CN109108281A - Air passage structure in a kind of hard alloy and cermet debinding furnace burner hearth - Google Patents
Air passage structure in a kind of hard alloy and cermet debinding furnace burner hearth Download PDFInfo
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- CN109108281A CN109108281A CN201810956186.6A CN201810956186A CN109108281A CN 109108281 A CN109108281 A CN 109108281A CN 201810956186 A CN201810956186 A CN 201810956186A CN 109108281 A CN109108281 A CN 109108281A
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- gas
- guide tube
- burner hearth
- cermet
- hard alloy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
- B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
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Abstract
Air passage structure in a kind of hard alloy and cermet debinding furnace burner hearth, including air inlet pipe, air inlet pipe, which is upward through, to be arranged on burner hearth bottom tail end, air inlet pipe upper end in burner hearth is equipped with the first gas-guide tube, the second gas-guide tube and third gas-guide tube, and the air inlet tube portion in burner hearth is equipped with the 4th gas-guide tube on the position close to burner hearth bottom；First gas-guide tube, the second gas-guide tube, third gas-guide tube and the 4th gas-guide tube is horizontally disposed along the axial direction of burner hearth, first gas-guide tube and third gas-guide tube are separately positioned on above sintering workspace on the position of two sides, the setting of second gas-guide tube is right above sintering workspace, and setting is immediately below sintering workspace on the 4th gas-guide tube.Using the above structure, it can guarantee carbon content, the uniformity of volume contraction and weight-loss ratio of the product in skimming processes, solve the problems, such as that domestic cermet product substrate performance is unstable at present.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to machining and field of powder metallurgy, especially a kind of hard alloy and cermet debinding furnace furnaces
Air passage structure in thorax.
Background technique
Ti (C, N) base ceramet tool bit is because of hardness with higher, wearability, red hardness, excellent chemical stability
And extremely low coefficient of friction and by common concern both domestic and external, be mainly used in the High speed finish machining of steel and cast iron.Ti
Its great potential as the upgrading alternative materials of traditional WC-Co hard alloy has had been displayed in (C, N) based ceramic metal.It is high
Warm hardness is better than high-speed steel and WC base cemented carbide, and toughness is better than ceramics and superhard cutter, in the range of work also just
The blank between WC base cemented carbide cutter and sintex is filled up.
Relevant department of China also puts into a large amount of strength and has been developed that Ti (C, N) based ceramic metal of some trades mark in recent years
Cutter, product can partially replace the hard alloy cutters such as YG8, YT15 in cutting field.But domestic hard alloy and gold
The production status for belonging to sintex allows of no optimist, and shows and is characterized in that the quality of production is unstable, can not be with import blade phase
It matches in excellence or beauty.The comprehensive performance for the ceramic tool tried out in Chinese market is significantly lower than metal pottery common on Japanese market
The performance of porcelain cutter, and properties of product are unstable, especially obdurability is poor, therefore ceramic tool there is no to obtain
Practical application.
Cermet production technology is complicated, influence factor is more, and industrial metal ceramics are high to the performance requirement of basis material,
Improving and stablizing its performance is always the maximum difficult point in powder metallurgical technique.The technological process of production of metal-ceramic matrix material
Usually raw material proportioning → mixing → slurry dry → mixes glue → granulation → die forming (or extrusion molding) → degreasing → sintering.
Subtractive process, that is, skimming processes of bonding agent have conclusive influence to sintered body matrix and performance.Degreasing carrier gas in burner hearth
Intake method and carrier gas stream uniformity be influence sintered body matrix in carbon content so that influence sintered body follow-up sintering process
In constriction coefficient, stomata, defect and institutional framework, be determine sintered body final performance and performance uniformity it is key because
Element is the key link that blade quality is controlled in the production of tight blade matrix.
