CN109117562A - Intelligent temperature control dam and temperature adjusting method - Google Patents

Abstract

Intelligent temperature control dam, including dam body, real-time induction machine, DSS and quickly regulate and control machine, the quick regulation machine includes industrial personal computer, multiple temperature-compensating sources, primary topology pipe network and wireless base station, and primary topology pipe network includes multiple multi-pass control units of gridding；The DSS includes the decision machine being stored on DSS server, regular generation system, knowledge base, model library and database.The invention also provides a kind of temperature adjusting methods of intelligent temperature control dam.The present invention formats dam temperature control tube road network, introduces grid node, improves the flexibility and specific aim of the regulation of dam temperature；Moisture migration equation and thermophoresis equation are introduced, humidity quantifies the specific influence of dam temperature, improves the accuracy of temperature control；The unfavorable factor of look-ahead dam temperature regulation, the passively temperature control mode for becoming traditional regulate and control into the temperature of initiative, reduce the uncertainty of dam temperature regulation.

Description

Intelligent temperature control dam and temperature adjusting method

Technical field

The invention belongs to Construction for Hydroelectric Project, concrete dam engineering operation domain of control temperature, and in particular to will Method of the dam concrete gridding to carry out temperature regulation is run especially suitable for concrete dam construction phase and dam Concrete intelligent temperature regulation.

Background technique

With the fast development of Chinese national economy, the water resources such as the central and east and southwest enrich the hydroelectric development in area gradually It tends to be perfect, national hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering development and planning turn to the Northwest.Nowadays the progress of technology makes in northwest Area construction High Concrete Dam is not problem, but due to northwest China local climate complicated condition, winter cold is dry, daytime The big equal environmental characteristics of the night temperature difference, so that " not splitting on no dam " problem of concrete dam more highlights.Existing temperature control technology is more Based on being controlled with step temperature, to cope with engineering in the temperature stress for building stage appearance, lack to dam concrete guiding tune Control does not account for method and dam Life cycle that comprehensive system Effective Regulation is carried out for the temperature of dam Life cycle The control measures of humidity modification, and then lead to runtime of dam concrete after the completion of engineering construction, dam body has bigger probability The distress in concrete of generation.

In the Life cycle that concrete dam is on active service, structural behaviour from decline until end-of-life and concrete Material cracks are related, and domestic and international many scholars have carried out a large amount of research to the cracking resistance and mechanical property of concrete, it is believed that It is to cause to tie under constraint condition as non-load factor volume expansion as caused by temperature change in structure or contraction mostly that it, which cracks, Tensile stress is more than caused by certain stress level in structure.Therefore, carrying out temperature regulation to dam concrete is in dam concrete Opposite constant temperature and humidity is the key that prevent crack from generating.

Concrete temperature variation is mainly influenced by the internal heat of hydration and ambient temperature.Due to pouring initial stage water Mud hydration reaction can generate a large amount of heat of hydration and dam body temperature is risen rapidly, and during concrete temperature drop, due to coagulation The bad thermal conduction characteristic of soil, so that the biggish temperature gradient generation tensile stress of the inside and outside formation of dam body, and concrete tension at this time Intensity is lower, so that temperature stress is more than ultimate tensile and generates crack.The change of dam body temperature is in addition to by its internal heat of hydration Outside influencing, also influenced by ambient temperature and humidity, in dam runtime dam body temperature mainly by ambient air temperature and water The influence of library water temperature.When outside air temperature change dramatically, the delay of the temperature inside dam body and cause inside and outside dam body formed compared with Big temperature gradient, so that generating thermal cracking.

Concrete is influenced with diffusion by multifactor because humidity changes.It is interior in concreting process under hydration The pore-fluids states, temperature stress such as microscopical structures, water content, the humidity such as portion's distribution of pores, pore size, hole geometry State easily changes.Part can be lost in conjunction with water, the drying shrinkage of generation because interior humidity diffusion changes after concrete setting Stress will lead to its cracking or make existing crack extension, and drying shrinkage caused by inside concrete humidity and moisture field change dramatically is answered Power is the major reason of its cracking especially early-age crack.

Northwest China some areas winter is cold, average temperature of the whole year lower than 5 DEG C, the extreme maximum temperature difference of daily temperature be more than 30 The extreme maximum temperature difference in DEG C, year is even as high as 81 DEG C.It is influenced by this changeable extreme climate environment, concrete internal temperature occurs anxious Drastic change, while the variation of environment temperature can also generate certain influence, Ji Zhongyin to inside concrete moisture distribution and rule The stress that element interaction concrete is born is bigger, is easier to lead to the generation in crack.

For the temperature controlled anticracking requirement for meeting dam engineering especially cold district concrete dam, for inside and outside influence factor Difference, domestic and international hydraulic engineering field worker use various ways come control concrete internal and external temperature and humidity ladder Degree.

The control of construction time temperature: in order to reduce its thermogenetic larger temperature gradient of internal aquation, main includes pre-cooling bone Material, limitation mix temperature, control placement temperature, laying cooling water pipe etc..By controlling the maximum temperature rise of concrete, to reduce Temperature gradient inside and outside construction time dam concrete, to reduce temperature stress.

Construction time humid control: in order to control concrete volume contraction caused by continuous dehydration under the conditions of natural evaporation, Traditional moist keeping measures are usually to pour phase watering moisturizing, for the thermal insulation material on the concrete dam surface of cold district With certain moisture-keeping function.But on the whole, relatively fewer to the research of concrete humidity under temperature match curing conditions and its stress, control System and salvo are also relatively limited.

Resist ambient temperature effect: at present mainly by taking passive Insulation to dam body to reduce dam body and the external world Heat exchange, to reduce concrete cracking caused by cold wave or the periodic outside air temperature variation of cold district.Common heat preservation Measure has is laid with insulation board, insulation quilt and spray coating heat preservation material etc., these measures can make dam body little in temperature daily amplitude It is a degree of in environment to resist extreme temperature variation, such as cold wave etc..

Runtime control effect is limited: existing temperature control technology takes some active temperature controls in the construction time and arranges It applies, such as when dam concrete internal temperature is excessively high, takes the mode sprinkled water to internal logical cooling water and surface to cool down, disappear Subtract inside and outside temperature difference.But to the runtime, the only one layer of heat preservation layer on dam concrete surface carries out quilt under normal conditions Dynamic protection.By carrying out whether there is or not the test of the concrete temperature under insulating layer and being found to Analysis on monitoring data, the outer cloth of concrete Setting insulating layer is having certain protective role to the influence of ambient temperature in short term, but with time growth is disturbed, there is guarantor Shield and unshielded concrete finally can all change with the variation of environment temperature, lack a kind of temperature adjusting method of active To carry out effective digital preservation to the concrete of dam runtime, Fig. 1 is the concrete difference portion having under 5cm polyurethane insulation coating Position temperature, Fig. 2 are without the concrete different parts temperature under any insulating layer.

By engineering practice and long-term operation, although above-mentioned temperature and humid control measure are comparatively in certain periods The temperature and humidity gradient for reducing concrete, has cut down temperature and humidity stress, decreases the generation of distress in concrete, but Since control measure have a single function and defect existing for itself, so that dam concrete complete period anticracking need can not be met comprehensively It asks, the crack of dam concrete and destruction not can avoid still.Its main problem is as follows:

(1) the existing internal major measure for reducing temperature gradient is cooling for water flowing, which utilizes dam construction process In generally give and cool down in horizontally disposed pipe network water flowing in concrete, cooling effect is good.But its water flowing temperature cannot It adjusts at any time, water source is usually engineering location river water, temperature gradient is also easy to produce when water temperature is lower, especially for China west The engineering of northern severe cold area, this temperature gradient is bigger, and the stress of generation is also bigger.

(2) it is covering and heat insulating layer that traditional reply cold wave, which reduces internal and external temperature gradient major measure, and the measure is passively to answer To extraneous temperature change, dam body temperature stress can not be effectively reduced in the long term, and severe external environment even can also be led Cause the peeling of surface heat preservation material；

(3) existing temperature control technology is mainly by manually adjusting, and measurement and manually regulation not only have lag on the time Property, thereby increases and it is possible to inaccuracy is caused there are human factor, misses the optimal temperature control time.

