CN109113917A - A kind of wave kinetic-energy power generator for oceanographic buoy power supply - Google Patents
A kind of wave kinetic-energy power generator for oceanographic buoy power supply Download PDFInfo
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- CN109113917A CN109113917A CN201810738574.7A CN201810738574A CN109113917A CN 109113917 A CN109113917 A CN 109113917A CN 201810738574 A CN201810738574 A CN 201810738574A CN 109113917 A CN109113917 A CN 109113917A
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000411998 Gliricidia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009664 Gliricidia sepium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000635 Spelter Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
- F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/185—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators using fluid streams
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of wave kinetic-energy power generators for oceanographic buoy power supply, are related to marine engineering equipment technical field, can be realized a kind of high reliablity, the wave energy generating set that easy to maintain, use cost is low, generated output is high.The present invention includes: sealing shell, connecting rod, piezoelectric spring, swing ball mass block, interface circuit and energy stores and administrative unit；Connecting rod is divided into top and bottom two-section, wherein the upper end of connecting rod and the inner wall of sealing shell are hinged, and the lower end of connecting rod is fixedly connected with swing ball mass block；Piezoelectric spring is made of that perhaps multiple piezoelectric metals folders are connected in series the part of the surface of piezoelectric metal folder by attachment device or all surfaces are covered with piezoceramic material piezoelectric metal folder.The present invention is suitable for that electric energy can be converted by wave fluctuation and stores.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to marine engineering equipment technical fields more particularly to a kind of fluctuation for oceanographic buoy power supply to send out
Electric installation.
Background technique
In marine engineering equipment, oceanographic buoy is a kind of not only small but also important device, and the main instruction for providing sea is surveyed
The functions such as amount.With mankind's activity, the continuous expansion of investigative range, oceanographic buoy quantity is growing day by day.Such as the people of neritic zone
Work farm needs the position of the tools of production such as a large amount of mark buoy instruction fishing net, rope；The construction of ocean observation net needs
Use the Algor? buoy (ARGO buoy) of magnanimity；In addition, wired observer nodes be also required to emergency power supply label positioning to prevent
Broken cable generates additional loss.
Currently, most of buoys are powered using battery or emergency service.And this kind of power supply unit, it is at high cost, and relative to
Buoy itself, service life is again too short, this just strongly limits the final service life and performance of buoy, also increases replacement battery
Maintenance cost.It cannot achieve the prolonged job requirements of off-lying sea.
What engineer application was more mature at present is to be powered using steam-electric power plant, but solar panel night is not
It can work, also to be influenced by objective factors such as weather, birds droppings, salt air corrosions daytime.Wind power plant then due to volume compared with
Greatly, structure is complicated, and installation maintenance requires height, applies the cost in pelagic environment high.Therefore this kind of " new energy " power supply unit
The use cost of buoy has further been raised instead.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of wave kinetic-energy power generator for oceanographic buoy power supply, and can be realized one kind can
The wave energy generating set high, easy to maintain by property, use cost is low, generated output is high.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
Sealing shell (1), connecting rod (2), piezoelectric spring (3), swing ball mass block (4), interface circuit and energy stores with
Administrative unit (5)；Wherein connecting rod (2), piezoelectric metal folder (3) constitute piezoelectric spring, the piezoelectric spring and swing ball mass block
(4) it constitutes piezoelectric spring and puts structure；Connecting rod (2) is divided into top and bottom two-section, wherein the upper end of connecting rod (2) and sealing
The inner wall of shell (1) is hinged, and the lower end of connecting rod (2) is fixedly connected with swing ball mass block (4)；
Piezoelectric metal folder part of the surface or all surfaces in piezoelectric spring are covered with piezoceramic material；
Interface circuit connects the electrode that the piezoelectric spring puts piezoelectric element in structure by conducting wire, for extracting the pressure
Electrical spring puts the charge energy that piezoelectric element generates in structure；
The interface circuit also connects energy stores and administrative unit, interface circuit and energy stores and management by conducting wire
Unit is used to store the charge energy of the interface circuit output.
Specifically, piezoelectric metal presss from both sides (3) by metal clip (3-1), piezoelectric element (3-2) and series connection apparatus (3-3) (if
1) metal clip quantity, which is greater than, to be constituted, 6 faces of metal clip (3-1) are pasted with piezoelectric element (3-2) respectively, and metal clip (3-1) is U
Type.It is connected in parallel or series first between piezoelectric element (3-2), then draws positive and negative two electrodes and connect the interface circuit
Conducting wire.
