CN109123867B - Craniocerebral safety helmet and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Craniocerebral safety helmet and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109123867B CN109123867B CN201810998253.0A CN201810998253A CN109123867B CN 109123867 B CN109123867 B CN 109123867B CN 201810998253 A CN201810998253 A CN 201810998253A CN 109123867 B CN109123867 B CN 109123867B
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- craniocerebral
- helmet
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- helmet body
- safety
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A42—HEADWEAR
- A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
- A42B1/00—Hats; Caps; Hoods
- A42B1/008—Hats; Caps; Hoods with means for heating or cooling
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A42—HEADWEAR
- A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
- A42B1/00—Hats; Caps; Hoods
- A42B1/22—Hats; Caps; Hoods adjustable in size ; Form-fitting or self adjusting head coverings; Devices for reducing hat size
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
- A61F2007/0001—Body part
- A61F2007/0002—Head or parts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
- A61F2007/0086—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body with a thermostat
Abstract
The invention discloses a craniocerebral safety helmet and a preparation method thereof, and the craniocerebral safety helmet comprises a helmet body, wherein the shape of the helmet body is matched with the shape of the craniocerebral of a patient, an inner film layer is arranged in the helmet body, the helmet body is hermetically connected with the lower edge of the inner film layer, an air hole connecting piece is arranged on the helmet body at a position corresponding to a pressure reduction window of the patient, and the air hole connecting piece is communicated with the helmet body and the inner film layer. The helmet is provided with the helmet body matched with the skull of a patient, and for the patient with the collapsed or expanded brain tissue, the rehabilitation of the collapsed brain tissue of the patient or the protection of the expanded brain tissue of the patient is realized through the negative pressure operation on the helmet body and the structural tightness of the helmet body, and meanwhile, the continuous expansion of the brain tissue is limited, so that the brain tissue is protected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of craniocerebral protection, in particular to a craniocerebral safety helmet and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Intracranial pressure, i.e. the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid in the cranial cavity, is also known as cerebral pressure. Since the cerebrospinal fluid present in the subarachnoid and intracisternal spaces is between the wall of the cranial cavity and the brain tissue and is communicated between the ventricles and the subarachnoid spaces in the spinal cavity, the hydrostatic pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid can represent the intracranial pressure, usually the pressure of the cranial spinal fluid in the lateral decubitus position. Maintaining normal intracranial pressure has an important role in the vital signs of the human body.
Encephalic content increase: such as increased brain tissue volume (encephaledema, etc.), increased cerebrospinal fluid (hydrocephalus, etc.), intracranial space occupying lesion: such as hematoma, tumor, abscess, etc., narrow cranial cavity: for example, intracranial pressure abnormalities are caused by craniocerebral stenosis and craniofacial entrapment, and therefore, it is necessary to reduce the intracranial pressure by opening a decompression window through craniocerebral surgery. However, in the process of reducing intracranial pressure by opening the decompression window in the craniocerebral operation, the brain tissue at the decompression window may collapse and bulge, and the existing protective cap for protecting the brain tissue can only prevent the bulge of the brain tissue, but cannot realize that the same protective cap can not restore the collapse of the brain tissue and prevent the bulge of the brain tissue.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome at least one defect in the prior art, and provides a craniocerebral safety helmet which can effectively protect brain tissues when the brain tissues of a patient collapse or bulge.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a personalized craniocerebral safety helmet comprises a helmet body, wherein the shape of the helmet body is matched with the shape of the craniocerebral of a patient, an inner film layer is arranged in the helmet body, the helmet body is hermetically connected with the lower edge of the inner film layer, an air hole connecting piece is arranged on the helmet body at a position corresponding to a pressure reduction window of the patient, and the air hole connecting piece is communicated with the helmet body and the inner film layer.