(4) hysteresis quality of current temperature control measures control node need to occur in the unfavorable factor for influencing dam concrete temperature Afterwards, it is passively controlled for unfavorable factor, tends to the out of control of concrete temperature occur, lack temperature controlled prediction Property.

(5) temperature control measures can not be for the variability in temperature field in dam concrete at present, subregion and targetedly Temperature accuracy controlling is carried out to privileged site.

(6) current temperature control measures are still based on passive, while being also that the variation of more seasonal temperature just forms tool The counter-measure of body has certain hysteresis quality, and lacking predictability can not protect in advance.

(7) current Temperature of Concrete Dam Stress calculation and temperature control measures design, and essentially only relate to leading to concrete Hot heat transfer character, the multi- scenarios methods such as coupling and stress field to dam concrete moisture field, temperature field and moisture field problem is simultaneously Enough attention are not given.The main reason is that the measurement problem of humidity of concrete is relatively difficult, coupling calculation also compares It is more complex.

(8) conventional temperature and humid control range are inaccurate, by taking temperature control means as an example, generally with pour storehouse section or For the height in one lifting storehouse time as a minimum control unit, these control units are interior by extraneous factor (such as water temperature, illumination) Influence also have a temperature difference, conventional method lacks effective regulation measure for the temperature difference of more a small range.

In addition, some experts and scholars have carried out correlative study in order to break through traditional temperature control technology, produce relatively new Scientific achievement, but mainly control strategy really proposes the scheme of concrete dam Life cycle intelligent temperature regulation. Such as " the individualized circulation side of mass concrete temperature control disclosed in Authorization Notice No. " CN 101701495A " Method " mainly optimizes traditional cooling water pipe, to dam by way of changing flow and transformation cooling water or river water Inside concrete carries out cooling processing, does not have thermogenic action.It " is being built disclosed in Authorization Notice No. " CN 102852145A " Dam concrete intelligent temperature control method and system " mainly contemplates a kind of in the temprature control method for building dam, shortage pair The dam temperature of runtime is controlled.Disclosing in Authorization Notice No. " ZL 2,016 1 1116913.5 " " can permanently regulate and control mixed The method and device of solidifying soil dam temperature " has broken tradition to the regulation method of concrete dam temperature, to coagulation from frame The temperature control feasibility of native dam provides a kind of imagination, but temporarily only carries out simple authentication in laboratory stage, does not pay All engineering practices, while the means of lack of wisdom regulation.

In summary the deficiency of traditional technology, the present inventor have been put forward for the first time intelligent temperature control dam and temperature adjusting method, And carried out correlative study to multiple problem in science that the technology is implemented are influenced, such as the humidity field distribution of concrete, complex boundary Under Concrete surface rate of heat exchange, the damp and hot conduction of inside concrete, thermoregulating system compensation source and its regulation under coupling Standard, the reliability and stability of regulator control system building and system control.Obtaining one kind can be to concrete Life cycle temperature It is predicted, the dam of intelligence, control accurate.

Summary of the invention

Present invention aim to address the above problems, intelligent temperature control dam and regulation method are provided, based on traditional technology Temperature stress increases influence factor of the wet saturation to the Spatial Variability of temperature and humidity in concrete of concrete, using people Work intelligence and gridding control means, the concrete dam construction time begin to establish by dam concrete carry out gridding can Variable topological structure pipe network, and as pouring for dam extends primary topology pipe network, until will be entirely big when completion of works Dam concrete gridding realizes the concrete temperature regulation of dam concrete construction phase and dam operation, in combination with hydrology gas As data such as forecast, the control node of temperature regulation is moved forward, perspective intervention is carried out to unfavorable factor.

The technical scheme is that intelligent temperature control dam, including dam body, further include sequentially connected real-time induction machine, determine Plan supports system and quickly regulation machine, and the quick regulation machine includes multiple industrial personal computers, multiple temperature-compensating sources, variable topology knot Structure pipe network and wireless base station, the primary topology pipe network include multiple multi-pass control units of gridding, and the temperature is mended Repay source, wireless base station is connect with industrial personal computer respectively, the multi-pass control unit is connect through wireless network with wireless base station；It is described real-time Induction machine includes humidity sensor net, the strain sensing of the temperature sensor net of temperature sensor composition, humidity sensor composition The strain gauge net and data processor that strain transducer net, the strain gauge of device composition form, the temperature sensor Net, humidity sensor net, strain transducer net, strain gauge net are connected with data processor respectively；The decision support system System include the decision machine being stored on DSS server, regular generation system, emulation and real-time exhibition system, Knowledge base and model library further include the database being stored on database server；The data processor respectively with database Server, the connection of DSS server；The industrial personal computer is connect with DSS server；The database clothes Business device is connect with dam construction system, weather forecast system, dam operating system.

The primary topology network collocation is in dam body；The primary topology pipe network is three-dimensional connectivity net Network, the mutual intersection of pipeline is equipped with grid node in three-dimensional connectivity network, and the grid node is multi-pass control unit；It is described Primary topology network collocation has multiple openings, and opening is connect with temperature-compensating source；The primary topology pipe network passes through Connectivity between control neighboring mesh nodes controls its topological structure in turn.

The multi-pass control unit includes medium cavity, temperature sensor, controller, radio receiving transmitting module, multiple automatically controlled Valve and heating device；The multi-pass control unit is provided with multiple openings, and electrically-controlled valve is arranged close to open end in cavity, electrically-controlled valve Control terminal is connect with controller；The heating device is set to around medium cavity, and heating device control terminal is connect with controller； Temperature sensor, radio receiving transmitting module are connect with controller respectively.

The model library includes concrete dam surface heat transfer model, concrete dam conduction model, concrete dam moisture field The warm and humid coupling model of model, concrete, primary topology pipe net leakage rate, rule evaluation model；The concrete dam surface heat The factor of exchange model includes temperature, humidity, wind speed, protective layer thickness, strength grade of concrete；The thermally conductive mould of concrete dam The factor of type includes temperature, humidity, age, the ratio of mud, aggregate parameter；The factor of the concrete dam humidity field model includes temperature Degree, age, pressure, moisture content.

The warm and humid coupling model of concrete is using the moisture migration equation in concrete, the heat in dam construction phase concrete Thermophoresis equation in transport equation and dam runtime concrete is to the moisture field in concrete dam, temperature field and warm and humid Coupling phenomenon is described；

Moisture migration equation in the concrete is

τ is the time in formula, and T is concrete temperature,Indicate differential of vector operator, w is concrete relative humidity, is represented single Hygroscopic water weight and unit volume are saturated hygroscopic water weight ratio in concrete in the volume concrete of position；D_m、D_TRespectively mass diffusivity With caloic diffusion coefficient；

Thermophoresis equation in the dam construction phase concrete are as follows:

Wherein ρ_dFor coagulation filling's dry density, c_pIt is unit skeleton quality in concrete (including skeleton and pore water) Total specific heat capacity, λ_eIt is nominal thermal coefficient, the capacity of heat transmission of the capacity of heat transmission and pore water under non-macro transition including skeleton, Q (τ, T) is the heat of hydration of unit volume inner concrete, it is the function of the age of concrete and temperature；

Thermophoresis equation in the dam construction phase concrete are as follows:

The temperature adjusting method of intelligent temperature control dam, specifically includes following steps,

Step 1: the data of weather forecast system, dam construction system, dam operating system are stored in database；

Step 2: associated specialist Subjective Knowledge and experience create-rule are stored in knowledge base；

Step 3: regular generation system is according to historical data in the model and database in model library, dam parameter, quickly Rule is stored in knowledge base by regulation machine parameter create-rule；

Step 3.1: regular generation system use model library model, consider mode input variable it is various it is uncertain because Element is carried out to achieve the purpose that dam temperature regulates and controls using dam temperature control process of the Monte Carlo method to various possible cases Simulation calculus；