Piezoelectric spring is constituted by 1 piezoelectric metal folder (3-1)；Or it is in series by least two piezoelectric metal folder (3-1)
The piezoelectric spring, wherein be fixedly connected between each piezoelectric metal folder (3-1).The piezoelectric spring is by least two piezoelectricity gold
In the case that category folder (3-1) is in series, achieved a fixed connection between each piezoelectric metal folder (3-1) by welding.
It is connected between each piezoelectric metal folder (3-1) by attachment device (3-3)；It is offered on piezoelectric metal folder (3-1)
The through-hole of attachment device (3-3) is matched, takes interference fit between attachment device (3-3) and the through-hole of piezoelectric metal folder (3-1)
Mode achieve a fixed connection.
Attachment device (3-3) is U-shaped metallic pin made of conductive material, and the two-arm of U-shaped metallic pin is respectively fixedly connected with one
A piezoelectric metal presss from both sides (3-1).
At least 2 groups of piezoelectric spring pendulum structures, at least 2 groups of piezoelectric spring pendulum are provided in the wave kinetic-energy power generator
Array of structures formula is assemblied in the wave kinetic-energy power generator, and the interface circuit connects each group of piezoelectric spring by conducting wire and puts
Structure.
The interface circuit and energy stores and administrative unit (5), are arranged in the sealing space that sealing shell (1) is surrounded
Water line below；Above the water line of sealing shell (1) outer surface, stabilizer structure is installed.
It is fully sealed inside sealing shell (1) and full of inert gas；Or it is fully sealed and fills inside sealing shell (1)
Full nitrogen.
Axis (1-1) is fixedly connected and with sealing shell (1) without relative motion；Axis (1-1) and piezoelectric spring connecting rod (2-1)
It is assembled together by bearing.
Energy storage module in interface circuit and energy stores and administrative unit (5) is mixed using supercapacitor and battery
Close the mode of energy storage.
In the prior art, there is also it is some using wave-energy power generation and for float device power supply scheme, and engineering reality
Accomplish for example continue tidal time difference on now, can effectively become one with float device etc..It is developed at present
Function has " nod duck " formula oscillaton water column type, pushing formula, poly- wave energy-storage type, valve type, clamshell etc., and major part still has generating efficiency
The problems such as low, at high cost, difficult in maintenance, high to landform requirement, these problems constrain the substantially popularization of wave-energy power generation technology.
In view of the deficienciess of the prior art, the invention proposes a kind of wave kinetic-energy power generator using piezoelectric material,
The power generator can be effectively isolated with seawater, reduce design, maintenance difficulties and processing and manufacturing cost, while testing test table
Bright device power density also with higher.The device can preferably match ultralow frequency fluctuation energy, piezoelectric spring therein
Structure is put, the wave vibration of ultralow frequency can be matched, while realizing that raising frequency exports.It is of course also possible to be transformed into one by raising frequency
Step promotes generating efficiency.The embodiment of the present invention has the advantages such as at low cost, tidal time difference, solves needed for traditional buoy power supply
A series of problems such as long-life, high efficiency, low-maintenance rate.
Detailed description of the invention
It to describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to needed in the embodiment
Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for ability
For the those of ordinary skill of domain, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other attached
Figure.
