervelocity impact shield according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:
The foreboard is 100mm at a distance from rear wall.
8. hypervelocity impact shield according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:
The high voltage power supply is high-voltage energy storage capacitor；
The capacitance C of the high-voltage energy storage capacitor is determined by following formula:
C=2E/U2,
Wherein, E indicates preset capacitive energy storage, unit J；U indicates capacitive energy storage voltage, unit V；
When the panus to attack object generation is melted by arc discharge, capacitive energy storage E is melting capacity Eλ:
Eλ=mC Δ T+m λ,
Wherein m indicates panus quality；C indicates to attack the specific heat capacity of object, and Δ T indicates to attack object Current Temperatures and dissolution temperature
The difference of degree, λ is the heat of solution to attack object；
Or when the panus to attack object generation is evaporated by arc discharge, capacitive energy storage E is evaporation energy Eh:
Eh=mC Δ T+m λ+mh,
Wherein, h is the heat of evaporation to attack object.
9. a kind of hypervelocity impact means of defence, it is characterised in that: be based on ultrahigh speed described in any item of the claim 1 to 8
Crash device realizes that the means of defence includes,
It is monitoring come after attacking object, while starting high voltage power supply, transported so as to hit the panus that foreboard is formed attacking object
It moves close to when wall, generating current discharge between rear wall and form electric arc, damaged to panus after described.
10. hypervelocity impact means of defence according to claim 9, it is characterised in that:
The foreboard is 80mm to 120mm at a distance from rear wall.
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| CN201810934367.9A CN109131947B (en) | 2018-08-16 | 2018-08-16 | Ultra-high-speed impact protection device and method |
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| CN109131947B (en) | 2020-04-14 |
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