Step 3.2: input of the regular generation system according to dam temperature control process simulation calculus, output variable numerical value generate Rule, rule deposit knowledge base；

Step 3.3: the rule of generation being applied in the dam analogue simulation of emulation and real-time exhibition system, in conjunction with history Data and dam analogue simulation data are assessed the control effect of rule, are modified to rule；

Step 4: real-time induction machine acquires dam concrete temperature, humidity, stress, strain data, to temperature sensor net, The data that humidity sensor net, strain gauge net, strain transducer net obtain carry out data check and consistency judgement, and will Data are classified, and are summarized；

Step 4.1: real-time induction machine acquisition dam concrete temperature field, moisture field, stress field, strain field data；

Step 4.2: data processor is to temperature sensor net, humidity sensor net, strain gauge net, strain sensing The data that device net obtains carry out data check and consistency judgement, screen out unreasonable data, and data are classified, and converge Always；

Step 4.3: calculating separately temperature, humidity, the change rate of stress and its higher derivative；

Step 5: decision machine runs number according to data of weather forecast, dam in the output of real-time induction machine and database Accordingly and historical data, rule-based reasoning is carried out using the rule of knowledge base, generates decision conclusions through Analysis of Policy Making, and by decision knot By being changed into control instruction；

Step 6: quickly regulation machine is run according to the control instruction of decision machine, realizes the temperature tune to concrete dam Control, the operating parameter and Temperature of Concrete Dam regulating effect data for quickly regulating and controlling machine are stored in database.

Step 6.1: quickly regulation machine send control instruction to each grid node, and by industrial personal computer to temperature-compensating source into Row control；

Step 6.2: each grid node control instruction based on the received controls electrically-controlled valve in conjunction with grid node Current Temperatures And heating device, and itself control strategy is adjusted according to the operating condition of neighboring mesh nodes around；

Step 6.3: quickly regulation machine collects temperature-compensating source operating parameter and each grid node operating parameter, will run number According to deposit database.

The multi-pass control unit is six logical control units, and the six logical control unit is set respectively along three-dimensional coordinate axis direction It is equipped with 6 openings.

The heating device is heating wire or Electric radiant Heating Film.

The temperature sensor net, humidity sensor net, strain transducer net, strain gauge network arrangements are in dam Portion's different depth position forms the comprehensive real-time monitoring of three-dimensional.The temperature sensor net, humidity sensor net, strain Sensor network, strain gauge net are connected respectively with data processor using dedicated data transmission line or wireless network connection. The sensor for being arranged in inside concrete above passes through data line or wireless network and the data processor being arranged in outside dam Connection.

The data processor of real-time induction machine is connect with database and decision analysis system respectively, will using data processor It monitors after obtained data are handled by analysis and is supplied to database and decision analysis system in real time.

The DSS include emulation with real-time exhibition system, be stored on database server database, Model library, regular generation system, knowledge base and the decision machine composition being stored on DSS server.

The emulation uses the parameter (such as height of dam, dam type, width data) of dam body itself with real-time exhibition system Establish corresponding dam simulation model in proportion on computers.Then in conjunction with the temperature sensing for being arranged in different location in dam body The entity structures such as device net, humidity sensor net, strain transducer net, strain gauge net and primary topology pipe network, also exist It is identified correspondingly on dam simulation model, the dynamic data for then accessing database makes entire dam simulation model can Expression dam actual conditions in real time.

The emulation is based on 3-D Visualization Simulation technology with real-time exhibition system, by Network Programming Technology, 3-D image Processing technique and emulation technology combine, and enable simulation calculation achievement by the network platform, show vividly, side Just user query and according to permission realize data sharing, teleengineering support.

The database provides the information of magnanimity data and real-time update for decision, and main source has 5 major class: the first kind is The reasonable inside concrete data obtained and after self judgment identification screening, such data are monitored by real-time induction machine For instantaneity data, the temperature control demand of dam concrete is directly proposed；Second class is the weather of region where concrete dam Forecast, hydrometeorological information etc., this kind of data are generally the very high predictive data of accuracy, can instruct extreme weather conditions Under temperature regulation carry out stage by stage in advance, increase regulating effect；Third class is dam construction system data, it is mainly and dam The concrete pouring construction phase is related, and decision machine is allowed to provide different regulations according to different progresses and different mixture ratio Scheme；4th class is dam operating system data, it by the dam runtime water storage, generate electricity, drain off floodwaters and information such as sand surfing and big Safety monitoring system information two parts composition that dam itself is arranged；5th class is that dam concrete intelligent temperature regulates and controls behavior, that is, fast Velocity modulation control machine operation front and back data, it include the operating parameter in temperature-compensating source, compensation source from primary topology pipe network to The corresponding time of concrete difference depths and regulating effect etc., this kind of data regulate and control to have no too big practical meaning to implementation when secondary Justice, but important role is improved for following temperature regulation and entire intelligent decision, it can be dam concrete intelligence Temperature regulation system self-teaching and amendment provide critical support.

The emulation uses the model of model library with real-time exhibition system, joins using the data of database as the input of model Number, is merged and is calculated to model using Monte Carlo method, obtain the output data of various parameters situation drag,

The rule generation system is according to emulation and the input of real-time exhibition system, output data create-rule.The rule It then include condition part and conclusion part.The rule generation system uses fuzzy mathematics, by the input variable and output of model The numerical value semantization of variable, is changed into linguistic variable；The rule generation system uses Decision tree classification, by the input of model Variable and output variable form decision tree, according to decision tree generation rule.

The decision machine using artificial intelligence reasoning algorithm carry out rule-based reasoning, decision machine it is defeated Enter the dam temperature field for the output that data include real-time induction machine and Cooling rate data, dam moisture field and gets wet rate number According to, dam strain data, dam stress field data, the input of decision machine further includes data of weather forecast in database, big Dam construction data, dam operation data and historical data.The decision machine is carried out positive using the rule in knowledge base Reasoning is matched according to the input data of decision machine with the rule in knowledge base, according to matched ruled synthesis decision Conclusion.

The temperature-compensating source is used to provide the heat source or cold source of temperature real-time variable to dam concrete.Temperature-compensating Source includes programmable controller, further includes the compressor connecting with programmable controller, condenser, evaporator, heater, conveying Pump, has the function of heating and cooling, and temperature modification scope is 5~80 DEG C.Flow is provided at delivery pump in temperature-compensating source The switch of meter and control flow.

Medium in primary topology pipe network, temperature-compensating source selects the aqua type anti-icing fluid or calcium chloride of ethylene glycol Solution.

The primary topology pipe network is simutaneously arranged when dam concrete starts to pour, and concrete pouring construction terminates Pipeline is just cast in concrete afterwards.

The specific position of primary topology pipe network be in the concrete on big above and below the dam surface, or Inside dam concrete；It is 0.1~2m at a distance from dam surface when in the concrete for being arranged in upstream and downstream surface；

The primary topology pipe network grid is square structure, and square structure side length is 0.1~2m.

The primary topology pipe network is using plastic conduits such as PE pipe, HDPE pipes, or uses aluminum wrapped calandria, seamless steel The preferable pipeline of the materials heating conduction such as pipe, copper pipe；Pipe diameter is 20~100mm.

Intelligent temperature control dam further includes insulating layer, and the heat and moisture preserving protective layer is used to reduce external environment to dam coagulation The influence of native temperature and humidity, using heat insulation properties such as spraying polyurethane rigid foam, sticking polyethylene cystosepiment or benzene plates Can good material, either cover the materials such as one layer of mortar, polymer mortar or anti-aging finishing coat, polyureas in heat and moisture preserving layer surface Material protects heat and moisture preserving layer.

The concrete surface of big above and below the dam and the outer surface of other structures is arranged in the heat and moisture preserving protective layer, protects It is 2~10cm that temperature, which protects wet layer thickness,.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

1) dam temperature regulating tube road network is formatted, introduces grid node of the multi-pass control unit as regulation pipe network, and Sensor group is set around grid node, improves the flexibility and specific aim of the regulation of dam temperature.

