CN109114998B - Design calculation method for fog dissipation transformation of mechanical ventilation counter-flow cooling tower - Google Patents
Design calculation method for fog dissipation transformation of mechanical ventilation counter-flow cooling tower Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
- F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
- F28C1/02—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers with counter-current only
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- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
- F28F27/003—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus specially adapted for cooling towers
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Abstract
The invention provides a design calculation method for fog dissipation modification of a mechanical ventilation counter-flow cooling tower, which belongs to the technical field of cooling towers and comprises the following steps: obtaining the size of an original cooling tower; the size of the original cooling tower comprises air inlet height (m), air inlet width (m), tower length (m) and tower width (m); acquiring environmental meteorological conditions; the ambient meteorological conditions comprise ambient atmospheric pressure Pa (kPa), ambient air dry bulb temperature theta (DEG C), ambient air wet bulb temperature tau (DEG C); obtaining a cooling task; the cooling task comprises a single tower circulating water quantity Q (m)3/h), circulating water temperature drop Δ Tw (° c); obtaining the characteristics of the filler; the filler characteristics are fitted through experimental data or actual operation data to obtain the design, so that the cyclic utilization rate of water is improved, the industrial water consumption is reduced, and the influence of the fogging of the cooling tower on urban landscapes and traffic can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a design and calculation method for fog dissipation transformation of a mechanical ventilation counter-flow cooling tower, and belongs to the technical field of cooling towers.
Background
In the prior art, the mechanical ventilation cooling tower is widely applied to industries such as petroleum, chemical engineering, metallurgy, civil refrigeration and the like. The water conservation and the high-efficiency water use are important for the national economic and social development. The method has important practical significance in researching industrial water conservation problems, developing a new water conservation technology, improving the water recycling rate and reducing the industrial water consumption. On the other hand, people have increasingly higher requirements on environmental protection. The cooling tower is fogged to seriously destroy urban landscape and visibility, influence traffic and influence airplane take-off and landing near airports. The quantity of the stored cooling towers is large, and the method for carrying out defogging transformation on the stored cooling towers is the most economical and feasible method. The precise design of the defogging type cooling tower is crucial to the defogging of the cooling tower. Directly affects the final effect of defogging and the amount of investment, so a new technology is needed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a design and calculation method for fog dissipation modification of a mechanical ventilation counter-flow cooling tower, which aims to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a design calculation method for fog dissipation transformation of a mechanical ventilation counter-flow cooling tower comprises the following steps:
s1: obtaining the size of an original cooling tower; the size of the original cooling tower comprises air inlet height (m), air inlet width (m), tower length (m) and tower width (m);
s2: acquiring environmental meteorological conditions; the ambient meteorological conditions comprise ambient atmospheric pressure Pa (kPa), ambient air dry bulb temperature theta (DEG C), ambient air wet bulb temperature Th (DEG C);
s3: obtaining a cooling task; the cooling task comprises a single tower circulating water quantity Q (m)3/h), circulating water temperature drop Δ Tw (° c);
s4: obtaining the characteristics of the filler; the filler characteristics are obtained by fitting experimental data or actual operation data;
(N cooling number, An cooling number coefficient, Mn cooling number index, lambda gas-water ratio);
s5: determining the characteristics of the fog dispersal modules; the fog dispersal module characteristics are based on the heat transfer characteristics and the resistance characteristics of the fog dispersal module obtained by numerical experiments and pilot tower experiments;
s6: calculating the balance of cold and hot wind resistance; based on the resistance characteristic of the fog dispersal module, the resistance balance calculation of the cold air quantity Gd and the hot air quantity Gw is carried out, the cold air quantity and the hot air quantity are calculated on the basis of the existing fans, motors and other equipment, and the resistance characteristic of the original tower is obtained
ΔP/γa＝ApυM,Ap＝A2q2+A1q+A0,M＝M2q2+M1q+M0Calculating the resistance of a wet section to obtain the static pressure of the wet section, calculating the air resistance of a cold section to obtain the static pressure of cold air of the fog dispersal module, and determining the distribution of the hot air quantity Gw and the cold air quantity Gd when the resistance is balanced through repeated iteration;
