A kind of fruits and vegetables equipment
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruits and vegetables technical fields, and in particular to a kind of fruits and vegetables equipment.
Background technique
Vegetables are as essential food in people's diet, the nutrients being rich in and trace quantity mineral confrontation human body
Health play the role of it is critical.Fruits and vegetables refer to using vegetables as raw material, and cleaned, drying, peeling, cutting are (or not
Through peeling, cutting) and after blanching etc. pre-processes, food is made with the processing of easy storage in the method for using physics, chemistry and biology
Process.
Current fruits and vegetables equipment have the following deficiencies: first is that, cleaning of the current vegetable processing device for vegetables
It is not deep enough, it is easy to leave various impurity in places such as leftover pieces, the thing of residue dust etc is easy in following process
So that food safety grade can not meet the requirements, it is possible to subsequent fine processing machine be made to generate the phenomenon that gets stuck.Second is that at present
Vegetable processing device it is inadequate except water process to vegetables, be easy to cause and dehydration or thermophilic digestion carried out to vegetables subsequent
When, need to supply more energy to reach dehydration, situations such as causing the process-cycle to extend.Additionally due to vegetables become after getting wet
It is more soft, it is easy to cause the machine of cutting in cutting because of the too many excessively soft blade wrap of accumulation and then causes to shut down,
The cutting that will also result in vegetables simultaneously is uneven.Third is that being all using extensive to the cutting of vegetables in vegetable processing device at present
The cutting of formula, efficiency is lower, cannot carry out fine cut to the vegetables of bough stem.Fourth is that current vegetable processing device can not
It realizes and thin and thick screening is carried out to slice, the slice of all different-thickness is all mixed, causes slice of vegetable that can not be applicable in
In the approach for having thickness particular/special requirement.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as background technique, the present invention provides a kind of fruits and vegetables equipment.
Its technical solution are as follows:
A kind of fruits and vegetables equipment, including work system, the first cleaning system, the second cleaning system, water-dust removing system
System, hierarchy system, the first crushing system, the second crushing system, collection system;The work system includes from top to bottom successively
The first workbench, the second workbench, third workbench, the 4th workbench being arranged;
First cleaning system includes drainage trap, filtration hole, rack one, fan group, catch basin one;In drainage trap uniformly
It is provided with filtration hole, fan group is arranged in rack one and is located at right above drainage trap, and catch basin one is arranged in drainage trench bottom;
Second cleaning system includes rinse bath two, concussion head, ultrasonic machine, rack two, crawler belt, fishing bucket, return pipe, water
Case two, water inlet pipe;The rinse bath two is located at below drainage trap tail end, and two sides are provided with multiple concussion heads in rinse bath two, shakes
It swings head and is connect with the ultrasonic machine for being located at two outside of rinse bath, organic frame two is arranged in two two sides of rinse bath, and crawler belt is inclined at machine
Equidistantly be provided with multiple fishings bucket on frame two, on crawler belt, two both ends of rinse bath are connected separately with water inlet pipe and return pipe, water inlet pipe and
Return pipe is connect with water tank two;
The water-dust removing system includes collection bucket, dust removing tube, filter opening one, fan one, inclined plate, exhaust vent one, bend pipe, circle
Slot, filter opening two, rack three, rotation shift plate one, rack four, fan two, catch basin two;The collection bucket is located at below crawler belt, removes
Dirt pipe both ends are connect with collection bucket and bend pipe respectively, and dust removing tube two sides are respectively arranged with filter opening one and exhaust vent one, the filter opening
It is provided with fan one on the dust removing tube in one outside, dust removing tube alternate internal is provided with multiple inclined plates, the circular groove side and bend pipe
It connects, bottom is evenly arranged with filter opening two in circular groove, and circular groove bottom is provided with catch basin two, and multiple rotations are provided in circular groove and are dialled
Plate one, rotation shift plate one are arranged in the shaft of rack three, and fan two is located at one top of rotation shift plate, and fan two is arranged in rack
On four;
The hierarchy system includes log washer, rack five, rotation shift plate two, leak hole one, leak hole two, outlet;The classification