Fig. 1 is a kind of typically fluctuation energy generating device structure frame based on piezoelectric material provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is a kind of fluctuation energy generating device structure schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of piezoelectric spring structural schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is several typical layouts of metal clip sticking piezoelectric element provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 be the electromechanical transformation energy that piezoelectric element arrangement scheme is calculated based on shown in Fig. 4 of the embodiment of the present invention and
Energy density compares figure；
Fig. 6 is another piezoelectric spring pendulum structural representation that posture is kept based on shaft coupling hinge provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 7 is a kind of shaft coupling hinge arrangement schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is simulated waves kinetic energy power generation experimental result picture provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution in order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment party
Present invention is further described in detail for formula.Embodiments of the present invention are described in more detail below, the embodiment is shown
Example is shown in the accompanying drawings, and in which the same or similar labels are throughly indicated same or similar element or has identical or class
Like the element of function.It is exemplary below with reference to the embodiment of attached drawing description, for explaining only the invention, and cannot
It is construed to limitation of the present invention.Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless expressly stated, odd number shape used herein
Formula " one ", "one", " described " and "the" may also comprise plural form.It is to be further understood that specification of the invention
Used in wording " comprising " refer to that there are the feature, integer, step, operation, element and/or component, but it is not excluded that
In the presence of or add other one or more features, integer, step, operation, element, component and/or their group.It should be understood that
When we say that an element is " connected " or " coupled " to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to other elements, or
There may also be intermediary elements.In addition, " connection " used herein or " coupling " may include being wirelessly connected or coupling.Here make
Wording "and/or" includes one or more associated any cells for listing item and all combinations.The art
Technical staff is appreciated that unless otherwise defined all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used herein have
Meaning identical with the general understanding of the those of ordinary skill in fields of the present invention.It should also be understood that such as general
Those terms, which should be understood that, defined in dictionary has a meaning that is consistent with the meaning in the context of the prior art, and
Unless defined as here, it will not be explained in an idealized or overly formal meaning.
The wave kinetic-energy power generator for oceanographic buoy power supply that the embodiment of the present invention provides, structural framing schematic diagram
As shown in Figure 1, device is mainly made of piezoelectric spring pendulum structure, interface circuit, energy stores and administrative unit.Wherein piezoelectricity bullet
Spring pendulum structure is the core of device, and Wave energy can be converted directly into electric energy by it, determine the potential maximum generation of device
Power.Interface circuit is the important component of device power extraction and storage, it can be sent out by impedance matching policy optimization
Electrical power determines the actual generation power of device together with piezoelectric spring pendulum structure.Energy stores and administrative unit are confessions
The energy maincenter of electric buoy equipment, it must find balance between continually changing generated output and consumption power, ensure
Equipment is capable of under the precondition of electricity consumption at any time or uninterrupted electricity consumption, as much as possible reduction redundancy generated output, reduce equipment at
This.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of wave kinetic-energy power generator for oceanographic buoy power supply, internal specific knot
Structure, as shown in Figure 2, comprising:
Sealing shell (1), connecting rod (2), piezoelectric spring (3), swing ball mass block (4), interface circuit and energy stores with
Administrative unit (5).
Connecting rod (2) is divided into top and bottom two-section, wherein the upper end of connecting rod (2) and the inner wall of sealing shell (1) are cut with scissors
Even, the lower end of connecting rod (2) is fixedly connected with swing ball mass block (4).
Piezoelectric metal folder part of the surface or all surfaces in piezoelectric spring are covered with piezoceramic material.
Interface circuit connects the electrode that the piezoelectric spring puts piezoelectric element in structure by conducting wire, for extracting the pressure
Electrical spring puts the charge energy that piezoelectric element generates in structure, such as: each metal of piezoelectric spring structure accompanies multiple planes can be with
Sticking piezoelectric element connects between piezoelectric patches in parallel or series, finally draws positive and negative two electrodes and give further interface circuit.It is described
Interface circuit can have the AC/DC conversion circuit with MPPT maximum power point tracking function composition, can also by load impedance not (or
It is weak) influence nonlinear energy extract circuit composition.It is above-mentioned to connect when piezoelectric spring pendulum structure electromechanical coupling factor is less than normal
Mouthful circuit can further lifting device actual generation power.
The interface circuit also connects energy stores and administrative unit by conducting wire, and energy stores are with administrative unit for depositing
Store up the charge of the interface circuit output.
Wherein, shell (1) shape can be arbitrarily devised, and it is former should to follow and be powered the primary design that buoy structure is advantageously integrated
Then；The structure similar to stabilizer should be designed above shell (1) water line, avoid leading to Spring Pendulum structure under the conditions of high sea
Unstability；Drying should be strictly sealed and be kept inside sealing shell (1), is terminated in Standard, after internal inflated with nitrogen, services aperture
It should be closed and lock.For simply illuminating mark buoy, directly lighting apparatus can be integrated into wave kinetic-energy power generator,
Shell (1) design is it is contemplated that arrangement lighting apparatus；On the other hand, if being powered, buoy function is complicated, and structure size is larger, power generation
Device can also be directly integrated into and be powered in buoy, at this point, sealing shell (1) can not follow strictly above-mentioned design principle,
But still it is considered as its sealing performance, prevent internal structure and circuit etch from damaging.Wave kinetic-energy power generator, its own structural representation
Figure is as shown in Figure 2, comprising: sealing shell (1), connecting rod (2), piezoelectric spring (3) and are in capsul at swing ball mass block (4)
(1) interface circuit of bottom end and energy stores and administrative unit (5).CMB may be selected in the manufacture material of the sealing shell (1)
High-intensitive gold also may be selected in (anticollision is non-maintaining) plastics, the operation if buoy needs to dive in a hurry under special circumstances etc., material
Belong to such as steel, titanium alloy, anticorrosive coating should be applied outside shell (1) at this time, or place spelter.