The common degreasing scheme of cemented carbide industry is degreasing sintered integral process at present, and gas circuit is arranged in insulation in furnace
Inboard wall of burner hearth side outside layer, using single channel exterior air drain gas circuit arrangement, carrier gas enters furnace chamber by guide pipeline, is full of furnace
Cavity between thorax inner wall and heat insulation layer penetrates into sintering zone by heat insulation layer；Work box side cover and cabinet are passed through by sintering zone again
Between gap and the air inlet at top enter in work box, realize the skimming processes of sintered body.Exhaust outlet is arranged in work
Case central bottom, carrier gas are discharged by exhaust outlet.Chinese patent CN201520506995.9 is exactly this kind of carrier gas currency structures.
For this structure there are the pressure difference matching problem of work box and burner hearth, pressure difference control is bad to be easy to cause wax steam into burner hearth
Flow backward and pollutes burner hearth.It needs to apply pressure to side cover in the horizontal direction with affixed side between graphite work box side cover and cabinet
Lid, while guaranteeing that there is certain gap in the vertical seal face of side cover and cabinet；But it is difficult to ensure that four groups of bolts generate in assembly
Uniform pressure, side cover are easy to produce the skew of vertical plane and horizontal plane, and with the thermal expansion of temperature rise graphite side cover and cabinet
Effect can reduce gap, thus influence carrier gas stream from side cover gap enter work box direction and flow and generate degreasing uniformity
Problem.
With the increasingly raising of processing industry requirement on machining accuracy, for cutter product needed for Precision Machining and high-end processing
Dimensional accuracy, process service performance homogeneity requirement it is stringenter.Therefore, in order to obtain the size and performance of basis material
Higher uniformity is needed to the arrangement of the flow uniformity, gas circuit of carrier gas is effectively set in burner hearth in skimming processes
Meter.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide air flues in a kind of hard alloy and cermet debinding furnace burner hearth
Structure can guarantee carbon content, the uniformity of volume contraction and weight-loss ratio of the product in skimming processes, solve domestic gold at present
Belong to the unstable problem of ceramic product substrate performance.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: a kind of hard alloy and cermet are de-
Air passage structure in rouge furnace burner hearth, including air inlet pipe, air inlet pipe, which is upward through, to be arranged on burner hearth bottom tail end, in burner hearth
Air inlet pipe upper end is equipped with the first gas-guide tube, the second gas-guide tube and third gas-guide tube, and the air inlet tube portion in burner hearth is close
The position of burner hearth bottom is equipped with the 4th gas-guide tube, and product is placed on the graphite boat layer in burner hearth when work；
First gas-guide tube, the second gas-guide tube, third gas-guide tube and the 4th gas-guide tube is along the axial horizontal of burner hearth
Setting, the first gas-guide tube and third gas-guide tube are separately positioned on above sintering workspace on the position of two sides, and the second gas-guide tube is set
It sets right above sintering workspace, setting is immediately below sintering workspace on the 4th gas-guide tube；
First gas-guide tube is equipped with the first gas-guide tube gas vent, and second gas-guide tube is equipped with the second air guide
Pipe gas vent, the third gas-guide tube are equipped with third gas-guide tube gas vent, and the 4th gas-guide tube is equipped with the 4th and leads
Tracheae gas vent.
In preferred scheme, the first gas-guide tube gas vent, the second gas-guide tube gas vent, third gas-guide tube gas vent
With the 4th gas-guide tube gas vent towards the setting of sintering workspace.
In preferred scheme, the burner hearth bottom is being equipped with exhaust dewaxing pipe, exhaust dewaxing pipe on fire door one end
End is connected with vacuum pump.
It in preferred scheme, is additionally provided on the exhaust dewaxing pipe and catches wax device, catch the exhaust dewaxing pipe portion at wax device both ends
A valve is equipped on point.
In preferred scheme, first gas-guide tube, the second gas-guide tube, third gas-guide tube and the 4th gas-guide tube are contained
Air-flow differential is 3-4bar, carrier gas stuffing pressure 0.3-0.4bar, and the nebulizer gas pressure in burner hearth maintains 50-300Pa.