Slot is connect with the circular groove other side, and multiple rotation shift plates two are provided in log washer, and the shaft of rack five is arranged in rotation shift plate two
On, log washer insole portion is not provided with leak hole one, leak hole two, and log washer side is equipped with outlet;
First crushing system includes curved groove, broken pipeline, rotating machine, grinding wheel group, dedusting mechanism, transfer canal
One;The curved groove and outlet, the broken pipe ends are connect with curved groove and transfer canal one respectively, the broken pipeline
It is provided with dedusting mechanism between transfer canal one, broken pipeline upper and lower ends are provided with rotating machine, and the setting of grinding wheel group is broken
It is connect on broken pipeline and with rotating machine;
Second crushing system includes transfer canal two, wire cutting pipeline, cutting line group, roller group, cutting machine, transmission
Idler wheel, driver, power supply cabinet, transmission bend pipe, dedusting mechanism, transfer canal three;The transfer canal two and two place of leak hole
The classification trench bottom of position connects, and one tail end of transfer canal is connect with wire cutting pipeline, wire cutting pipe ends respectively with send pipe
Road two is connected with transmission bend pipe, and transmission bend pipe tail end is successively connect with dedusting mechanism and transfer canal three, the wire cutting pipeline
It is inside provided with cutting line group, cutting line group is wrapped in roller group, and roller group is arranged on cutting machine, and driver setting is cut online
Duct bottom is cut, live roller is arranged in driver and partially passes through wire cutting pipeline bottom surface, and power supply cabinet is located at wire cutting
It is connect below pipeline and with cutting machine, driver;
The third crushing system includes transfer canal four, speed limit bar group, rubs pipeline, baffle rings, leak hole three, bearing
Machine, shaft, auger knife, support frame;The transfer canal four is connect with the classification trench bottom of one position of leak hole, transfer canal
Speed limit bar group is evenly arranged in four, four lower end of transfer canal and three tail end of transfer canal are connect with rubbing pipeline, rub pipe
It is provided with multiple baffle rings on road, rubs duct bottom and is equipped with leak hole three, rubs and is provided with auger knife in pipeline, the setting of auger knife
In shaft, both ends of the shaft is connect with bearing machine, support frame be arranged on the 4th workbench and with bearing machine, rub pipeline side
Connection;
The collection system includes funnel, machine frame, and the funnel is arranged on machine frame, and funnel is corresponding to be located under leak hole three
Side.
It advanced optimizing, the dedusting mechanism includes dust removing tube, screw thread air duct, exhaust vent two, air supply tube, air compressor machine two,
Screw thread air duct is uniformly provided on dedusting inside pipe wall, dust removing tube upper end is evenly arranged with exhaust vent two, and dust removing tube two sides are equipped with pneumatics
Machine two, air compressor machine two are connect by air supply tube with dust removing tube.
It advanced optimizes, first cleaning system is arranged on the first workbench, and the second cleaning system is arranged second
On workbench, water-dust removing system is arranged on third workbench, and the second crushing system, third crushing system are arranged in the 4th work
Make on platform.
It advanced optimizes, described drainage trap one end is provided with feed inlet, and the other end is provided with discharge port.
It advanced optimizes, the return pipe is two.
It advanced optimizes, is provided with a hole on the fishing bucket, is provided with detachable strainer in water tank two.
It advanced optimizes, the rotation shift plate one is 6, and rotation shift plate two is 4, and rotation two rotation direction of shift plate is edge
Leak hole one, leak hole two, export direction rotation.
It advanced optimizes, the diameter of the leak hole one is less than leak hole two.
It advanced optimizes, the baffle rings are two or more, and leak hole three is separated into multiple regions, different zones by baffle rings
Three size of leak hole successively increased along auger knife operative orientation, leak hole three be rectangular strip.
It advanced optimizes, the funnel group number is more than or equal to 3.
It advanced optimizes, the rack one, rack three, rack four, rack five, is provided with electricity in bearing machine at rack two
Source.
It advanced optimizes, the grinding wheel group is outside zigzag.
It advanced optimizes, the filter opening one and exhaust vent one of the dust removing tube two sides are two groups, and one group of setting is on dust removing tube
Portion two sides, another group of setting is in the other two sides in dust removing tube lower part.