2) consider influence of the humidity to dam temperature, introduce moisture migration equation and thermophoresis equation, dissect the warm and humid coupling of dam Mechanism is closed, humidity quantifies the specific influence of dam temperature, improves temperature controlled accuracy；

3) temperature control mode for changing the traditional passivating of dam, introduce data of weather forecast, dam construction data and Dam operation data, and monitoring temperature variation, humidity variation and temperature higher derivative and humidity higher derivative, look-ahead are big Dam temperature regulates and controls the unfavorable factor being likely to occur, and the control node of temperature regulation is moved forward, and becomes traditional passively temperature control Mode is that the temperature of initiative regulates and controls, and reduces the temperature deviation of dam temperature regulation, changes the uncertainty of regulation；

4) according to the design feature of dam, the density of grid node is controlled, weight is carried out to dam privileged sites, keypoint part Point regulation carries out stress buffer by adjusting to region of stress concentration, achievees the purpose that accuracy controlling；

5) dam concrete is monitored by real-time induction system, offer temperature promptly and accurately, humidity, stress, Strain data systematically comprehensively acquires relevant data, avoids the hysteresis quality and unpredictability of artificial acquisition data, is Intelligent control provides accurate data.

6) multi-pass control unit is used at each node, can be six logical control units or four-way control unit, Ke Yigen According to the opening and closing of intelligent decision system instruction control valve, to change the topological structure of primary topology pipe network, according to dam The temperature data and regulation of itself need, and dam is divided into multiple regulatory regions, and the temperature control for different zones concrete needs It asks and accuracy controlling is carried out to single region.

7) model library is used, includes heat transfer model, heat conduction model, humidity field model and warm and humid coupling model etc., Humidity, temperature, stress state of the concrete under various boundary are subjected to modeling and data storage, regulated and controled for intelligent temperature System is provided fundamental basis, and the accuracy of temperature regulation is improved.

8) quickly regulation machine can provide the medium of variable temperatures, both can be as traditional cooling water flowing technology is to concrete Cooling, can also heat up to concrete, achieve the purpose that temperature controlled double-direction real-time, tunable, make dam of the present invention can be Temperature is regulated and controled in Life cycle.

9) Life cycle is all controllable, after dam concrete starts construction, just by pour storehouse section in time construction at It is multiple can intelligent control temperature " position in storehouse ", it and " dam " of the present invention structure design having the same and regulation machine System, regulate and control it can to each independent monolith concrete in the construction time.Simultaneous dam construction carries out, will " position in storehouse " built up regulates and controls theory by their entirety and is attached and integrates, until dam be completed enter the runtime just formed it is of the invention Dam carries out whole temperature regulation in the runtime, achievees the effect that Life cycle regulates and controls.

10) to the breakthrough of tradition and existing concrete dam temperature control technology.The present invention is to lead with dam body self-demand To the traditional viewpoint for controlling dam temperature based on cooling down of change people is drawn in conjunction with concrete self-operating data The heating or cooling regulation of conduction.

11) this dam embodies higher degree of intelligence, does not need personnel's pro-active intervention to the regulation of temperature after the completion of construction, Completed regulation is evaluated and learnt simultaneously, is constantly corrected and perfect, the control of dam concrete internal and external temperature is existed In safe range, the operation conditions of dam is improved, length of service is extended.

12) especially suitable for the area of low-temperature cold, by positive progress intelligent temperature regulation, by dam concrete Ectonexine temperature controls in safe range, reduces temperature gradient and the harm of temperature stress bring.

Detailed description of the invention

Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.

Fig. 1 is the concrete different parts temperature curve graph for having 5cm polyurethane insulation coating.

Fig. 2 is the concrete different parts temperature curve graph without insulating layer.

Fig. 3 is intelligent temperature control dam structure block diagram.

Fig. 4 is real-time 2 distribution schematic diagram of induction machine.

Fig. 5 is quickly to regulate and control 3 structural schematic diagram of machine.

Fig. 6 is 32 structural schematic diagram of temperature-compensating source.

Fig. 7 is 33 structural schematic diagram of primary topology pipe network.

Fig. 8 is intelligent temperature control dam construction Construction procedures figure.

Fig. 9 is the warm and humid Coupling method simulation contact surface of concrete dam.

Figure 10 is concrete dam body Temperature Distribution cloud atlas.

Figure 11 is concrete dam moisture distribution cloud atlas.

Figure 12 is concrete dam stress distribution cloud atlas.

Specific embodiment

The present invention is described in further detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in figure 3, intelligent temperature control dam includes dam concrete dam body 1, it further include real-time induction machine 2, Analysis of Policy Making System and quick regulation machine 3, real-time induction machine 2 are connect with database server, DSS server respectively.Decision branch The system of holding include the decision machine being stored on DSS server, regular generation system, emulation and display systems, Knowledge base and model library further include the database being stored on database server.Quickly regulation machine 3 includes industrial personal computer 31,2 Temperature-compensating source 32, multiple six logical control units, primary topology pipe network 33 and wireless base station 34, temperature-compensating source 32, nothing Line base station 34 is connect with industrial personal computer 31 respectively, and six logical control units are connect through wireless network with wireless base station 34；Industrial personal computer 31 with certainly Plan supports system server connection.Database server and dam construction system, weather forecast system, dam operating system connect It connects.

In the present embodiment, intelligent temperature control dam is laid in High Altitude in West China area, belongs to continental north temperature and cold temperate climate. Dry, spring and autumn is short, and Summer and winter is long.Summer is relatively nice and cool, winter more severe cold, annual temperature range great disparity.Engineering location It is high to manage latitude, solar radiation quantity is small.In embodiment, water-control project barrage is concrete hyperboloid arched dam, maximum height of dam 240m, dam site many years temperature on average are 2.8 DEG C；36.6 DEG C of Extreme Maximum Temperature；- 45 DEG C of Annual lowest climate temperature；Average drop for many years Water is 203.8mm；Actual measurement maximum amount of daily precipitation is 41.2mm, and many years average evaporation capacity (Φ 20cm) is 1447.5mm；For many years Average water surface evaporation is 883mm；Many years mean wind speed 2.4m/s；Maximum wind velocity 35.1m/s；Maximum accumulated snow depth 76cm；It is maximum Frozen soil depth 220cm.

The associated temperature, humidity, stress and strain parameter that dam concrete is sensed using real-time induction machine 2, are passed to Database and decision machine, while the data of dam construction system, weather forecast system and dam operating system being transmitted to Database.Decision machine is carried out by related data of the model in model library to the offer of real-time induction machine 2 and database It calculates, decision is carried out according to knowledge base and regular generation system, is converted to the linguistic variable of specific regulation side.Decision conclusions are passed Quick regulation machine 3 is transported to specifically to be regulated and controled.

As shown in figure 4, induction machine 2 includes temperature sensor net, the humidity sensor 22 that temperature sensor 21 forms in real time The strain sensing that strain gauge net, the strain transducer 24 that humidity sensor net, the strain gauge 23 of composition form form Device net and data processor；Temperature sensor net, humidity sensor net, strain transducer net, strain gauge network arrangements are big Different depth position inside dam, can form the comprehensive real-time monitoring of three-dimensional；Temperature sensor net, is answered at humidity sensor net Change sensor network, strain gauge net is connected with data processor using dedicated data transmission line or wireless network connection.

The data processor of real-time induction machine 2 is connect with database and decision analysis system respectively, utilizes data processor It is supplied to database and decision analysis system in real time after the data that monitoring obtains are handled by analysis.

As shown in fig. 7, primary topology pipe network 33 is three-dimensional connectivity network, be equipped with grid node, grid node with It is connected by the road between grid node, grid node uses six logical control units；Primary topology pipe network 33 is provided with multiple Opening, opening are connect with temperature-compensating source 32, and entire pipe network and the connection of temperature-compensating source 32 forming circuit, temperature-compensating medium exist Circular flow in circuit.Primary topology pipe network 33 controls variable topology by the connectivity between control adjacent node The topological structure in temperature compensation medium circular flow circuit in structure pipe network 33.