In the invention, the shape of the cap body is matched with the shape of the cranium, when the brain tissue of a patient collapses or bulges, the brain tissue of the patient is protected by combining the cap body and the head of the patient, and the brain tissue is prevented from being injured. The cap body is internally provided with an inner film layer, the lower edge of the inner film layer is hermetically connected with the cap body, and the head of a patient is protected by matching the cap body with the inner film layer to prevent the brain tissue from bulging; in the invention, in order to protect the brain tissue, the cap body is usually made of hard material, when the brain tissue bulges, the inner film layer is arranged in the cap body to prevent the skin flap of the pressure reduction window from directly colliding with the cap body to generate damage; the position of the cap body corresponding to the decompression window of the patient is provided with an air hole connecting piece which is communicated with the cap body and the inner film layer and is connected with the negative pressure suction apparatus through the air hole connecting piece to realize the recovery of the collapsed brain tissue; in addition, the air hole connecting piece has the ventilation and circulation effects, and the environment inside the cap body can be adjusted through the air hole connecting piece.
Preferably, a gap is arranged between the cap body and the intima layer, so that the buffer effect is achieved, and the brain tissue skin flap is prevented from contacting the cap body made of the hard material when the brain tissue bulges; preferably, a pressure sensing device is arranged in the gap. When negative pressure suction is carried out, in order to prevent the brain tissue from bulging due to excessive suction, a pressure sensing device is arranged between the cap body and the intima layer to monitor the pressure between the intima layer and the skin flap of the decompression window, and an operator can control the start and stop of the negative pressure suction operation according to the pressure value to prevent the brain tissue from bulging due to excessive suction. Meanwhile, when the brain tissue of the patient swells, the brain tissue swells and extrudes the intima layer, the intima layer triggers the pressure sensing device, and the pressure sensing device gives an alarm to monitor the swelling of the brain tissue.
Preferably, the border of the cap body is provided with a transition structure matched with the head of the patient, and the transition structure is provided with a protective surface contacted with the head of the patient. The edge of the cap body is provided with a transition structure, the transition structure is provided with a protective surface which is in contact with the skin of a patient, and when the cap body is combined with the head of the patient, the protective surface can effectively prevent the edge of the cap body from damaging the head of the patient. When the patient needs to carry out negative pressure suction operation, the lower edge of the outer side of the cap body can be wound by a medical film for a circle to be sealed in a sealing way, so that a sealing space is formed between the craniocerebral safety cap and the head of the patient, and negative pressure suction is carried out.
Preferably, the intima layer outwards extends for the cap body border and forms the bulge, and the bulge inlays and is equipped with the elastic component for adjust the laminating degree of bulge and patient's cranium brain. When the patient performs negative pressure suction operation, the regulating bulge is closely attached to the head of the patient, so that a closed space is formed between the craniocerebral helmet and the head of the patient, and the craniocerebral helmet is connected with a negative pressure suction apparatus through an air hole connecting piece to perform negative pressure suction; when the patient needs to take off or put on the craniocerebral safety helmet, the elastic piece can be completely loosened, and the craniocerebral safety helmet is convenient for the patient to take off and put on.
Preferably, the inner diameter value of the upper end of the air hole connecting piece is 4.5mm-5.5mm, the outer diameter value is 5.5mm-6.5mm, the outer diameter value of the lower end of the air hole connecting piece is 7mm-9mm, and the height value is 11mm-13 mm; the air hole connecting piece is connected with a sealing piece in a matching mode, and the air hole is sealed through the sealing piece. When the patient does not have the bulge of the brain tissue or the recovery of the collapsed brain tissue is completed, the air hole connecting piece is sealed through the sealing piece so as to keep the negative pressure in the cap body.