It is different from the prior art, above-mentioned technical proposal has the following beneficial effects:
(1) vegetables processor of the invention carries out thorough high-efficiency washing, vegetable cleaning to vegetables by two cleaning systems
Effect is good, effectively removes the various impurity on vegetables, the processing of advantageous subsequent vegetables and meets food safety requirements.
(2) vegetables processor of the invention by water-dust removing vegetables can be carried out drying go moisture removal and further
Dedusting removes impurity, is conducive to the progress of the vegetable deep-processings such as subsequent dehydration or thermophilic digestion, saves the process-cycle, while vegetables
The dry progress for being also beneficial to subsequent vegetables cutting of water removal, guarantees cutting sufficiently, does not easily lead to blade wrap and gets stuck the shape of shutdown
The generation of condition.
(3) vegetables processor of the invention by hierarchy system, the first crushing system, the second crushing system can to vegetables into
Row classification fine cut, and vegetables progress categorised collection is made to realize the screening of vegetables thin and thick size by collection system
It is processed vegetables and is suitable for various approach.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is overall structure diagram of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the first cleaning system of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the second cleaning system of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of crawler belt in the second cleaning system of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram one of water-dust removing system of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram two of water-dust removing system of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of each component below the second workbench of the invention;
Fig. 8 is water-dust removing system of the present invention, the schematic diagram of internal structure of hierarchy system;
Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram of the first crushing system of the invention;
Figure 10 is the structural schematic diagram one of the second crushing system of the invention;
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of internal structure two of the second crushing system of the invention;
Figure 12 is the schematic diagram of internal structure of third crushing system of the present invention;
Figure 13 is the structural schematic diagram of collection system of the present invention;
Figure 14 is the structural schematic diagram of work system of the present invention;
Wherein: the first workbench 1, the second workbench 101, third workbench 102, the 4th workbench 2, drainage trap 3, drainage
Hole 301, rack 1, fan group 303, catch basin 1, rinse bath 24, concussion head 401, ultrasonic machine 402, rack two
403, crawler belt 404, fishing bucket 405, return pipe 406, water tank 2 407, water inlet pipe 408, collection bucket 5, dust removing tube 501, filter opening one
502, fan 1, inclined plate 504, exhaust vent 1, bend pipe 506, circular groove 6, filter opening 2 601, rack 3 602, rotation shift plate
One 603, rack 4 604, fan 2 605, catch basin 2 606, log washer 7, rack 5 701, rotation shift plate 2 702, leak hole one
703, leak hole 2 704, outlet 705, curved groove 8, broken pipeline 801, rotating machine 802, grinding wheel group 803, transfer canal 1,
Dust removing tube 9, screw thread air duct 901, exhaust vent 2 902, air supply tube 903, air compressor machine 2 904, transfer canal 2 10, wire cutting pipeline
1001, cutting line group 1002, roller group 1003, cutting machine 1004, live roller 1005, driver 1006, power supply cabinet 1007,
It transmits bend pipe 1008, transfer canal 3 11, transfer canal 4 12, speed limit bar group 1201, rub pipeline 13, baffle rings 1301, leakage
Hole 3 1302, bearing machine 1303, shaft 1304, auger knife 1305, support frame 1306, funnel 14, machine frame 1401.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts all other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Please refer to Fig. 1~14, a kind of fruits and vegetables equipment of the present embodiment, including work system, the first cleaning system,
Second cleaning system, water-dust removing system, hierarchy system, the first crushing system, the second crushing system, collection system;The work
Making platform system includes the first workbench 1, the second workbench 101, third workbench 102, the 4th work set gradually from top to bottom
Make platform 2;
First cleaning system includes drainage trap 3, filtration hole 301, rack 1, fan group 303, catch basin one
304;Be evenly arranged with filtration hole 301 in drainage trap 3, fan group 303 be arranged in rack 1 and be located at drainage trap 3 just on
Side, catch basin 1 are arranged in 3 bottom of drainage trap;
Second cleaning system include rinse bath 24, concussion head 401, ultrasonic machine 402, rack 2 403, crawler belt 404,
Fishing bucket 405, return pipe 406, water tank 2 407, water inlet pipe 408;The rinse bath 24 is located at below 3 tail end of drainage trap, rinse bath