Primary topology pipe network 33 is simutaneously arranged when dam concrete starts to pour, after concrete pouring construction Pipeline is just cast in concrete.The specific position of primary topology pipe network 33 can be in the concrete on big above and below the dam surface It is interior, it is also possible to inside dam concrete；When in the concrete for being arranged in upstream and downstream surface, apart from dam facing be 0.1~ 2m.Primary topology pipe network 33 can be arranged with single layer, be also possible to bilayer or multilayer arrangement.33 net of primary topology pipe network Lattice are square structure, and square structure side length is 0.1~2m.33 material of primary topology pipe network can be that PE pipe, HDPE can be used The pipeline of the good material of the thermal conductive properties such as aluminum wrapped calandria, seamless steel pipe, copper pipe can also be used in the plastic conduits such as pipe；Pipe diameter is 20~50mm.

Each crossover location of primary topology pipe network 33 is disposed with a six logical control units to be attached.

Six logical control units include medium cavity, temperature sensor, controller, radio receiving transmitting module, 6 electrically-controlled valves and add Thermal；Heating device is set to around medium cavity；Six logical control units are respectively arranged with 6 along three-dimensional coordinate axis direction and open Mouthful, electrically-controlled valve is arranged close to open end in medium cavity, and the control terminal of electrically-controlled valve is connect with controller；Heating device is set to medium Around cavity, heating device control terminal is connect with controller；Temperature sensor, radio receiving transmitting module are connect with controller respectively.

Controller in six logical control units is connect by radio receiving transmitting module with industrial personal computer 31, and industrial personal computer 31 receives decision Instruction can be directly assigned after conclusion to the opening and closing of controller control electrically-controlled valve, to change the trend of medium in pipe network, formed pre- Fixed regulatory region.

As shown in figure 5, quickly regulation machine 3 include 31,2 temperature-compensating sources 32 of industrial personal computer, multiple six logical control units, can Variable topological structure pipe network 33 and wireless base station 34, temperature-compensating source 32, wireless base station 34 are connect with decision machine respectively, multi-pass Control unit 331 is connect through wireless network with wireless base station 34；Decision machine is connect with database server.Database server It is connect with dam construction system, weather forecast system, dam operating system.

Industrial personal computer 31 is the multi-path distributed control system for integrating hardware and software, including cabinet, bottom plate, power supply, CPU and other accessories composition.31 upper end of industrial personal computer is intelligent decision system, and lower end is multiple temperature-compensating sources 32 and multiple multi-pass Control unit 331.It is using the integrated of industrial personal computer 31, real-time, opening, multitask multithreading that intelligent decision system is raw At language decision conclusions, by open-close on-off, compensation temperature, flow for controlling single or multiple temperature-compensating sources 32 etc. and Open-close on-off in multi-pass control unit 331 forms the tool for implementing control accurate by the specific subregion of primary topology pipe network Temperature regulation and control scheme.Finally by under this regulation and control scheme dam concrete all data and regulating effect feed back to data Library further refines and adjusts to later regulation and control scheme.

Temperature-compensating source 32 is for providing the heat source or cold source of temperature real-time variable to dam concrete, can be benefit The temperature compensating device carried out with flow media.In intelligent temperature control dam and temperature adjusting method, it can arrange as needed One or more temperature-compensating source.

As shown in fig. 6, temperature-compensating source 32 includes programmable controller, it further include the compression being connect with programmable controller Machine 327, condenser 328, evaporator 326, heater 323, delivery pump 320, the input terminal and output end of temperature compensating device 3 it Between be connected in parallel to warming pipeline 321 and cooling pipeline 322；Having heaters 323, warming pipeline 321 are installed on warming pipeline 321 Inlet end and an outlet end valve 324 is respectively installed, the outlet end of warming pipeline 321 is connect with liquid reservoir 325；Cool down pipeline Be successively arranged evaporator 326, compressor 327, condenser 328, throttle mechanism 329 on 322, the input end for the pipeline 322 that cools down and Outlet end is also respectively equipped with valve 324, and the outlet end of cooling pipeline 322 is connect with liquid reservoir 325, liquid reservoir 325 and delivery pump 320 connections.Temperature-compensating source 32 has the function of heating up and cool down that temperature modification scope is at 5 DEG C~80 DEG C.Temperature-compensating source 32 The inside is provided with the valve of flowmeter and controllable flow rate, and high-temperature medium when heating up for reply, valve selects heat resistant and wear resistant Material, such as ceramics.

DSS includes emulation and real-time exhibition system, the database being stored on database server, storage Model library, regular generation system, knowledge base and decision machine composition on DSS server.

It emulates and is being counted with real-time exhibition system using the parameter (such as height of dam, dam type, width data) of dam body itself Corresponding dam simulation model is established on calculation machine in proportion.Then in conjunction with the temperature sensor for being arranged in different location in dam body The entity structures such as net, humidity sensor net, strain transducer net, strain gauge net and primary topology pipe network, also big It is identified correspondingly on dam simulation model, the multidate information for then accessing database makes entire dam simulation model can be real When express dam actual conditions.

Emulation is constructed with real-time exhibition system by following technology:

(1) Element Design and trim designs function of CATIA software, entity structure and spy in conjunction with concrete dam are used Sign, platform establishes dam threedimensional model, and the second development interface provided based on CATIA, using VBA technology combination variable topology The grid of structure pipe network carries out grid dividing to three-dimensional simulation model；

(2) dam construction data are combined, establish dam simulation model using computer programming；By real-time induction machine 2 Sensor network location parameter precise marking in dam simulation model；

(3) Database Systems are connected, data real-time update and transmitting is kept, keeps dam simulation model big with dynamic representation The real-time change of dam entity；

(4) Network Programming Technology and database technology are utilized, the emulation based on dam simulation model and real-time exhibition are developed System；Space technology is played using three-dimensional, the emulated interface or real-time pictures of dam temperature control process are shown to dam management personnel, And temperature, humidity, the stress and strain data of Dynamic Display dam interior point.

Database provides the information of magnanimity data and real-time update for decision, and main source has 5 major class；

The first kind is to be obtained by the monitoring of real-time induction machine 2 and identify the reasonable concrete after screening by self judgment Internal data, such data are instantaneity data, directly propose the temperature control demand of dam concrete；Second class is that concrete is big The weather forecast of region where dam, hydrometeorological information etc., this kind of data are generally the very high predictive data of accuracy, can be with It instructs the temperature under extreme weather conditions to regulate and control to carry out stage by stage in advance, increases regulating effect；Third class is dam construction system Data, it is mainly related to the dam concrete placement construction time, and decision machine is matched according to different progresses and difference Composition and division in a proportion provides different regulation and control schemes；4th class be dam operating system data, it by the dam runtime water storage, power generation, row Safety monitoring system information two parts composition that the information and dam itself such as flood and sand surfing are arranged；5th class is dam concrete intelligence Can temperature regulation behavior be quickly regulation machine 3 operation front and back data, it include the operating parameter in temperature-compensating source, compensation source from Primary topology pipe network is to the corresponding time of concrete difference depths and regulating effect etc., and this kind of data are to implementation when time tune Control has no too big practical significance, but improves important role for following temperature regulation and entire intelligent decision, can be with Critical support is provided for dam concrete intelligent temperature regulator control system self-teaching and amendment.

Model library is to calculate side with the operation conditions of dam concrete mainly based on database items dynamic data Boundary's condition chooses one or more variable inputs, obtains changing or pouring aquation inside initial stage in ambient temperature In the case where generating internal-external temperature difference when hot movable violent, the Reasonable Regulation And Control range of the control temperature difference and stress is obtained.

Model library include concrete dam surface heat transfer model, concrete dam conduction model, concrete dam humidity field model, The warm and humid coupling model of concrete, primary topology pipe net leakage rate and rule evaluation model；Concrete dam surface heat transfer model Factor include temperature, humidity, wind speed, protective layer thickness, strength grade of concrete etc.；The factor packet of concrete dam conduction model Include temperature, humidity, age, the ratio of mud, aggregate parameter etc.；The factor of concrete dam humidity field model includes temperature, age, pressure Gradient, moisture content gradient etc..