Preferably, the craniocerebral helmet is provided with a temperature and humidity detection system, the temperature and humidity detection system is provided with a probe, the probe penetrates through the air hole connecting piece to be arranged in the craniocerebral helmet and is used for monitoring the temperature and the humidity in the craniocerebral helmet, and the probe comprises a temperature sensing device and a humidity sensing device. When a patient does not carry out negative pressure suction operation, the air hole connecting piece needs to be sealed through a sealing piece to keep the negative pressure in the helmet body, so that a closed space is formed between the inner film layer and the cranium of the patient, and the patient generates stuffiness heat due to no ventilation and air impermeability in the closed space.
Preferably, the craniocerebral helmet further comprises an air circulating system arranged above the helmet body, the air circulating system is provided with an air outlet and an air inlet, and the air outlet and the air inlet are respectively connected with the air hole connecting piece. The craniocerebral safety helmet is provided with an air circulation system, the air circulation system is respectively connected with the air hole connecting piece through the air outlet and the air inlet, so that the air flow in the craniocerebral safety helmet is realized, the temperature in the craniocerebral safety helmet is reduced, and the moisture in the craniocerebral safety helmet is taken away.
It should be noted that, in the process of accessing the temperature and humidity detection system or the air circulation system, other air hole connectors which are not provided with the probe and air hole connectors which are not connected with the air outlet and the air inlet are still sealed by the sealing element to maintain the negative pressure inside the cap body.
Preferably, the thickness of the cap has a value of 1.7mm-2.3 mm.
The invention provides a preparation method of a craniocerebral safety helmet, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, performing three-dimensional reconstruction according to the image information of the patient before operation to obtain a craniocerebral model of the patient;
s2: importing the craniocerebral model into engineering design software, and designing a craniocerebral safety helmet according to the craniocerebral model of a patient to obtain a three-dimensional structure chart of the craniocerebral safety helmet;
s3: and importing the three-dimensional structure diagram of the craniocerebral helmet into 3D printing software for 3D printing to obtain the solid craniocerebral helmet.
Preferably, step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
s21: selecting one normal side of the patient craniocerebral model as a reference structure of the shape design of the craniocerebral helmet and mirroring to form a complete craniocerebral model of the patient;
s22: in engineering design software, curves are marked on the ear root and the eyebrow of a patient craniocerebral model, the positions of the curves pass through the upper edges of the eyebrow arches at two sides, the zygomatic arch, the upper edge of the ear root and the mastoid process to the extraoccipital bulge process, and the coverage range of the craniocerebral helmet is arranged above the curves;
s23: generating a curved surface from the marked curve to the surface of the range of the skull top, wherein the curved surface is completely matched with the structure of the craniocerebral model of the patient to be used as the cap shape of the craniocerebral safety cap, and then generating a shell with a certain thickness from the curved surface outwards to form the craniocerebral safety cap.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following differences:
1. the helmet body matched with the skull of the patient is arranged to prevent the brain tissue of the decompression window of the patient from bulging, and the air hole connecting piece is arranged on the helmet body and can be connected with the negative pressure suction apparatus through the air hole connecting piece to perform negative pressure operation, so that the recovery of the collapsed brain tissue of the patient is realized.
2. The cap body is internally provided with an inner film layer, and a pressure sensing device is arranged between the inner film layer and the cap body, so that the negative pressure operation can be stopped when the skin flap of the decompression window just contacts the inner film layer during negative pressure suction, and the brain tissue is prevented from swelling due to excessive suction.
3. The bulge at the lower end of the inner film layer is embedded with the elastic piece, so that the fitting degree of the bulge and the cranium of the patient can be adjusted, the cranium safety helmet can be conveniently taken by the patient, and a closed space is formed between the cranium safety helmet and the head of the patient in the negative pressure suction process.
4. The temperature and humidity detection system and the air circulation system are arranged, so that the temperature and the humidity in the craniocerebral helmet can be monitored, the air flow in the craniocerebral helmet is realized through the air circulation system, the temperature in the craniocerebral helmet is reduced, and the moisture in the craniocerebral helmet is taken away.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a head helmet in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a gas vent connection according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a transition structure in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The craniocerebral safety cap can be applied to craniocerebral operations such as cerebral edema, hematoma, tumor excision and the like which need to reduce intracranial pressure and open a pressure reduction window; it can also be used for skull coloboma and skull fracture caused by brain trauma.