Connecting rod (2), piezoelectric metal folder (3) constitute piezoelectric spring, and the piezoelectric spring and swing ball mass block (4) constitute pressure
Electrical spring puts structure.Sealing shell (1), sealing shell (1) shape is not unique, integrated to facilitate and be powered buoy structure
For primary design principle；Piezoelectric spring puts connecting rod (2) top and sealing shell (1) hinge, bottom end and swing ball matter in structure
Gauge block (4) is connected；Interface circuit and energy stores and administrative unit (5), the interface circuit and energy stores and administrative unit
(5) it is generally disposed at the bottom of sealing space, the stability to enhancement device.Sealing shell (1) is floating to facilitate and be powered
Marking device is integrated into primary design principle, therefore sealing shell (1) shape is not unique.But consider sealing shell (1) in strong wind
The stability floated in wave.
Wherein, piezoelectric spring pendulum structure directly exported in oscillatory process be actually alternating current, interface circuit its
In function be AC energy to be converted into direct current energy, and can effectively extract piezoelectric element electrodes surface charge；Another
Function effectively stores electric energy, and energy stores and administrative unit is cooperated to provide stable power-supplying electricity to the subsequent equipment that is powered
Pressure.
In the present embodiment, axis (1-1) is fixedly connected and with sealing shell (1) without relative motion.Axis (1-1) and piezoelectricity bullet
Spring connecting rod (2-1) is assembled together by bearing, specifically refers to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.
Piezoelectric spring in the present embodiment puts structure, can approximation regard a typical two degrees of freedom quadratic nonlinearity oscillation as
Device, when wave vibration is applied in power generator, Spring Pendulum structure can be swung, and then cause spring and flexible vibration occurs
It swings.Since piezoelectric element is integrated on spring structure, the flexible oscillation of spring can be such that piezo ceramic element is deformed, Jin Ertong
Direct piezoelectric effect is crossed to produce electricl energy.The swing that piezoelectric spring puts structure is inertia-type, therefore does not require power supply unit or part
Component must be fixed by anchor chain, therefore the power supply mode is suitble to various types of float devices.
According to the internal resonance principle in nonlinear dynamics theory, it is desirable that swing intrinsic frequency close to wave vibration frequency,
Telescopic spring oscillation intrinsic frequency is twice for swinging intrinsic frequency.In general, wave vibration frequency is especially low, on the left side 1Hz
The right side, but swing intrinsic frequency is only related with acceleration of gravity and pendulum length, it is unrelated with the equivalent stiffness of structure and quality, therefore put knot
The design of structure creatively avoids architectural vulnerability problem while realizing ultralow frequency matching.
In addition, telescopic spring frequency of oscillation is twice of wave vibration frequency, raising frequency function is dexterously realized, further
Improve output power.This is because the cube of generated output and vibration frequency is proportional when oscillation amplitude is constant.
It is understood that will be installed expensive planetary gear speeder inside most of wind-driven generators, cut also for coil is improved
The frequency of the line of magnetic induction；And the structure design of piezoelectric spring pendulum, increase complicated up-conversion structure there is no additional.
It is relative type motor that piezoelectric spring, which puts structure oscillation occurs, i.e., the sealing shell of structure must be with driving source (wave vibration
It is dynamic) it is opposing stationary, when vibration frequency and swing intrinsic frequency matching, Spring Pendulum structure can amplify excitation amplitude, and then efficiently
Power generation.This wave energy generating set designed with major part with anchor chain (device part-structure and the earth remain stationary motionless) is no
Together, the device therefore in the present embodiment both can be fixed float device power supply, or the float device of drifting type supplies
Electricity, and structure integration mode is relatively simple.