Two sides are provided with multiple concussion heads 401 in 24, and concussion head 401 connect with the ultrasonic machine 402 for being located at 24 outside of rinse bath, cleans
Organic frame 2 403 is arranged in 24 two sides of slot, and crawler belt 404 is inclined in rack 2 403, is equidistantly provided on crawler belt 404 multiple
Fishing bucket 405,24 both ends of rinse bath are connected separately with water inlet pipe 408 and return pipe 406, water inlet pipe 408 and return pipe 406 with
Water tank 2 407 connects;
The water-dust removing system includes collection bucket 5, dust removing tube 501, filter opening 1, fan 1, inclined plate 504, goes out
Air holes 1, bend pipe 506, circular groove 6, filter opening 2 601, rack 3 602, rotation shift plate 1, rack 4 604, fan two
605, catch basin 2 606;The collection bucket 5 is located at the lower section of crawler belt 404,501 both ends of dust removing tube respectively with collection bucket 5 and bend pipe
506 connections, 501 two sides of dust removing tube are respectively arranged with filter opening 1 and exhaust vent 1, the dedusting in one 502 outside of filter opening
Fan 1 is provided on pipe 501,501 alternate internal of dust removing tube is provided with multiple inclined plates 504,6 side of circular groove and bend pipe
506 connect, and bottom is evenly arranged with filter opening 2 601 in circular groove 6, and 6 bottom of circular groove is provided with catch basin 2 606, setting in circular groove 6
There are multiple rotation shift plates 1, rotation shift plate 1 is arranged in the shaft of rack 3 602, and fan 2 605 is located at rotation and dials
One 603 top of plate, fan 2 605 are arranged in rack 4 604;
The hierarchy system include log washer 7, rack 5 701, rotation shift plate 2 702, leak hole 1, leak hole 2 704,
Outlet 705;The log washer 7 is connect with 6 other side of circular groove, and multiple rotation shift plates 2 702 are provided in log washer 7, and rotation is dialled
Plate 2 702 is arranged in the shaft of rack 5 701, and 7 insole portion of log washer is not provided with leak hole 1, leak hole 2 704, point
Grade 7 side of slot is equipped with outlet 705;
First crushing system include curved groove 8, broken pipeline 801, rotating machine 802, grinding wheel group 803, dedusting mechanism,
Transfer canal 1;The curved groove 8 705 is connected to outlet, broken 801 both ends of pipeline respectively with curved groove 8 and transfer canal
One 804 connections, are provided with dedusting mechanism between the broken pipeline 801 and transfer canal 1, are crushed pipeline about 801 two
End is provided with rotating machine 802, and grinding wheel group 803 is arranged on broken pipeline 801 and connect with rotating machine 802;
Second crushing system includes transfer canal 2 10, wire cutting pipeline 1001, cutting line group 1002, roller group
1003, cutting machine 1004, live roller 1005, driver 1006, power supply cabinet 1007, transmission bend pipe 1008, dedusting mechanism, biography
Send pipeline 3 11;The transfer canal 2 10 is connect with 7 bottom of log washer of 2 704 position of leak hole, transfer canal 1
Tail end is connect with wire cutting pipeline 1001, and 1001 both ends of wire cutting pipeline connect with pipeline 2 10 and transmission bend pipe 1008 is sent respectively
It connects, transmission 1008 tail end of bend pipe is successively connect with dedusting mechanism and transfer canal 3 11, setting in the wire cutting pipeline 1001
There is cutting line group 1002, cutting line group 1002 is wrapped in roller group 1003, and roller group 1003 is arranged on cutting machine 1004, is passed
1001 bottom of cutting on line pipeline is arranged in motivation 1006, and live roller 1005, which is arranged in driver 1006 and partially passes through line, to be cut
1001 bottom surface of pipe cutting road, power supply cabinet 1007 are located at 1001 lower section of wire cutting pipeline and connect with cutting machine 1004, driver 1006
It connects;
The third crushing system include transfer canal 4 12, speed limit bar group 1201, rub pipeline 13, baffle rings 1301,
Leak hole 3 1302, bearing machine 1303, shaft 1304, auger knife 1305, support frame 1306;The transfer canal 4 12 and leak hole one
7 bottom of log washer of 703 positions connects, and is evenly arranged with speed limit bar group 1201, transfer canal four in transfer canal 4 12
12 lower ends and 3 11 tail end of transfer canal are connect with rubbing pipeline 13, are rubbed and are provided with multiple baffle rings 1301 on pipeline 13,
It rubs 13 bottom of pipeline and is equipped with leak hole 3 1302, rub and be provided with auger knife 1305 in pipeline 13, the setting of auger knife 1305 is turning
On axis 1304,1304 both ends of shaft are connect with bearing machine 1303, support frame 1306 be arranged on the 4th workbench 2 and with bearing machine
1303, the connection of 13 side of pipeline is rubbed;
The collection system includes funnel 14, machine frame 1401, and the funnel 14 is arranged on machine frame 1401, and funnel 14 is corresponding
Positioned at 3 1302 lower section of leak hole.