Example 1:
as shown in figure 1, the invention provides a craniocerebral safety helmet which comprises a helmet body 1, wherein the shape of the helmet body 1 is matched with the shape of the craniocerebral of a patient, and the helmet body 1 can be matched with the craniocerebral of the patient.
As shown in fig. 3, 1 border of the cap body is equipped with transition structure, and transition structure is for setting up the right triangle at 1 edge of the cap body, and right triangle's first contact surface 3 and patient's head laminating, and second contact surface 4 is connected with the border of the cap body, and first contact surface 3 can be laminated with patient's head when cap body 1 contacts with patient's head, avoids wearing in-process cap body 1 border injury patient's head.
In this embodiment, an inner film layer is disposed in the cap body 1, the cap body 1 is a hard shell made of plastic, silica gel, etc., and the inner film layer is a soft material, preferably a medical film.
A gap is arranged between the cap body 1 and the intima layer, the gap is 0.5 mm-1 mm, the buffer effect can be achieved, and the brain tissue skin flap is prevented from contacting the cap body made of hard materials when the brain tissue bulges.
In the embodiment, a pressure sensing device is arranged in a gap between the cap body 1 and the intima layer, and the pressure sensing device is a pressure sensor and is used for detecting the pressure between the skin flap of the pressure reduction window and the intima layer; when the brain tissue is restored in place, the skin flap of the decompression window contacts the intima layer, the pressure sensing device gives an alarm to prompt the completion of the restoration of the brain tissue, and the vacuumizing of the inner part of the cap body is stopped to prevent excessive attraction. When the brain tissue bulges, the brain tissue bulges to extrude the intima layer, the intima layer deforms to extrude the pressure sensing device, and the pressure sensing device gives an alarm to prompt that the intracranial pressure needs to be reduced when the brain tissue bulges.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the cap body 1 is provided with three air hole connecting pieces 2, the frustum-shaped air hole connecting pieces 2 can be connected with a negative pressure suction apparatus, and the negative pressure suction apparatus can vacuumize the inside of the cap body 1 to restore collapsed brain tissues.
In this embodiment, the air hole connecting piece 2 is of a frustum structure, the inner diameter of the upper end of the air hole connecting piece 2 is 4.5mm-5.5mm, the outer diameter is 5.5mm-6.5mm, the outer diameter of the lower end of the air hole connecting piece 2 is 7mm-9mm, and the height of the air hole connecting piece 2 is 11mm-13 mm. The air hole connecting piece 2 is arranged at the outer side of the cap body 1, and the connecting part of the cap body 1, the inner film layer and the air hole connecting piece 2 is provided with a hole so as to ensure the communication of the air hole connecting piece 2 with the cap body 1 and the inner film layer.
The air hole connecting piece 2 is connected with a sealing piece in a matching way, the sealing piece seals the air hole connecting piece 2, and the air hole connecting piece 2 is sealed by the sealing piece after the brain tissue of a patient is restored or when the expanded brain tissue is protected, so that the negative pressure is maintained in the cap body.
In this embodiment, the brain helmet is provided with a temperature and humidity detection system connected with the air hole connecting piece 2, and the temperature and humidity detection system is provided with a probe connected with the air hole connecting piece 2.
The probe comprises a temperature sensing device and a humidity sensing device, when the temperature and humidity detection system detects that the humidity inside the craniocerebral helmet is too high or the temperature is too high, an alarm signal is sent out to prompt that heat dissipation and dehumidification are needed to be carried out on the craniocerebral helmet, and the monitoring of the environmental conditions in the craniocerebral helmet is realized.