In preferred scheme, the first gas-guide tube gas vent and third gas-guide tube gas vent are in vertical direction
25 ° of -30 ° of settings.
In preferred scheme, first gas-guide tube, the second gas-guide tube, third gas-guide tube and the 4th gas-guide tube are all made of
Ferrite stainless steel material pipeline.
One kind provided by the present invention is used for air passage structure in hard alloy and cermet debinding furnace burner hearth, by using
Above structure, the beneficial effect is that carrier gas flux distribution is equal in workspace area in the skimming processes of hard alloy class product
Even, carrier gas is uniform for the cooling effect of product, to ensure that carbon content, volume contraction and mistake of the product in skimming processes
The uniformity of rate again.Another advantageous effects of the structure are that carrier gas directly acts on product surface, and low-pressure carrier gas can be used
Stream, save the cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples:
Fig. 1 is positive structure diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is side structure schematic view of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the first gas-guide tube the schematic diagram of the section structure of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the second gas-guide tube the schematic diagram of the section structure of the invention.
Fig. 5 is third gas-guide tube the schematic diagram of the section structure of the invention.
Fig. 6 is the 4th gas-guide tube the schematic diagram of the section structure of the invention.
Fig. 7-8 is gas-guide tube side structure schematic view of the invention.
In figure: burner hearth 1, the first gas-guide tube 2, the second gas-guide tube 3, third gas-guide tube 4, the 4th gas-guide tube 5, the first gas-guide tube
Gas vent 6, the second gas-guide tube gas vent 7, third gas-guide tube gas vent 8, the 4th gas-guide tube gas vent 9, graphite boat layer 10, air inlet
Pipe 11 catches wax device 12, vacuum pump 13, valve 14, exhaust dewaxing pipe 15.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
As in Fig. 1-7, air passage structure in a kind of hard alloy and cermet debinding furnace burner hearth, including air inlet pipe 11, into
Tracheae 11, which is upward through, to be arranged on 1 bottom tail end of burner hearth, 11 upper end of air inlet pipe in burner hearth 1 be equipped with the first gas-guide tube 2,
Second gas-guide tube 3 and third gas-guide tube 4,11 part of air inlet pipe in burner hearth 1 are equipped on the position close to 1 bottom of burner hearth
4th gas-guide tube 5, product is placed on sintering workspace graphite boat layer 10 when degreasing sintered；
First gas-guide tube 2, the second gas-guide tube 3, third gas-guide tube 4 and the 4th gas-guide tube 5 is along the axial direction of burner hearth 1
Horizontally disposed, the first gas-guide tube 2 and third gas-guide tube 4 are separately positioned on the position of 10 top two sides of graphite boat layer, and second leads
The setting of tracheae 3 is right above graphite boat layer 10, and setting is immediately below graphite boat layer 10 on the 4th gas-guide tube 5；
First gas-guide tube 2 is equipped with the first gas-guide tube gas vent 6, and second gas-guide tube 3 is equipped with second
Gas-guide tube gas vent 7, the third gas-guide tube 4 are equipped with third gas-guide tube gas vent 8, set on the 4th gas-guide tube 5
There is the 4th gas-guide tube gas vent 9.
In preferred scheme, the first gas-guide tube gas vent 6, the second gas-guide tube gas vent 7, the exhaust of third gas-guide tube
Hole 8 and the 4th gas-guide tube gas vent 9 are towards the setting of sintering workspace.
In preferred scheme, 1 bottom of burner hearth is equipped with exhaust dewaxing pipe 15, row on one end far from air inlet pipe 11
15 end of qi exhaustion ceratuba is connected with vacuum pump 13.
In preferred scheme, it is additionally provided on the exhaust dewaxing pipe 15 and catches wax device 12, the exhaust for catching 12 both ends of wax device is de-
A valve 14 is equipped on 15 part of ceratuba.