Piezoelectric spring pendulum structural key position is made of piezoelectric spring and swing ball, and structure design is simple, it is stable can
It leans on.Wherein piezoelectric spring structure is creatively composed of flexible metal clip and piezoelectric element, and metal clip can be by
Common binder clip converts, and piezoelectric element then belongs to a kind of most commonly seen piezoelectric material, therefore piezoelectric spring structure
It is very low to fabricate cost.
A kind of piezoelectric spring structure is provided in the present embodiment, structural schematic diagram is as shown in figure 3, piezoelectric metal is pressed from both sides by U-shaped
Metal clip (3-1), piezoelectric element (3-2) and attachment device (3-3) are constituted.U-shaped gold in the piezoelectric metal folder (3-1)
Category accompanies 6 faces can be with piezoelectric element (3-2) effective integration.It can be connected in series or in parallel between piezoelectric element (3-2), and
Draw the conducting wire that positive and negative two electrodes connect the interface circuit.
In piezoelectric spring structure shown in Fig. 3, piezoelectric metal folder is by metal clip (3-1), piezoelectric element (3-2) and connection
Device (3-3) is constituted.Wherein flexible metal clip is similar with common long-tail ticket holder in the market, processes if batch production
Cost is especially low.The price of piezoelectric element currently on the market is also very cheap.Therefore, the structure is relative to small-sized wind power generator
Or solar panel, theoretically there is biggish cost advantage.
Metal in the piezoelectric metal folder (3-1) accompanies 6 faces can be with piezoelectric element (3-2) effective integration.But gold
Category is clipped in during flexible deformation, and the Strain Distribution in each face is inconsistent: in upper and lower side, closer to bottom comers, strain is got over
Greatly.It is more uniform for overall bigger and opposite flank the Strain Distribution of strain in bottom.Fig. 4 gives on a metal clip
Several typical layouts of piezoelectric element, since the thickness of piezoelectric element, width are consistent, different arrangements are corresponded to not
With the total length of piezoelectric element；Fig. 5 gives under different arrangements, the electric energy and electric energy generated in the case where same mechanical can act on
Density comparison curves.As can be seen that the area for pasting piezoelectric patches is bigger (total length is longer), the electric energy of generation is bigger, shows to press
The electromechanical coupling factor of electrical spring structure is higher.But when bottom face quickstick is sticked, electric energy density highest.When specific design,
The highest arrangement of electric energy density or the highest arrangement of electric energy can be selected according to demand.
To verify feasibility of the invention, piezoelectric spring pendulum structure as shown in Figure 2 has been built.Swaying direction intrinsic frequency
For 1.49Hz, spring mass direction of vibration intrinsic frequency is 3.50Hz, and structure electromechanical coupling factor is 0.015, wobble quality block
Quality is 2.03kg, and piezoelectric element output end accesses the equivalent input impedance that resistance value is 54.16k Ω, and the volume of whole device is about
For 160 × 85 × 85mm3.Under the conditions of the low frequency movement excitation artificially provided, the output voltage and generated output of piezoelectric element
As shown in figure 8, piezoelectric spring puts the average output power of structure on the left side 13mW when driving frequency is when swinging near intrinsic frequency
It is right.When driving frequency changes at random, output power is in 4mW or so, it is already possible to meet LED light indicator type buoy night illumination
Demand.It is worth noting that the piezoelectric patches arrangement of the device and be not optimised, in addition the average generated output of device and its
Equivalent mass (volume) is directly proportional, buoy higher for large-scale power consumption, can be increased by optimizing piezoelectric element arrangement scheme
The modes such as equivalent mass (volume) further increase generated output.
In the present embodiment, each metal of piezoelectric spring structure accompanies 6 planes can be with sticking piezoelectric element, between piezoelectric patches
It is connected in series or in parallel, finally draws positive and negative two electrodes and give further interface circuit.Piezoelectric spring puts structure, and structure is swung freely
The intrinsic frequency of degree is mainly related with pendulum length and acceleration of gravity, therefore can realize super under conditions of guaranteeing structural strength
The matching of low-frequency fluctuation frequency.Piezoelectric spring puts structure, and Spring Pendulum overall dimension can zoom in or out, and corresponding generated output can
To increase or decrease.In addition, device can also further increase power generation in such a way that array arranges multiple piezoelectric spring pendulum
Power widens working band.