An air circulation system is arranged above the helmet body and provided with a miniature exhaust fan, the miniature exhaust fan comprises an air outlet and an air inlet, the air outlet and the air inlet are respectively connected with the air hole connecting piece 2, the miniature exhaust fan can draw out air inside the craniocerebral helmet through the air inlet and send new air into the craniocerebral helmet through the air outlet, air flow inside the craniocerebral helmet is completed, and the functions of heat dissipation and moisture removal of the craniocerebral helmet are achieved.
In this embodiment, the temperature and humidity detection system and the air circulation system are both provided with bluetooth chips, when the temperature and humidity detection system detects that the temperature inside the head helmet is greater than or equal to 32 ℃ and the humidity is greater than or equal to 90%, the temperature and humidity detection system sends out an alarm signal and sends data through the bluetooth chips, and the bluetooth chips in the miniature air circulation system receive the data, start the air circulation process, and perform heat dissipation and moisture removal.
When the temperature and humidity detection system detects that the internal temperature is less than or equal to 28 ℃ and the humidity is less than or equal to 65%, the temperature and humidity detection system sends an alarm signal, the Bluetooth chip in the temperature and humidity detector sends data, the Bluetooth chip in the air circulation system receives the data, and the air circulation system is closed to operate.
In this embodiment, when the safety helmet contacts with a patient, in order to improve the stability of the safety helmet contacting with the patient, the edge of the helmet body 1 passes through the upper edge of the patient's eyebrow arch, the zygomatic arch, the upper edge of the ear root and the mastoid process to the outside of the pillow. The edge of the cap body 1 is arranged at the position 4.7mm-6.3mm above the upper edge of the eyebrow arch and 4.5mm-5.5mm above the upper edge of the ear root. By means of the limitation of a proper numerical range, the stability of the cap body 1 in contact with the head of a patient is improved.
In the embodiment, the thickness value of the safety helmet is 1.7mm-2.3mm, the thickness value of the safety helmet is close to the thickness value of the skull of a patient, and the proper thickness value improves the comfort of the patient in wearing the safety helmet.
The working process of the embodiment is as follows:
1. for cases of collapse of the brain tissue of a patient
The patient lies in a supine position, the air hole connecting piece 2 is connected with the negative pressure suction device through the connecting pipe, the contact part of the head safety helmet and the head of the patient is sealed by winding a circle of medical film, and a sealed space is formed between the interior of the head safety helmet and the head of the patient.
The negative pressure aspirator slowly sucks, pressure difference is generated outside the cranium, the brain tissue gradually swells until the skin flap of the decompression window contacts the intima layer, the pressure sensing device sends out an alarm signal, the negative pressure suction is stopped, and at the moment, the brain tissue returns to be normal. The negative pressure aspirator is released, the air circulation system and the temperature and humidity detection system are connected again, and other air hole connecting pieces 2 are sealed by silica gel soft plugs.
2. For the case of a bulging of the brain tissue of a patient
When the brain tissue of a patient swells, the skin flap of the decompression window extrudes the intima layer, the pressure sensing device sends out an alarm signal to remove the connection between the craniocerebral safety cap and the head of the patient, the cerebrospinal fluid is drained by lumbar puncture to reduce the intracranial pressure, the brain tissue gradually returns along with the reduction of the intracranial pressure, the skin flap of the decompression window is recovered to the normal anatomical part, and the craniocerebral safety cap is connected with the head of the patient. The restriction of the craniocerebral safety helmet limits the brain tissues in the normal anatomical range and can not continuously bulge.
In one embodiment of the invention, the alarm signal of stopping the negative pressure suction from the pressure sensor and the alarm signal of the brain tissue bulge can be different.