In preferred scheme, first gas-guide tube 2, the second gas-guide tube 3, third gas-guide tube 4 and the 4th gas-guide tube 5 are
Using ferrite stainless steel material pipeline；
Gas-guide tube uses the ferritic stainless steel such as SUS430 with good elevated temperature strength, and thermal conductivity is compared with austenitic stainless steel
Height, thermal expansion coefficient is again lower than austenitic stainless steel, and the carrier gas of flowing can be both preheated in pipe, and carrier gas can also have heat
Effect, which is taken away, generates stronger cooling effect to air inlet pipe.
Embodiment 2:
On the basis of embodiment 1, first gas-guide tube 2, the second gas-guide tube 3, third gas-guide tube 4 and the 4th are led
It is 3-4bar, carrier gas stuffing pressure 0.3-0.4bar that tracheae 5, which contains air-flow differential, and the nebulizer gas pressure in burner hearth 1 maintains 50-
300Pa。
Embodiment 3:
On the basis of embodiment 1, the first gas-guide tube gas vent 6 and third gas-guide tube gas vent 8 be and vertically
Direction is arranged in 25 ° -30 °, and preferably 25 °.
Embodiment 4:
On the basis of embodiment 1, the first gas-guide tube 2, the second gas-guide tube 3, third gas-guide tube 4 and the 4th gas-guide tube 5
Diameter controls the exhaust on 15-20mm, the first gas-guide tube 2, the second gas-guide tube 3, third gas-guide tube 4 and the 4th gas-guide tube 5
Hole aperture is preferably 2mm, and the gas vent on the first gas-guide tube 2, the second gas-guide tube 3, third gas-guide tube 4 and the 4th gas-guide tube 5
9 are axially uniformly arranged along gas-guide tube, the carrier gas flowing pressure 4bar in gas-guide tube, carrier gas stuffing pressure 0.3bar, burner hearth carrier gas
Pressure is 300Pa.
Embodiment 5:
On the basis of embodiment 1, the first gas-guide tube 2, the second gas-guide tube 3, third gas-guide tube 4 and the 4th gas-guide tube 5
Diameter controls the exhaust on 15-20mm, the first gas-guide tube 2, the second gas-guide tube 3, third gas-guide tube 4 and the 4th gas-guide tube 5
Hole aperture is preferably 2mm, and the length of the first gas-guide tube 2 and third gas-guide tube 4 is the one of the second gas-guide tube 3 and the 4th gas-guide tube 5
Half；
And the gas vent on first gas-guide tube 2, the second gas-guide tube 3, third gas-guide tube 4 and the 4th gas-guide tube 5 is along gas-guide tube
Axial direction is uniformly arranged 9, the carrier gas flowing pressure 4bar in gas-guide tube, carrier gas stuffing pressure 0.4bar, and burner hearth nebulizer gas pressure is
300Pa。
In embodiment 4,5, using hydrodynamics First Law (continuity equation) and hydrodynamics second law (Na Wei
That-Stokes (N-S) equation), the exhaust number of perforations on gas-guide tube is calculated, specifically:
According to hydrodynamics First Law (continuity equation) and hydrodynamics second law (Na Weier-Stokes
(N-S) equation), have:
In above formula, ρ is the density of gas, and t is the time, and p is pressure, and f is mass force,For speed divergence.It calculated
The temperature that journey ignores burner hearth influences.Dewaxing carrier gas, via pressure reducing valve, flows through furnace Outer Tube by flowmeter control volume by pressure gas tank
Product flow Q1(pipeline can be read by controller at this time and contain air pressure force value p1), interior conduit is entered by burner hearth air inlet, then by
Pipeline upper air-vent is discharged into burner hearth.In dewaxing process, carrier gas is Q via the flow that interior conduit enters burner hearth by air inlet1, flow into
Direction is reduced to a direction.Interior conduit sectional area is S1, exhaust outlet sectional area is S2, in the unit time carrier gas from interior conduit into
When entering burner hearth is gas vent gross area nS by area2, interior conduit gas density ρ1, close from moment gas after exhaust outlet discharge
Degree is ρ2, therefore (1) formula can be simplified, and there are following relationships:
ρ1S1u1=ρ2nS2u2
Therefore utilize (1)~(3) equation that can calculate carrier gas filling pressure, and the unit time contains the body that gas flows into burner hearth
Product is Q1.