s7: adjusting the air quantity G of the fan, and referring to the characteristics of the existing fan, performing air quantity control,Wind pressure Δ P ═ N' (kW) × 3600000 × η1/G(m3/h)＝N′(kW)×1000×η1/G(m3And/s), and the like, comparing the static pressure of the wet section, the static pressure of cold air and the static pressure of a fan, and balancing resistance when the static pressure of the wet section, the static pressure of cold air and the static pressure of the fan are equal to each other to obtain the determined total air volume, the air intake volume of the wet section and the cooling air volume of the fog dissipation module;
s8: through comparison and calculation of the cooling number N and experiments, the water temperature Tw1 entering the tower and the water temperature Tw2 leaving the tower are determined,
wherein i "1、i"2、i"mSaturated air enthalpy i corresponding to the water temperature in the tower, the water temperature out of the tower and the average water temperature1、i2、imRespectively are the average values of the air enthalpy of the tower inlet, the air enthalpy of the tower outlet and the air enthalpy of the tower inlet and the tower outlet;
s9: calculating the temperature and the moisture content of the outlet of the wet air filler through iteration;
s, 10: iteratively calculating the outlet temperature of the wet air out of the fog dissipation module, and calculating the moisture content x and the temperature t of the mixed air behind the fog dissipation module;
s11: tower outlet fogging analysis: simulating the mixing process of the outlet of the cooling tower and the ambient air through the steps, connecting the mixed air point behind the fog dispersal module and the air point on a temperature-humidity diagram into a straight line, taking ten points, respectively comparing the ten points with corresponding points of a saturated temperature line, if the ten points are all in an unsaturated zone, meeting the fog dispersal effect, and if the ten points are not met, adjusting the size (the side length of a single side and the height of an air inlet) of the fog dispersal module to recalculate until the fog dispersal condition is met;
s12: analyzing and optimizing fog dispersal economy; the air intake of the wet section is calculated through S7, the water saving amount is calculated after the moisture content in front of and behind the fog dispersal module is calculated through S10, the total water saving benefit is calculated through the water price and the number of the fog dispersal towers, on the basis of the steps, the arrangement mode of the fog dispersal module is further optimized, the cold and hot air resistance balance calculation, the air quantity adjustment of the fan, the performance calculation of the cooling tower, the wet air parameter calculation above the filler, the heat transfer calculation of the fog dispersal module, the air mixing calculation of the outlet of the fog dispersal module, the fog formation analysis of the outlet of the tower and the like are repeated, the fog dispersal design point can be reduced, and the annual water saving benefit can be.
Furthermore, the fog dispersal module forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal line, humid and hot air is mixed into one side of the fog dispersal module, ambient air is mixed into the other side of the fog dispersal module, and the ambient air enters from an opening on the side surface of the cooling tower.
Further, analyzing the fog formation at the tower outlet, simulating the mixing process of the cooling tower outlet and the ambient air, connecting the mixed air point behind the fog dissipation module and the air point on a temperature-humidity diagram into a straight line, and taking ten points to respectively compare with corresponding points of a saturation temperature line.
Further, the balance of cold and hot air resistance is calculated, and the total air volume G is adjusted after the distribution of the Gw and Gd air volumes is completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the design calculation method for fog dissipation modification of the mechanical ventilation counter-flow cooling tower improves the water circulation utilization rate, reduces the industrial water consumption, and can effectively reduce the influence of the fog formation of the cooling tower on urban landscapes and traffic.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a design calculation method for fog dispersal modification of a mechanical draft counterflow cooling tower of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an installation diagram of a defogging module in the design and calculation method for defogging reformation of the mechanical ventilation counter-flow cooling tower according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a fogging analysis in a design calculation method of a mechanical draft counterflow cooling tower defogging reconstruction of the present invention;
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution: a design calculation method for fog dissipation transformation of a mechanical ventilation counter-flow cooling tower comprises the following steps:
s1: obtaining the size of an original cooling tower; the size of the original cooling tower comprises air inlet height (m), air inlet width (m), tower length (m) and tower width (m);