3. Used for wearing the craniocerebral safety helmet in daily life
When the temperature and humidity detection system detects that the internal humidity is too high or the temperature is too high (the temperature is more than or equal to 32 ℃, and the humidity is more than or equal to 90 percent), an alarm signal is sent out, and the functions of heat dissipation and moisture removal are achieved through the remote rotation of the air circulation system for slowly supplying air to the inside and exhausting air to the outside. When the temperature and humidity detection system detects that the temperature in the craniocerebral helmet is less than or equal to 28 ℃ and the humidity is less than or equal to 65%, the temperature and humidity detection system sends out an alarm signal, a Bluetooth chip in the air circulation system receives data, and the air circulation system is closed to operate. When the probe detects that the internal humidity is too high or the temperature is too high (the temperature is more than or equal to 32 ℃ and the humidity is more than or equal to 90 percent), an alarm signal is sent out, air is slowly supplied into the craniocerebral helmet and is exhausted outwards through the air circulation system, and the functions of heat dissipation and moisture removal are achieved. When the temperature and humidity detection system detects that the temperature in the craniocerebral helmet is less than or equal to 28 ℃ and the humidity is less than or equal to 65%, the temperature and humidity detection system sends out an alarm signal, a Bluetooth chip in the air circulation system receives data, and the air circulation system is closed to operate.
Example 2:
the embodiment is similar to embodiment 1, except that in the embodiment, the cap body 1 and the intima layer are attached and hermetically connected at the edge of the cap body, and meanwhile, the intima layer is provided with a bulge relative to the edge of the cap body, and the bulge is of a structure that the intima layer exceeds the attaching position of the cap body 1.
The bulge is connected with an elastic part, the elastic part is an elastic rope, and the connection state of the bulge and the head is adjusted by tightening and loosening the elastic rope.
When the craniocerebral safety cap is used for the situation that the brain tissue of a patient collapses, the elastic rope is tightened to be closely attached to the head of the patient, and then the air hole connecting piece is connected with the negative pressure suction apparatus through the connecting pipe to form a closed space between the craniocerebral safety cap and the head of the patient for negative pressure suction; when the craniocerebral safety helmet is used for daily wearing, a patient needs to take off or wear the craniocerebral safety helmet, the elastic piece can be completely loosened, and the craniocerebral safety helmet is convenient for the patient to take off and wear.
Example 3:
the invention provides a preparation method of a craniocerebral safety helmet, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: reconstructing a three-dimensional model of the cranium and brain of a patient, and acquiring and storing image data of the cranium and brain model of the patient;
s2: importing the stored image data into reconstruction software, selecting a target area, and adjusting the gray level of an image to clearly display an interest area;
s3: and (5) trimming the contour of the interest region selected in the step (S2), denoising, converting the two-dimensional image into a three-dimensional stereo model image, generating a curved surface on the three-dimensional stereo model, taking the curved surface as the cap shape of the safety helmet, and performing 3D printing.
In step S2, the following steps are included:
s21: selecting one normal side of the patient craniocerebral model as a reference structure of the shape design of the craniocerebral helmet and mirroring to form a complete craniocerebral model of the patient;
s22: in engineering design software, curves are marked on ear roots and eyebrows of a patient, the positions of the curves pass through the upper edges of the eyebrow arches on two sides, the zygomatic arches, the upper edges of the ear roots and the mastoid process to the extraoccipital protuberant process, and the coverage range of the craniocerebral safety helmet is arranged above the curves;
s23: generating a curved surface from the marked curve to the surface of the range of the skull top, wherein the curved surface is completely matched with the structure of the craniocerebral model of the patient to be used as the cap shape of the craniocerebral safety cap, and then generating a shell with a certain thickness from the curved surface outwards to form the craniocerebral safety cap.