Further, buoy higher for large-scale power consumption can also arrange multiple piezoelectric spring pendulum by array
Structure effectively improves generated output.Change little application for vibration frequency, piezoelectric spring puts structure size can be with one
It causes, improves the generated output under the frequency to the maximum extent.For the application of vibration frequency variation, piezoelectric spring puts structure
Size can be arranged successively design, and the working band of device is widened by way of sacrificing maximum power generation.
Specifically, constituting piezoelectric spring by 1 piezoelectric metal folder.Or institute in series is pressed from both sides by least two piezoelectric metal
State piezoelectric spring, wherein be fixedly connected between each piezoelectric metal folder.
Such as: the piezoelectric spring by least two piezoelectric metal folder it is in series in the case where, each piezoelectric metal presss from both sides it
Between by welding achieve a fixed connection.
A kind of piezoelectric spring structure of simple processing is provided in the present embodiment, so that the actual product of the present embodiment is convenient for
Produce in enormous quantities, it is also contemplated that one time punching molded plus subsequent heat treatment fabricates metal spring, removes piezoelectric metal from and presss from both sides it
Between the step for being fixedly connected with assembly.The program helps to improve the reliability in spring structure practical work process, while
The partial properties of Spring Pendulum structure are promoted while controlling manufacturing cost.
Again for example: being connected between each piezoelectric metal folder (3-1) by attachment device (3-3).Piezoelectric metal presss from both sides on (3-1)
The through-hole of matching attachment device (3-3) is offered, was taken between attachment device (3-3) and the through-hole of piezoelectric metal folder (3-1)
The mode of cooperation of being full of achieves a fixed connection.Wherein: attachment device (3-3) is U-shaped metallic pin made of conductive material, U-shaped metal
The two-arm of pin is respectively fixedly connected with a piezoelectric metal folder (3-1).It should be noted that the metal mentioned in the present embodiment
Pin, it is therefore intended that be fixedly connected with two piezoelectric metals folder, therefore the shape of metallic pin can be not limited to it is U-shaped, also using being O-shaped
(annular), I-shaped etc., do not limit herein.Wherein, the preferred rigid material of attachment device, attachment device and piezoelectric metal folder
Connection type is also rigid and is fixedly connected.In practical applications, piezoelectric spring mainly passes through connection by piezoelectric metal folder (3-1)
Device (3-3) is in series.Metal clip quantity can be selected according to practical application request.If producing the piezoelectricity of same model in enormous quantities
Spring Pendulum structure, then it is contemplated that one time punching molded technique produces metal spring.Further, the equivalent stiffness of piezoelectric spring can
To adjust by the quantity for changing series connection metal clip, pass through U-shaped pin connection between metal clip.Also, in specific production process
In, it may be considered that the techniques such as one time punching molded and subsequent heat treatment manufacture spring structure, are ensuring spring and control system
This while is caused, reliability of structure or even lift portion performance are further increased.
Wave kinetic-energy power generator, core component are piezoelectric spring pendulum structure, i.e. piezoelectric spring (3) and swing ball mass block
(4).Connecting rod (2) top and sealing shell (1) are hinged, and bottom end and swing ball mass block (5) are connected, piezoelectric metal press from both sides (3-1) it
Between be cascaded by attachment device (3-3).When sealing shell (1) is fluctuated with wave, swing ball mass block (4) can be put
It is dynamic.If vibration frequency meets condition, the amplitude of fluctuation of swing ball may be far longer than fluctuating range.According to Spring Pendulum principle, if
Near hunting frequency, oscillation of substantially stretching will occur the intrinsic frequency of spring mass vibrational degrees of freedom for spring.The piezoelectricity gold
Belong to and being connected between folder by attachment device (3-3), the mode of interference fit is taken between connecting pin and metal clip through-hole, it is ensured that pin
It is less likely to occur to rotate between metal clip, improves generating efficiency.In addition, since spring can be reduced after elastic metallic folder series connection
Equivalent stiffness, therefore can flexibly select according to the actual situation series connection metal clip quantity, and then control equivalent stiffness (bullet
Spring-quality vibrational degrees of freedom intrinsic frequency).