Carrier gas is Q in the mechanical pumping action carrier gas volume that can be discharged in the time that places an order2, carrier gas in working time burner hearth
Keep certain pressure value p2(vacuum pressure meter reading), to keep, balance enters burner hearth and discharged gas volume answers phase
Deng i.e. Q1=Q2, i.e., it is equal to the carrier gas volume for flowing into burner hearth in the unit time by the gas volume in burner hearth exhaust port area；
Act on the nebulizer gas pressure in exhaust port area be furnace pressure value (disregard exhaust dewaxing pipe in gas pressure), thus according to
The above method can establish the difference between burner hearth nebulizer gas pressure and carrier filling pressure value.
This programme is vented number of perforations and determines data used, and mechanical pump draft is provided by equipment, diameter of outlet, furnace diameter
It is determined through measurement with size, interior conduit diameter and length, burner hearth vacuum degree is measured by vacuum meter and determined, carrier gas flux is by flow
Meter control.The filling pressure of carrier gas, exhaust number of perforations can be calculated in the proportionate relationship and equation determined by the above method.
Using the above structure, carrier gas can form the gas overlay area of square, top after being transported to sintering workspace
The gas vent of first gas-guide tube 2 of portion two sides and third gas-guide tube 4, which is arranged, can guarantee that carrier gas is formed from top to bottom, from one end to another
The carrier gas stream of one end, carrier gas stream guarantee that enough pressure is formed from two sides, Background Region anteriorly to burn boat layer in each layer
Carrier gas laminar flow, and workspace central area can be covered；Burner hearth bottom carrier gas forms ascending airs from four sides along burning boat bottom,
Pressure and insufficient drawback when top stream reaches bottom can be made up, and forms top-bottom cross in the two sides of workspace and caudal face
The carrier gas stream of flow direction.
The length of gas-guide tube is limited in burner hearth with the section length that works, and to ensure that carrier gas can cover whole workspaces, is finally reached
To the purpose for the uniformity for guaranteeing carbon content of the product in skimming processes, volume contraction and weight-loss ratio.
Claims (7)
1. air passage structure in a kind of hard alloy and cermet debinding furnace burner hearth, including air inlet pipe (11), it is characterized in that: air inlet
Pipe (11), which is upward through, to be arranged on the tail end of burner hearth (1) bottom, and air inlet pipe (11) upper end being located in burner hearth (1) is led equipped with first
Tracheae (2), the second gas-guide tube (3) and third gas-guide tube (4) are located at the air inlet pipe (11) in burner hearth (1) partially close to burner hearth
(1) position of bottom is equipped with the 4th gas-guide tube (5), and product is placed on the graphite boat layer (10) in burner hearth (1) when work；
First gas-guide tube (2), the second gas-guide tube (3), third gas-guide tube (4) and the 4th gas-guide tube (5) is along burner hearth (1)
Axial direction it is horizontally disposed, the first gas-guide tube (2) and third gas-guide tube (4) are separately positioned on the position of graphite boat layer (10) top two sides
It sets, the second gas-guide tube (3) setting is arranged on the 4th gas-guide tube (5) in graphite boat layer (10) right above graphite boat layer (10)
Underface；
First gas-guide tube (2) is equipped with the first gas-guide tube gas vent (6), and second gas-guide tube (3) is equipped with the
Two gas-guide tube gas vents (7), the third gas-guide tube (4) are equipped with third gas-guide tube gas vent (8), the 4th air guide
It manages (5) and is equipped with the 4th gas-guide tube gas vent (9).