Concrete dam surface heat transfer model determines the temperature field of needs using thermal conduction differential equation.What is used is mixed Thermal conduction differential equation in solidifying soil is

In formula,For along the temperature gradient of time,Respectively along x, y, z coordinate direction Temperature gradient；A is temperature diffusivity；θ is the adiabatic temperature rise of concrete.

It is third boundary condition when boundary condition is concrete surface and air contacts, by the heat of concrete surface Flow is

λ is thermal coefficient in formula, and n is surface exterior normal direction, λ_cFor the thermal coefficient of fluid, δ is sticky laminar boundary layer Thickness, T indicate concrete temperature, T_aIndicate temperature.

Concrete dam conduction model describes in concrete the temperature variation relation with space at any time using the equation of heat conduction, When primary topology pipe network 33 is regulated and controled to concrete temperature, the equation of heat conduction is

Wherein n is surface exterior normal direction, n_x、n_y、n_zRespectively indicate the component of x, y, z coordinate direction, K_x、K_y、K_zRespectively It is object along the coefficient of heat conduction of x, y, z coordinate direction, q indicates heat flow.

The warm and humid coupling model of concrete using in concrete moisture migration equation and thermophoresis equation in concrete dam Moisture field, temperature field and warm and humid coupling phenomenon be described；

Moisture migration equation in concrete is

τ is the time in formula, and T is concrete temperature,Indicate differential of vector operator, w is concrete relative humidity, is represented single Hygroscopic water weight and unit volume are saturated hygroscopic water weight ratio in concrete in the volume concrete of position；D_m、D_TRespectively mass diffusivity With caloic diffusion coefficient.

Migration of the liquid water under gradient of capillary pressure effect in concreteFor

ρ in formula_wIt is liquid water density；ε is concrete pore rate；W is concrete relative humidity, represents unit volume coagulation Hygroscopic water weight and unit volume are saturated hygroscopic water weight ratio in concrete in soil；K (w) is specific permeability, represents liquid in hole Water connection is the function of relative humidity, and related to concrete pore rate；μ (T) is that the power of wet phase fluid is viscous Degree；p_cIt is capillary pressure；n_x、n_y、n_zIt is the unit m-cosine of liquid water migration and three directions of x, y, z respectively.

Migration of the vaporous water under gaseous state water partial pressure in concreteFor

P in formula_vFor gaseous state water partial pressure；B (w) is that gas molecule in space extends influence function, it represents gas phase in concrete and propagates The cross-sectional area in channel, it is the function in concrete with respect to water capacity, is also influenced by concrete pore rate；D (T) is water steaming Gas-air coefficient of molecular diffusion.

Total wet spun J in concrete_wIt (is migrated and gaseous state water partial pressure including the liquid water in the case where gradient of capillary pressure acts on Vapour complex under effect) be

Formula 1 and formula 2 are substituted into formula 3, had

3 right end items of formula are driven into item and moist gradient driving item classification by temperature gradient is belonged to, then total wet spun It can be write as

In formula 5, enable

In formula 6,7, D_m、D_TRespectively mass diffusivity and caloic diffusion coefficient then obtain total wet spun J_w,

Then wetness control equation is

τ is the time in formula, and formula (9) is

Dam construction phase, the thermophoresis equation in concrete are as follows:

Wherein ρ_dFor coagulation filling's dry density, c_pIt is unit skeleton quality in concrete (including skeleton and pore water) Total specific heat capacity, λ_eIt is nominal thermal coefficient, the capacity of heat transmission of the capacity of heat transmission and pore water under non-macro transition including skeleton, Q (τ, T) is the heat of hydration of unit volume inner concrete, it is the function of the age of concrete and temperature.

Dam runtime, the thermophoresis equation in concrete are as follows:

According to the moisture migration equation and thermophoresis equation of concrete, in conjunction with corresponding mechanics constitutive relation, using limited list First method carries out the discrete of time and space to governing equation, to form linear algebraic equation systems, it is three-dimensional to construct corresponding dam body FEM calculation grid introduces corresponding primary condition, such as temperature, load.And boundary condition, as known temperature boundary, Known heat flow boundary etc., solves warm and humid coupling process, obtains the temperature, humidity and stress at each position of dam body in real time Data provide data supporting for the decision system of intelligent temperature control dam, and finite element solving flow chart is as shown in Figure 9.

Regular generation system uses the model of model library, the input parameter using the data of database as model, using illiteracy Special Caro method is merged and is calculated to model, obtains the output data of various parameters situation drag, and according to model Input, output data create-rule.Rule includes condition part and conclusion part.Regular generation system uses fuzzy mathematics, will The input variable of model and the numerical value semantization of output variable, are changed into linguistic variable；Regular generation system is using decision tree point The input variable of model and output variable are formed decision tree, according to decision tree generation rule by class method.

Decision machine carries out rule-based reasoning, the input number of decision machine using the reasoning algorithm of artificial intelligence According to the dam temperature field for the output for including real-time induction machine 2 and Cooling rate data, dam moisture field and get wet speed data, big Dam strain data, dam stress field data, the input of decision machine further include data of weather forecast in database, dam construction Data, dam operation data and historical data etc..Decision machine carries out forward reasoning using the rule in knowledge base, according to The input data of decision machine is matched with the rule in knowledge base, according to matched ruled synthesis decision conclusions.

When the construction time, inside concrete hy-dration reaction dramatic temperature was higher, temperature-compensating source 32 is connected to the finger of industrial personal computer 31 The compensation source for producing suitable temperature after order by compressor, evaporator, condenser, is then supplied to variable topology using delivery pump Structure pipe network is finally transported to the position that dam concrete carries out cooling compensation；Carry out interim, table in low temperature season or cold wave When layer concrete, which is influenced temperature by the external world, to be reduced, temperature compensating device is connected to after industrial personal computer 31 instructs and is produced properly by heating tube The compensation source of temperature, is then supplied to primary topology pipe network using delivery pump, be finally transported to dam concrete need into The position of row cooling compensation.

In order to cope with cold snap, the medium in primary topology pipe network can select the aqua type of ethylene glycol antifreeze The media such as liquid or calcium chloride solution.

Intelligent temperature control dam also includes the heat and moisture preserving protective layer outside dam concrete, and insulating layer selects spraying polyurethane Rigid foam heat and moisture preserving material also can be selected and paste styrofoam, extruded sheet, polyethylene etc.；Thickness can be in 1cm~20cm In range.It is destroyed to cope with the ice pressure of cold district, a protective layer can be covered in insulation layer surface, protective layer can be selected Ordinary mortar, polymer mortar, anti-aging finishing coat, polyureas etc..

As shown in figure 8, the construction method of intelligent temperature control dam, specifically includes following steps,

Step 1: arranging real-time induction machine 2；

Step 1.1: when dam concrete sequence placing, predetermined position fixes more temperature by predetermined scheme arrangement in storehouse Degree, humidity, stress, strain transducer；

Step 1.2: pouring the good corresponding data processor of fixed position arrangement outside storehouse, and using data line or nothing Line base station 34 connects sensor and data processor matching；

Step 1.3: each branch sensor in sensor network being tested and verified, and data processor and decision are divided Analyse the database connection in library；

Step 1.4: data processor is to temperature sensor net, humidity sensor net, strain gauge net, strain transducer The data that net obtains carry out data check and consistency judgement, remove unreasonable data, and data are classified, summarize；

Step 1.5: calculating separately temperature, humidity, the change rate of stress and higher derivative；By treated, data are transmitted To database；

Step 2: arrangement quickly regulates and controls machine 3；

Step 2.1: when dam concrete sequence placing, predetermined position fixes variable open up by predetermined scheme arrangement in storehouse Structure pipe network is flutterred, pipe network, multi-pass control unit 331 etc. are included；