As an implementation, consider that power supply unit and streamline are drifted about or submariner type buoy is integrated, sealing shell (1)
It is easy unstability rolling in the case where fluctuating incentive action, to guarantee that pendulum structure works normally, axis can be designed in sealing space middle position
Linkage.The rough schematic view of the design is as shown in fig. 6, its axis (1-1) and sealing shell (1) are connected, no relative motion.
Axis (1-1) is assembled together with piezoelectric spring connecting rod (2-1) by specific bearing, schematic diagram such as Fig. 7 institute of details amplification
Show.Once, due to the presence of bearing, entire gravity spring puts structure at this point, sealing shell (1) band moving axis (1-1) rolls
Still it is able to maintain oneself state.The shortcomings that this design is that pendulum structure only vibrates in the vertical plane along drift direction, this direction is close
The stability for sealing shell (1) is also higher.And be easy to happen in the lateral vertical plane acutely vibrated, due to bearing (2-1)
In the presence of the more difficult generation of pendulum structure is substantially vibrated.
Further, to solve disadvantages mentioned above, bearing can be artificial to increase rubbing when rotating by way of specific customization
Power is wiped, is just rotated when it is more than certain threshold value, the generating efficiency of device can be further increased.In addition, pivot hinge is set
Meter increases the complexity and departmental cost of structure, it should only require extra high occasion selection to answer drift damped coefficient
With.Such as: for the drifting type buoy for requiring drift resistance especially small, it can ensure that piezoelectric spring is put by designing pivot hinge mechanism
The stability of state.The design increases the complexity and departmental cost of structure, but can reduce drift resistance coefficient.For needing
The buoy of long-distance drift is wanted, lateral streamlined structure design can be used in seal casinghousing, to reduce damping system when buoy drifts about
Number.At this point it is possible to pendulum fixing end design pivot hinge mechanism ensure put posture.
Further, it is provided at least 2 groups of piezoelectric springs pendulum structures in the wave kinetic-energy power generator, described at least 2 groups
Piezoelectric spring pendulum array of structures formula is assemblied in the wave kinetic-energy power generator, and the interface circuit connects each group by conducting wire
Piezoelectric spring puts structure.It is assembled i.e., it is possible to put array of structures formula by design multiple groups piezoelectric spring, linearly increasing generated output,
And then meet the inconsistent float device of all kinds of consumption power.The technical problem to be solved is that in satisfaction property for the embodiment of the present invention
On the basis of capable of requiring, design structure is simple, high reliablity, wave energy generating set easy to maintain, use cost is low；The device
Can change design size according to actual needs, or increase Spring Pendulum quantity, simultaneously effective with various types of buoy knots
Structure is integrated.
Further, the interface circuit and energy stores and administrative unit (5), are arranged in sealing shell (1) and are surrounded
Sealing space water line below.Above the water line of sealing shell (1) outer surface, stabilizer structure is installed.Sealing
Shell (1) floats in high sea will have stability, the battery in the interface circuit and energy stores and administrative unit (5)
Group and supercapacitor should be arranged in below sealing space.Design is similar to stabilizer above sealing shell (1) water line simultaneously
Structure, increase the damped coefficient that waves in high sea of structure.For the posture for guaranteeing pendulum, devised above shell water line
Similar to the structure of Ship Steering Autopilot, to increase damped coefficient of the device under substantially swinging condition, it is ensured that piezoelectric spring pendulum
Structure belongs to gravity bob.By the supercapacitor and battery arrangement that are used for energy storage in power supply unit below the shell, water line with
Under, increase the stability of device to the maximum extent.
Energy storage module in interface circuit and energy stores and administrative unit (5) is mixed using supercapacitor and battery
Close the mode of energy storage.Battery energy storage density is big, can store more electric energy, still under the conditions of phase homogenous quantities (or volume)
Battery charge efficiency is affected by charge condition, and service life is also closely related with charge and discharge number；Ultracapacitor energy storage
Density is relatively small, but charge and discharge are simple, efficient, and cycle-index is especially high.It is several for power generator described in the present embodiment
It is at every moment in charging and discharging state, for the service life for improving energy storage medium, hybrid energy-storing mode is selected to help
In prolonging the service life, while meeting requirement of the self-contained electric system to electric energy management, reduces design difficulty from the root.In addition,
Battery and supercapacitor should be arranged in shell bottom, improve the stability of device.