2. air passage structure in a kind of hard alloy according to claim 1 and cermet debinding furnace burner hearth, feature exist
In: the first gas-guide tube gas vent (6), the second gas-guide tube gas vent (7), third gas-guide tube gas vent (8) and the 4th are led
Tracheae gas vent (9) is arranged towards graphite boat layer (10).
3. air passage structure in a kind of hard alloy according to claim 1 and cermet debinding furnace burner hearth, feature exist
In: burner hearth (1) bottom is being equipped with exhaust dewaxing pipe (15), exhaust dewaxing pipe (15) end connection on fire door one end
Equipped with vacuum pump (13).
4. air passage structure in a kind of hard alloy according to claim 3 and cermet debinding furnace burner hearth, feature exist
In: the exhaust dewaxing pipe (15), which is equipped with, catches wax device (12), catches on exhaust dewaxing pipe (15) part at wax device (12) both ends
It is equipped with a valve (14).
5. air passage structure in a kind of hard alloy according to claim 1 and cermet debinding furnace burner hearth, feature exist
In: the first gas-guide tube (2), the second gas-guide tube (3), third gas-guide tube (4) and the 4th gas-guide tube (5) contains air-flow pressure
Difference is 3-4bar, carrier gas stuffing pressure 0.3-0.4bar, and the nebulizer gas pressure in burner hearth (1) maintains 50-300Pa.
6. air passage structure in a kind of hard alloy according to claim 1 and cermet debinding furnace burner hearth, feature exist
In: the first gas-guide tube gas vent (6) and third gas-guide tube gas vent (8) are with vertical direction in 25 ° of -30 ° of settings.
7. air passage structure in a kind of hard alloy according to claim 1 and cermet debinding furnace burner hearth, feature exist
In: the first gas-guide tube (2), the second gas-guide tube (3), third gas-guide tube (4) and the 4th gas-guide tube (5) is all made of ferrite
Stainless steel material pipeline.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810956186.6A CN109108281B (en) | 2018-08-21 | 2018-08-21 | Air flue structure in hearth of hard alloy and metal ceramic degreasing furnace |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810956186.6A CN109108281B (en) | 2018-08-21 | 2018-08-21 | Air flue structure in hearth of hard alloy and metal ceramic degreasing furnace |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109108281A true CN109108281A (en) | 2019-01-01 |
| CN109108281B CN109108281B (en) | 2020-09-15 |
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ID=64852494
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201810956186.6A Active CN109108281B (en) | 2018-08-21 | 2018-08-21 | Air flue structure in hearth of hard alloy and metal ceramic degreasing furnace |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115164593A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-10-11 | 四川大学 | Uniform atmosphere sintering furnace with special-shaped stone ink box |
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| CN204373390U (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-06-03 | 中山市新泰兴粉末冶金有限公司 | A kind of catalysis degreasing stove |
| CN107243632A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-10-13 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | The cold seal formula degreasing flue and degreasing method of a kind of real-time temperature control |
| CN207047301U (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2018-02-27 | 河源正信硬质合金有限公司 | A kind of debinding furnace for being used to produce hard alloy |
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| JP2504345B2 (en) * | 1991-06-04 | 1996-06-05 | 株式会社島津製作所 | Vacuum sintering furnace |
| JPH07239186A (en) * | 1994-02-28 | 1995-09-12 | Shimadzu Corp | Degreasing sintering furnace |
| JP2002129202A (en) * | 2000-10-24 | 2002-05-09 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Apparatus and method for producing sintered product |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115164593A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-10-11 | 四川大学 | Uniform atmosphere sintering furnace with special-shaped stone ink box |
| CN115164593B (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2023-08-04 | 四川大学 | Uniform atmosphere sintering furnace with special-shaped graphite box |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109108281B (en) | 2020-09-15 |
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