s2: acquiring environmental meteorological conditions; the ambient meteorological conditions comprise ambient atmospheric pressure Pa (kPa), ambient air dry bulb temperature theta (DEG C), ambient air wet bulb temperature Th (DEG C);
s3: obtaining a cooling task; the cooling task comprises a single tower circulating water quantity Q (m)3/h), circulating water temperature drop Δ Tw (° c);
s4: obtaining the characteristics of the filler; the filler characteristics are obtained by fitting experimental data or actual operation data;
(N cooling number, An cooling number coefficient, Mn cooling number index, lambda gas-water ratio),
s5: determining the characteristics of the fog dispersal modules; the fog dispersal module characteristics are based on the heat transfer characteristics and the resistance characteristics of the fog dispersal module obtained by numerical experiments and pilot tower experiments;
s6: calculating the balance of cold and hot wind resistance; based on the resistance characteristic of the fog dispersal module, the resistance balance calculation of the cold air quantity Gd and the hot air quantity Gw is carried out, the cold air quantity and the hot air quantity are calculated on the basis of the existing fans, motors and other equipment, and the resistance characteristic of the original tower is obtained
ΔP/γa＝ApυM,Ap＝A2q2+A1q+A0,M＝M2q2+M1q+M0Calculating wet stage resistance, wherein (delta P packing resistance, gamma a air gravity density, Ap resistance formula coefficient, resistance formula index, A)0、A1、A2、M0、M1、M2The parameters are all coefficients, q is the water spraying density), the static pressure of a wet section is obtained, the air resistance of a cold section is calculated, the cold air static pressure of the fog dispersal module is obtained, and the distribution of the hot air volume Gw and the cold air volume Gd volume is determined when the resistance is balanced through repeated iteration;
s7, adjusting the air volume G of the fan, and referring to the existing fan characteristics, adjusting the air volume and the wind pressure delta P to be N' (kW) multiplied by 3600000 multiplied by η1/G(m3/h)＝N′(kW)×1000×η1/G(m3And/s), and the like, comparing the static pressure of the wet section, the static pressure of cold air and the static pressure of a fan, and balancing resistance when the static pressure of the wet section, the static pressure of cold air and the static pressure of the fan are equal to each other to obtain the determined total air volume, the air intake volume of the wet section and the cooling air volume of the fog dissipation module;
s8: through comparison and calculation of the cooling number N and experiments, the water temperature Tw1 entering the tower and the water temperature Tw2 leaving the tower are determined,
wherein i "1、i"2、i"mSaturated air enthalpy i corresponding to the water temperature in the tower, the water temperature out of the tower and the average water temperature1、i2、imRespectively are the average values of the air enthalpy of the tower inlet, the air enthalpy of the tower outlet and the air enthalpy of the tower inlet and the tower outlet;
s9: calculating the temperature and the moisture content of the outlet of the wet air filler through iteration;
s10: iteratively calculating the outlet temperature of the wet air out of the fog dissipation module, and calculating the moisture content x and the temperature t of the mixed air behind the fog dissipation module;
s11: tower outlet fogging analysis: simulating the mixing process of the outlet of the cooling tower and the ambient air through the steps, connecting the mixed air point behind the fog dispersal module and the air point on a temperature-humidity diagram into a straight line, taking ten points, respectively comparing the ten points with corresponding points of a saturated temperature line, if the ten points are all in an unsaturated zone, meeting the fog dispersal effect, and if the ten points are not met, adjusting the size (the side length of a single side and the height of an air inlet) of the fog dispersal module to recalculate until the fog dispersal condition is met;
s12: and (2) analyzing and optimizing the fog dispersal economy, calculating the air inlet amount of a wet section through S7, calculating the water saving amount after calculating the moisture content in front of and behind a fog dispersal module through S10, and calculating the total water saving benefit through water price and the number of fog dispersal towers, wherein the water saving amount is (the air inlet amount of the wet section is dry air density (wet and hot air fog dispersal module is sucked with moisture content-wet and hot air fog dispersal module is sucked with moisture content), on the basis of the scheme, further optimizing the arrangement mode (direction, height, clearance and the like) of the fog dispersal modules, and repeating the calculation of the cold and hot air resistance balance calculation, the fan air volume adjustment, the cooling tower performance calculation, the wet air parameter calculation above the filler, the heat transfer calculation of the fog dispersal module, the outlet air mixing calculation of the fog dispersal module, the tower outlet fog formation analysis and the like. The design point of fog dispersal (the temperature of the environmental dry bulb) can be reduced, and the annual water-saving benefit can be calculated and realized.