Step 2.2: pouring the good industrial personal computer 31 of fixed position arrangement outside storehouse, temperature-compensating source 32 and wireless base station 34；

Step 2.3: by the primary topology pipe network benefit inside industrial personal computer 31, temperature-compensating source 32 and the dam body outside dam body It is connected and is tested with wireless base station 34；

Step 3: establishing virtual dam simulation model corresponding with concrete dam entity；

Step 3.1: establishing computer corresponding with entity project according to the inherent parameters of dam and concreting progress Virtual emulation model；

Step 3.2: according to 2 scheme of real-time induction machine of arrangement, by the corresponding temperature of provider location, wet in dummy model Degree, stress, strain transducer net are positioned and are identified；

Step 3.3:, will be corresponding with provider location variable in dummy model according to quick 3 scheme of regulation machine of arrangement Topological structure pipe network is positioned and is identified；

Step 4: establishing database；

Step 4.1: the data transmitted by real-time 2 data processor of induction machine are stored in database；

Step 4.2: just by the weather forecast in engineering location and hydrometeorological information and coagulation before concrete dam construction The database of native dam intelligent temperature regulator control system connects, and database can read in real time Weather information and timely update, when cold Tide arrives or weather is when will have dramatic temperature variation, intelligent decision system can be carried out in advance according to these information heating or Person, which cools down, to be regulated and controled；

Start to carry out concrete pouring construction along with dam, by dam construction system access database, database can be with The information such as time, progress and intensity, match ratio that pour of concrete are read in real time, it is high-intensitive in the big scale of construction of construction time The stages such as high heat of hydration intelligent decision preferably can prejudge and make timely regulation；

Step 4.3: the related data of quick regulation machine 3 being stored in database in real time and keeps updating；

Step 4.4: database is connect with dam simulation model, and the data obtained in database from each side are supplied in time Dam simulation model is simultaneously inputted as variable；

Step 5: establishing DSS, carry out analysis decision；

Step 5.1: concrete surface under dam concrete humidity field model that theoretical research is obtained, complicated boundary condition Dam concrete conduction model and the warm and humid coupling model of dam concrete are stored in model library under heat transfer model, temperature match curing conditions；

Step 5.2: using the model of model library, considering the various uncertainties of mode input variable, determine dam temperature The target of regulation regulates and controls to carry out using Monte Carlo method in conjunction with the virtual dam simulation model having built up to dam temperature Dynamic Simulation；

Step 5.3: regulating and controlling input, the output variable numerical value of Dynamic Simulation, create-rule, rule according to dam temperature It is stored in knowledge base；

Step 5.4: expert's temperature control representation of knowledge is stored in knowledge base at rule；

Step 5.5: the rule of generation being applied in dam analogue simulation, in conjunction with historical data and dam analogue simulation number According to, assess rule control effect, rule is modified；

Step 5.6: forward reasoning being carried out using the rule in knowledge base, according to the input data of decision machine, and is known The rule known in library is matched, and according to matched ruled synthesis decision conclusions, decision conclusions is sent to industrial personal computer 31 and are formed Specific temperature regulation measure；

Step 6: quickly regulation machine 3 implements regulation；

Step 6.1: quick regulation machine 3 is converted to specific control instruction according to decision conclusions, sends instructions to variable open up Flutter the online multi-pass control unit 331 of structural tube, the opening and closing of control switch；

Step 6.2: sending instructions to temperature-compensating source 32, control temperature, flow and the rate etc. in temperature-compensating source 32；

Step 7: staining effect response；

Step 7.1: after temperature regulation starts, by the operating parameter real-time Transmission of quick regulation machine 3 to database；

Step 7.2: the concrete all data after excess temperature regulates and controls feeds back to database, how determines regulation for decision machine When stop or continue to regulate and control, reach dynamic response effect；

Step 7.3: after single regulation behavior, regulation efficiency and effect are judged using decision analysis system, Reference is provided for regulation next time, enable a system to carry out self-teaching and is continued to optimize；

Step 8: heat and moisture preserving protective layer is established；

Step 8.1: after the completion of dam concrete list storehouse or more storehouses pour, reach heat and moisture preserving protective layer execution conditions and Shi Jinhang correlation operation, initially sets up heat and moisture preserving layer, and that protective layer is completed when satisfying the requirements establishes work；

Step 8.2: the related data of heat and moisture preserving protective layer being stored in database, is calculated for each model and rule generates Real-time boundary condition data are provided；

Step 9: real-time induction machine 2, the extension of primary topology pipe network 33 and global optimization；

Step 9.1: with the progress of dam concrete placement, by temperature controlled purpose and needs, especially in dam Keypoint part and privileged sites further lay temperature, humidity, stress, strain transducer, extended temperature sensor network, humidity Sensor network, strain gauge net and strain transducer net are arranged multi-pass control unit 331, and multi-pass control unit 331 are used Pipeline connection, primary topology pipe network 33 is expanded；

Step 9.2: after the completion of dam construction construction, from the angle of intelligent dam global optimization, design temperature compensates source 32 Quantity and specific installation site, and as needed near the interface that primary topology pipe network 33 is connect with temperature-compensating source 32 It is arranged in pipeline multiple for controlling in pipeline medium flow field to the pressure pump with pressure；

Step 9.3: after concrete dam puts into operation, dam operating system being accessed into database, such dam is existing Safety monitoring data can share to database, on the basis of real-time induction machine 2 existing sensor network, in conjunction with dam safety The concrete information that the data of monitoring system can refine position to deeper time and more is grasped comprehensively.During dam operation Water storage, generate electricity, drain off floodwaters plan etc. with sand surfing etc. caused by after SEA LEVEL VARIATION deposit database, facilitate intelligent decision system and play a game The variation of portion's concrete temperature carries out active temperature regulation.

The temperature adjusting method of intelligent temperature control dam, specifically includes following steps,

Step 1: the data of weather forecast system, dam construction system, dam operating system are stored in database；

Step 2: associated specialist Subjective Knowledge and experience create-rule are stored in knowledge base；

Step 3: regular generation system is according to historical data in the model and database in model library, dam parameter, quickly Rule is stored in knowledge base by 3 parameter create-rule of regulation machine；

Step 3.1: regular generation system use model library model, consider mode input variable it is various it is uncertain because Element is carried out to achieve the purpose that dam temperature regulates and controls using dam temperature control process of the Monte Carlo method to various possible cases Simulation calculus；

Step 3.2: input of the regular generation system according to dam temperature control process simulation calculus, output variable numerical value generate Rule, rule deposit knowledge base；

Step 3.3: the rule of generation being applied in the dam analogue simulation of emulation and real-time exhibition system, in conjunction with history Data and dam analogue simulation data, using the control effect of rule evaluation model evaluation rule, expert is according to regular assessment As a result rule is modified；

Step 4: real-time induction machine 2 acquires dam concrete temperature, humidity, stress, strain data, to temperature sensor The data that net, humidity sensor net, strain gauge net, strain transducer net obtain carry out data check and consistency judgement, And data are classified, summarize；

Step 4.1: real-time induction machine 2 acquires dam concrete temperature field, moisture field, stress field, strain field data；

Step 4.2: data processor is to temperature sensor net, humidity sensor net, strain gauge net, strain sensing The data that device net obtains carry out data check and consistency judgement, screen out unreasonable data, and data are classified, and converge Always；

Step 4.3: calculating separately temperature, humidity, the change rate of stress and its higher derivative；

Step 5: decision machine is run according to data of weather forecast, dam in the output of real-time induction machine 2 and database Data and historical data carry out rule-based reasoning using the rule of knowledge base, generate decision conclusions through Analysis of Policy Making, and by decision Conclusion is changed into control instruction；

Step 6: quickly regulation machine 3 is run according to the control instruction of decision machine, realizes the temperature tune to concrete dam Control, the operating parameter and Temperature of Concrete Dam regulating effect data for quickly regulating and controlling machine 3 are stored in database.