The dedusting mechanism includes dust removing tube 9, screw thread air duct 901, exhaust vent 2 902, air supply tube 903, air compressor machine two
904, screw thread air duct 901 is uniformly provided on 9 inner wall of dust removing tube, and 9 upper end of dust removing tube is evenly arranged with exhaust vent 2 902, dust removing tube 9
Two sides are equipped with air compressor machine 2 904, and air compressor machine 2 904 is connect by air supply tube 903 with dust removing tube 9.
First cleaning system is arranged on the first workbench 1, and the second cleaning system is arranged in the second workbench 101
On, water-dust removing system is arranged on third workbench 102, and the second crushing system, the setting of third crushing system are in the 4th work
On platform 2.
Described 3 one end of drainage trap is provided with feed inlet, and the other end is provided with discharge port.
The return pipe 406 is two.
It is provided with a hole on the fishing bucket 405, is provided with detachable strainer in water tank 2 407.
The rotation shift plate 1 be 6, rotation shift plate 2 702 be 4, rotation 2 702 rotation direction of shift plate be along
Leak hole 1, leak hole 2 704, the rotation of 705 directions of outlet.
The diameter of the leak hole 1 is less than leak hole 2 704.
The baffle rings 1301 are two or more, and leak hole 3 1302 is separated into multiple regions by baffle rings 1301, not same district
3 1302 size of leak hole in domain is successively increased along 1305 operative orientation of auger knife, and leak hole three (1302) is rectangular strip.
14 numbers of the funnel group are more than or equal to 3.
The rack 1, rack 2 403, rack 3 602, rack 4 604, rack 5 701, in bearing machine 1303
It is provided with power supply.
The grinding wheel group 803 is outside zigzag.
The filter opening 1 and exhaust vent 1 of 501 two sides of dust removing tube are two groups, and one group of setting is on dust removing tube 501
Portion two sides, another group of setting is in the other two sides in 501 lower part of dust removing tube.