In step 21, due to skull injury or after a flap opening operation, the brain tissue has a condition of collapsing or bulging, so that the shape of one side of the cranium is abnormal, which is reflected on image scanning, and an abnormal cranium three-dimensional model is obtained in the reconstruction process, at this time, the normal side needs to be selected as a reference surface for designing the shape of the safety helmet, and then the normal side is piled to the other abnormal side, so as to ensure that the safety helmet is consistent and inosculated with the normal cranium shape of a patient.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A craniocerebral safety helmet comprises a helmet body and is characterized in that the shape of the helmet body is matched with the shape of the craniocerebral of a patient, an inner film layer is arranged in the helmet body, the helmet body is hermetically connected with the lower edge of the inner film layer, an air hole connecting piece which can be connected with a negative pressure suction apparatus and performs negative pressure operation is arranged at the position, corresponding to a pressure reduction window of the patient, on the helmet body, and the air hole connecting piece is communicated with the helmet body and the inner film layer; a gap is arranged between the cap body and the inner film layer, and a pressure sensing device is arranged in the gap.
2. The craniocerebral safety helmet of claim 1, wherein the edge of the helmet body is provided with a transition structure matched with the head of the patient, and the transition structure is provided with a protective surface contacted with the head of the patient.
3. The craniocerebral safety helmet of claim 1, wherein the inner film layer extends outwards relative to the edge of the helmet body to form a convex part, and an elastic part is embedded in the convex part and used for adjusting the fitting degree of the convex part and the craniocerebral of the patient.
4. A craniocerebral helmet according to claim 1, wherein the air vent connector is frustum-shaped, and has an upper inner diameter of 4.5mm to 5.5mm, an outer diameter of 5.5mm to 6.5mm, a lower outer diameter of 7mm to 9mm, and a height of 11mm to 13 mm; the air hole connecting piece is connected with a sealing piece in a matching mode, and the air hole is sealed through the sealing piece.
5. The craniocerebral safety helmet of claim 1 further comprising a temperature and humidity detection system, wherein the temperature and humidity detection system is provided with a probe, the probe is arranged in the craniocerebral safety helmet through the air hole connecting piece and is used for monitoring the temperature and the humidity inside the craniocerebral safety helmet, and the probe comprises a temperature sensing device and a humidity sensing device.
6. The craniocerebral helmet of claim 5 further comprising an air circulation system disposed above the helmet body, the air circulation system having an air outlet and an air inlet, the air outlet and the air inlet being connected to the air vent connection member, respectively.
7. A craniocerebral safety helmet according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the thickness of the helmet body has a value of 1.7mm to 2.3m, and the helmet body is made of a hard material and/or the inner film layer is made of a soft material.
8. A method of making a craniocerebral helmet according to any of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
s1: performing three-dimensional reconstruction according to image information of a patient before operation to obtain a craniocerebral model of the patient;
s2: importing the craniocerebral model into engineering design software, and designing a craniocerebral safety helmet according to the craniocerebral model of a patient to obtain a three-dimensional structure chart of the craniocerebral safety helmet;
s3: and importing the three-dimensional structure diagram of the craniocerebral helmet into 3D printing software for 3D printing to obtain the solid craniocerebral helmet.
9. A method for preparing a craniocerebral helmet according to claim 8, wherein the step S2 specifically comprises the following steps:
s21: selecting one normal side of the patient craniocerebral model as a reference structure of the shape design of the craniocerebral helmet and mirroring to form a complete craniocerebral model of the patient;
s22: in engineering design software, curves are marked on the ear root and the eyebrow of a patient craniocerebral model, the positions of the curves pass through the upper edges of the eyebrow arches at two sides, the zygomatic arch, the upper edge of the ear root and the mastoid process to the extraoccipital bulge process, and the coverage range of the craniocerebral helmet is arranged above the curves;
s23: generating a curved surface from the marked curve to the surface of the range of the skull top, wherein the curved surface is completely matched with the structure of the craniocerebral model of the patient to be used as the cap shape of the craniocerebral safety cap, and then generating a shell with a certain thickness from the curved surface outwards to form the craniocerebral safety cap.
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| CN112425856A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-02 | 同济大学 | Building site is with giving sound insulation safety helmet that shocks resistance |
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