Step 6.1: quickly regulation machine 3 sends control instruction to each grid node, and by industrial personal computer 31 to temperature-compensating Source 32 is controlled；

Step 6.2: each grid node control instruction based on the received controls electrically-controlled valve in conjunction with grid node Current Temperatures And heating device, and itself control strategy is adjusted according to the operating condition of neighboring mesh nodes around；

Step 6.3: quickly regulation machine 3 collects 32 operating parameter of temperature-compensating source and each grid node operating parameter, will transport Row data are stored in database.

In step 6, Temperature of Concrete Dam regulating effect data include temperature regulation response time, dam temperature and regulation mesh Mark deviation, the coefficient of variation in dam temperature field etc. of temperature.

As shown in figs. 10-12, emulation shows that intelligent temperature control is big to intelligent temperature control dam management personnel with real-time exhibition system The temperature field of dam simulated effect or real time intelligent temperature dam, moisture field and stress field, administrative staff understand intelligent temperature control in real time The dynamic parameter of dam.

Claims (10)

1. intelligent temperature control dam, including dam body (1), which is characterized in that further include sequentially connected real-time induction machine (2), decision Support system and quickly regulation machine (3), the quick regulation machine (3) includes multiple industrial personal computers (31), multiple temperature-compensating sources (32), primary topology pipe network (33) and wireless base station (34), the primary topology pipe network (33) includes gridding Multiple multi-pass control units (331), the temperature-compensating source (32), wireless base station (34) are connect with industrial personal computer (31) respectively, institute It states multi-pass control unit (331) and is connect through wireless network with wireless base station (34)；Primary topology pipe network (33) setting In dam body (1).

2. intelligent temperature control dam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the real-time induction machine (2) includes that temperature passes The temperature sensor net of sensor (21) composition, the humidity sensor net of humidity sensor (22) composition, strain gauge (23) group At strain gauge net, strain transducer (24) composition strain transducer net and data processor, the temperature sensor Net, humidity sensor net, strain transducer net, strain gauge net are connected with data processor respectively；The decision support system System include the decision machine being stored on DSS server, regular generation system, emulation and real-time exhibition system, Knowledge base and model library further include the database being stored on database server；The data processor respectively with database Server, the connection of DSS server；The industrial personal computer (31) connect with DSS server；The data Library server is connect with dam construction system, weather forecast system, dam operating system.

3. intelligent temperature control dam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the primary topology pipe network (33) is vertical Body connectivity network, the mutual intersection of pipeline is equipped with grid node in three-dimensional connectivity network, and the grid node is multi-pass control Unit (331) processed；The primary topology pipe network (33) is provided with multiple openings, and opening is connect with temperature-compensating source (32)； The primary topology pipe network (33) controls its topological structure by the connectivity between control neighboring mesh nodes.

4. intelligent temperature control dam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the multi-pass control unit (331) includes being situated between Matter cavity, temperature sensor, controller, radio receiving transmitting module, multiple electrically-controlled valves and heating device；The multi-pass control unit (331) multiple openings are provided with, electrically-controlled valve is arranged close to open end in medium cavity, and the control terminal of electrically-controlled valve is connect with controller； The heating device is set to around medium cavity, and heating device control terminal is connect with controller；Temperature sensor, wireless receiving and dispatching Module is connect with controller respectively.

5. intelligent temperature control dam according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the model library includes concrete dam surface heat Exchange model, concrete dam conduction model, concrete dam humidity field model, the warm and humid coupling model of concrete, primary topology Pipe net leakage rate, rule evaluation model；The factor of concrete dam surface heat transfer model includes temperature, humidity, wind speed, protection Thickness degree, strength grade of concrete；The factor of the concrete dam conduction model includes temperature, humidity, age, the ratio of mud, bone Expect parameter；The factor of the concrete dam humidity field model includes temperature, age, barometric gradient, moisture content gradient.

6. model library according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the warm and humid coupling model of concrete is using in concrete Moisture migration equation, the thermophoresis equation in dam construction phase concrete and the thermophoresis equation pair in dam runtime concrete Moisture field, temperature field and warm and humid coupling phenomenon in concrete dam are described；

Moisture migration equation in the concrete is

τ is the time in formula, and T is concrete temperature,Indicate differential of vector operator, w is concrete relative humidity, represents unit bodies Hygroscopic water weight and unit volume are saturated hygroscopic water weight ratio in concrete in product concrete；D_m、D_TRespectively mass diffusivity and heat Mass diffusivity；

Thermophoresis equation in the dam construction phase concrete are as follows:

Wherein ρ_dFor coagulation filling's dry density, c_pIt is total specific heat of the unit skeleton quality including skeleton and pore water in concrete Hold, λ_eIt is nominal thermal coefficient, the capacity of heat transmission of the capacity of heat transmission and pore water under non-macro transition including skeleton, Q (τ, T) For the heat of hydration of unit volume inner concrete, it is the function of the age of concrete and temperature；

Thermophoresis equation in the dam runtime concrete are as follows:

7. using the temperature adjusting method of intelligent temperature control dam as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that specifically include following step Suddenly,

Step 1: the data of weather forecast system, dam construction system, dam operating system are stored in database；

Step 2: associated specialist Subjective Knowledge and experience create-rule are stored in knowledge base；

Step 3: regular generation system is according to historical data, dam parameter, quickly regulation in the model and database in model library Rule is stored in knowledge base by machine (3) parameter create-rule；

Step 3.1: regular generation system uses the model of model library, considers the various uncertain factors of mode input variable, is Achieve the purpose that dam temperature regulates and controls, simulation is carried out using dam temperature control process of the Monte Carlo method to various possible cases and is drilled It calculates；

Step 3.2: input of the regular generation system according to dam temperature control process simulation calculus, output variable numerical value, create-rule, Rule deposit knowledge base；

Step 3.3: the rule of generation being applied in the dam analogue simulation of emulation and real-time exhibition system, in conjunction with historical data With dam analogue simulation data, the control effect of rule is assessed, rule is modified；

Step 4: real-time induction machine (2) acquires dam concrete temperature, humidity, stress, strain data, to temperature sensor net, The data that humidity sensor net, strain gauge net, strain transducer net obtain carry out data check and consistency judgement, and will Data are classified, and are summarized；

Step 4.1: real-time induction machine (2) acquisition dam concrete temperature field, moisture field, stress field, strain field data；

Step 4.2: data processor is to temperature sensor net, humidity sensor net, strain gauge net, strain transducer net The data of acquisition carry out data check and consistency judgement, screen out unreasonable data, and data are classified, summarize；

Step 4.3: calculating separately temperature, humidity, the change rate of stress and its higher derivative；

Step 5: decision machine runs number according to data of weather forecast, dam in the output of real-time induction machine (2) and database Accordingly and historical data, rule-based reasoning is carried out using the rule of knowledge base, generates decision conclusions through Analysis of Policy Making, and by decision knot By being changed into control instruction；

Step 6: quickly regulate and control machine (3) and run according to the control instruction of decision machine, realizes and the temperature of concrete dam is regulated and controled, Quickly the operating parameter and Temperature of Concrete Dam regulating effect data of regulation machine (3) are stored in database；

Step 6.1: quickly regulating and controlling machine (3) and send control instruction to each grid node, and by industrial personal computer (31) to temperature-compensating Source (32) is controlled；

Step 6.2: control instruction controls electrically-controlled valve and adds each grid node in conjunction with grid node Current Temperatures based on the received Thermal, and itself control strategy is adjusted according to the operating condition of neighboring mesh nodes around；

Step 6.3: quickly regulating and controlling machine (3) and collect temperature-compensating source (32) operating parameter and each grid node operating parameter, will transport Row data are stored in database.

8. intelligent temperature control dam described in -6 any one according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include heat and moisture preserving protection Layer, on upstream and downstream dam surface, the heat and moisture preserving overcoat thickness is 2-10cm for the heat and moisture preserving protective layer setting.

9. intelligent temperature control dam described in -6 any one according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the multi-pass control unit It (331) is six logical control units, the six logical control unit is respectively arranged with 6 openings along three-dimensional coordinate axis direction.

10. intelligent temperature control dam according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the heating device is heating wire or electric heating Film.