When the invention works: vegetables being poured into drainage trap 3 by feed inlet, the vegetables in drainage trap 3 are by fan
Wind caused by group 303 carries out air-dried, and the moisture of institute's band, which is blown off, in vegetables falls to catch basin one by filtration hole 301
In 304, while the dust of attachment waterborne can also be fallen in catch basin 1 with droplet.Then vegetables are by 3 tail end of drainage trap
Discharge port is fallen in rinse bath 24, by the supply of water tank 2 407, water inlet pipe 408 so that having in rinse bath 24 a large amount of
Water, vegetables can the ultrasonic wave caused by concussion head 401 further shake so that the impurity for being adsorbed on its surface falls to water
In, and vegetables can then swim on the water surface, and the fishing bucket 405 constantly rotated is then driven to salvage by crawler belt 404, with crawler belt
Vegetables can also have miscellaneous along the hole continuous drainage on fishing bucket 405 in rinse bath 24 during 404 continuous movements
The water of matter flows back into water tank 2 407 along return pipe 406, and by the filter screen filtration in it, then again by water inlet pipe 408
It is flowed into rinse bath 24, realizes water circulation.Vegetables turn to other direction with fishing bucket 405 and fall to from fishing bucket 405
In collection bucket 5, then constantly falls down along the effect of gravity and removed by one high wind of progress of dust removing tube 501 that vertical direction is arranged
Dirt.Fan 1 can generate high wind, blow in dust removing tube 501 along filter opening 1, against vegetables briefing make water and
Dust is blown out by exhaust vent 1.The speed that inclined plate 504 a degree of can delay vegetables to fall, so that dust removing tube
Vegetables in 501 have the sufficient time by water-dust removing.Then vegetables have entered in circular groove 6 along bend pipe 506, in circular groove 6
Interior vegetables are by the continuous switch of rotation shift plate 1, while fan 2 605 generates high wind, and the moisture on vegetables is further filled
The removal divided, while also having the function that dedusting, moisture can be fallen in catch basin 2 606 along filter opening 2 601.When vegetables quilt
It is entered when the opening that switch has arrived on circular groove 6 in log washer 7, rotation shift plate 2 702 continues switch vegetables, makes it along leak hole
One 703, leak hole 2 704, export 705 direction pass sequentially through, the vegetables of small size can fall from leak hole 1, medium build
Vegetables can be fallen from leak hole 2 704, the vegetables of a fat person can flow out along outlet 705, thus complete classification work.It is wherein big
The vegetables of build are entered in broken pipeline 801 by outlet 705 and curved groove 8, and fat person vegetables are high in broken pipeline 801
The grinding wheel group 803 of speed rotation carries out the vegetables for being cut into medium build, and then the vegetables of medium build pass through in dust removing tube 9,
Air compressor machine 2 904 transmits high wind into dust removing tube 9 by air supply tube 903, and high wind is high in dust removing tube 9 along screw thread air duct 901
Speed rotation, and flowed out by exhaust vent 2 902, in this process, because fat person vegetables are fractured into medium build
Vegetables, wherein the little particle dust having can be broken by further removing, then high wind can be blown out these dust.It is complete
It is rolled down in wire cutting pipeline 1001 at the vegetables of medium grain after dedusting along transfer canal 1.It is above-mentioned along leak hole two
The 704 medium grain vegetables fallen also tumble along transfer canal 2 10 into wire cutting pipeline 1001, at this time medium build
Vegetables converge the transmission cut by high-speed rotating cutting line group 1002, while constantly rolled in cutting on line pipeline 1001
Idler wheel 1005 drives and completes the vegetables that medium grain cutting becomes little particle, small build forward, then along transmission bend pipe
1008 have rolled down in dust removing tube 9, vegetables dedusting same as above for carrying out further little particle dust in dust removing tube 9, complete
It has been rolled down in rubbing pipeline 13 at after dedusting along transfer canal 3 11.The above-mentioned little particle vegetable fallen along leak hole 1
Dish has rolled down to rub in pipeline 13 along transfer canal 4 12 to be converged with the above-mentioned short grained vegetables that are cut into cut.Its
Middle speed limit bar group 1201 can play the role of a speed limit, so as to tumble speed slower for little particle vegetables, be unlikely to blocking and rub
Pipeline 13.The little particle vegetables in rubbing pipeline 13 are blended into superfine vegetables by the rotation of auger knife 1305 at this time
Leaf, while constantly by 1305 brought forward of auger knife, when the degree of rubbing has reached to a certain degree, large-sized leakage can be passed through
Hole 3 1302 is fallen downwards, if not having, is driven cutting further along, is fallen downwards from the leak hole 3 1302 of small size, no
With the vegetables that the leak hole 3 1302 of size area is fallen down, can be collected by different funnels 14, to complete the classification of vegetables
It collects.
Although the various embodiments described above are described, once a person skilled in the art knows basic wounds
The property made concept, then additional changes and modifications can be made to these embodiments, so the above description is only an embodiment of the present invention,
It is not intended to limit scope of patent protection of the invention, it is all to utilize equivalent structure made by description of the invention and accompanying drawing content
Or equivalent process transformation, being applied directly or indirectly in other relevant technical fields, similarly includes in patent of the invention
Within protection scope.