The fog dispersal module and a horizontal line form an included angle of 45 degrees, humid and hot air is mixed into one side of the fog dispersal module, ambient air is mixed into the other side of the fog dispersal module, and the ambient air enters from an opening on the side surface of the cooling tower.
And (3) carrying out mist formation analysis on the tower outlet, simulating the mixing process of the cooling tower outlet and ambient air, connecting the mixed air point behind the mist elimination module and the air point on a temperature-humidity diagram into a straight line, and taking ten points to respectively compare with corresponding points of a saturation temperature line.
And (4) performing balance calculation of cold and hot air resistance, and adjusting the total air volume G after the distribution of the Gw and the Gd air volume is completed.
Example 1: determining the height Ha of an air inlet: 2.9 m; intake width wa (m) is tower length L: 11.6 m; the number of air inlet surfaces is as follows: 2; tower width W: 11.6 m; and (3) cooling task: single-tower circulating water quantity Q: 2500m3H; circulating water temperature drop Δ Tw: 10 ℃; ambient air pressure Pa: 93.75 kPa; ambient air dry bulb temperature θ: 5 deg.C
(ii) a Ambient air wet bulb temperature Th: 3.52 ℃; total air volume G is 1127000m3H; the hot air volume Gw assumes 743327m3H; cold air quantity Gd (G-Gw) 383673m for fog dispersal module3/h；
Calculating the main force of each section by a resistance coefficient method, and obtaining the flow resistance delta Pd of the wet section by iterative calculationWetThe resistance of the wet section and the resistance of the fog dispersal module are 136.6 KPa; wherein the wet stage resistance Δ PdWet＝9.81ρ1AVCP m56.1KPa, wherein A is 0.005 q2-0.028*q+1.29，m＝1.76-0.0006q2+0.0009 × q, dry segment flow resistance Δ PdDry matterThe resistance of the fog dissipation module body is delta Pd1, and the resistance of the fog dissipation module air inlet is delta Pd2 is 136.6 KPa;
static pressure delta P of fan is NX 3600000X η1×η2×η3/G(m3136.6KPa, wherein the total fan efficiency η 1 is 0.84, the motor efficiency η 2 is 0.92, the transmission efficiency η 3 is 0.96, and the cooling number N is calculated as:
the test value for calculating the cooling number of the water spraying device is N]＝2.6λ0.591.3911, comparison shows 1.3911>1.3640, namely representing that the thermal power check is qualified, and iterating to obtain the outlet temperature of the damp and hot air of 31.48 ℃;
according to the thermal characteristics of the defogging module, the temperature Th of mixed air at the outlet of the defogging module is 29.2 ℃ and the moisture content x of the mixed air is 0.02Kg/Kg, the common condition point and an air parameter point are connected on a temperature-humidity diagram below a saturated air line, and no intersection point exists, so that the defogging is qualified.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A design calculation method for fog dissipation transformation of a mechanical ventilation counter-flow cooling tower is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: obtaining the size of an original cooling tower; the original cooling tower comprises an air inlet height, an air inlet width, a tower length and a tower width;
s2: acquiring environmental meteorological conditions; the ambient meteorological conditions comprise ambient atmospheric pressure Pa, ambient air dry bulb temperature theta and ambient air wet bulb temperature Th;
s3: obtaining a cooling task; the cooling task comprises a single-tower circulating water quantity Q and a circulating water temperature drop delta Tw;
s4: obtaining the characteristics of the filler; the filler characteristics are obtained by fitting experimental data or actual operation data; n = AnλMnN is the cooling number, An is the cooling number coefficient, Mn is the cooling number index, and lambda is the gas-water ratio;
s5: determining the characteristics of the fog dispersal modules; the fog dispersal module characteristics are based on the heat transfer characteristics and the resistance characteristics of the fog dispersal module obtained by numerical experiments and pilot tower experiments;
s6: calculating the balance of cold and hot wind resistance; based on the resistance characteristic of the fog dispersal module, the resistance balance calculation of the cold air quantity Gd and the hot air quantity Gw is carried out, the cold air quantity and the hot air quantity are calculated on the basis of the existing fan and motor equipment, and according to the resistance characteristic of the original tower, delta P/gamma a = alphapυM，Ap=A2q2+A1q+Ao，M=M2q2+M1q+MoCalculating the resistance of a wet section to obtain the static pressure of the wet section, calculating the air resistance of a cold section to obtain the static pressure of cold air of the fog dispersal module, and determining the distribution of the hot air volume Gw and the cold air volume Gd when the resistance is balanced through repeated iteration;