To avoid seawater salt mist environment from putting the influence of structure to piezoelectric spring, it is considered as sealing structure into interior of shell.
Such as: sealing shell (1) inside is fully sealed and is fully sealed and is full of full of inert gas or sealing shell (1) inside
Nitrogen, other can also be filled inside sealing shell (1) can extenuate the gas of metal oxidation corrosion.For sealing shell
(1), corrosion resistance can be improved by material itself, coating or sacrificial protection.This design can greatly really
The generating efficiency of protection device, while reducing maintenance cost.Once equipment is assembled successfully, sealing shell (1) should not retain services aperture,
Or it safeguards bore closure and locks.
All the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, same and similar portion between each embodiment
Dividing may refer to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.Especially for equipment reality
For applying example, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, so describing fairly simple, related place is referring to embodiment of the method
Part explanation.The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
This, anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, the variation that can readily occur in or replaces
It changes, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of claim
Subject to enclosing.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of wave kinetic-energy power generator for oceanographic buoy power supply characterized by comprising
Sealing shell (1), connecting rod (2), piezoelectric spring (3), swing ball mass block (4), interface circuit and energy stores and management
Unit (5)；
Wherein connecting rod (2), piezoelectric metal folder and attachment device collectively form piezoelectric spring (3), piezoelectric spring (3) and swing ball matter
Gauge block (4) constitutes piezoelectric spring and puts structure；
Connecting rod (2) is divided into top and bottom two-section, wherein and the upper end of connecting rod (2) and the inner wall of sealing shell (1) are hinged,
The lower end of connecting rod (2) is fixedly connected with swing ball mass block (4)；
Piezoelectric spring is made of a piezoelectric metal folder, or is pressed from both sides by least two piezoelectric metal and be connected in series by attachment device,
The part of the surface or all surfaces covering piezoceramic material of piezoelectric metal folder are constituted；
Interface circuit connects the electrode in the piezoelectric spring pendulum structure by conducting wire, for extracting the piezoelectric spring pendulum structure
In piezoelectric element generate charge energy；
The interface circuit also connects energy stores and administrative unit by conducting wire, and energy stores and administrative unit are for storing institute
State the electric energy of interface circuit output.
2. the wave kinetic-energy power generator according to claim 1 for oceanographic buoy power supply, which is characterized in that pressed by 1
Electric metal folder constitutes piezoelectric spring.
3. the wave kinetic-energy power generator according to claim 1 for oceanographic buoy power supply, which is characterized in that each piezoelectricity
It is connected between metal clip by attachment device；
The through-hole of matching attachment device is offered on piezoelectric metal folder (3), is adopted between attachment device and the through-hole of piezoelectric metal folder
The mode of interference fit is taken to achieve a fixed connection.
4. the wave kinetic-energy power generator according to claim 1 for oceanographic buoy power supply, which is characterized in that the fluctuation
At least 2 groups of piezoelectric spring pendulum structures can be provided in power generator, at least 2 groups of piezoelectric spring pendulum array of structures formulas are assemblied in
In the wave kinetic-energy power generator, the interface circuit connects each group of piezoelectric spring by conducting wire and puts structure.
5. the wave kinetic-energy power generator according to claim 1 for oceanographic buoy power supply, which is characterized in that the interface
Circuit and energy stores and administrative unit (5) are arranged in below the water line for the sealing space that sealing shell (1) is surrounded；
Above the water line of sealing shell (1) outer surface, stabilizer structure is installed.
6. the wave kinetic-energy power generator according to claim 1 for oceanographic buoy power supply, which is characterized in that sealing shell
(1) internal to be fully sealed and full of inert gas；Or it is fully sealed inside sealing shell (1) and is full of nitrogen；It is outer in sealing
Other are filled inside shell (1) can extenuate the gas of metal oxidation corrosion.
7. the wave kinetic-energy power generator according to claim 1 for oceanographic buoy power supply, which is characterized in that axis (1-1)
It is fixedly connected and with sealing shell (1) without relative motion；
Axis (1-1) is assembled together with piezoelectric spring connecting rod (2-1) by bearing.
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| CN112202363A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-08 | 长春工业大学 | Pendulum type multi-vibrator series piezoelectric energy harvester |
| CN112727689A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-30 | 河北科技大学 | Permanent magnet generator and power generation system |
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| CN109113917B (en) | 2020-10-20 |
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