s7: adjusting the air quantity G of the fan; the air quantity and the air pressure are carried out by referring to the characteristics of the existing fan
Calculating delta P = N' × η 1/G, comparing the static pressure of the wet section, the static pressure of the cold air and the static pressure of the fan, balancing resistance when the static pressures are equal to obtain the determined total air volume, the air inlet volume of the wet section and the cooling air volume of the fog dissipation module;
s8: through comparison and calculation of the cooling number N and experiments, the water temperature Tw1 of the tower inlet and the water temperature Tw2 of the tower outlet are determined, N =4.1868 (Tw 1-Tw 2)/6 x [ 1/(i ″)2-i1）+4/（i″m-im）+1/（i″1-i2）]，
Wherein i ″)1、i″2、i″mRespectively the temperature of water entering the tower and the temperature of water leaving the towerSaturated air enthalpy, i, corresponding to water temperature, average water temperature1、i2、imRespectively are the average values of the air enthalpy of the tower inlet, the air enthalpy of the tower outlet and the air enthalpy of the tower inlet and the tower outlet;
s9: calculating the temperature and the moisture content of the outlet of the wet air filler through iteration;
s10: iteratively calculating the outlet temperature of the wet air out of the fog dissipation module, and calculating the moisture content x and the temperature t of the mixed air behind the fog dissipation module;
s11: tower outlet fogging analysis: simulating the mixing process of the outlet of the cooling tower and the ambient air through the steps, connecting the mixed air point behind the fog dispersal module and the air point on a temperature-humidity diagram into a straight line, taking ten points, respectively comparing the ten points with corresponding points of a saturated temperature line, if the ten points are all in an unsaturated zone, meeting the fog dispersal effect, and if the ten points are not met, adjusting the unilateral side length and the air inlet height of the fog dispersal module to recalculate until the fog dispersal condition is met;
s12: analyzing and optimizing fog dispersal economy; the air intake of the wet section is calculated through S7, the water saving amount is calculated after the moisture content in front of and behind the fog dispersal module is calculated through S10, the total water saving benefit is calculated through the water price and the number of the fog dispersal towers, on the basis of the steps, the arrangement mode of the fog dispersal module is further optimized, the cold and hot air resistance balance calculation, the air quantity adjustment of the fan, the performance calculation of the cooling tower, the wet air parameter calculation above the filler, the heat transfer calculation of the fog dispersal module, the air mixing calculation of the outlet of the fog dispersal module and the fog formation analysis calculation of the outlet of the tower are repeated, the fog dispersal design point can be reduced, and the annual water saving benefit can be calculated.
2. The design calculation method for fog dispersal reconstruction of the mechanical draft counterflow cooling tower of claim 1, characterized in that: the fog dispersal module forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal line, damp and hot air is mixed into one side of the fog dispersal module, ambient air is mixed into the other side of the fog dispersal module, and the ambient air enters from an opening on the side surface of the cooling tower.
3. The design calculation method for fog dispersal reconstruction of the mechanical draft counterflow cooling tower of claim 1, characterized in that: simulating the mixing process of the outlet of the cooling tower and the ambient air, connecting the mixed air point behind the fog dispersal module and the air point on a temperature-humidity diagram into a straight line, and taking ten points to respectively compare with corresponding points of a saturation temperature line.
4. The design calculation method for fog dispersal reconstruction of the mechanical draft counterflow cooling tower of claim 1, characterized in that: and adjusting the total air volume G after the distribution of the hot air volume Gw and the cold air volume Gd is finished.
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| CN109900130A (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-06-18 | 山西宏明空调科技有限公司 | A kind of anti-white cigarette type cross flow cooling tower |
| CN110186291B (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-08-14 | 山东科美自动化设备科技有限公司 | Check calculation method for mixed flow type closed cooling tower |
| CN110414070B (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2020-09-25 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for evaluating influence of hot gas reflux of mechanical draft cooling tower |
| CN116538831B (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-10-31 | 山东蓝想环境科技股份有限公司 | Defogging cooling tower control system capable of accurately controlling outlet water temperature and control method thereof |
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